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Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Kazek M, Boguś MI. Infection of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) Larvae With the Entomopathogenic Fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales) Induces Apoptosis of Hemocytes and Affects the Concentration of Eicosanoids in the Hemolymph. Front Physiol 2022; 12:774086. [PMID: 35069239 PMCID: PMC8769874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.774086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy, the mechanisms of programmed cell death, play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Apoptosis is also known to play an important role in the immune response, particularly in the context of entomopathogenic infection. Of the factors influencing the apoptotic process during infection, two of the lesser known groups are caspases and eicosanoids. The aim of this study was to determine whether infection by the entomopathogenic soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus is associated with apoptosis and changes in caspase activity in the hemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae, and to confirm whether fungal infection may affect eicosanoid levels in the host. Larvae were exposed for 24 h to fully grown and sporulating fungus. Hemolymph was collected either immediately after termination of exposure (F24 group) or 24 h later (F48 group). Apoptosis/necrosis tests were performed in hemocytes using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, while ELISA tests were used to measure eicosanoid levels. Apoptosis and necrosis occurred to the same degree in F24, but necrosis predominated in F48. Fungal infection resulted in caspase activation, increased PGE1, PGE2, PGA1, PGF2α, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels and decreased TXB2 levels, but had no effect on TXA2 or 11-dehydro-TXB2 concentrations. In addition, infected larvae demonstrated significantly increased PLA2 activity, known to be involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that fungal infection simultaneously induces apoptosis in insects and stimulates general caspase activity, and this may be correlated with changes in the concentrations of eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Kazek
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,BIOMIBO, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Davino-Chiovatto JE, Oliveira-Junior MC, MacKenzie B, Santos-Dias A, Almeida-Oliveira AR, Aquino-Junior JCJ, Brito AA, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Oliveira APL, Silva AP, Consolim-Colombo FM, Aimbire F, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Vieira RP. Montelukast, Leukotriene Inhibitor, Reduces LPS-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation and Human Neutrophil Activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Davino-Chiovatto JE, Oliveira-Junior MC, MacKenzie B, Santos-Dias A, Almeida-Oliveira AR, Aquino-Junior JCJ, Brito AA, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Oliveira APL, Silva AP, Consolim-Colombo FM, Aimbire F, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Vieira RP. Montelukast, Leukotriene Inhibitor, Reduces LPS-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation and Human Neutrophil Activation. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 55:573-580. [PMID: 31257011 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some pro-inflammatory lipids derived from 1 lipooxygenase enzyme are potent neutrophil chemoattractant, a cell centrally involved in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); a syndrome lacking effective treatment. Considering the beneficial effects of the leukotriene receptor inhibitor, montelukast, on other lung diseases, whether montelukast attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of ARDS, and whether it reduces LPS stimulated activation of human neutrophils was investigated. METHODS Thirty-five C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into control (PBS)+24h, LPS+24h (10μg/mouse), control+48h, LPS+48h, and LPS 48h+Montelukast (10mg/kg). In addition, human neutrophils were incubated with LPS (1μg/mL) and treated with montelukast (10μM). RESULTS Oral-tracheal administration of montelukast significantly attenuated total cells (P<.05), macrophages (P<.05), neutrophils (P<.01), lymphocytes (P<.001) and total protein levels in BAL (P<.05), as well as IL-6 (P<.05), CXCL1/KC (P<.05), IL-17 (P<.05) and TNF-α (P<.05). Furthermore, montelukast reduced neutrophils (P<.001), lymphocytes (P<.01) and macrophages (P<.01) in the lung parenchyma. In addition, montelukast restored BAL VEGF levels (P<.05). LTB4 receptor expression (P<.001) as well as NF-κB (P<.001), a downstream target of LPS, were also reduced in lung parenchymal leukocytes. Furthermore, montelukast reduced IL-8 (P<.001) production by LPS-treated human neutrophils. CONCLUSION In conclusion, montelukast efficiently attenuated both LPS-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model of ARDS and in LPS challenged human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoel Carneiro Oliveira-Junior
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - BreAnne MacKenzie
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alana Santos-Dias
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Roberta Almeida-Oliveira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Pereira Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Aimbire
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Osvaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Universidade Brasil, Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Santos, SP, Brazil; Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 4050, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Lin N, Shay JES, Xie H, Lee DSM, Skuli N, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Azzam A, Meng H, Wang H, FitzGerald GA, Simon MC. Myeloid Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Promote Resolution of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2565. [PMID: 30455703 PMCID: PMC6230677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic tissues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients exhibit oxygen deprivation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), which mediate cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress. Notably, macrophages and neutrophils accumulate preferentially in hypoxic regions of the inflamed colon, suggesting that myeloid cell functions in colitis are HIF-dependent. By depleting ARNT (the obligate heterodimeric binding partner for both HIFα subunits) in a murine model, we demonstrate here that myeloid HIF signaling promotes the resolution of acute colitis. Specifically, myeloid pan-HIF deficiency exacerbates infiltration of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and Ly6C+ monocytic cells into diseased tissue. Myeloid HIF ablation also hinders macrophage functional conversion to a protective, pro-resolving phenotype, and elevates gut serum amyloid A levels during the resolution phase of colitis. Therefore, myeloid cell HIF signaling is required for efficient resolution of inflammatory damage in colitis, implicating serum amyloid A in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica E S Shay
