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Scianna M. Selected aspects of avascular tumor growth reproduced by a hybrid model of cell dynamics and chemical kinetics. Math Biosci 2024; 370:109168. [PMID: 38408698 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
We here propose a hybrid computational framework to reproduce and analyze aspects of the avascular progression of a generic solid tumor. Our method first employs an individual-based approach to represent the population of tumor cells, which are distinguished in viable and necrotic agents. The active part of the disease is in turn differentiated according to a set of metabolic states. We then describe the spatio-temporal evolution of the concentration of oxygen and of tumor-secreted proteolytic enzymes using partial differential equations (PDEs). A differential equation finally governs the local degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by the malignant mass. Numerical realizations of the model are run to reproduce tumor growth and invasion in a number scenarios that differ for cell properties (adhesiveness, duplication potential, proteolytic activity) and/or environmental conditions (level of tissue oxygenation and matrix density pattern). In particular, our simulations suggest that tumor aggressiveness, in terms of invasive depth and extension of necrotic tissue, can be reduced by (i) stable cell-cell contact interactions, (ii) poor tendency of malignant agents to chemotactically move upon oxygen gradients, and (iii) presence of an overdense matrix, if coupled by a disrupted proteolytic activity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scianna
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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2
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Öğünç Keçeci Y, İncesu Z. Aglycemia induces apoptosis under hypoxic conditions in A549 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3983. [PMID: 38493450 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Many of the cancer cells produce energy with accelerated glycolysis and perform lactic acid production even under normoxic conditions called the "Warburg effect". Metabolism can directly or indirectly regulate the apoptotic mechanism so that cancer cells take advantage of reprogrammed metabolism to avoid apoptosis. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanism of apoptosis by incubating human lung carcinoma cells (A549) under different metabolic conditions in hypoxia or normoxia environments. A549 cells were incubated in the normoxic or hypoxic condition that contained 5 mM glucose (Glc 5), 25 mM glucose (Glc 25), or 10 mM galactose (OXPHOS/aglycemic), and the mechanism of apoptosis was investigated. In the hypoxia condition, the rate of early apoptosis in aglycemic OXPHOS cells was increased (15.5% ±7.1). In addition, the activity of caspase-3 (6.1% ± 0.9), caspase-9 (30.4% ± 0.9), and cytochrome c expression level increased; however, the mitochondrial membrane potential (51.9% ± 0.4) was found to be decreased. Changing the amount of oxygen in glycolytic cells had no effect on apoptosis. However, it has been determined that apoptosis is stimulated under hypoxia conditions in aglycemic cells in which galactose is used instead of glucose. Considering that the majority of cancer cells are hypoxic, these data are important in determining targets in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüksel Öğünç Keçeci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zerrin İncesu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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3
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Michelucci A, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Hypoxia, Ion Channels and Glioblastoma Malignancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1742. [PMID: 38136613 PMCID: PMC10742235 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, strongly correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas within the tumor mass. Oxygen levels have been shown to control several critical aspects of tumor aggressiveness, such as migration/invasion and cell death resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. GBM cells express abundant K+ and Cl- channels, whose activity supports cell volume and membrane potential changes, critical for cell proliferation, migration and death. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), which mediate the swelling-activated Cl- current, and the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are both functionally upregulated in GBM cells, where they control different aspects underlying GBM malignancy/aggressiveness. The functional expression/activity of both VRAC and BK channels are under the control of the oxygen levels, and these regulations are involved in the hypoxia-induced GBM cell aggressiveness. The present review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature supporting the role of these two channels in the hypoxia-mediated GBM malignancy, suggesting them as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | | | | | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
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4
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Riviere-Cazaux C, Carlstrom LP, Rajani K, Munoz-Casabella A, Rahman M, Gharibi-Loron A, Brown DA, Miller KJ, White JJ, Himes BT, Jusue-Torres I, Ikram S, Ransom SC, Hirte R, Oh JH, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN, Vaubel RA, Rodriguez M, Warrington AE, Kizilbash SH, Burns TC. Blood-brain barrier disruption defines the extracellular metabolome of live human high-grade gliomas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:653. [PMID: 37340056 PMCID: PMC10281947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment modulates glioma behaviour. It remains unknown if blood-brain barrier disruption merely reflects or functionally supports glioma aggressiveness. We utilised intra-operative microdialysis to sample the extracellular metabolome of radiographically diverse regions of gliomas and evaluated the global extracellular metabolome via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Among 162 named metabolites, guanidinoacetate (GAA) was 126.32x higher in enhancing tumour than in adjacent brain. 48 additional metabolites were 2.05-10.18x more abundant in enhancing tumour than brain. With exception of GAA, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutant gliomas, differences between non-enhancing tumour and brain microdialysate were modest and less consistent. The enhancing, but not the non-enhancing glioma metabolome, was significantly enriched for plasma-associated metabolites largely comprising amino acids and carnitines. Our findings suggest that metabolite diffusion through a disrupted blood-brain barrier may largely define the enhancing extracellular glioma metabolome. Future studies will determine how the altered extracellular metabolome impacts glioma behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karishma Rajani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Desmond A Brown
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaclyn J White
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin T Himes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Samar Ikram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seth C Ransom
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Renee Hirte
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Arthur E Warrington
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Strecker M, Wlotzka K, Strassheimer F, Roller B, Ludmirski G, König S, Röder J, Opitz C, Alekseeva T, Reul J, Sevenich L, Tonn T, Wels W, Steinbach J, Buchholz C, Burger M. AAV-mediated gene transfer of a checkpoint inhibitor in combination with HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells as experimental therapy for glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2127508. [PMID: 36249274 PMCID: PMC9559045 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2127508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary brain tumor, which is characterized by low immunogenicity of tumor cells and prevalent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeted local combination immunotherapy is a promising strategy to overcome these obstacles. Here, we evaluated tumor-cell specific delivery of an anti-PD-1 immunoadhesin (aPD-1) via a targeted adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) as well as HER2-specific NK-92/5.28.z (anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92) cells as components for a combination immunotherapy. In co-culture experiments, target-activated anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cells modified surrounding tumor cells and bystander immune cells by triggering the release of inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of PD-L1. Tumor cell-specific delivery of aPD-1 was achieved by displaying a HER2-specific designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) on the AAV surface. HER2-AAV mediated gene transfer into GB cells correlated with HER2 expression levels, without inducing anti-viral responses in transduced cells. Furthermore, AAV-transduction did not interfere with anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. After selective transduction of HER2+ cells, aPD-1 expression was detected at the mRNA and protein level. The aPD-1 immunoadhesin was secreted in a time-dependent manner, bound its target on PD-1-expressing cells and was able to re-activate T cells by efficiently disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Moreover, high intratumoral and low systemic aPD-1 concentrations were achieved following local injection of HER2-AAV into orthotopic tumor grafts in vivo. aPD-1 was selectively produced in tumor tissue and could be detected up to 10 days after a single HER2-AAV injection. In subcutaneous GL261-HER2 and Tu2449-HER2 immunocompetent mouse models, administration of the combination therapy significantly prolonged survival, including complete tumor control in several animals in the GL261-HER2 model. In summary, local therapy with aPD-1 encoding HER2-AAVs in combination with anti-HER2.CAR/NK-92 cells may be a promising novel strategy for GB immunotherapy with the potential to enhance efficacy and reduce systemic side effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.I. Strecker
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K. Wlotzka
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F. Strassheimer
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B. Roller
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G. Ludmirski
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S. König
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Röder
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. Opitz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Alekseeva
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Reul
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Langen, Germany
| | - L. Sevenich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T. Tonn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W.S. Wels
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J.P. Steinbach
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C.J. Buchholz
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Langen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M.C. Burger
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Sun L, Gao W, Liu J, Wang J, Li L, Yu H, Xu ZP. O 2-Supplying Nanozymes Alleviate Hypoxia and Deplete Lactate to Eliminate Tumors and Activate Antitumor Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56644-56657. [PMID: 36515637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct hypoxia alleviation and lactate depletion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are promising for effective cancer therapy but still very challenging. To address this challenge, the current research directly reshapes the TME for inhibiting tumor growth and activating the antitumor immunity using a drug-free nanozyme. Herein, the acid-sensitive nanozymes were constructed based on peroxidized layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for O2 self-supply and self-boosted lactate depletion. The coloading of partially cross-linked catalase and lactate oxidase enabled the acid-sensitive nanozymes to promote three reactions, that is, (1) H2O2 generation from MgO2 hydrolysis (30% at pH 7.4 vs 63% at pH 6.0 in 8 h); (2) O2 generation from H2O2 (12% at pH 7.4 vs 21% at pH 6.0 in 2 h); and (3) lactate depletion by in situ generated O2 (50% under hypoxia vs 75% under normoxia in 24 h in vitro) in parallel or tandem. These promoted reactions together efficiently induced colon cancer cell apoptosis under the hypoxic conditions, significantly inhibited tumor growth (>95%), and suppressed distant tumor growth upon seven administrations in every 3 days and moreover transformed the immunosuppressive tumor into "hot" one in the colon tumor-bearing mouse model. This is the first example for a nanozyme that supplies sufficient O2 for hypoxia relief and lactate depletion, thus providing a new insight into drug-free nanomaterial-mediated TME-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072Australia
| | - Wendong Gao
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4059, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072Australia
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072Australia
| | - Haijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072Australia
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7
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Bouhamida E, Morciano G, Perrone M, Kahsay AE, Della Sala M, Wieckowski MR, Fiorica F, Pinton P, Giorgi C, Patergnani S. The Interplay of Hypoxia Signaling on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020300. [PMID: 35205167 PMCID: PMC8869508 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The regulation of hypoxia has recently emerged as having a central impact in mitochondrial function and dysfunction in various diseases, including the major disorders threatening worldwide: cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Despite the studies in this matter, its effective role in protection and disease progression even though its direct molecular mechanism in both disorders is still to be elucidated. This review aims to cover the current knowledge about the effect of hypoxia on mitochondrial function and dysfunction, and inflammation, in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and reports further therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of hypoxic pathways. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer continue to be the primary cause of mortality worldwide and their pathomechanisms are a complex and multifactorial process. Insufficient oxygen availability (hypoxia) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of both CVDs and cancer diseases, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), the main sensor of hypoxia, acts as a central regulator of multiple target genes in the human body. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mitochondria are the major target of hypoxic injury, the most common source of reactive oxygen species during hypoxia and key elements for inflammation regulation during the development of both CVDs and cancer. Taken together, observations propose that hypoxia, mitochondrial abnormality, oxidative stress, inflammation in CVDs, and cancer are closely linked. Based upon these facts, this review aims to deeply discuss these intimate relationships and to summarize current significant findings corroborating the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Asrat E. Kahsay
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Mario Della Sala
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, AULSS 9 Scaligera, Ospedale Mater Salutis di Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.B.); (G.M.); (M.P.); (A.E.K.); (M.D.S.); (P.P.)
