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Ma R, Yu S, Cui Y, Pan Y, Wang M, Wang L, Wang J, Zhao L, Zhang H. Epidermal growth factor regulates autophagy activity and endocytosis of yak cumulus cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1081643. [PMID: 36699336 PMCID: PMC9868291 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autophagy and endocytosis are crucial biological activities in mammalian follicle development and oocyte maturation, which are easily affected by external environmental factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), as an important component of follicular fluid, regulates the growth and apoptosis of follicular cells. However, its regulatory mechanism of autophagy and endocytosis in mammals, especially in large domestic animals such as plateau yak, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of EGF on autophagy and endocytosis in yak cumulus cells. Methods Yak cumulus cells were treated with different concentrations of EGF and appropriate concentrations of EGFR inhibitor gefitinib (10 μM). The dynamic expression levels of Atg5, Beclin1, LC3, Cav1 and Cav2 were detected by immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR and Western-blot. Results EGF inhibited autophagy in yak cumulus cells by down-regulating the expression of Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3. The level of autophagy varied with the concentration of ligands, and the inhibition was most significant at 100 ng/mL. Noteworthy, EGF can promote endocytosis by regulating the expression of Cav1 and Cav2, but the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway is not the main way to regulate the expression of these proteins. Discussion These results provide a reference for further exploring the effects of growth factors on livestock germ cells and the regulatory role of autophagy-endocytosis crosstalk mechanism in follicle development and oocyte maturation, to improve the fecundity of yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Sijiu Yu ✉
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Yan Cui ✉
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Miller K, Morant R, Stenzl A, Zuna I, Wirth M. A Phase II Study of the Central European Society of Anticancer-Drug Research (CESAR) Group: Results of an Open-Label Study of Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin with or without Concomitant or Sequential Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium. Urol Int 2015; 96:5-13. [PMID: 26068576 DOI: 10.1159/000381589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, in combination with first-line chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer. METHODS Chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were randomized 1:1:1 to receive six cycles of chemotherapy (gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1 of every cycle) concomitantly with gefitinib 250 mg/day (arm A); or with sequential gefitinib (arm B); or alone (arm C). The primary endpoint was the time to progression (TTP). RESULTS A total of 105 patients received study treatment. Median TTP for arms A, B, and C were 6.1, 6.3, and 7.8 months, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatment arms for any outcomes measured. The most common adverse events were nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION Gefitinib in combination with chemotherapy did not improve efficacy in advanced urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charitx00E9;, Berlin, Germany
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Deberne M, Levy A, Mondini M, Dessen P, Vivet S, Supiramaniam A, Vozenin MC, Deutsch E. The combination of the antiviral agent cidofovir and anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab exerts an antiproliferative effect on HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines' in-vitro and in-vivo xenografts. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:599-608. [PMID: 23698251 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283612a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma remains a leading cause of female mortality worldwide and over 90% of these tumors contain the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome. Cross-talk between the epidermal growth factor receptor and HPV has been reported and is implicated in tumor progression. The combination of the antiviral compound cidofovir (Cd) with the monoclonal antibody antiepidermal growth factor receptor cetuximab (Cx) was evaluated. HPV-positive (HeLa and Me180) and HPV-negative (C33A, H460 and A549) human cancer cell lines were incubated with Cd (1-10 μg/ml) and/or Cx (10 or 50 μg/ml). The antitumor effect of the combination was assessed in vitro using a clonogenic survival assay, cell cycle analysis, and phospho-H2AX level. Tumor growth delay was assayed in vivo using xenograft models. A pan-genomic analysis was carried out to identify the genes expressed differentially in untreated HeLa HPV-positive cells versus cells treated by the Cd-Cx combination. The Cd-Cx combination inhibited proliferation in all the cell lines tested. The association of Cd and Cx exerted a synergistic activity on HPV-positive but not on HPV-negative cell lines. The combination delayed tumor growth of HPV-positive tumors in vivo; however, no efficacy was reported on HPV-negative C33A xenografts nor on cell lines treated by single-drug therapy. The combination induced an S-phase arrest associated with an enhanced level of the double-strand break in Me180 and HeLa cell lines. Gene profiling assays showed a significant differential modulation of genes in HeLa cell lines treated with the combination involving the EGR-1 transcription factor. The current data support a synergistic antiproliferative action of the Cd-Cx combination on HPV-related cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deberne
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Paris XI University, France