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David S M Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zilu Zhou
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Azzam
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hu Meng
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Thompson-Souza GA, Gropillo I, Neves JS. Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Eosinophil Biology: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Perspectives in Eosinophilic Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:106. [PMID: 28770202 PMCID: PMC5515036 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), LTC4, and its extracellular metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, have varied and multiple roles in mediating eosinophilic disorders including host defense against parasitic helminthes and allergic inflammation, especially in the lung and in asthma. CysLTs are known to act through at least 2 receptors termed cysLT1 receptor (CysLT1R) and cysLT2 receptor (CysLT2R). Eosinophils contain a dominant population of cytoplasmic crystalloid granules that store various preformed proteins. Human eosinophils are sources of cysLTs and are known to express the two known cysLTs receptors (CysLTRs). CysLTs can have varied functions on eosinophils, ranging from intracrine regulators of secretion of granule-derived proteins to paracrine/autocrine roles in eosinophil chemotaxis, differentiation, and survival. Lately, it has been recognized the expression of CysLTRs in the membranes of eosinophil granules. Moreover, cysLTs have been shown to evoke secretion from isolated cell-free eosinophil granules operating through their receptors expressed on granule membranes. In this work, we review the functional roles of cysLTs in eosinophil biology. We review cysLTs biosynthesis, their receptors, and argue the intracrine and paracrine/autocrine responses induced by cysLTs in eosinophils and in isolated free extracellular eosinophil granules. We also examine and speculate on the therapeutic relevance of targeting CysLTRs in the treatment of eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Gropillo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josiane S Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Marvar PJ, Hendy EB, Cruise TD, Walas D, DeCicco D, Vadigepalli R, Schwaber JS, Waki H, Murphy D, Paton JFR. Systemic leukotriene B 4 receptor antagonism lowers arterial blood pressure and improves autonomic function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Physiol 2016; 594:5975-5989. [PMID: 27230966 DOI: 10.1113/jp272065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Evidence indicates an association between hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation in both human hypertension and experimental animal models. Previous studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) support a role for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), a potent chemoattractant involved in the inflammatory response, but its mode of action is poorly understood. In the SHR, we observed an increase in T cells and macrophages in the brainstem; in addition, gene expression profiling data showed that LTB4 production, degradation and downstream signalling in the brainstem of the SHR are dynamically regulated during hypertension. When LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) receptors were blocked with CP-105,696, arterial pressure was reduced in the SHR compared to the normotensive control and this reduction was associated with a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) indicators. These data provide new evidence for the role of LTB4 as an important neuro-immune pathway in the development of hypertension and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension. ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence indicates an association between hypertension and chronic systemic inflammation in both human hypertension and experimental animal models. Previous studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) support a role for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), a potent chemoattractant involved in the inflammatory response. However, the mechanism for LTB4 -mediated inflammation in hypertension is poorly understood. Here we report in the SHR, increased brainstem infiltration of T cells and macrophages plus gene expression profiling data showing that LTB4 production, degradation and downstream signalling in the brainstem of the SHR are dynamically regulated during hypertension. Chronic blockade of the LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1) receptor with CP-105,696, reduced arterial pressure in the SHR compared to the normotensive control and this reduction was associated with a significant decrease in low and high frequency spectra of systolic blood pressure, and an increase in spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG). These data provide new evidence for the role of LTB4 as an important neuro-immune pathway in the development of hypertension and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Marvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Washington, The George Washington University School of Medical and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emma B Hendy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Thomas D Cruise
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dawid Walas
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Danielle DeCicco
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James S Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - David Murphy
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Julian F R Paton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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7
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Differential Contribution of BLT1 and BLT2 to Leukotriene B4-Induced Human NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Migration. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:389849. [PMID: 26696753 PMCID: PMC4678237 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) via its receptors BLT1 and/or BLT2 (BLTRs) could have an important role in regulating infection, tumour progression, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we showed that LTB4 not only augments cytotoxicity by NK cells but also induces their migration. We found that approximately 30% of fresh NK cells express BLT1, 36% express BLT2, and 15% coexpress both receptors. The use of selective BLTR antagonists indicated that BLT1 was involved in both LTB4-induced migration and cytotoxicity, whereas BLT2 was involved exclusively in NK cell migration, but only in response to higher concentrations of LTB4. BLT1 and BLT2 expression increased after activation of NK cells with IL-2 and IL-15. These changes of BLTR expression by cytokines were reflected in enhanced NK cell responses to LTB4. Our findings suggest that BLT1 and BLT2 play differential roles in LTB4-induced modulation of NK cell activity.
