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Yang S, Hu C, Chen X, Tang Y, Li J, Yang H, Yang Y, Ying B, Xiao X, Li SZ, Gu L, Zhu Y. Crosstalk between metabolism and cell death in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 38575922 PMCID: PMC10993426 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that tumor cells proliferate more rapidly than normal cells. Due to such an abnormally rapid proliferation rate, cancer cells constantly encounter the limits of insufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies. To satisfy their growth needs and resist adverse environmental events, tumor cells modify the metabolic pathways to produce both extra energies and substances required for rapid growth. Realizing the metabolic characters special for tumor cells will be helpful for eliminating them during therapy. Cell death is a hot topic of long-term study and targeting cell death is one of the most effective ways to repress tumor growth. Many studies have successfully demonstrated that metabolism is inextricably linked to cell death of cancer cells. Here we summarize the recently identified metabolic characters that specifically impact on different types of cell deaths and discuss their roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Caden Hu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of breast and thyroid surgery, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Yang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Shang-Ze Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Yahui Zhu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, P. R. China.
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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Mohamadynejad P. Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 37998025 PMCID: PMC10669395 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The former conventional belief was that cell death resulted from either apoptosis or necrosis; however, in recent years, different pathways through which a cell can undergo cell death have been discovered. Various types of cell death are distinguished by specific morphological alterations in the cell's structure, coupled with numerous biological activation processes. Various diseases, such as cancers, can occur due to the accumulation of damaged cells in the body caused by the dysregulation and failure of cell death. Thus, comprehending these cell death pathways is crucial for formulating effective therapeutic strategies. We focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to various forms of cell death, encompassing apoptosis, anoikis, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, entosis, methuosis, paraptosis, mitoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 88137-33395, Iran
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Tumor growth of neurofibromin-deficient cells is driven by decreased respiration and hampered by NAD + and SIRT3. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1996-2008. [PMID: 35393510 PMCID: PMC9525706 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin loss drives neoplastic growth and a rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism. Here we report that neurofibromin ablation dampens expression and activity of NADH dehydrogenase, the respiratory chain complex I, in an ERK-dependent fashion, decreasing both respiration and intracellular NAD+. Expression of the alternative NADH dehydrogenase NDI1 raises NAD+/NADH ratio, enhances the activity of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT3 and interferes with tumorigenicity in neurofibromin-deficient cells. The antineoplastic effect of NDI1 is mimicked by administration of NAD+ precursors or by rising expression of the NAD+ deacetylase SIRT3 and is synergistic with ablation of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which augments succinate dehydrogenase activity further contributing to block pro-neoplastic metabolic changes. These findings shed light on bioenergetic adaptations of tumors lacking neurofibromin, linking complex I inhibition to mitochondrial NAD+/NADH unbalance and SIRT3 inhibition, as well as to down-regulation of succinate dehydrogenase. This metabolic rewiring could unveil attractive therapeutic targets for neoplasms related to neurofibromin loss.
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Li T, Jung B, Park SY, Lee J. Survival Factor Gene FgSvf1 Is Required for Normal Growth and Stress Resistance in Fusarium graminearum. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:393-405. [PMID: 31632215 PMCID: PMC6788415 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2019.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Survival factor 1 (Svf1) is a protein involved in cell survival pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Svf1 is required for the diauxic growth shift and survival under stress conditions. In this study, we characterized the role of FgSvf1, the Svf1 homolog in the homothallic ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum. In the FgSvf1 deletion mutant, conidial germination was delayed, vegetative growth was reduced, and pathogenicity was completely abolished. Although the FgSvf1 deletion mutant produced perithecia, the normal maturation of ascospore was dismissed in deletion mutant. The FgSvf1 deletion mutant also showed reduced resistance to osmotic, fungicide, and cold stress and reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress when compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, we showed that FgSvf1 affects glycolysis, which results in the abnormal vegetative growth in the FgSvf1 deletion mutant. Further, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in the FgSvf1 deletion mutant, and this accumulated ROS might be related to the reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress and the reduced resistance to cold stress and fungicide stress. Overall, understanding the role of FgSvf1 in F. graminearum provides a new target to control F. graminearum infections in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiying Li