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48022 Cotignola, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (S.P.)
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8
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Nguyen TTT, Shang E, Westhoff MA, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD. Methodological Approaches for Assessing Metabolomic Changes in Glioblastomas. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2445:305-328. [PMID: 34973000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2071-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant primary brain tumor, inevitably leads to death. In the last decade, a variety of novel molecular characteristics of GBMs were unraveled. The identification of the mutation in the IDH1 and less commonly IDH2 gene was surprising and ever since has nurtured research in the field of GBM metabolism. While initially thought that mutated IDH1 were to act as a loss of function mutation it became clear that it conferred the production of an oncometabolite that in turn substantially reprograms GBM metabolism. While mutated IDH1 represents truly the tip of the iceberg, there are numerous other related observations in GBM that are of significant interest to the field, including the notion that oxidative metabolism appears to play a more critical role than believed earlier. Metabolic zoning is another important hallmark of GBM since it was found that the infiltrative margin that drives GBM progression reveals enrichment of fatty acid derivatives. Consistently, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a novel therapeutic target for GBM. How metabolism in GBM intersects is another pivotal issue that appears to be important for its progression and response and resistance to therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant findings related to GBM metabolism and cell death and how these observations are influencing the field. We will provide current approaches that are applied in the field to measure metabolomic changes in GBM models, including the detection of unlabeled and labeled metabolites as well as extracellular flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Enyuan Shang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Silencing LINC00294 Restores Mitochondrial Function and Inhibits Apoptosis of Glioma Cells under Hypoxia via the miR-21-5p/CASKIN1/cAMP Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8240015. [PMID: 34777696 PMCID: PMC8580631 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8240015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a type of malignant intracranial tumor. Extensive research has identified the participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioma progression. This study investigated the mechanism of LINC00294 in mitochondrial function and glioma cell apoptosis. Glioma miRNA and mRNA microarray datasets were obtained, and differentially expressed lncRNAs in glioma were screened through various databases. The LINC00294 expression in glioma patients and glioma cells was detected. Glioma cells were treated under hypoxic conditions and transfected with LINC00294 silencing. The apoptosis and mitochondrial function of glioma cells were measured. The expressions of and relations among miR-21-5p, CASKIN1, and cAMP in glioma cells were analyzed. Under hypoxic conditions and LINC00294 silencing, the apoptosis and mitochondrial function of glioma cells were detected after inhibiting miR-21-5p or overexpressing CASKIN1. Our results indicated that LINC00294 was downregulated in glioma. LINC00294 silencing inhibited glioma cell apoptosis under hypoxia. LINC00294 silencing reversed the inhibition of hypoxia on mitochondrial function under hypoxia. LINC00294 promoted the CASKIN1 expression by sponging miR-21-5p and activated the cAMP pathway. Inhibition of miR-21-5p or overexpression of CASKIN1 annulled the effects of LINC00294 silencing on mitochondrial function and glioma cell apoptosis under hypoxia. In conclusion, LINC00294 elevated the CASKIN1 expression by sponging miR-21-5p and activating the cAMP signaling pathway, thus inhibiting mitochondrial function and facilitating glioma cell apoptosis.
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10
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Activating transcription factor 4 mediates adaptation of human glioblastoma cells to hypoxia and temozolomide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14161. [PMID: 34239013 PMCID: PMC8266821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a central cellular adaptive program that is activated by diverse stressors including ER stress, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation to orchestrate responses via activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). We hypothesized that ATF4 is essential for the adaptation of human glioblastoma (GB) cells to the conditions of the tumor microenvironment and is contributing to therapy resistance against chemotherapy. ATF4 induction in GB cells was modulated pharmacologically and genetically and investigated in the context of temozolomide treatment as well as glucose and oxygen deprivation. The relevance of the ISR was analyzed by cell death and metabolic measurements under conditions to approximate aspects of the GB microenvironment. ATF4 protein levels were induced by temozolomide treatment. In line, ATF4 gene suppressed GB cells (ATF4sh) displayed increased cell death and decreased survival after temozolomide treatment. Similar results were observed after treatment with the ISR inhibitor ISRIB. ATF4sh and ISRIB treated GB cells were sensitized to hypoxia-induced cell death. Our experimental study provides evidence for an important role of ATF4 for the adaptation of human GB cells to conditions of the tumor microenvironment characterized by low oxygen and nutrient availability and for the development of temozolomide resistance. Inhibiting the ISR in GB cells could therefore be a promising therapeutic approach.
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11
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Dutta SP, Neog K, Alam A. Transmission electron microscopy of the liver mitochondria of N-Nitrosodibutylamine-treated mice. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2832-2836. [PMID: 34048103 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodibutylamine (DBN) has been found in a wide variety of products because of the nitrosation of amines present in these products. An extensive series of synthesis and carcinogenicity studies of various compounds related to DBN and its metabolites have revealed that they have markedly different carcinogenic effects. The role of mitochondria in disease has been found to be expanded beyond the respiratory chain, as defects in additional mitochondrial functions and behaviors have been linked to cancer, metabolic disorders, and many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease (Nunnari & Suomalainen (2012) Cell, 148, 1145-1159). The sample preparation was performed using the protocol standardized by Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF) laboratory in NEHU. The prepared sample was then mounted and observed under the transmission electron microscope model JEM-100 CC II. The micrographs obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at various magnifications 2,000, 5,000, and 12,000× from DBN-treated mice showed significant changes. Mitochondria showed variability in number, size, and shape. This significant alteration in the morphology and population of liver mitochondria observed in DBN-treated animals in comparison to that of the age-matched normal control mice provide a unique potential for the use of mitochondria as markers for the early detection for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anis Alam
- North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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12
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Catacuzzeno L, Sforna L, Esposito V, Limatola C, Franciolini F. Ion Channels in Glioma Malignancy. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:223-267. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Butner JD, Fuentes D, Ozpolat B, Calin GA, Zhou X, Lowengrub J, Cristini V, Wang Z. A Multiscale Agent-Based Model of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:1450-1461. [PMID: 31603768 PMCID: PMC8445608 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2938485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE we present a multiscale agent-based model of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) in order to gain a detailed understanding of the cell-scale population dynamics, phenotypic distributions, and the associated interplay of important molecular signaling pathways that are involved in DCIS ductal invasion into the duct cavity (a process we refer to as duct advance rate here). METHODS DCIS is modeled mathematically through a hybridized discrete cell-scale model and a continuum molecular scale model, which are explicitly linked through a bidirectional feedback mechanism. RESULTS we find that duct advance rates occur in two distinct phases, characterized by an early exponential population expansion, followed by a long-term steady linear phase of population expansion, a result that is consistent with other modeling work. We further found that the rates were influenced most strongly by endocrine and paracrine signaling intensity, as well as by the effects of cell density induced quiescence within the DCIS population. CONCLUSION our model analysis identified a complex interplay between phenotypic diversity that may provide a tumor adaptation mechanism to overcome proliferation limiting conditions, allowing for dynamic shifts in phenotypic populations in response to variation in molecular signaling intensity. Further, sensitivity analysis determined DCIS axial advance rates and calcification rates were most sensitive to cell cycle time variation. SIGNIFICANCE this model may serve as a useful tool to study the cell-scale dynamics involved in DCIS initiation and intraductal invasion, and may provide insights into promising areas of future experimental research.