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8
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Multifaceted roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes in eliciting eosinophil granule protein secretion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:848762. [PMID: 25866815 PMCID: PMC4383494 DOI: 10.1155/2015/848762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are cell membrane-impermeant lipid mediators that play major roles in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation and are recognized to act via at least 2 receptors, namely, cysLT1 receptor (cysLT1R) and cysLT2 receptor (cysLT2R). Eosinophils, which are granulocytes classically associated with host defense against parasitic helminthes and allergic conditions, are distinguished from leukocytes by their dominant population of cytoplasmic crystalloid (also termed secretory, specific, or secondary) granules that contain robust stores of diverse preformed proteins. Human eosinophils are the main source of cysLTs and are recognized to express both cysLTs receptors (cysLTRs) on their surface, at the plasma membrane. More recently, we identified the expression of cysLTRs in eosinophil granule membranes and demonstrated that cysLTs, acting via their granule membrane-expressed receptors, elicit secretion from cell-free human eosinophil granules. Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of cysLTs in eliciting eosinophil granule protein secretion. We discuss the intracrine and autocrine/paracrine secretory responses evoked by cysLTs in eosinophils and in cell-free extracellular eosinophil crystalloid granules. We also discuss the importance of this finding in eosinophil immunobiology and speculate on its potential role(s) in eosinophilic diseases.
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9
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Geering B, Stoeckle C, Conus S, Simon HU. Living and dying for inflammation: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:398-409. [PMID: 23665135 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils play essential roles during microbe-induced and sterile inflammation. The severity of such inflammatory processes is controlled, at least in part, by factors that regulate cell death and survival of granulocytes. In recent years, major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of granulocyte cell death and in identifying novel damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as regulatory cytokines impacting granulocyte viability. Furthermore, an increased interest in innate immunity has boosted our overall understanding of granulocyte biology. In this review, we describe and compare factors and mechanisms regulating neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil lifespan. Because dysregulation of death pathways in granulocytes can contribute to inflammation-associated immunopathology, targeting granulocyte lifespan could be therapeutically promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Geering
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 49, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Luna-Gomes T, Bozza PT, Bandeira-Melo C. Eosinophil recruitment and activation: the role of lipid mediators. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:27. [PMID: 23525348 PMCID: PMC3605515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are effector cells that migrate toward several mediators released at inflammatory sites to perform their multiple functions. The mechanisms driving eosinophil selective accumulation in sites of allergic inflammation are well-established and involve several steps controlled by adhesion molecules, priming agents, chemotactic, and surviving factors. Even though the majority of studies focused on role of protein mediators like IL-5 and eotaxins, lipid mediators also participate in eosinophil recruitment and activation. Among the lipid mediators with distinguish eosinophil recruitment and activation capabilities are platelet activating factor and the eicosanoids, including leukotriene B4, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. In this review, we focused on the role of these four lipid mediators in eosinophil recruitment and activation, since they are recognized as key mediators of eosinophilic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Instituto de Biofïsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Yin H, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Hou S, Li Z, Zhong H, Lu J, Meng T, Wang J, Xia L, Xu Y, Wu Y. Role of mitochondria in programmed cell death mediated by arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids. Mitochondrion 2012; 13:209-24. [PMID: 23063711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids from cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 are important lipid mediators involved in numerous homeostatic and pathophysiological processes. Most eicosanoids act primarily on their respective cell surface G-protein coupled receptors to elicit downstream signaling in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Emerging evidence indicates that these hormones are also critical in apoptosis in a cell/tissue specific manner. In this review, we summarize the formation of eicosanoids and their roles as mediators in apoptosis, specifically on the roles of mitochondria in mediating these events and the signaling pathways involved. The biological relevance of eicosanoid-mediated apoptosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism in Human Nutrition and Related Diseases, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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12