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Boknam Jung
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Jungkwan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315,
Korea
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Guenzle J, Garrelfs NWC, Goeldner JM, Weyerbrock A. Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibition by Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) Enhances Antitumor Effects of Nitric Oxide in Glioblastoma In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6046-6055. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Peng Y, Xing SN, Tang HY, Wang CD, Yi FP, Liu GL, Wu XM. Influence of glucose transporter 1 activity inhibition on neuroblastoma in vitro. Gene 2018; 689:11-17. [PMID: 30553996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer cells predominantly produce their energy through a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of abundant oxygen. Glycolysis has become a target of anticancer strategies. Previous researches showed that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor is effective as anticancer agents. This study assessed the effects of the selective GLUT1 inhibitor WZB117 on regulation of neuroblastoma (NB) cell line SH-SY5Y viability, cell cycle and glycolysis in vitro. SH-SY5Y cells were grown and treated with WZB117 for up to 72 h and then subjected to cell viability, qRT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry analysis. Level of ATP and LDH was also analyzed. The result showed that WZB117 treatment reduced tumor cells viability, downregulated level of GLUT1 protein. Moreover, WZB117 treatment arrested tumor cells at the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle, induced tumor cells to undergo necrosis instead of apoptosis. In addition, WZB117 treatment downregulated the levels of intracellular ATP, LDH and glycolytic enzymes. Thus, WZB117-induced GLUT1 inhibition suppressed tumor cell growth, induced cell cycle arrest and reduced glycolysis metabolites in NB cells in vitro. This study suggested that GLUT1 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Si-Ning Xing
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hu-Ying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang-Dong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fa-Ping Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge-Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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7
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Guo D, Ye Y, Qi J, Tan X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li Y. Age and sex differences in microRNAs expression during the process of thymus aging. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:409-419. [PMID: 28369179 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gender-biased thymus involution and the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) expression in modulating the thymus development have been reported in many studies. However, how males and females differ in so many ways in thymus involution remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles in both untreated 3- and 12-month-old female and male mice thymuses. The results showed that 7 and 18 miRNAs were defined as the sex- and age-specific miRNAs, respectively. The expression of miR-181c-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-98b-5p, miR-329-3p, miR-341-5p, and miR-2137 showed significant age-difference in mice thymus by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. High expression levels of miR-2137 were detected in mice thymic epithelial cells and gradually increased during the process of thymus aging. MiR-27b-3p and miR-378a-3p of the female-biased miRNAs were confirmed as the sex- and estrogen-responsive miRNAs in mice thymus in vivo. Their potential target genes and the pathway were identified by the online software. Possible regulation roles of sex- and age-specific miRNA expression during the process of thymus aging were discussed. Our results suggested that these miRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the study of sex- and age-specific thymus aging and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Guo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaqiong Ye
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Junjie Qi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yugu Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ciscato F, Sciacovelli M, Villano G, Turato C, Bernardi P, Rasola A, Pontisso P. SERPINB3 protects from oxidative damage by chemotherapeutics through inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2418-27. [PMID: 24810714 PMCID: PMC4058015 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SERPINB3 (SB3) is a serine protease inhibitor overexpressed in several malignancies of epithelial origin, including primary liver cancer, where it inhibits apoptosis through poorly defined mechanisms. In the present study we analyze the effect of SB3 on hepatoma cell death elicited by a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. We report that SB3 shields cells from the toxicity of drugs with a pro-oxidant action such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and EM20-25. The rapid rise in ROS levels prompted by these compounds causes opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), irreversibly committing cells to death. We find that a fraction of SB3 locates in mitochondrial inner compartments, and that this mitochondrial fraction increases under conditions of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial SB3 inhibits ROS generation and the ensuing PTP induction and cell death through an inhibitory interaction with respiratory Complex I. These findings identify a novel mechanism of action of SB3 that contributes to tumor cell resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciscato