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14
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Stoner MW, McTiernan CF, Scott I, Manning JR. Calreticulin expression in human cardiac myocytes induces ER stress-associated apoptosis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14400. [PMID: 32323496 PMCID: PMC7177173 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of heart failure following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a growing problem. One pathway that is key to understanding the progression of myocardial infarction and IR injury is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which contributes to apoptosis signaling and tissue death. The role of calreticulin in the progression of ER stress remains controversial. We hypothesized that calreticulin induction drives proapoptotic signaling in response to ER stress. We find here that calreticulin is upregulated in human ischemic heart failure cardiac tissue, as well as simulated hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) and thapsigargin-mediated ER stress. To test the impact of direct modulation of calreticulin expression on ER stress-induced apoptosis, human cardiac-derived AC16 cells with stable overexpression or silencing of calreticulin were subjected to thapsigargin treatment, and markers of apoptosis were evaluated. It was found that overexpression of calreticulin promotes apoptosis, while a partial knockdown protects against the expression of caspase 12, CHOP, and reduces thapsigargin-driven TUNEL staining. These data shed light on the role that calreticulin plays in apoptosis signaling during ER stress in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Stoner
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineVascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineCenter for Metabolism and Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineVascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineCenter for Metabolism and Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Iain Scott
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineVascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineCenter for Metabolism and Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Janet R. Manning
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineVascular Medicine InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineCenter for Metabolism and Mitochondrial MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
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15
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Engel AL, Lorenz NI, Klann K, Münch C, Depner C, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW, Luger AL. Serine-dependent redox homeostasis regulates glioblastoma cell survival. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1391-1398. [PMID: 32203214 PMCID: PMC7188854 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amino acid serine is an important substrate for biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. We investigated whether glioblastoma (GBM) cells are dependent on serine for survival under conditions of the tumour microenvironment. Methods Serine availability in GBM cells was modulated pharmacologically, genetically and by adjusting serine and glycine concentrations in the culture medium. Cells were investigated for regulation of serine metabolism, proliferation, sensitivity to hypoxia-induced cell death and redox homeostasis. Results Hypoxia-induced expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and the mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) was observed in three of five tested glioma cell lines. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 2 activation also induced PHGDH and SHMT2 expression in GBM cells. Low levels of endogenous PHGDH as well as PHGDH gene suppression resulted in serine dependency for cell growth. Pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH with CBR-5884 reduced proliferation and sensitised cells profoundly to hypoxia-induced cell death. This effect was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Similarly, hypoxia-induced cell death was enhanced by PHGDH gene suppression and reduced by PHGDH overexpression. Conclusions Serine facilitates adaptation of GBM cells to conditions of the tumour microenvironment and its metabolism could be a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Engel
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Depner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Barialai L, Strecker MI, Luger AL, Jäger M, Bruns I, Sittig ACM, Mildenberger IC, Heller SM, Delaidelli A, Lorenz NI, Voss M, Ronellenfitsch MW, Steinbach JP, Burger MC. AMPK activation protects astrocytes from hypoxia‑induced cell death. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1385-1396. [PMID: 32323755 PMCID: PMC7138264 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor that is activated by an increase in the AMP/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. This causes the initiation of adaptive cellular programs, leading to the inhibition of anabolic pathways and increasing ATP synthesis. AMPK indirectly inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), a serine/threonine kinase and central regulator of cell growth and metabolism, which integrates various growth inhibitory signals, such as the depletion of glucose, amino acids, ATP and oxygen. While neuroprotective approaches by definition focus on neurons, that are more sensitive under cell stress conditions, astrocytes play an important role in the cerebral energy homeostasis during ischemia. Therefore, the protection of astrocytic cells or other glial cells may contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and function. In the present study, it was thus hypothesized that a preventive induction of energy deprivation-activated signaling pathways via AMPK may protect astrocytes from hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Hypoxia-induced cell death was measured in a paradigm of hypoxia and partial glucose deprivation in vitro in the immortalized human astrocytic cell line SVG. Both the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and the AMPK activator A-769662 induced the phosphorylation of AMPK, resulting in mTORC1 inhibition, as evidenced by a decrease in the phosphorylation of the target ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Treatment with both 2DG and A-769662 also decreased glucose consumption and lactate production. Furthermore, A-769662, but not 2DG induced an increase in oxygen consumption, possibly indicating a more efficient glucose utilization through oxidative phosphorylation. Hypoxia-induced cell death was profoundly reduced by treatment with 2DG or A-769662. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate, that AMPK activation via 2DG or A-769662 protects astrocytes under hypoxic and glucose-depleted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Barialai
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maja I Strecker
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Jäger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main
| | - Ines Bruns
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alina C M Sittig
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris C Mildenberger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja M Heller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael C Burger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Ye Z, Liu W, Zhuo Q, Hu Q, Liu M, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Fan G, Xu W, Ji S, Yu X, Qin Y, Xu X. Ferroptosis: Final destination for cancer? Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12761. [PMID: 32100402 PMCID: PMC7106955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently defined, non‐apoptotic, regulated cell death (RCD) process that comprises abnormal metabolism of cellular lipid oxides catalysed by iron ions or iron‐containing enzymes. In this process, a variety of inducers destroy the cell redox balance and produce a large number of lipid peroxidation products, eventually triggering cell death. However, in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics, ferroptosis is quite different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy‐dependent cell death and other RCD processes. A growing number of studies suggest that the relationship between ferroptosis and cancer is extremely complicated and that ferroptosis promises to be a novel approach for the cancer treatment. This article primarily focuses on the mechanism of ferroptosis and discusses the potential application of ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Karsch-Bluman A, Benny O. Necrosis in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Role in Cancer Recurrence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:89-98. [PMID: 32030649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer recurrence is one of the most imminent problems in the current world of medicine, and it is responsible for most of the cancer-related death rates worldwide. Long-term administration of anticancer cytotoxic drugs may act as a double-edged sword, as necrosis may lead to renewed cancer progression and treatment resistance. The lack of nutrients, coupled with the induced hypoxia, triggers cell death and secretion of signals that affect the tumor niche. Many efforts have been made to better understand the contribution of hypoxia and metabolic stress to cancer progression and resistance, but mostly with respect to inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the direct anticancer effects of necrotic signals, which are not necessarily mediated by inflammation and the role of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) on the formation of a pro-cancerous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Karsch-Bluman
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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19
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Hypoxia and EGF Stimulation Regulate VEGF Expression in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Cells by Differential Regulation of the PI3K/Rho-GTPase and MAPK Pathways. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111397. [PMID: 31698752 PMCID: PMC6912653 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and deadly cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the presence of hypoxic regions, especially in the core, leading to an increase in vascularity. This increased vascularization is driven by the expression of the major angiogenic inducer VEGF and the indirect angiogenic inducer Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which stimulates VEGF expression. In this study, we examine the regulation of VEGF by both hypoxia and the EGF signaling pathway. We also examine the involvement of pathways downstream from EGF signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/RhoA/C (PI3K/RhoA/C) pathway in this regulation. Our results show that VEGF expression and secretion levels increase following either hypoxia or EGF stimulation, with the two stimuli signaling in parallel. We also observed an increase in ERK and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, in response to EGF stimulation, with kinetics that correlated with the kinetics of the effect on VEGF. Using pharmacological inhibitors against ERK and PI3K and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against RhoA and RhoC, we found that both the ERK and the PI3K/RhoA/C pathways have to cooperate in order to lead to an increase in VEGF expression, downstream from EGF. In response to hypoxia, however, only ERK was involved in the regulation of VEGF. Hypoxia also led to a surprising decrease in the activation of PI3K and RhoA/C. Finally, the decrease in the activation of these Rho-GTPases was found to be mediated through a hypoxia-driven overexpression of the Rho-GTPase GTPase activating protein (GAP), StarD13. Therefore, while under normoxic conditions, EGF stimulates the activation of both the PI3K and the MAPK pathways and the induction of VEGF, in glioblastoma cells, hypoxic conditions lead to the suppression of the PI3K/RhoA/C pathway and an exclusive switch to the MAPK pathway.