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Barcellos-de-Souza P, Canetti C, Barja-Fidalgo C, Arruda MA. Leukotriene B4 inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via NADPH oxidase activity: Redox control of NF-κB pathway and mitochondrial stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1990-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Sadik CD, Luster AD. Lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades orchestrate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 91:207-15. [PMID: 22058421 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0811402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractants are pivotal mediators of host defense, orchestrating the recruitment of immune cells into sites of infection and inflammation. Chemoattractants display vast chemical diversity and include bioactive lipids, proteolytic fragments of serum proteins, and chemokines (chemotactic cytokines). All chemoattractants induce chemotaxis by activating seven-transmembrane-spanning GPCRs expressed on immune cells, establishing the concept that all chemoattractants are related in function. However, although chemoattractants have overlapping functions in vitro, recent in vivo data have revealed that they function, in many cases, nonredundantly in vivo. The chemically diverse nature of chemoattractants contributes to the fine control of leukocyte trafficking in vivo, with sequential chemoattractant use guiding immune cell recruitment into inflammatory sites. Lipid mediators frequently function as initiators of leukocyte recruitment, attracting the first immune cells into tissues. These initial responding immune cells produce cytokines locally, which in turn, induce the local release of chemokines. Local chemokine production then markedly amplifies subsequent waves of leukocyte recruitment. These new discoveries establish a paradigm for leukocyte recruitment in inflammation--described as lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades--as a driving force in the effector phase of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Bäck M, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIV: Leukotriene Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Pathophysiological Functions. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:539-84. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Leitch AE, Riley NA, Sheldrake TA, Festa M, Fox S, Duffin R, Haslett C, Rossi AG. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor R-roscovitine down-regulates Mcl-1 to override pro-inflammatory signalling and drive neutrophil apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1127-38. [PMID: 20127676 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful resolution of inflammation requires inflammatory cells such as neutrophils to undergo apoptosis prior to non-inflammatory phagocytosis by professional phagocytes. Recently, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (e.g. R-roscovitine) have been shown to induce neutrophil apoptosis and enhance the resolution of inflammation. Interestingly, NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways and key endogenous survival proteins (typified by Mcl-1) are involved in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis and, in cancer-cell lines, have been implicated as possible targets of CDK inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that R-roscovitine over-rides TNF-alpha and LPS-induced survival (determined by morphological examination and binding of fluorescently labelled annexin-V) of isolated peripheral blood neutrophils. This effect did not appear to be mediated via effects on early markers of neutrophil activation (e.g. surface marker expression, shape change, aggregation and superoxide anion generation), by direct inhibition of NF-kappaB activation (assessed by cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha proteolysis and NF-kappaB p65 subunit translocation) and ERK activation (determined by specific ERK phosphorylation) but due to down-regulation (at protein and mRNA level) of the survival protein Mcl-1 but not the pro-apoptotic bcl-2 homologue Bim. These findings suggest that key endogenous survival proteins may be the targets of CDK inhibitors and consequently may be of critical importance in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Leitch
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Pilot study on recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS): a randomized placebo-controlled trial for the comparative therapeutic effects of systemic prednisone and systemic montelukast in subjects unresponsive to topical therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Beaufays J, Adam B, Menten-Dedoyart C, Fievez L, Grosjean A, Decrem Y, Prévôt PP, Santini S, Brasseur R, Brossard M, Vanhaeverbeek M, Bureau F, Heinen E, Lins L, Vanhamme L, Godfroid E. Ir-LBP, an ixodes ricinus tick salivary LTB4-binding lipocalin, interferes with host neutrophil function. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3987. [PMID: 19096526 PMCID: PMC2600610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During their blood meal, ticks secrete a wide variety of proteins that can interfere with their host's defense mechanisms. Among these proteins, lipocalins play a major role in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Methodology/Principal Findings We previously identified 14 new lipocalin genes in the tick Ixodes ricinus. One of them codes for a protein that specifically binds leukotriene B4 with a very high affinity (Kd: ±1 nM), similar to that of the neutrophil transmembrane receptor BLT1. By in silico approaches, we modeled the 3D structure of the protein and the binding of LTB4 into the ligand pocket. This protein, called Ir-LBP, inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and delays LTB4-induced apoptosis. Ir-LBP also inhibits the host inflammatory response in vivo by decreasing the number and activation of neutrophils located at the tick bite site. Thus, Ir-LBP participates in the tick's ability to interfere with proper neutrophil function in inflammation. Conclusions/Significance These elements suggest that Ir-LBP is a “scavenger” of LTB4, which, in combination with other factors, such as histamine-binding proteins or proteins inhibiting the classical or alternative complement pathways, permits the tick to properly manage its blood meal. Moreover, with regard to its properties, Ir-LBP could possibly be used as a therapeutic tool for illnesses associated with an increased LTB4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaufays
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoît Adam
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Catherine Menten-Dedoyart
- Institute of Human Histology, Department of Morphology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amélie Grosjean
- Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale (ULB 222 Unit), ISPPC Hopital André Vesale, Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Yves Decrem
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Paul Prévôt
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Santini
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Robert Brasseur
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Michel Brossard
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale (ULB 222 Unit), ISPPC Hopital André Vesale, Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ernst Heinen
- Institute of Human Histology, Department of Morphology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Edmond Godfroid
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Cristofanon S, Nuccitelli S, D'Alessio M, Dicato M, Diederich M, Ghibelli L. Oxidation-dependent maturation and survival of explanted blood monocytes via Bcl-2 up-regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1533-43. [PMID: 18765235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes isolated and cultured according to standard procedures from the blood of 22 healthy donors display an activation process, monitored as adhesion and increased exposure of CD11. Starting from very early time points, monocytes undergo a deep redox modulation, i.e., they increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and decrease glutathione content; at the same time, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is substantially up-regulated. The cause-effect relationship between these parameters was investigated. On the one side, pharmacological glutathione depletion with BSO further increases ROS formation and Bcl-2 levels. On the other side, scavenging of ROS by Trolox prevents Bcl-2 up-regulation. Two lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors (CAPE or AA861) prevent ROS increase and, accordingly, also prevent Bcl-2 up-regulation. All this evidence supports the redox-sensitivity of Bcl-2 regulation. Trolox, CAPE and AA861, i.e., all treatments that abolish ROS increase and prevent Bcl-2 up-regulation, increase the rate of cell loss, whereas BSO, increasing Bcl-2, reduces cell loss and induces chemo-resistance. Thus, explanted healthy monocytes seem to undergo an oxidation-dependent maturation implying increased survival via Bcl-2 up-regulation, perhaps mimicking physiological activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cristofanon
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Cheraim AB, Xavier-Elsas P, de Oliveira SHP, Batistella T, Russo M, Gaspar-Elsas MI, Cunha FQ. Leukotriene B4 is essential for selective eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge of CD4+ cells in a model of chronic eosinophilic inflammation. Life Sci 2008; 83:214-22. [PMID: 18601933 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous heat-coagulated egg white implants (EWI) induce chronic, intense local eosinophilia in mice, followed by asthma-like responses to airway ovalbumin challenge. Our goal was to define the mechanisms of selective eosinophil accumulation in the EWI model. EWI carriers were challenged i.p. with ovalbumin and the contributions of cellular immunity and inflammatory mediators to the resulting leukocyte accumulation were defined through cell transfer and pharmacological inhibition protocols. Eosinophil recruitment required Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II expression, and was abolished by the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist CP 105.696, the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor BWA4C and the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein inhibitor MK886. Eosinophil recruitment in EWI carriers followed transfer of: a) CD4+ (but not CD4-) cells, harvested from EWI donors and restimulated ex vivo; b) their cell-free supernatants, containing LTB4. Restimulation in the presence of MK886 was ineffective. CC chemokine receptor ligand (CCL)5 and CCL2 were induced by ovalbumin challenge in vivo. mRNA for CCL17 and CCL11 was induced in ovalbumin-restimulated CD4+ cells ex vivo. MK886 blocked induction of CCL17. Pretreatment of EWI carriers with MK886 eliminated the effectiveness of exogenously administered CCL11, CCL2 and CCL5. In conclusion, chemokine-producing, ovalbumin-restimulated CD4+ cells initiate eosinophil recruitment which is strictly dependent on LTB4 production.