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pantic B, Trevisan E, Citta A, Rigobello MP, Marin O, Bernardi P, Salvatori S, Rasola A. Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) prevents ROS-induced cell death by assembling a hexokinase II-Src complex on the mitochondrial surface. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e858. [PMID: 24136222 PMCID: PMC3920960 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), a serine/threonine kinase whose gene mutations cause myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), remain poorly understood. Several DMPK isoforms exist, and the long ones (DMPK-A/B/C/D) are associated with the mitochondria, where they exert unknown activities. We have studied the isoform A of DMPK, which we have found to be prevalently associated to the outer mitochondrial membrane. The kinase activity of mitochondrial DMPK protects cells from oxidative stress and from the ensuing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which would otherwise irreversibly commit cells to death. We observe that DMPK (i) increases the mitochondrial localization of hexokinase II (HK II), (ii) forms a multimeric complex with HK II and with the active form of the tyrosine kinase Src, binding its SH3 domain and (iii) it is tyrosine-phosphorylated by Src. Both interaction among these proteins and tyrosine phosphorylation of DMPK are increased under oxidative stress, and Src inhibition selectively enhances death in DMPK-expressing cells after HK II detachment from the mitochondria. Down-modulation of DMPK abolishes the appearance of muscle markers in in vitro myogenesis, which is rescued by oxidant scavenging. Our data indicate that, together with HK II and Src, mitochondrial DMPK is part of a multimolecular complex endowed with antioxidant and pro-survival properties that could be relevant during the function and differentiation of muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pantic
- 1] CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
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Chemotherapeutic induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress activates GSK-3α/β and Bax, leading to permeability transition pore opening and tumor cell death. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e444. [PMID: 23235461 PMCID: PMC3542620 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Survival of tumor cells is favored by mitochondrial changes that make death induction more difficult in a variety of stress conditions, such as exposure to chemotherapeutics. These changes are not fully characterized in tumor mitochondria, and include unbalance of the redox equilibrium, inhibition of permeability transition pore (PTP) opening through kinase signaling pathways and modulation of members of the Bcl-2 protein family. Here we show that a novel chemotherapeutic, the Gold(III)-dithiocarbamato complex AUL12, induces oxidative stress and tumor cell death both favoring PTP opening and activating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax of the Bcl-2 family. AUL12 inhibits the respiratory complex I and causes a rapid burst of mitochondrial superoxide levels, leading to activation of the mitochondrial fraction of GSK-3α/β and to the ensuing phosphorylation of the mitochondrial chaperone cyclophilin D, which in turn facilitates PTP opening. In addition, following AUL12 treatment, Bax interacts with active GSK-3α/β and translocates onto mitochondria, where it contributes to PTP induction and tumor cell death. These findings provide evidence that targeting the redox equilibrium maintained by mitochondria in tumor cells allows to hit crucial mechanisms that shield neoplasms from the toxicity of many anti-tumor strategies, and identify AUL12 as a promising chemotherapeutic compound.
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The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) — An example of multiple molecular exaptation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:2072-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhang W, Bergmeier S, Qian Y, Akbar H, Colvin R, Ding J, Tong L, Wu S, Hines J, Chen X. A small-molecule inhibitor of glucose transporter 1 downregulates glycolysis, induces cell-cycle arrest, and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1672-82. [PMID: 22689530 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional and therapeutic importance of the Warburg effect is increasingly recognized, and glycolysis has become a target of anticancer strategies. We recently reported the identification of a group of novel small compounds that inhibit basal glucose transport and reduce cancer cell growth by a glucose deprivation-like mechanism. We hypothesized that the compounds target Glut1 and are efficacious in vivo as anticancer agents. Here, we report that a novel representative compound WZB117 not only inhibited cell growth in cancer cell lines but also inhibited cancer growth in a nude mouse model. Daily intraperitoneal injection of WZB117 at 10 mg/kg resulted in a more than 70% reduction in the size of human lung cancer of A549 cell origin. Mechanism studies showed that WZB117 inhibited glucose transport in human red blood cells (RBC), which express Glut1 as their sole glucose transporter. Cancer cell treatment with WZB117 led to decreases in levels of Glut1 protein, intracellular ATP, and glycolytic enzymes. All these changes were followed by increase in ATP-sensing enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and declines in cyclin E2 as well as phosphorylated retinoblastoma, resulting in cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and necrosis. Addition of extracellular ATP rescued compound-treated cancer cells, suggesting that the reduction of intracellular ATP plays an important role in the anticancer mechanism of the molecule. Senescence induction and the essential role of