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20
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Rodríguez-Barbeito P, Díaz-Botana P, Gago-Arias A, Feijoo M, Neira S, Guiu-Souto J, López-Pouso Ó, Gómez-Caamaño A, Pardo-Montero J. A Model of Indirect Cell Death Caused by Tumor Vascular Damage after High-Dose Radiotherapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6044-6053. [PMID: 31641030 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that high doses of radiotherapy, like those delivered in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), trigger indirect mechanisms of cell death. Such effect seems to be two-fold. High doses may trigger an immune response and may cause vascular damage, leading to cell starvation and death. Development of mathematical response models, including indirect death, may help clinicians to design SBRT optimal schedules. Despite increasing experimental literature on indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular damage, efforts on modeling this effect have been limited. In this work, we present a biomathematical model of this effect. In our model, tumor oxygenation is obtained by solving the reaction-diffusion equation; radiotherapy kills tumor cells according to the linear-quadratic model, and also endothelial cells (EC), which can trigger loss of functionality of capillaries. Capillary death will affect tumor oxygenation, driving nearby tumor cells into severe hypoxia. Capillaries can recover functionality due to EC proliferation. Tumor cells entering a predetermined severe hypoxia status die according to a hypoxia-death model. This model fits recently published experimental data showing the effect of vascular damage on surviving fractions. It fits surviving fraction curves and qualitatively reproduces experimental values of percentages of functional capillaries 48 hours postirradiation, and hypoxic cells pre- and 48 hours postirradiation. This model is useful for exploring aspects of tumor and EC response to radiotherapy and constitutes a stepping stone toward modeling indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular damage and accounting for this effect during SBRT planning. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel biomathematical model of indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular radiation damage could potentially help clinicians interpret experimental data and design better radiotherapy schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-Barbeito
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz-Botana
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Galician Supercomputation Center (CESGA), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Araceli Gago-Arias
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Manuel Feijoo
- Department of Particle Physics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Neira
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Guiu-Souto
- Department of Medical Physics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Medical Physics, Fundación Centro Oncolóxico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Óscar López-Pouso
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiotherapy, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Pardo-Montero
- Group of Medical Physics and Biomathematics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Department of Medical Physics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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21
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Riegman M, Bradbury MS, Overholtzer M. Population Dynamics in Cell Death: Mechanisms of Propagation. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:558-568. [PMID: 31474361 PMCID: PMC7310667 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell death can occur through numerous regulated mechanisms that are categorized by their molecular machineries and differing effects on physiology. Apoptosis and necrosis, for example, have opposite effects on tissue inflammation due to their different modes of execution. Another feature that can distinguish different forms of cell death is that they have distinct intrinsic effects on the cell populations in which they occur. For example, a regulated mechanism of necrosis called ferroptosis has the unusual ability to spread between cells in a wave-like manner, thereby eliminating entire cell populations. Here we discuss the ways in which cell death can propagate between cells in normal physiology and disease, as well as the potential exploitation of cell death propagation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Riegman
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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22
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Jreige M, Letovanec I, Chaba K, Renaud S, Rusakiewicz S, Cristina V, Peters S, Krueger T, de Leval L, Kandalaft LE, Nicod-Lalonde M, Romero P, Prior JO, Coukos G, Schaefer N. 18F-FDG PET metabolic-to-morphological volume ratio predicts PD-L1 tumour expression and response to PD-1 blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1859-1868. [PMID: 31214790 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can restore tumour-specific T-cell immunity and is an emerging therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the correlation between 18F-FDG PET/CT-based markers and tumour tissue expression of PD-L1, necrosis and clinical outcome in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor treatment. METHODS PD-Li expression in biopsy or resection specimens from 49 patients with confirmed NSCLC was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT images. The ratio of metabolic to morphological lesion volumes (MMVR) and its association with PD-L1 expression in each lesion were calculated. The associations between histologically reported necrosis and 18F-FDG PET imaging patterns and radiological outcome (evaluated by iRECIST) following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy were also analysed. In 14 patients, the association between necrosis and MMVR and tumour immune contexture were analysed by multiple immunofluorescent (IF) staining for CD8, PD-1, granzyme B (GrzB) and NFATC2. RESULTS In total, 25 adenocarcinomas and 24 squamous cell carcinomas were analysed. All tumours showed metabolic 18F-FDG PET uptake. MMVR was correlated inversely with PD-L1 expression in tumour cells. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression and low MMVR were significantly correlated with clinical benefit. Necrosis was correlated negatively with MMVR. Multiplex IF staining showed a greater frequency of activated CD8+ cells in necrotic tumours than in nonnecrotic tumours in both stromal and epithelial tumour compartments. CONCLUSION This study introduces MMVR as a new imaging biomarker and its ability to noninvasively capture increased PD-L1 tumour expression and predict clinical benefit from checkpoint blockade in NSCLC should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jreige
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kariman Chaba
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Renaud
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Cristina
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Krueger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Nicod-Lalonde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Center of Experimental Therapies (CTE), Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Caramia M, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. The Volume-Regulated Anion Channel in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030307. [PMID: 30841564 PMCID: PMC6468384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive form of human brain tumor, strongly depends on its enhanced cell invasion and death evasion which make surgery and accompanying therapies highly ineffective. Several ion channels that regulate membrane potential, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and cell volume in GBM cells play significant roles in sustaining these processes. Among them, the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), which mediates the swelling-activated chloride current (IClswell) and is highly expressed in GBM cells, arguably plays a major role. VRAC is primarily involved in reestablishing the original cell volume that may be lost under several physiopathological conditions, but also in sustaining the shape and cell volume changes needed for cell migration and proliferation. While experimentally VRAC is activated by exposing cells to hypotonic solutions that cause the increase of cell volume, in vivo it is thought to be controlled by several different stimuli and modulators. In this review we focus on our recent work showing that two conditions normally occurring in pathological GBM tissues, namely high serum levels and severe hypoxia, were both able to activate VRAC, and their activation was found to promote cell migration and resistance to cell death, both features enhancing GBM malignancy. Also, the fact that the signal transduction pathway leading to VRAC activation appears to involve GBM specific intracellular components, such as diacylglicerol kinase and phosphatidic acid, reportedly not involved in the activation of VRAC in healthy tissues, is a relevant finding. Based on these observations and the impact of VRAC in the physiopathology of GBM, targeting this channel or its intracellular regulators may represent an effective strategy to contrast this lethal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Caramia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
| | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy.
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy.
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24
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Bruns I, Sauer B, Burger MC, Eriksson J, Hofmann U, Braun Y, Harter PN, Luger AL, Ronellenfitsch MW, Steinbach JP, Rieger J. Disruption of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α reverts key features of the neoplastic phenotype of glioma cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3037-3050. [PMID: 30578297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and controls metabolism by coordinating transcriptional events. Here, we interrogated whether PGC-1α is involved in tumor growth and the metabolic flexibility of glioblastoma cells. PGC-1α was expressed in a subset of established glioma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cell cultures. Furthermore, a higher PGC-1α expression was associated with an adverse outcome in the TCGA glioblastoma dataset. Suppression of PGC-1α expression by shRNA in the PGC-1α-positive U343MG glioblastoma line suppressed mitochondrial gene expression, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and diminished oxygen as well as glucose consumption, and lactate production. Compatible with the known PGC-1α functions in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, glioblastoma cells deficient in PGC-1α displayed ROS accumulation, had reduced RNA levels of proteins involved in ROS detoxification, and were more susceptible to death induction by H2O2 compared with control cells. PGC-1αsh cells also had impaired proliferation and migration rates in vitro and displayed less stem cell characteristics. Complementary effects were observed in PGC-1α-low LNT-229 cells engineered to overexpress PGC-1α. In an in vivo xenograft experiment, tumors formed by U343MG PGC-1αsh glioblastoma cells grew much slower than control tumors and were less invasive. Interestingly, the PGC-1α knockdown conferred protection against hypoxia-induced cell death, probably as a result of less active anabolic pathways, and this effect was associated with reduced epidermal growth factor expression and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In summary, PGC-1α modifies the neoplastic phenotype of glioblastoma cells toward more aggressive behavior and therefore makes PGC-1α a potential target for anti-glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Bruns
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sauer
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael C Burger
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jule Eriksson
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Department of Neurology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ute Hofmann
- the Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.,the University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yannick Braun
- the Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Patrick N Harter
- the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, .,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, .,the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt.,the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Rieger
- From the Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Comparing the effects of different cell death programs in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:115-129. [PMID: 30341424 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our conception of programmed cell death has expanded beyond apoptosis to encompass additional forms of cell suicide, including necroptosis and pyroptosis; these cell death modalities are notable for their diverse and emerging roles in engaging the immune system. Concurrently, treatments that activate the immune system to combat cancer have achieved remarkable success in the clinic. These two scientific narratives converge to provide new perspectives on the role of programmed cell death in cancer therapy. This review focuses on our current understanding of the relationship between apoptosis and antitumor immune responses and the emerging evidence that induction of alternate death pathways such as necroptosis could improve therapeutic outcomes.
