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Adighibe O, Leek RD, Fernandez-Mercado M, Hu J, Snell C, Gatter KC, Harris AL, Pezzella F. Why some tumours trigger neovascularisation and others don't: the story thus far. Chin J Cancer 2016; 35:18. [PMID: 26873439 PMCID: PMC4752802 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is not essential for tumours to develop and expand, as cancer can also grow in a non-angiogenic fashion, but why this type of growth occurs is unknown. Surprisingly, our data from mRNA transcription profiling did not show any differences in the classical angiogenic pathways, but differences were observed in mitochondrial metabolic pathways, suggesting a key role for metabolic reprogramming. We then validated these results with mRNA profiling by investigating differential protein expression via immunohistochemistry in angiogenic and non-angiogenic non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for 35 angiogenesis- and hypoxia-related biomarkers were performed on a collection of 194 angiogenic and 73 non-angiogenic NSCLCs arranged on tissue microarrays. Sequencing of P53 was performed with frozen tissue samples of NSCLC. RESULTS The non-angiogenic tumours were distinguished from the angiogenic ones by having higher levels of proteins associated with ephrin pathways, mitochondria, cell biogenesis, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) regulation by oxygen and transcription of HIF-controlled genes but lower levels of proteins involved in the stroma, cell-cell signaling and adhesion, integrins, and Delta-Notch and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related signaling. However, proteins classically associated with angiogenesis were present in both types of tumours at very comparable levels. Cytoplasmic expression of P53 was strongly associated with non-angiogenic tumours. A pilot investigation showed that P53 mutations were observed in 32.0% of angiogenic cases but in 71.4% of non-angiogenic tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our observations thus far indicate that both angiogenic and non-angiogenic tumours experience hypoxia/HIF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway protein expression in a comparable fashion. However, angiogenesis does not ensue in the non-angiogenic tumours. Surprisingly, metabolic reprogramming seems to distinguish these two types of neoplastic growth. On the basis of these results, we raise the hypothesis that in some, but not in all cases, initial tissue remodeling and/or inflammation could be one of the secondary steps necessary to trigger angiogenesis. In the non-angiogenic tumours, in which neovascularisation fails to occur, HIF pathway activation could be the driving force toward metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omanma Adighibe
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Russell D Leek
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Marta Fernandez-Mercado
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Oncology Area, San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Jiangting Hu
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Cameron Snell
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Kevin C Gatter
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Francesco Pezzella
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Laboratory Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Adighibe O, Turley H, Leek R, Harris A, Coutts AS, La Thangue N, Gatter K, Pezzella F. JMY protein, a regulator of P53 and cytoplasmic actin filaments, is expressed in normal and neoplastic tissues. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:715-22. [PMID: 25280461 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
JMY is a p300-binding protein with dual action: by enhancing P53 transcription in the nucleus, it plays an important role in the cellular response to DNA damage, while by promoting actin filament assembly in the cytoplasm; it induces cell motility in vitro. Therefore, it has been argued that, depending of the cellular setting, it might act either as tumor suppressor or as oncogene. In order to further determine its relevance to human cancer, we produced the monoclonal antibody HMY 117 against a synthetic peptide from the N-terminus region and characterized it on two JMY positive cell lines, MCF7 and HeLa, wild type and after transfection with siRNA to switch off JMY expression. JMY was expressed in normal tissues and heterogeneously in different tumor types, with close correlation between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. Most noticeable was the loss of expression in some infiltrating carcinomas compared to normal tissue and in in situ carcinomas of the breast, which is consistent with a putative suppressor role. However, as in lymph node metastases, expression of JMY was higher than in primary colorectal and head and neck carcinomas, it might also have oncogenic properties depending on the cellular context by increasing motility and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omanma Adighibe