ATP were reported for the first time in Glut1 inhibitor-treated cancer cells. Thus, WZB117 is a prototype for further development of anticancer therapeutics targeting Glut1-mediated glucose transport and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Biological Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Jambekar AA, Palma E, Nicolosi L, Rasola A, Petronilli V, Chiara F, Bernardi P, Needleman R, Brusilow WSA. A glutamine synthetase inhibitor increases survival and decreases cytokine response in a mouse model of acute liver failure. Liver Int 2011; 31:1209-21. [PMID: 21745296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) can be induced in mice by administering Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN), which induce an inflammatory response involving tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and a hepatocyte-specific transcriptional block. Under these conditions, binding of TNF-α to its cognate receptor on hepatocytes eventually leads to their apoptosis. AIMS As part of an effort to identify drugs to treat this disease model, we have investigated whether the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) could play a protective role, given its effectiveness in the inhibition of brain swelling associated with hyperammonaemia. METHODS Mouse survival, glutamine synthetase activity, hepatocyte apoptosis and induction of inflammatory cytokines were measured in mice treated with MSO before an intraperitoneal injection of LPS/D-GalN. The effect of MSO on viability and on TNF-α release was also assessed on inflammatory and liver cells. RESULTS We have found that, in mice treated with LPS/D-GalN, MSO (i) drastically increases animal survival; (ii) sharply reduces glutamine synthetase activity, without inhibiting its other target, γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase; (iii) inhibits death receptor-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes upstream to cytokine binding; (iv) strongly reduces the overall inflammatory cytokine response, including a significant decrease in TNF-α induction in vivo and ex vivo, and in the interferon-γ level and signalling. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the MSO target glutamine synthetase is required for the early steps of the cytokine response to endotoxins, and that its pharmacological inhibition may be exploited to treat inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta A Jambekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Rasola A, Bernardi P. Mitochondrial permeability transition in Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis and necrosis. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:222-33. [PMID: 21601280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A variety of stimuli utilize an increase of cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration as a second messenger to transmit signals, through Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum or opening of plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels. Mitochondria contribute to the tight spatiotemporal control of this process by accumulating Ca(2+), thus shaping the return of cytosolic Ca(2+) to resting levels. The rise of mitochondrial matrix free Ca(2+) concentration stimulates oxidative metabolism; yet, in the presence of a variety of sensitizing factors of pathophysiological relevance, the matrix Ca(2+) increase can also lead to opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP), a high conductance inner membrane channel. While transient openings may serve the purpose of providing a fast Ca(2+) release mechanism, persistent PTP opening is followed by deregulated release of matrix Ca(2+), termination of oxidative phosphorylation, matrix swelling with inner membrane unfolding and eventually outer membrane rupture with release of apoptogenic proteins and cell death. Thus, a rise in mitochondrial Ca(2+) can convey both apoptotic and necrotic death signals by inducing opening of the PTP. Understanding the signalling networks that govern changes in mitochondrial free Ca(2+) concentration, their interplay with Ca(2+) signalling in other subcellular compartments, and regulation of PTP has important implications in the fine comprehension of the main biological routines of the cell and in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy.
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15
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Gadd45α activity is the principal effector of Shigella mitochondria-dependent epithelial cell death in vitro and ex vivo. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e122. [PMID: 21368893 PMCID: PMC3101704 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of death is a pathogen strategy to establish residence and promote survival in host cells and tissues. Shigella spp. are human pathogens that invade colonic mucosa, where they provoke lesions caused by their ability to manipulate the host cell responses. Shigella spp. induce various types of cell death in different cell populations. However, they are equally able to protect host cells from death. Here, we have investigated on the molecular mechanisms and cell effectors governing the balance between survival and death in epithelial cells infected with Shigella. To explore these aspects, we have exploited both, the HeLa cell invasion assay and a novel ex vivo human colon organ culture model of infection that mimics natural conditions of shigellosis. Our results definitely show that Shigella induces a rapid intrinsic apoptosis of infected cells, via mitochondrial depolarization and the ensuing caspase-9 activation. Moreover, for the first time we identify the eukaryotic stress-response factor growth arrest and DNA damage 45α as a key player in the induction of the apoptotic process elicited by Shigella in epithelial cells, revealing an unexplored role of this molecule in the course of infections sustained by invasive pathogens.