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26
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Liu B, Zhao S, Qi C, Zhao X, Liu B, Hao F, Zhao Z. Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 facilitates hypoxia-induced glioma cell death. Brain Res 2018; 1704:241-248. [PMID: 30347216 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is a primary brain tumor with high frequency and dismal prognosis. As there is no permanent cure available, identifying new therapy or mediator to augment the effectiveness of existing therapy is urgently needed. In the current study we tested the effect of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs): mGluR1 and mGluR5 on the viability of glioma cell lines. We analyzed cell viability using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and evaluated apoptosis by propidium iodide (PI) staining. We used qPCR to evaluate change in mitochondrial gene expression and Western blot to evaluate the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. Inhibition of mGluR5 by a selective antagonist MPEP under hypoxia promoted cell death, and induced expression of mitochondrial oxidative function related genes, with concurrent lowering of AKT phosphorylation level in glioma cell lines. Akt activation reversed mGluR5 inhibition on hypoxia-induced glioma cell death. These results suggest mGluR5 as a potential therapeutic target for hypoxic tumors such as malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Xin Hua District, Shijiazhuang City 050000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139, Zi Qiang Road, Qiao Xi District, Shijiazhuang City 050051, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Xin Hua District, Shijiazhuang City 050000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Xin Hua District, Shijiazhuang City 050000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, East Yuhua Road, Baoding City 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Fang Hao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Xin Hua District, Shijiazhuang City 050000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, West Heping Road, Xin Hua District, Shijiazhuang City 050000, Hebei Province, PR China.
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27
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Regulation of Tumor Progression by Programmed Necrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3537471. [PMID: 29636841 PMCID: PMC5831895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3537471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing malignant tumors frequently encounter hypoxia and nutrient (e.g., glucose) deprivation, which occurs because of insufficient blood supply. This results in necrotic cell death in the core region of solid tumors. Necrotic cells release their cellular cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is a nonhistone nuclear protein, but acts as a proinflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine when released by necrotic cells. These released molecules recruit immune and inflammatory cells, which exert tumor-promoting activity by inducing angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion. Development of a necrotic core in cancer patients is also associated with poor prognosis. Conventionally, necrosis has been thought of as an unregulated process, unlike programmed cell death processes like apoptosis and autophagy. Recently, necrosis has been recognized as a programmed cell death, encompassing processes such as oncosis, necroptosis, and others. Metabolic stress-induced necrosis and its regulatory mechanisms have been poorly investigated until recently. Snail and Dlx-2, EMT-inducing transcription factors, are responsible for metabolic stress-induced necrosis in tumors. Snail and Dlx-2 contribute to tumor progression by promoting necrosis and inducing EMT and oncogenic metabolism. Oncogenic metabolism has been shown to play a role(s) in initiating necrosis. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic stress-induced programmed necrosis that promote tumor progression and aggressiveness.
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28
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Dragh MA, Xu Z, Al-Allak ZS, Hong L. Vitamin K2 Prevents Lymphoma in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17047. [PMID: 29213118 PMCID: PMC5719063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have established the anticancer effect of vitamin K2 (VK2). However, its effect on lymphoma induced by UBIAD1/heix mutation in Drosophila remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vivo model of lymphoma for the precise characterization of lymphoma phenotypes. We also aimed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the preventative effects of VK2 on lymphoma. Our results demonstrated that VK2 prevents lymphoma by acting as an electron carrier and by correcting the function and structure of mitochondria by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production mtROS. Our work identifies mitochondria as a key player in cancer therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maytham A Dragh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Biology College of Life Science, Misan University, Amarah, Iraq
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zainab S Al-Allak
- Department of Biology College of Life Science, Misan University, Amarah, Iraq
| | - Ling Hong
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China.
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29
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Kydd J, Jadia R, Velpurisiva P, Gad A, Paliwal S, Rai P. Targeting Strategies for the Combination Treatment of Cancer Using Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E46. [PMID: 29036899 PMCID: PMC5750652 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have characteristics of acquired and intrinsic resistances to chemotherapy treatment-due to the hostile tumor microenvironment-that create a significant challenge for effective therapeutic regimens. Multidrug resistance, collateral toxicity to normal cells, and detrimental systemic side effects present significant obstacles, necessitating alternative and safer treatment strategies. Traditional administration of chemotherapeutics has demonstrated minimal success due to the non-specificity of action, uptake and rapid clearance by the immune system, and subsequent metabolic alteration and poor tumor penetration. Nanomedicine can provide a more effective approach to targeting cancer by focusing on the vascular, tissue, and cellular characteristics that are unique to solid tumors. Targeted methods of treatment using nanoparticles can decrease the likelihood of resistant clonal populations of cancerous cells. Dual encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drug allows simultaneous targeting of more than one characteristic of the tumor. Several first-generation, non-targeted nanomedicines have received clinical approval starting with Doxil® in 1995. However, more than two decades later, second-generation or targeted nanomedicines have yet to be approved for treatment despite promising results in pre-clinical studies. This review highlights recent studies using targeted nanoparticles for cancer treatment focusing on approaches that target either the tumor vasculature (referred to as 'vascular targeting'), the tumor microenvironment ('tissue targeting') or the individual cancer cells ('cellular targeting'). Recent studies combining these different targeting methods are also discussed in this review. Finally, this review summarizes some of the reasons for the lack of clinical success in the field of targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel Kydd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Rahul Jadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Praveena Velpurisiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Aniket Gad
- Confocal Imaging Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Shailee Paliwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Prakash Rai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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30
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Thiepold AL, Lorenz NI, Foltyn M, Engel AL, Divé I, Urban H, Heller S, Bruns I, Hofmann U, Dröse S, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation sensitizes human glioma cells to hypoxia-induced cell death. Brain 2017; 140:2623-2638. [PMID: 28969371 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by fast uncontrolled growth leading to hypoxic areas and necrosis. Signalling from EGFR via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major driver of cell growth and proliferation and one of the most commonly altered signalling pathways in glioblastomas. Therefore, epidermal growth factor receptor and mTORC1 signalling are plausible therapeutic targets and clinical trials with inhibitors are in progress. However, we have previously shown that epidermal growth factor receptor and mTORC1 inhibition triggers metabolic changes leading to adverse effects under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment by protecting from hypoxia-induced cell death. We hypothesized that conversely mTORC1 activation sensitizes glioma cells to hypoxia-induced cell death. As a model for mTORC1 activation we used gene suppression of its physiological inhibitor TSC2 (TSC2sh). TSC2sh glioma cells showed increased sensitivity to hypoxia-induced cell death that was accompanied by an earlier ATP depletion and an increase in reactive oxygen species. There was no difference in extracellular glucose consumption but an altered intracellular metabolic profile with an increase of intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway. Mechanistically, mTORC1 upregulated the first and rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, G6PD. Furthermore, an increase in oxygen consumption in TSC2sh cells was detected. This appeared to be due to higher transcription rates of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory function including PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B (also known as PGC-1α and -β). The finding that mTORC1 activation causes an increase in oxygen consumption and renders malignant glioma cells susceptible to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation could help identify glioblastoma patient cohorts more likely to benefit from hypoxia-inducing therapies such as the VEGFA-targeting antibody bevacizumab in future clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Luisa Thiepold
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martha Foltyn
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna L Engel
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Urban
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Heller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ines Bruns