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20
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Xu M, Scott JE, Liu KZ, Bishop HR, Renaud DE, Palmer RM, Soussi-Gounni A, Scott DA. The influence of nicotine on granulocytic differentiation - inhibition of the oxidative burst and bacterial killing and increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 release. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:19. [PMID: 18412948 PMCID: PMC2375863 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils leave the bone marrow as terminally differentiated cells, yet little is known of the influence of nicotine or other tobacco smoke components on neutrophil differentiation. Therefore, promyelocytic HL-60 cells were differentiated into neutrophils using dimethylsulfoxide in the presence and absence of nicotine (3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine). Differentiation was evaluated over 5 days by monitoring terminal differentiation markers (CD11b expression and formazan deposition); cell viability, growth phase, kinetics, and apoptosis; assessing cellular morphology and ultrastructure; and conformational changes to major cellular components. Key neutrophil effector functions (oxidative burst, bacterial killing, matrix metalloproteinase release) were also examined. Results Nicotine increased the percentage of cells in late differentiation phases (metamyelocytes, banded neutrophils and segmented neutrophils) compared to DMSO alone (p < 0.05), but did not affect any other marker of neutrophil differentiation examined. However, nicotine exposure during differentiation suppressed the oxidative burst in HL-60 cells (p < 0.001); inhibited bacterial killing (p < 0.01); and increased the LPS-induced release of MMP-9, but not MMP-2 (p < 0.05). These phenomena may be α-7-acetylcholine nicotinic receptor-dependent. Furthermore, smokers exhibited an increased MMP-9 burden compared to non-smokers in vivo (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings may partially explain the known increase in susceptibility to bacterial infection and neutrophil-associated destructive inflammatory diseases in individuals chronically exposed to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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21
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Whittle BJR, Varga C, Berko A, Horvath K, Posa A, Riley JP, Lundeen KA, Fourie AM, Dunford PJ. Attenuation of inflammation and cytokine production in rat colitis by a novel selective inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:983-91. [PMID: 18157165 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), formed by the sequential actions of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H), is a pro-inflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, inhibitors of 5-LO have not proved to be consistent in their therapeutic efficacy in colitis. Another approach to inhibiting LTB(4) synthesis is through the use of inhibitors of LTA(4)H, such as the novel, potent and selective compound, JNJ 26993135. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of oral administration of JNJ 26993135 has been evaluated in a rat model of colitis provoked by colonic instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). The extent and severity of the macroscopic inflammatory response, the colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and LTB(4) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. KEY RESULTS Oral administration of JNJ 26993135 (5, 15 and 30 mg kg(-1), twice a day) dose-dependently reduced both the extent and intensity of the colonic inflammatory damage observed 3 days after TNBS challenge. JNJ 26993135 also dose-dependently reduced the elevated colonic levels of LTB(4), as well as the inflammatory biomarkers, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This dosing regimen was supported by the pharmacokinetic profile of JNJ 26993135, along with the demonstration of the inhibition of ex vivo production of LTB(4) in whole blood following oral administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results with JNJ 26993135 in the rat TNBS model support the role of LTB(4) in colitis and the potential value of targeting LTA(4)H for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J R Whittle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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22
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Peres CM, Aronoff DM, Serezani CH, Flamand N, Faccioli LH, Peters-Golden M. Specific leukotriene receptors couple to distinct G proteins to effect stimulation of alveolar macrophage host defense functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5454-61. [PMID: 17911632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators implicated in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. LTB(4) and LTD(4) also participate in antimicrobial defense by stimulating phagocyte functions via ligation of B leukotriene type 1 (BLT1) receptor and cysteinyl LT type 1 (cysLT1) receptor, respectively. Although both Galpha(i) and Galpha(q) proteins have been shown to be coupled to both BLT1 and cysLT1 receptors in transfected cell systems, there is little known about specific G protein subunit coupling to LT receptors, or to other G protein-coupled receptors, in primary cells. In this study we sought to define the role of specific G proteins in pulmonary alveolar macrophage (AM) innate immune responses to LTB(4) and LTD(4). LTB(4) but not LTD(4) reduced cAMP levels in rat AM by a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive mechanism. Enhancement of FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis and bacterial killing by LTB(4) was also PTX-sensitive, whereas that induced by LTD(4) was not. LTD(4) and LTB(4) induced Ca(2+) and intracellular inositol monophosphate accumulation, respectively, highlighting the role of Galpha(q) protein in mediating PTX-insensitive LTD(4) enhancement of phagocytosis and microbicidal activity. Studies with liposome-delivered G protein blocking Abs indicated a dependency on specific Galpha(q/11) and Galpha(i3) subunits, but not Galpha(i2) or G(beta)gamma, in LTB(4)-enhanced phagocytosis. The selective importance of Galpha(q/11) protein was also demonstrated in LTD(4)-enhanced phagocytosis. The present investigation identifies differences in specific G protein subunit coupling to LT receptors in antimicrobial responses and highlights the importance of defining the specific G proteins coupled to heptahelical receptors in primary cells, rather than simply using heterologous expression systems.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/biosynthesis