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Azzolin L, Antolini N, Calderan A, Ruzza P, Sciacovelli M, Marin O, Mammi S, Bernardi P, Rasola A. Antamanide, a derivative of Amanita phalloides, is a novel inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16280. [PMID: 21297983 PMCID: PMC3030572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antamanide is a cyclic decapeptide derived from the fungus Amanita phalloides. Here we show that antamanide inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a central effector of cell death induction, by targeting the pore regulator cyclophilin D. Indeed, (i) permeability transition pore inhibition by antamanide is not additive with the cyclophilin D-binding drug cyclosporin A, (ii) the inhibitory action of antamanide on the pore requires phosphate, as previously shown for cyclosporin A; (iii) antamanide is ineffective in mitochondria or cells derived from cyclophilin D null animals, and (iv) abolishes CyP-D peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity. Permeability transition pore inhibition by antamanide needs two critical residues in the peptide ring, Phe6 and Phe9, and is additive with ubiquinone 0, which acts on the pore in a cyclophilin D-independent fashion. Antamanide also abrogates mitochondrial depolarization and the ensuing cell death caused by two well-characterized pore inducers, clotrimazole and a hexokinase II N-terminal peptide. Our findings have implications for the comprehension of cyclophilin D activity on the permeability transition pore and for the development of novel pore-targeting drugs exploitable as cell death inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Azzolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Antolini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Calderan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sciacovelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova and CNR Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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17
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Varin E, Denoyelle C, Brotin E, Meryet-Figuière M, Giffard F, Abeilard E, Goux D, Gauduchon P, Icard P, Poulain L. Downregulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 is sufficient to induce cell death in mesothelioma cells highly refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:984-93. [PMID: 20142415 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis and limited response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Several lines of evidence support a role for the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x(L) in MPM chemoresistance. Since it has been recently suggested that Mcl-1 cooperates with Bcl-x(L) for protection against cell death, we investigated the response of mesothelioma cell lines to the downregulation of Bcl-x(L) (alone or in combination with cisplatin) and the potential interest of its concomitant inhibition with that of Mcl-1. Using RNA interference, we showed that Bcl-x(L) depletion sensitized two highly chemoresistant mesothelioma cell lines to cisplatin and that under this treatment, one cell line, MSTO-211H, displayed an apoptotic type of cell death, whereas the other, NCI-H28, evidenced mainly necrotic-type cell death. Otherwise, the inhibition of Mcl-1 by cisplatin may contribute to this induction of cell death observed after Bcl-x(L) downregulation. Strikingly, we observed that the simultaneous inhibition of Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced a massive cell death in the absence of chemotherapy and was sufficient to avoid escape to treatment in MSTO-211H cells. In NCI-H28, the addition of a low cisplatin concentration allowed to impede the long-term recovery observed after treatment by the siRNA combination. Together, these findings provide a strong molecular basis for the clinical evaluation of therapies targeting both Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Varin
- Unité BioTICLA (Biologie et Thérapies Innovantes des Cancers Localement Agressifs) du Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer (EA 1772, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie et IFR146 ICORE), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
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18
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Activation of mitochondrial ERK protects cancer cells from death through inhibition of the permeability transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107:726-31. [PMID: 20080742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912742107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied human cancer cell models in which we detected constitutive activation of ERK. A fraction of active ERK was found to be located in mitochondria in RWPE-2 cells, obtained by v-Ki-Ras transformation of the epithelial prostate RWPE-1 cell line; in metastatic prostate cancer DU145 cells; and in osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells. All these tumor cells displayed marked resistance to death caused by apoptotic stimuli like arachidonic acid and the BH3 mimetic EM20-25, which cause cell death through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). PTP desensitization and the ensuing resistance to cell death induced by arachidonic acid or EM20-25 could be ablated by inhibiting ERK with the drug PD98059 or with a selective ERK activation inhibitor peptide. ERK inhibition enhanced glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)-dependent phosphorylation of the pore regulator cyclophilin D, whereas GSK-3 inhibition protected from PTP opening. Neither active ERK in mitochondria nor pore desensitization was observed in non-transformed RWPE-1 cells. Thus, in tumor cells mitochondrial ERK activation desensitizes the PTP through a signaling axis that involves GSK-3 and cyclophilin D, a finding that provides a mechanistic basis for increased resistance to apoptosis of neoplastic cells.