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Donnem T, Hu J, Ferguson M, Adighibe O, Snell C, Harris AL, Gatter KC, Pezzella F. Vessel co-option in primary human tumors and metastases: an obstacle to effective anti-angiogenic treatment? Cancer Med 2013; 2:427-36. [PMID: 24156015 PMCID: PMC3799277 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been regarded as essential for tumor growth and progression. Studies of many human tumors, however, suggest that their microcirculation may be provided by nonsprouting vessels and that a variety of tumors can grow and metastasize without angiogenesis. Vessel co-option, where tumor cells migrate along the preexisting vessels of the host organ, is regarded as an alternative tumor blood supply. Vessel co-option may occur in many malignancies, but so far mostly reported in highly vascularized tissues such as brain, lung, and liver. In primary and metastatic lung cancer and liver metastasis from different primary origins, as much as 10–30% of the tumors are reported to use this alternative blood supply. In addition, vessel co-option is introduced as a potential explanation of antiangiogenic drug resistance, although the impact of vessel co-option in this clinical setting is still to be further explored. In this review we discuss tumor vessel co-option with specific examples of vessel co-option in primary and secondary tumors and a consideration of the clinical implications of this alternative tumor blood supply. Both primary and metastatic tumors use preexisting host tissue vessels as their blood supply. Tumors may grow to a clinically detectable size without angiogenesis and makes them less likely to respond to drugs designed to target the abnormal vasculature produced by angiogenesis, but further studies to explore the biological and clinical implication of these co-opted vessels is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway Tromso, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromso Tromso, Norway
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Blom ES, Giedraitis V, Arepalli S, Hamshere ML, Adighibe O, Goate A, Williams J, Lannfelt L, Hardy J, Vrièze FWD, Glaser A. Further analysis of previously implicated linkage regions for Alzheimer's disease in affected relative pairs. BMC Med Genet 2009; 10:122. [PMID: 19951422 PMCID: PMC2791756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide linkage studies for Alzheimer's disease have implicated several chromosomal regions as potential loci for susceptibility genes. Methods In the present study, we have combined a selection of affected relative pairs (ARPs) from the UK and the USA included in a previous linkage study by Myers et al. (Am J Med Genet, 2002), with ARPs from Sweden and Washington University. In this total sample collection of 397 ARPs, we have analyzed linkage to chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 12, 19 and 21, implicated in the previous scan. Results The analysis revealed that linkage to chromosome 19q13 close to the APOE locus increased considerably as compared to the earlier scan. However, linkage to chromosome 10q21, which provided the strongest linkage in the previous scan could not be detected. Conclusion The present investigation provides yet further evidence that 19q13 is the only chromosomal region consistently linked to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin S Blom
- Section of Molecular Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Blom ES, Holmans P, Arepalli S, Adighibe O, Hamshere ML, Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Bergem ALM, Owen MJ, Hollingworth P, Goate A, Williams J, Lannfelt L, Hardy J, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Glaser A. Does APOE explain the linkage of Alzheimer's disease to chromosome 19q13? Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:778-83. [PMID: 18161859 PMCID: PMC2726752 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the impact of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) on the chromosome 19 linkage peak from an analysis of sib-pairs affected by Alzheimer's disease. We genotyped 417 affected sib-pairs (ASPs) collected in Sweden and Norway (SWE), the UK and the USA for 10 microsatellite markers on chromosome 19. The highest Zlr (3.28, chromosome-wide P-value 0.036) from the multipoint linkage analysis was located approximately 1 Mb from APOE, at marker D19S178. The linkage to chromosome 19 was well explained by APOE in the whole sample as well as in the UK and USA subsamples, as identity by descent (IBD) increased with the number of epsilon4 alleles in ASPs. There was a suggestion from the SWE subsample that linkage was higher than would be expected from APOE alone, although the test for this did not reach formal statistical significance. There was also a significant age at onset (aao) effect on linkage to chromosome 19q13 in the whole sample, which manifested itself as increased IBD sharing in relative pairs with lower mean aao. This effect was partially, although not completely, explained by APOE. The aao effect varied considerably between the different subsamples, with most of the effect coming from the UK sample. The other samples showed smaller effects in the same direction, but these were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin S Blom
- Section of Molecular Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Compton D, Womick M, Arepalli S, Adighibe O, Li L, Pérez-Tur J, Hardy J. ABCA1 polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2007; 416:180-3. [PMID: 17324514 PMCID: PMC1945126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our search for genetic factors related to the development of Alzheimer's disease, we have genotyped 332 pedigrees for three coding polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene, two of which are known to alter plasma cholesterol levels, as well as a non-coding polymorphism within the promoter. We show an apparent weak association of rs2230806 (p-value=0.01) with the disease in a sibpair series of Alzheimer's disease that had shown previously evidence for linkage to the chromosome 9 locus where ABCA1 maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Wavrant-De Vrièze
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A1015 MSC 3707, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707, USA.