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Burger MC, Ronellenfitsch MW, Lorenz NI, Wagner M, Voss M, Capper D, Tzaridis T, Herrlinger U, Steinbach JP, Stoffels G, Langen KJ, Brandts C, Senft C, Harter PN, Bähr O. Dabrafenib in patients with recurrent, BRAF V600E mutated malignant glioma and leptomeningeal disease. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3291-3296. [PMID: 29039591 PMCID: PMC5783574 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF V600E mutations occur frequently in malignant melanoma, but are rare in most malignant glioma subtypes. Besides, more benign brain tumors such as ganglioglioma, dysembryoblastic neuroepithelial tumours and supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas, only pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (50–78%) and epitheloid glioblastoma (50%) regularly exhibit BRAF mutations. In the present study, we report on three patients with recurrent malignant gliomas harbouring a BRAF V600E mutation. All patients presented with markedly disseminated leptomeningeal disease at recurrence and had progressed after radiotherapy and alkylating chemotherapy. Therefore, estimated life expectancy at recurrence was a few weeks. All three patients received dabrafenib as a single agent and all showed a complete or nearly complete response. Treatment is ongoing and patients are stable for 27 months, 7 months and 3 months, respectively. One patient showed a dramatic radiologic and clinical response after one week of treatment. We were able to generate an ex vivo tumor cell culture from CSF in one patient. Treatment of this cell culture with dabrafenib resulted in reduced cell density and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation in vitro. To date, this is the first series on adult patients with BRAF-mutated malignant glioma and leptomeningeal dissemination treated with dabrafenib monotherapy. All patients showed a dramatic response with one patient showing an ongoing response for more than two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Burger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theophilos Tzaridis
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stoffels
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Brandts
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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Hong CF, Chen WY, Wu CW. Upregulation of Wnt signaling under hypoxia promotes lung cancer progression. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1706-1714. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Peters E, Schirris T, van Asbeck AH, Gerretsen J, Eymael J, Ashikov A, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Russel F, Pickkers P, Masereeuw R. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase during impaired mitochondrial function in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:149-157. [PMID: 28012971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury is a multifactorial syndrome in which inflammation and renal microcirculatory dysfunction play a profound role. Subsequently, renal tubule mitochondria reprioritize cellular functions to prevent further damage. Here, we investigated the putative protective effects of human recombinant alkaline phosphatase (recAP) during inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC). Full inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption was obtained after 24h antimycin A treatment, which did not affect cell viability. While recAP did not affect the antimycin A-induced decreased oxygen consumption and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α or adrenomedullin gene expression levels, the antimycin A-induced increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 was attenuated. Antimycin A tended to induce the release of detrimental purines ATP and ADP, which reached statistical significance when antimycin A was co-incubated with lipopolysaccharide, and were completely converted into cytoprotective adenosine by recAP. As the adenosine A2A receptor was up-regulated after antimycin A exposure, an adenosine A2A receptor knockout ciPTEC cell line was generated in which recAP still provided protection. Together, recAP did not affect oxygen consumption but attenuated the inflammatory response during impaired mitochondrial function, an effect suggested to be mediated by dephosphorylating ATP and ADP into adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Peters
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander H van Asbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer Eymael
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Angel Ashikov
- Department of Neurology, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel J W Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Internal Mailbox 710, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Brucker DP, Maurer GD, Harter PN, Rieger J, Steinbach JP. FOXO3a orchestrates glioma cell responses to starvation conditions and promotes hypoxia-induced cell death. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2399-2410. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Al-Bagdadi F, Young MJ, Geaghan JP, Yao S, Barona HM, Martinez-Ceballos E, Yoshimura M. Observation on the ultrastructure morphology of HeLa cells treated with ethanol: Statistical analysis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:324-332. [PMID: 27680498 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1233160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 5.9% of all human deaths are attributable to alcohol consumption and that the harmful use of ethanol ranks among the top five risk factors for causing disease, disability, and death worldwide. Ethanol is known to disrupt phospholipid packing and promote membrane hemifusion at lipid bilayers. With the exception of mitochondria involved in hormone synthesis, the sterol content of mitochondrial membranes is low. As membranes that are low in cholesterol have increased membrane fluidity and are the most easily disordered by ethanol, we hypothesize that mitochondria are sensitive targets for ethanol damage. HeLa cells were exposed to 50 mM ethanol and the direct effects of ethanol on cellular ultrastructure were examined utilizing transmission electron microscopy. Our ultramicroscopic analysis revealed that cells exposed to ethanol harbor fewer incidence of apoptotic morphology; however, significant alterations to mitochondria and to nuclei occurred. We observed statistical increases in the amount of irregular cells and cells with multiple nuclei, nuclei harboring indentations, and nuclei with multiple nucleolus-like bodies. Indeed, our analysis revealed that mitochondrial damage is the most extensive type of cellular damage. Rupturing of cristae was the most prominent damage followed by mitochondrial swelling. Ethanol exposure also resulted in increased amounts of mitochondrial rupturing, organelles with linked membranes, and mitochondria localizing to indentations of nuclear membranes. We theorize that these alterations could contribute to cellular defects in oxidative phosphorylation and, by extension, the inability to generate regular levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhri Al-Bagdadi
- a Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Matthew J Young
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , IL , USA
| | - James P Geaghan
- c Department of Experimental Statistics , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- a Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Humberto M Barona
- d Department of Mathematics , Southern University and A&M College , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | | | - Masami Yoshimura
- a Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
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Sforna L, Cenciarini M, Belia S, Michelucci A, Pessia M, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Hypoxia Modulates the Swelling-Activated Cl Current in Human Glioblastoma Cells: Role in Volume Regulation and Cell Survival. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:91-100. [PMID: 27028592 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common human brain tumor, correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. GBM cells express abundant Cl channels whose activity supports cell volume and membrane potential changes, ultimately leading to cell proliferation, migration, and escaping death. In non-tumor tissues Cl channels are modulated by hypoxia, which prompted us to verify whether hypoxia would also modulate Cl channels in GBM cells. Our results show that in GBM cell lines, acute application of a hypoxic solution activates a Cl current displaying the biophysical and pharmacological features of the swelling-activated Cl current (ICl,swell ). We also found that acute hypoxia increased the cell volume by about 20%, and a 30% hypertonic solution partially inhibited the hypoxia-activated Cl current, suggesting that cell swelling and the activation of the Cl current are sequential events. Notably, the hypoxia-induced cell swelling was followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) mediated mainly by ICl,swell . Since, a hypoxia-induced prolonged cell swelling is usually regarded as a death insult, we hypothesized that the hypoxia-activated Cl current could limit cell swelling and prevent necrotic death of GBM cells under hypoxic conditions. In accordance, we found that the ICl,swell inhibitor DCPIB hampered the RVD process, and more importantly it sensibly increased the hypoxia-induced necrotic death in these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Cl channels are strongly involved in the survival of GBM cells in a hypoxic environment, and may thus represent a new therapeutic target for this malignant tumor. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 91-100, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Cenciarini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Belia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti 'G. d'Annunzio', Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Hypoxia can impair doxorubicin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting MRP1 and P-gp expression and boosting the chemosensitizing effects of MRP1 and P-gp blockers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:411-433. [PMID: 27306525 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) frequently exhibit resistance to therapeutic drugs, which seriously hampers their treatment. Here, we set out to assess the roles of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the doxorubicin (DOX) resistance of NSCLC cells, as well as the putative therapeutic efficacy of MRP1 and P-gp blockers on DOX-treated NSCLC cells. METHODS The impact of DOX on cell survival, DOX efflux and MRP1 and P-gp expression was assessed in 5 different NSCLC-derived cell lines (parental CH27, A549, H1299, H460, and DOX resistant CH27) in the absence or presence of MK571 (MRP1 inhibitor) or Verapamil (P-gp inhibitor), under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. RESULTS We found that in response to DOX treatment, NSCLC cells that express high levels of MRP1 and P-gp (such as CH27) showed a better DOX efflux and a higher DOX resistance. MK571 and Verapamil were found to abolish DOX resistance and to act as chemosensitizers for DOX therapy in all cell lines tested. We also found that hypoxia could inhibit MRP1 and P-gp expression in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, abolish DOX resistance and boost the chemosensitizer effect of MK571 and Verapamil on DOX treatment of all the NSCLC cells tested, except the DOX-resistant CH27 cells. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that MRP1 and P-gp play critical roles in the DOX resistance of the NSCLC cells tested. MRP1 and P-gp targeted therapy using MK571, Verapamil, CoCl2 or ambient hypoxia appeared to be promising in abolishing the DOX efflux and DOX resistance of the NSCLC cells. The putative therapeutic efficacies of MRP1 and/or P-gp blockers on NSCLC cells are worthy of note.