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19
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Lustig A, Carter A, Bertak D, Enika D, Vandanmagsar B, Wood W, Becker KG, Weeraratna AT, Taub DD. Transcriptome analysis of murine thymocytes reveals age-associated changes in thymic gene expression. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6:51-64. [PMID: 19214242 PMCID: PMC2640475 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in adaptive immunity, naïve T-cell output and a contraction in the peripheral T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire with age are largely attributable to thymic involution and the loss of critical cytokines and hormones within the thymic microenvironment. To assess the molecular changes associated with this loss of thymic function, we used cDNA microarray analyses to examine the transcriptomes of thymocytes from mice of various ages ranging from very young (1 month) to very old (24 months). Genes associated with various biological and molecular processes including oxidative phosphorylation, T- and B- cell receptor signaling and antigen presentation were observed to significantly change with thymocyte age. These include several immunoglobulin chains, chemokine and ribosomal proteins, annexin A2, vav 1 and several S100 signaling proteins. The increased expression of immunoglobulin genes in aged thymocytes could be attributed to the thymic B cells which were found to be actively producing IgG and IgM antibodies. Upon further examination, we found that purified thymic T cells derived from aged but not young thymi also exhibited IgM on their cell surface suggesting the possible presence of auto-antibodies on the surface thymocytes with advancing age. These studies provide valuable insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with thymic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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20
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Venè R, Larghero P, Arena G, Sporn MB, Albini A, Tosetti F. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta regulates cell death induced by synthetic triterpenoids. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6987-96. [PMID: 18757413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The induction of programmed cell death in premalignant or malignant cancer cells by chemopreventive agents could be a valuable tool to control prostate cancer initiation and progression. In this work, we present evidence that the C-28 methyl ester of the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me) induces cell death in androgen-responsive and unresponsive human prostate cancer cell lines at nanomolar and low micromolar concentrations. CDDO-Me induced caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage; internucleosomal DNA fragmentation; and loss of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction in PC3 and DU145 cells. However, caspase-3 and caspase-8 inhibition by Z-DEVD-fmk and Z-IETD-fmk, respectively, or general caspase inhibition by BOC-D-fmk or Z-VAD-fmk did not rescue loss of cell viability induced by CDDO-Me, suggesting the activation of additional caspase-independent mechanisms. Interestingly, CDDO-Me induced inactivating phosphorylation at Ser(9) of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), a multifunctional kinase that mediates essential events promoting prostate cancer development and acquisition of androgen independence. The GSK3 inhibitor lithium chloride and, more effectively, GSK3 gene silencing sensitized PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells to CDDO-Me cytotoxicity. These data suggest that modulation of GSK3beta activation is involved in the cell death pathway engaged by CDDO-Me in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Venè
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genova, Italy
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21
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Stathopoulou K, Beis I, Gaitanaki C. MAPK signaling pathways are needed for survival of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts under extracellular alkalosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1319-H1329. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01362.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
pH is one of the most important physiological parameters, with its changes affecting the function of vital organs like the heart. However, the effects of alkalosis on the regulation of cardiac myocyte function have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we decided to study whether the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways [c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and p38 MAPK] are activated by alkalosis induced with Tris-Tyrode buffer at two pH values, 8.5 and 9.5, in H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts. These buffers also induced intracellular alkalinization comparable to that induced by 1 mM NH4Cl. The three MAPKs examined presented differential phosphorylation patterns that depended on the severity and the duration of the stimulus. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE)1 by its inhibitor HOE-642 prevented alkalinization and partially attenuated the alkalosis (pH 8.5)-induced activation of these kinases. The same stimulus also promoted c-Jun phosphorylation and enhanced the binding at oligonucleotides bearing the activator protein-1 (AP-1) consensus sequence, all in a JNK-dependent manner. Additionally, mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) was transiently phosphorylated by alkalosis (pH 8.5), and this was abolished by the selective inhibitors of either p38 MAPK or ERK pathways. JNKs also mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation in response to incubation with the alkaline medium (pH 8.5), while selective inhibitors of the three MAPKs diminished cell viability under these conditions. All these data suggest that alkalosis activates MAPKs in H9c2 cells and these kinases, in turn, modify proteins that regulate gene transcription and cell survival.