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Adighibe O, Micklem K, Campo L, Ferguson M, Harris A, Pozos R, Gatter K, Pezzella F. Is nonangiogenesis a novel pathway for cancer progression? A study using 3-dimensional tumour reconstructions. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1176-9. [PMID: 16622442 PMCID: PMC2361259 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonangiogenic lung tumour is characterized by neoplastic cells co-opting the pre-existent vasculature and filling the alveoli space. 3-Dimensional reconstruction of the tumour reveals that this particular tumour progresses without neovascularization and there is no major destruction of the lung's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adighibe
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Minority International Research Training Program, Division of International Training and Research, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room B2C39, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2220, Bethesda, MD 20892-2220, USA
| | - K Micklem
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - L Campo
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - M Ferguson
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - A Harris
- Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, OX3 7LJ, Oxford, UK
| | - R Pozos
- San Diego State University, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1931, USA
| | - K Gatter
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - F Pezzella
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Pathology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK. E-mail:
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Adighibe O, Arepalli S, Duckworth J, Hardy J, Wavrant-De Vrièze F. Genetic variability at the LXR gene (NR1H2) may contribute to the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 27:1431-4. [PMID: 16207502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have initiated a systematic analysis of the role of cholesterol metabolizing genes as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. As part of this analysis, we have assessed the NR1H2 gene on chromosome 19 and report here a modest association with the locus in sibpairs with late onset disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omanma Adighibe
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Porter Neuroscience Building, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 3707, USA
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Myllykangas L, Wavrant-De Vrièze F, Polvikoski T, Notkola IL, Sulkava R, Niinistö L, Edland SD, Arepalli S, Adighibe O, Compton D, Hardy J, Haltia M, Tienari PJ. Chromosome 21 BACE2 haplotype associates with Alzheimer's disease: A two-stage study. J Neurol Sci 2005; 236:17-24. [PMID: 16023140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic linkage studies have provided evidence for a late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility locus on chromosome 21q. We have tested, in a two-stage association study, whether allelic or haplotype variation of the beta-amyloid cleaving enzyme-2 (BACE2) locus on chromosome 21q affects the risk of late-onset AD. In stage-1, an unselected population-based sample of Finns aged 85 years or over (n=515) was analysed. Neuropathologic examination including beta-amyloid load quantification was possible in over 50% (n=264) of these subjects. AD patients (n=100) and controls (n=48) were defined by modified neuropathological NIA-RI criteria. Positive associations were taken as a hypothesis, and tested in stage-2 using 483 AD families from the USA. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BACE2 gene were tested in stage-1. A SNP close to exon-6 was associated with neuropathologically verified AD (p=0.02) and also with beta-amyloid load in non-selected autopsied subjects after conditioning with APOE genotype (p=0.001). In haplotype analysis a specific, relatively common haplotype (H5) was found to associate with AD (p=0.004) and a second haplotype (H7) showed a weaker association with protection against AD (p=0.04). In stage-2, the SNP association was not replicated, whereas the haplotype H5 association was replicated (p=0.004) and a trend to association was found with the putative protective haplotype H7 (two-sided p=0.08). BACE2 haplotype association with AD in two independent datasets provides further evidence for an AD susceptibility locus on chromosome 21q within or close to BACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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