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38
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Perioperative cerebral ischemia promote infiltrative recurrence in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14537-44. [PMID: 25966341 PMCID: PMC4546485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is a key driver for infiltrative growth in experimental gliomas. It has remained elusive whether tumor hypoxia in glioblastoma patients contributes to distant or diffuse recurrences. We therefore investigated the influence of perioperative cerebral ischemia on patterns of progression in glioblastoma patients. Methods We retrospectively screened MRI scans of 245 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing resection for perioperative ischemia near the resection cavity. 46 showed relevant ischemia nearby the resection cavity. A control cohort without perioperative ischemia was generated by a 1:1 matching using an algorithm based on gender, age and adjuvant treatment. Both cohorts were analyzed for patterns of progression by a blinded neuroradiologist. Results The percentage of diffuse or distant recurrences at first relapse was significantly higher in the cohort with perioperative ischemia (61.1%) compared to the control cohort (19.4%). The results of the control cohort matched well with historical data. The change in patterns of progression was not associated with a difference in survival. Conclusions This study reveals an unrecognized association of perioperative cerebral ischemia with distant or diffuse recurrence in glioblastoma. It is the first clinical study supporting the concept that hypoxia is a key driver of infiltrative tumor growth in glioblastoma patients.
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Hartel I, Ronellenfitsch M, Wanka C, Wolking S, Steinbach JP, Rieger J. Activation of AMP-activated kinase modulates sensitivity of glioma cells against epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:173-80. [PMID: 27121290 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGFR) pathway is frequently activated in glioblastoma but the clinical efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in malignant glioma has been disappointing. The reasons for the failure of the mechanisms of resistance of these inhibitors are unclear, but may involve factors of the tumor microenvironment such as limited glucose availability and hypoxia. It was therefore examined whether glucose and oxygen influenced the response of glioma cells to EGFR inhibition. Decreased levels of glucose and oxygen led to resistance against the EGFR inhibitor PD153035, whereas high glucose amounts and normoxia sensitised glioma cells towards the inhibitor. Low levels of glucose and oxygen stimulated AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in glioma cells. 2DG, an inhibitor of glycolysis, and the AMPK activator A769662 reduced glucose consumption, induced phosphorylation of AMPK and mimicked the effects of low glucose availability on the toxicity of PD153035. Similarly, 2DG reduced toxicity of imatinib in K562 leukemia cells. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK by compound C or by short-hairpin (sh)-mediated gene suppression increased cell death induced by the EGFR inhibitor and reverted the protective effects of 2DG and A769662. In conclusion, cytotoxicity of EGFR inhibition can be diminished by AMPK activation in glioma cells. These results may provide one explanation for the low activity of EGFR inhibitors in clinical trials and suggest antagonism of AMPK or of AMPK-regulated metabolic alterations as a promising approach to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hartel
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Wanka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Rieger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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Furuta C, Miyamoto T, Takagi T, Noguchi Y, Kaneko J, Itoh S, Watanabe T, Itoh F. Transforming growth factor-β signaling enhancement by long-term exposure to hypoxia in a tumor microenvironment composed of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1524-33. [PMID: 26296946 PMCID: PMC4714699 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a potent growth inhibitor in normal epithelial cells. However, a number of malignant tumors produce excessive amounts of TGF‐β, which affects the tumor‐associated microenvironment by furthering the progression of tumorigenicity. Although it is known that the tumor‐associated microenvironment often becomes hypoxic, how hypoxia influences TGF‐β signaling in this microenvironment is unknown. We investigated whether TGF‐β signaling is influenced by long‐term exposure to hypoxia in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. When the cells were exposed to hypoxia for more than 10 days, their morphology was remarkably changed to a spindle shape, and TGF‐β‐induced Smad2 phosphorylation was enhanced. Concomitantly, TGF‐β‐induced transcriptional activity was augmented under hypoxia, although TGF‐β did not influence the activity of a hypoxia‐responsive reporter. Consistently, hypoxia influenced the expression of several TGF‐β target genes. Interestingly, the expressions of TGF‐β type I receptor (TβRI), also termed activin receptor like kinase‐5 (ALK5), and TGF‐β1 were increased under the hypoxic condition. When we monitored the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) transcriptional activity by use of green fluorescent protein governed by the hypoxia‐responsive element in LLC cells transplanted into mice, TGF‐β‐induced Smad2 phosphorylation was upregulated in vivo. Our results demonstrate that long‐term exposure to hypoxia might alter responsiveness to TGF‐β signaling and affected the malignancy of LLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Furuta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takagi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Noguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jyunya Kaneko
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Bryukhovetskiy I, Bryukhovetsky A, Khotimchenko Y, Mischenko P, Tolok E, Khotimchenko R. Combination of the multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation with administration of temozolomide increases survival of rats with experimental glioblastoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2828-34. [PMID: 25955107 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GM) is an aggressive malignant tumor of the brain. The standard treatment of GM is surgical resection with consequent radio- and chemotherapy with temozolomide. The prognosis is unfavorable, with a survival time of 12-14 months. The phenomenon of targeted migration to the tumor in the brain opens novel possibilities for the treatment of GM. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) are a cell type with anti-carcinogenic properties and can be used to optimize GM therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of MMSC transplantation in the chemotherapy of a rat model of C6 glioma. A total of 130 animals were divided into a control group, a temozolomide group, MMSCs group and temozolomide + MMSCs group. The experiment was performed over 70 days, and a combination of molecular biology, surgical and neuroimaging techniques, as well as histological and physiological examinations was used. Tumor size was smallest in the temozolomide (115.76 ± 16.25 mm(3)) and in temozolomide + MMSCs (114.74 ± 5.54 mm(3)) groups, which was significantly smaller than the neoplastic node size in the control group (202.09 ± 39.72 mm(3)) (P<0.05). The animals in the temozolomide + MMSCs group showed significantly higher survival rates in comparison with those in the control and temozolomide groups. The MMSCs migrated from the site of implantation to the neoplastic focus and interacted with glioma cells; however, the mechanism requires further research. In conclusion, MMSC transplantation combined with temozolomide treatment significantly extended the survival of experimental animals in comparison with those treated with temozolomide only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Bryukhovetsky
- NeuroVita Clinic of Restorative Interventional Therapy and Neurology, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Khotimchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Mischenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Tolok
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Rodion Khotimchenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, A.V. Zhirmunski Institute of Marine Biology Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690041, Russian Federation
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Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Ecology meets cancer biology: the cancer swamp promotes the lethal cancer phenotype. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9669-78. [PMID: 25895024 PMCID: PMC4496388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As they grow, tumors fundamentally alter their microenvironment, disrupting the homeostasis of the host organ and eventually the patient as a whole. Lethality is the ultimate result of deregulated cell signaling and regulatory mechanisms as well as inappropriate host cell recruitment and activity that lead to the death of the patient. These processes have striking parallels to the framework of ecological biology: multiple interacting ecosystems (organ systems) within a larger biosphere (body), alterations in species stoichiometry (host cell types), resource cycling (cellular metabolism and cell-cell signaling), and ecosystem collapse (organ failure and death). In particular, as cancer cells generate their own niche within the tumor ecosystem, ecological engineering and autoeutrophication displace normal cell function and result in the creation of a hypoxic, acidic, and nutrient-poor environment. This "cancer swamp" has genetic and epigenetic effects at the local ecosystem level to promote metastasis and at the systemic host level to induce cytokine-mediated lethal syndromes, a major cause of death of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Amend
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Hsieh CL, Lin CH, Wang HE, Peng CC, Peng RY. Gallic acid exhibits risks of inducing muscular hemorrhagic liposis and cerebral hemorrhage--its action mechanism and preventive strategy. Phytother Res 2014; 29:267-80. [PMID: 25403162 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (GA) occurs in many plants. The adverse effects of GA are seldom cited. GA (6-14 μM) provoked the hemorrhagic liposis of the cervical muscles and intracranial hemorrhage. The cause of these pathological events and the method for prevention are still lacking. Using the chicken embryo model and some selected nutraceutics such as folate, glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin E (Vit E), we carried out this study. Results revealed that the action mechanism of GA involved (i) inducing hypoxia with upregulated gene hif-1α and downregulated ratio vegf-r2/vegf-a, leading to dys-vascularization and myopathy; (ii) impairing cytochrome c oxidase; (iii) stimulating creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase release; (iv) eliciting carnitine accumulation and liposis via downregulating gene CPT1; (v) suppressing superoxide dismutase and stimulating NO, H2O2, and malondialdehyde; and (vi) depleting erythrocytic and tissue GSH, resulting in hemorrhage. When both Vit E and GSH were applied to the day 1 chicks, a better alleviation effect was revealed. Conclusively, GA potentially exhibits adverse effect by eliciting hemorrhagic liposis of cervical muscles and cerebral hemorrhage. Supplementation with GSH, Vit E, and N-acetylcysteine is able to ameliorate these adverse effects, warranting the importance of restricting the clinical phytotherapeutic doses of GA and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Lan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De Road, Changhua, 50007, Taiwan