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22
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Chiara F, Castellaro D, Marin O, Petronilli V, Brusilow WS, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ, Forte M, Bernardi P, Rasola A. Hexokinase II detachment from mitochondria triggers apoptosis through the permeability transition pore independent of voltage-dependent anion channels. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1852. [PMID: 18350175 PMCID: PMC2267038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II hexokinase is overexpressed in most neoplastic cells, and it mainly localizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Hexokinase II dissociation from mitochondria triggers apoptosis. The prevailing model postulates that hexokinase II release from its mitochondrial interactor, the voltage-dependent anion channel, prompts outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and the ensuing release of apoptogenic proteins, and that these events are inhibited by growth factor signalling. Here we show that a hexokinase II N-terminal peptide selectively detaches hexokinase II from mitochondria and activates apoptosis. These events are abrogated by inhibiting two established permeability transition pore modulators, the adenine nucleotide translocator or cyclophilin D, or in cyclophilin D knock-out cells. Conversely, insulin stimulation or genetic ablation of the voltage-dependent anion channel do not affect cell death induction by the hexokinase II peptide. Therefore, hexokinase II detachment from mitochondria transduces a permeability transition pore opening signal that results in cell death and does not require the voltage-dependent anion channel. These findings have profound implications for our understanding of the pathways of outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and their inactivation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Chiara
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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23
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Rasola A, Bernardi P. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its involvement in cell death and in disease pathogenesis. Apoptosis 2008; 12:815-33. [PMID: 17294078 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current research on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and its role in cell death faces a paradox. Initially considered as an in vitro artifact of little pathophysiological relevance, in recent years the PTP has received considerable attention as a potential mechanism for the execution of cell death. The recent successful use of PTP desensitizers in several disease paradigms leaves little doubt about its relevance in pathophysiology; and emerging findings that link the PTP to key cellular signalling pathways are increasing the interest on the pore as a pharmacological target. Yet, recent genetic data have challenged popular views on the molecular nature of the PTP, and called into question many early conclusions about its structure. Here we review basic concepts about PTP structure, function and regulation within the framework of intracellular death signalling, and its role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rasola
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy.
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24
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Kumagai S, Narasaki R, Hasumi K. Glucose-dependent active ATP depletion by koningic acid kills high-glycolytic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 365:362-8. [PMID: 17997978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many types of cancer cells depend heavily on glycolysis for energy production even in aerobic conditions. We found that koningic acid (KA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), selectively kills high-glycolytic cells through glucose-dependent active ATP deprivation. Out of seven tumor cell lines tested, growth of six cell lines, which had high glycolytic capacity, was inhibited by KA, whereas three normal cell lines, which had low glycolytic activity, were insensitive to KA. The growth inhibition and caspase-independent cell death in sensitive cells were related to severe ATP depletion that was promoted by glucose phosphorylation. Although GAPDH was completely inhibited in KA-insensitive CHO-K1 cells, KA-mediated ATP depletion was less extensive and transient, possibly due to utilization of ketogenic essential amino acids as energy source. KA suppressed Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in vivo and benefited the survival of the affected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kumagai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo Noko University, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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25
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Fassetta M, D'Alessandro L, Coltella N, Di Renzo MF, Rasola A. Hepatocyte growth factor installs a survival platform for colorectal cancer cell invasive growth and overcomes p38 MAPK-mediated apoptosis. Cell Signal 2006; 18:1967-76. [PMID: 16677802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces invasive growth, a biological program that confers tumor cells the capability to invade and metastasize by integrating cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis, and survival. We here demonstrate that HGFR activation promotes survival of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells exposed to conditions that mimic those met during tumor progression, i.e. nutrient deprivation or substrate detachment, and following chemotherapeutic treatment. In all these conditions, a sustained activation of p38 MAPK delivers a main death signal that is overcome by cell treatment with HGF. HGF-driven survival requires the engagement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and ERK MAPK transduction pathways. Abrogation of p38 MAPK activity prevents CRC cell apoptosis also when these transduction pathways are inhibited, and treatment with HGF further increases survival. Engagement of these signaling cascades is also needed for HGF to induce CRC cell scattering, morphogenesis, motility and invasion. Activation of p38 MAPK signaling is therefore a main apoptotic switch for CRC cells in the stressful conditions encountered during tumor progression. Conversely, HGF orchestrates several biochemical pathways, which allow cell survival in these same conditions and promote the biological responses required for tumor invasive growth. Both p38 MAPK and HGF/HGFR signaling constitute potential molecular targets for inhibiting colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Fassetta