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/biosynthesis
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/genetics
- GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Leukotriene B4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukotriene B4/physiology
- Leukotriene D4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukotriene D4/physiology
- Macrophage Activation/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Leukotriene/metabolism
- Receptors, Leukotriene/physiology
- Toxoids/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Peres
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Neurauter AA, Bonyhadi M, Lien E, Nøkleby L, Ruud E, Camacho S, Aarvak T. Cell isolation and expansion using Dynabeads. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 106:41-73. [PMID: 17680228 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of Dynabeads for cell isolation and expansion. Dynabeads are uniform polystyrene spherical beads that have been made magnetisable and superparamagnetic, meaning they are only magnetic in a magnetic field. Due to this property, the beads can easily be resuspended when the magnetic field is removed. The invention of Dynabeads made, by Professor John Ugelstad, has revolutionized the separation of many biological materials. For example, the attachment of target-specific antibodies to the surface of the beads allows capture and isolation of intact cells directly from a complex suspension such as blood. This is all accomplished under the influence of a simple magnetic field without the need for column separation techniques or centrifugation. In general, magnetic beads coated with specific antibodies can be used either for isolation or depletion of various cell types. Positive or negative cell isolation can be performed depending on the nature of the starting sample, the cell surface markers and the downstream application in question. Positive cell isolation is the method of choice for unprocessed samples, such as whole blood, and for downstream molecular applications. Positive cell isolation can also be used for any downstream application after detachment and removal of the beads. Negative cell isolation is the method of choice when it is critical that cells of interest remain untouched, i.e., no antibodies have been bound to any cell surface markers on the cells of interest. Some cell populations can only be defined by multiple cell surface markers. Such populations of cells can be isolated by the combination of negative and positive cell isolation. By coupling Dynabeads with antibodies directed against cell surface activation molecules, the beads can be used both for isolation and expansion of the cells. Dynabeads are currently used in two major clinical applications: 1) In the Isolex 300i Magnetic Cell Selection System for CD34 Stem Cell Isolation--2) For ex vivo T cell isolation and expansion using Dynabeads ClinExVivo CD3/CD28 for clinical trials in novel adoptive immunotherapy.
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Kankaanranta H, Zhang X, Tumelius R, Ruotsalainen M, Haikala H, Nissinen E, Moilanen E. Antieosinophilic activity of simendans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:31-8. [PMID: 17620456 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.124057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simendans are novel agents used in the treatment of decompensated heart failure. They sensitize troponin C to calcium and open ATP-sensitive potassium channels and have been shown to reduce cardiac myocyte apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether simendans reduce pulmonary eosinophilia and regulate eosinophil apoptosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia was evaluated in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Effects of simendans on apoptosis in isolated human eosinophils were assessed by relative DNA fragmentation assay, annexin V-binding, and morphological analysis. Dextrosimendan [(+)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl)hydrazono]propanedinitrile] reduced ovalbumin-induced BAL-eosinophilia in sensitized mice. Levosimendan [(-)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)phenyl]hydrazono]propanedinitrile] and dextrosimendan reversed interleukin (IL)-5-afforded survival of human eosinophils by inducing apoptosis in vitro. Even high concentrations of IL-5 were not able to overcome the effect of dextrosimendan. Dextrosimendan further enhanced spontaneous apoptosis as well as that induced by CD95 ligation, without inducing primary necrosis. Dextrosimendan-induced DNA fragmentation was shown to be dependent on caspase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated kinase, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels seemed to play no role in its actions. Taken together, our results show that simendans possess antieosinophilic activity and may be useful for the treatment of eosinophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Kankaanranta
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland.