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Ikemori RY, Machado CML, Furuzawa KM, Nonogaki S, Osinaga E, Umezawa K, de Carvalho MA, Verinaud L, Chammas R. Galectin-3 up-regulation in hypoxic and nutrient deprived microenvironments promotes cell survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111592. [PMID: 25369297 PMCID: PMC4219723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside binding protein related to many tumoral aspects, e.g. angiogenesis, cell growth and motility and resistance to cell death. Evidence has shown its upregulation upon hypoxia, a common feature in solid tumors such as glioblastoma multiformes (GBM). This tumor presents a unique feature described as pseudopalisading cells, which accumulate large amounts of gal-3. Tumor cells far from hypoxic/nutrient deprived areas express little, if any gal-3. Here, we have shown that the hybrid glioma cell line, NG97ht, recapitulates GBM growth forming gal-3 positive pseudopalisades even when cells are grafted subcutaneously in nude mice. In vitro experiments were performed exposing these cells to conditions mimicking tumor areas that display oxygen and nutrient deprivation. Results indicated that gal-3 transcription under hypoxic conditions requires previous protein synthesis and is triggered in a HIF-1α and NF-κB dependent manner. In addition, a significant proportion of cells die only when exposed simultaneously to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation and demonstrate ROS induction. Inhibition of gal-3 expression using siRNA led to protein knockdown followed by a 1.7–2.2 fold increase in cell death. Similar results were also found in a human GBM cell line, T98G. In vivo, U87MG gal-3 knockdown cells inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice demonstrated decreased tumor growth and increased time for tumor engraftment. These results indicate that gal-3 protected cells from cell death under hypoxia and nutrient deprivation in vitro and that gal-3 is a key factor in tumor growth and engraftment in hypoxic and nutrient-deprived microenvironments. Overexpression of gal-3, thus, is part of an adaptive program leading to tumor cell survival under these stressing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yamashita Ikemori
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RYI); (RC)
| | - Camila Maria Longo Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Medicina Nuclear – LIM43, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Mie Furuzawa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Departamento de Patologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Facultad de Medicina de La Universidad de La Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Liana Verinaud
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RYI); (RC)
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Westwood DA, Patel O, Baldwin GS. Gastrin mediates resistance to hypoxia-induced cell death in xenografts of the human colorectal cancer cell line LoVo. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2471-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cai M, Zhang X, Li Y, Xu H. Toll-like receptor 3 activation drives the inflammatory response in oxygen-induced retinopathy in rats. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:125-32. [PMID: 25355806 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischaemia is one of the most important causes of blindness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role and mechanisms by which toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) influences the progression of the inflammatory response in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS OIR rat models were successfully established and received single intravitreal injections of polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) and anti-TLR3 antibody, respectively, on postnatal day 17 (P17). Pathological retinal neovascularisation was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with Isolectin B4 FITC (fluorescein isothyocyanate). Retinal expressions of TLR3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Furthermore, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression levels were assessed with real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Both gene and protein expression levels of TLR3 and NF-κB were significantly elevated in the retinas of OIR rats compared to the controls. Increased IL-6 and TNFα expression levels were also observed in the retinas of OIR rats. Furthermore, TLR3 signalling pathway components, including NF-κB and IL-6/TNFα, were markedly upregulated upon stimulation with poly(I:C). In addition, the pre-treatment of TLR3 neutralising antibody in OIR models significantly decreased TLR3 and NF-κB expressions, as well as related inflammatory factors IL-6/TNFα expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that upregulation of the TLR3 signalling pathway is involved in the pro-inflammatory response in OIR rat retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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RIEGER JOHANNES, BÄHR OLIVER, MAURER GABRIELED, HATTINGEN ELKE, FRANZ KEA, BRUCKER DANIEL, WALENTA STEFAN, KÄMMERER ULRIKE, COY JOHANNESF, WELLER MICHAEL, STEINBACH JOACHIMP. ERGO: a pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1843-52. [PMID: 24728273 PMCID: PMC4063533 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting dietary carbohydrates inhibits glioma growth in preclinical models. Therefore, the ERGO trial (NCT00575146) examined feasibility of a ketogenic diet in 20 patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients were put on a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet containing plant oils. Feasibility was the primary endpoint, secondary endpoints included the percentage of patients reaching urinary ketosis, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. The effects of a ketogenic diet alone or in combination with bevacizumab was also explored in an orthotopic U87MG glioblastoma model in nude mice. Three patients (15%) discontinued the diet for poor tolerability. No serious adverse events attributed to the diet were observed. Urine ketosis was achieved at least once in 12 of 13 (92%) evaluable patients. One patient achieved a minor response and two patients had stable disease after 6 weeks. Median PFS of all patients was 5 (range, 3-13) weeks, median survival from enrollment was 32 weeks. The trial allowed to continue the diet beyond progression. Six of 7 (86%) patients treated with bevacizumab and diet experienced an objective response, and median PFS on bevacizumab was 20.1 (range, 12-124) weeks, for a PFS at 6 months of 43%. In the mouse glioma model, ketogenic diet alone had no effect on median survival, but increased that of bevacizumab-treated mice from 52 to 58 days (p<0.05). In conclusion, a ketogenic diet is feasible and safe but probably has no significant clinical activity when used as single agent in recurrent glioma. Further clinical trials are necessary to clarify whether calorie restriction or the combination with other therapeutic modalities, such as radiotherapy or anti-angiogenic treatments, could enhance the efficacy of the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOHANNES RIEGER
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - OLIVER BÄHR
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
| | - GABRIELE D. MAURER
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
| | - ELKE HATTINGEN
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
| | - KEA FRANZ
- Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
| | - DANIEL BRUCKER
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
| | - STEFAN WALENTA
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, D-55099 Mainz
| | - ULRIKE KÄMMERER
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg
| | - JOHANNES F. COY
- Tavarlin AG, D-64293 Darmstadt, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - MICHAEL WELLER
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - JOACHIM P. STEINBACH
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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Fischer S, Ronellenfitsch MW, Thiepold AL, Harter PN, Reichert S, Kögel D, Paschke R, Mittelbronn M, Weller M, Steinbach JP, Fulda S, Bähr O. Hypoxia enhances the antiglioma cytotoxicity of B10, a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94921. [PMID: 24743710 PMCID: PMC3990545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
B10 is a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid with promising activity against glioma cells. Lysosomal cell death pathways appear to be essential for its cytotoxicity. We investigated the influence of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation and current standard therapies on B10 cytotoxicity. The human glioma cell lines LN-308 and LNT-229 were exposed to B10 alone or together with irradiation, temozolomide, nutrient deprivation or hypoxia. Cell growth and viability were evaluated by crystal violet staining, clonogenicity assays, propidium iodide uptake and LDH release assays. Cell death was examined using an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification (bafilomycin A1), a cathepsin inhibitor (CA074-Me) and a short-hairpin RNA targeting cathepsin B. Hypoxia substantially enhanced B10-induced cell death. This effect was sensitive to bafilomycin A1 and thus dependent on hypoxia-induced lysosomal acidification. Cathepsin B appeared to mediate cell death because either the inhibitor CA074-Me or cathepsin B gene silencing rescued glioma cells from B10 toxicity under hypoxia. B10 is a novel antitumor agent with substantially enhanced cytotoxicity under hypoxia conferred by increased lysosomal cell death pathway activation. Given the importance of hypoxia for therapy resistance, malignant progression, and as a result of antiangiogenic therapies, B10 might be a promising strategy for hypoxic tumors like malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fischer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael W. Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Thiepold
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reichert
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim P. Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cho S, Lee S, Jeong SH, Kim Y, Kim SC, Hwang W, Park J. Anodic aluminium oxide membranes for immunoisolation with sufficient oxygen supply for pancreatic islets. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:828-34. [PMID: 23546334 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib20226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunoisolation membranes have been developed for various cell encapsulations for therapeutic purposes. However effective encapsulation systems have been hindered by low oxygen (O2) permeability or imperfect immunoisolation caused by either low porosity or non-uniform pore geometry. Here, we report an encapsulation method that uses an anodic aluminum oxide membrane formed by polyethylene oxide self-assembly to obtain nanochannels with both high selectivity in excluding immune molecules and high permeability of nutrients such as glucose, insulin, and O2. The extracorporeal encapsulation system composed of these membranes allows O2 flux to meet the O2 demand of pancreatic islets of Langerhans and provides excellent in vitro viability and functionality of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwoo Cho
- Dept. Mechanical Engineering POSTECH, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyoengbuk, Republic of Korea
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50
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Cellular response to orthodontically-induced short-term hypoxia in dental pulp cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:173-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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