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Moncho-Amor V, Ibañez de Cáceres I, Bandres E, Martínez-Poveda B, Orgaz JL, Sánchez-Pérez I, Zazo S, Rovira A, Albanell J, Jiménez B, Rojo F, Belda-Iniesta C, García-Foncillas J, Perona R. DUSP1/MKP1 promotes angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2010; 30:668-78. [PMID: 20890299 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DUSP1/MKP1 is a dual-specific phosphatase that regulates MAPKs activity, with an increasingly recognized role in tumor biology. To understand more about the involvement of DUSP1 in lung cancer, we performed gene expression analyses of parental and DUSP1-interfered H460 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Downregulation of DUSP1 induced changes in the expression levels of genes involved in specific biological pathways, including angiogenesis, MAP kinase phosphatase activity, cell-cell signaling, growth factor and tyrosine-kinase receptor activity. Changes in the expression of some of these genes were due to modulation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and/or p38 activity by DUSP1. Complementary functional assays were performed to focus on the implication of DUSP1 in angiogenesis and metastasis. In H460 cells, interference of DUSP1 resulted in a diminished capacity to invade through Matrigel, to grow tumors in nude mice and also to induce metastasis through tail-vein injection. Furthermore, the angiogenic potential of H460 cells was also impaired, correlating with a decrease in VEGFC production and indicating that DUSP1 could be required to induce angiogenesis. Finally, we studied whether a similar relationship occurred in patients. In human NSCLC specimens, DUSP1 was mainly expressed in those tumor cells close to CD31 vascular structures and a statistically significant correlation was found between VEGFC and DUSP1 expression. Overall, these results provide evidence for a role of DUSP1 in angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moncho-Amor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas CSIC/UAM, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Egerod FL, Bartels A, Fristrup N, Borre M, Ørntoft TF, Oleksiewicz MB, Brünner N, Dyrskjøt L. High frequency of tumor cells with nuclear Egr-1 protein expression in human bladder cancer is associated with disease progression. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:385. [PMID: 19878561 PMCID: PMC2774864 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Egr-1 (early growth response-1 transcription factor) has been proposed to be involved in invasion and metastasis processes of human bladder cancer, but Egr-1 protein expression levels in human bladder cancer have not been investigated. In the present study we investigated the expression levels of Egr-1 protein in early stages of human bladder cancer and correlated it to later progression. Methods Expression of Egr-1 protein in human bladder cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry, on a tissue microarray constructed from tumors from 289 patients with non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Results The frequency of tumor cells with nuclear Egr-1 immunolabelling correlated to bladder cancer stage, grade and to later progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (T2-4). Stage T1 tumors exhibited significantly higher frequencies of tumor cells with nuclear Egr-1 immunolabelling than Ta tumors (P = 0.001). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a high frequency of tumor cells with nuclear Egr-1 immunolabelling was significantly associated with a higher risk of progression to stage T2-4 (log-rank test, P = 0.035). Tumor cells with nuclear Egr-1 immunolabelling were found to localize at the tumor front in some of the tumor biopsies. Conclusion The results from this study support a potential involvement of Egr-1 in the progression from non-muscle invasive bladder cancers to muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Lim JH, Jung CR, Lee CH, Im DS. Egr-1 and serum response factor are involved in growth factors- and serum-mediated induction of E2-EPF UCP expression that regulates the VHL-HIF pathway. J Cell Biochem 2009; 105:1117-27. [PMID: 18780286 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
E2-EPF ubiquitin carrier protein (UCP) has been shown to be highly expressed in common human cancers and target von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) for proteosomal degradation in cells, thereby stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha. Here, we investigated cellular factors that regulate the expression of UCP gene. Promoter deletion assay identified binding sites for early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and serum response factor (SRF) in the UCP promoter. Hepatocyte or epidermal growth factor (EGF), or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced UCP expression following early induction of Egr-1 expression in HeLa cells. Serum increased mRNA and protein levels of SRF and UCP in the cell. By electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, sequence-specific DNA-binding of Egr-1 and SRF to the UCP promoter was detected in nuclear extracts from HeLa cells treated with EGF and serum, respectively. Overexpression of Egr-1 or SRF increased UCP expression. RNA interference-mediated depletion of endogenous Egr-1 or SRF impaired EGF- or serum-mediated induction of UCP expression, which was required for cancer cell proliferation. Systemic delivery of EGF into mice also increased UCP expression following early induction of Egr-1 expression in mouse liver. The induced UCP expression by the growth factors or serum increased HIF-1alpha protein level under non-hypoxic conditions, suggesting that the Egr-1/SRF-UCP-VHL pathway is in part responsible for the increased HIF-1alpha protein level in vitro and in vivo. Thus, growth factors and serum induce expression of Egr-1 and SRF, respectively, which in turn induces UCP expression that positively regulates cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lim
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Youssef RF, Mitra AP, Bartsch G, Jones PA, Skinner DG, Cote RJ. Molecular targets and targeted therapies in bladder cancer management. World J Urol 2008; 27:9-20. [PMID: 19039591 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer remains a significant health problem. Currently, conventional histopathologic evaluation criteria (tumor grade and stage) are limited in their ability to accurately predict tumor behavior. A significant number of patients with muscle-invasive or extravesical disease treated by radical cystectomy alone die of metastasis. Intense research efforts are being made to better identify and categorize tumors by their molecular alterations and biological characteristics. A majority of the aggressive, invasive bladder carcinomas have alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma pathways that regulate the cell cycle by interacting with signal transduction pathways. Angiogenesis further contributes to the neoplastic growth by providing a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients. It is becoming apparent that the accumulation of genetic and molecular changes ultimately determines a tumor's phenotype and subsequent clinical behavior. We provide a contemporary outline of our current understanding of the molecular and genetic events associated with tumorigenesis and progression. We emphasize the ways by which molecular biology is likely to affect the development of future therapies that will be able to target molecular alterations in individual tumors based on their respective profiles. The current status of targeted therapies for bladder cancer is also presented as well as the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy F Youssef
- Departments of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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