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Oh E, Thurmond DC. The stimulus-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Munc18c facilitates vesicle exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:17624-34. [PMID: 16638745 PMCID: PMC2396333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601581200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulus-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Munc18c was investigated as a potential regulatory mechanism by which the Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complex can be dissociated in response to divergent stimuli in multiple cell types. Use of [(32)P]orthophosphate incorporation, pervanadate treatment, and phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies demonstrated that Munc18c underwent tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation was apparent under basal conditions, but levels were significantly increased within 5 min of glucose stimulation in MIN6 beta cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Munc18c was also detected in 3T3L1 adipocytes and increased with insulin stimulation, suggesting that this may be a conserved mechanism. Syntaxin 4 binding to Munc18c decreased as Munc18c phosphorylation levels increased in pervanadate-treated cells, suggesting that phosphorylation dissociates the Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complex. Munc18c phosphorylation was localized to the N-terminal 255 residues. Mutagenesis of one residue in this region, Y219F, significantly increased the affinity of Munc18c for Syntaxin 4, whereas mutation of three other candidate sites was without effect. Moreover, Munc18c-Y219F expression in MIN6 cells functionally inhibited glucose-stimulated SNARE complex formation and insulin granule exocytosis. These data support a novel and conserved mechanism for the dissociation of Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complexes in a stimulus-dependent manner to facilitate the increase in Syntaxin 4-VAMP2 association and to promote vesicle/granule fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Diabetes Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 4053, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Tel.: 317−274−1551; Fax: 317−274−4686; E-mail:
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Schmidt-Ioanas M, Pletz MWR, de Roux A, Lode H. Apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils in COPD exacerbation does not correlate with serum cytokines. Respir Med 2005; 100:639-47. [PMID: 16199149 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the relationship between apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the inflammatory response that characterises this condition. Twenty-six hospitalised patients with COPD exacerbation and 13 controls were included. Three sequential blood and sputum samples were obtained from patients at admission, after 3 days and at discharge. Blood apoptotic neutrophils were measured by flow-cytometry and light microscopy. Serum and sputum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were determined by an immunoassay technique. We found a significantly reduced percentage of apoptotic neutrophils at the onset of COPD exacerbation which increased over time (1.1+/-0.4% at admission vs. 2.4+/-0.4% at discharge, P<0.0001). Patients presented no changes in serum cytokines neither during exacerbation nor in comparison to controls. In contrast, sputum levels of cytokines were significantly increased compared to serum levels. There was no significant correlation between the apoptotic neutrophils and the cytokine concentrations in serum or sputum. None of the clinical parameters, such as smoking, microbial infection, corticosteroids or hypoxemia showed a correlation with neutrophil apoptosis. No relationship could be found between the reduced percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in blood and serum concentration of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha or other clinical parameters in patients with COPD exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina Schmidt-Ioanas
- Department of Chest and Infectious Diseases, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Zum Heckeshorn 33, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
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Coffey MJ, Phare SM, Peters-Golden M. Role of leukotrienes in killing of Mycobacterium bovis by neutrophils. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 71:185-90. [PMID: 15253889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil (PMN) plays an important role in the phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. Pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LT) play an important role in various disease states. However LT elaborated by PMN have also been shown to be important in host defense, specifically phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. Defective LT synthesis by phagocytes correlates with their reduced anti-microbial activity. Therefore, we determined if LT played an important role in the killing of Mycobacteria bovis (M. bovis) by PMN. Endogenous LT play a role in the killing of mycobacteria since the LT synthesis inhibitor MK-886 reversed the killing of M. bovis by PMN. Increased synthesis of LT occurred following incubation of PMN with M. bovis. Treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, which augments PMN LT synthesis, also boosted anti-microbial activity. Furthermore, exogenous LTB4 augmented dose-dependent killing of M. bovis by PMN. In conclusion, LT play a vital role in promoting mycobactericidal actions of PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Coffey
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA.
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