- Division of Molecular Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
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26
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Rasola A, Fassetta M, De Bacco F, D'Alessandro L, Gramaglia D, Di Renzo MF, Comoglio PM. A positive feedback loop between hepatocyte growth factor receptor and beta-catenin sustains colorectal cancer cell invasive growth. Oncogene 2006; 26:1078-87. [PMID: 16953230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed or activated hepatocyte growth factor receptor, encoded by the MET proto-oncogene, was found in the majority of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), whose stepwise progression to malignancy requires transcriptional activation of beta-catenin. We here demonstrate that a functional crosstalk between Met and beta-catenin signaling sustains and increases CRC cell invasive properties. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation prompts beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation and dissociation from Met, and upregulates beta-catenin expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in conditions that mimic those found by the invading and metastasizing cells. Additionally, a transcriptionally active form of beta-catenin, known to be oncogenic, enhances Met expression. Furthermore, HGF treatment increases the activity of the beta-catenin-regulated T-cell factor transcription factor in cells expressing the wild-type or the oncogenic beta-catenin. In the mirror experiments, either Met or beta-catenin knocking down also reduces their protein level. In biological assays, beta-catenin knocking down abrogates the HGF-induced motile phenotype, whereas active beta-catenin fosters ligand-independent cell scattering. Met and beta-catenin also cooperate in promoting entry into the cell cycle and in protecting cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, Met and beta-catenin pathways are mutually activated in CRC cells. This might generate a self-amplifying positive feedback loop resulting in the upregulation of the invasive growth properties of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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27
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Hilder TL, Carlson GM, Haystead TAJ, Krebs EG, Graves LM. Caspase-3 dependent cleavage and activation of skeletal muscle phosphorylase b kinase. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 275:233-42. [PMID: 16335803 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-2411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylase b kinase (PhK) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of glycogen to glucose in skeletal muscle and ultimately an increase in intracellular ATP. Since apoptosis is an ATP-dependent event, we investigated the regulation of skeletal muscle PhK during apoptosis. Incubation of PhK with purified caspase-3 in vitro resulted in the highly selective cleavage of the regulatory alpha subunit and resulted in a 2-fold increase in PhK activity. Edman protein sequencing of a stable 72 kD amino-terminal fragment and a 66 kD carboxy-terminal fragment revealed a specific caspase-3 cleavage site within the alpha subunit at residue 646 (DWMD G). Treatment of differentiated C2C12 mouse muscle myoblasts with the inducers of apoptosis staurosporine, TPEN, doxorubicin, or UV irradiation resulted in the disappearance of the alpha subunit of PhK as determined by immunoblotting, as well as a concurrent increase in caspase-3 activity. Moreover, induction of apoptosis by TPEN resulted in increased phosphorylase activity and sustained ATP levels throughout a 7 h time course. However, induction of apoptosis with staurosporine, also a potent PhK inhibitor, led to a rapid loss in phosphorylase activity and intracellular ATP, suggesting that PhK inhibition by staurosporine impairs the ability of apoptotic muscle cells to generate ATP. Thus, these studies indicate that PhK may be a substrate for caspase regulation during apoptosis and suggest that activation of this enzyme may be important for the generation of ATP during programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Hilder
- Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-7365, USA
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28
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Sewell JM, Mayer I, Langdon SP, Smyth JF, Jodrell DI, Guichard SM. The mechanism of action of Kahalalide F: variable cell permeability in human hepatoma cell lines. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:1637-44. [PMID: 15953713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kahalalide F (KF) is a small natural peptide that showed activity in vitro and in vivo. The dose-limiting toxicity in clinical trials was transaminitis. We investigated the cytotoxicity of KF in cell lines from breast, ovary, prostate and colon cancers, but focused on hepatoma cell lines, performing mechanistic studies in HepG2 (IC50 = 0.3 microM) and PLC/PRF/5C (IC50 = 5 microM). Following KF exposure, HepG2 cells demonstrated profound ATP depletion, associated with cell swelling and cell blebbing, and increased permeability to propidium iodide (PI), annexin V (AV) and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). PLC/PRF/5C cells retained their cell structure, but were permeable to PI and, following exposure to high concentrations of KF, to AV. The pattern of cell permeability is similar to maitotoxin, another small cytotoxic peptide, but the differential effects on the cell membrane induced by KF in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5C suggest specific interactions with membranes or proteins. This could lead to better drug design aimed at exploiting the potential for cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sewell
- Pharmacology and Drug Development Team, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital
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29
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Soriano ME, Nicolosi L, Bernardi P. Desensitization of the Permeability Transition Pore by Cyclosporin A Prevents Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway and Liver Damage by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:36803-8. [PMID: 15201276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405297200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) administration 1) on the properties of the permeability transition pore (PTP) in mitochondria isolated from the liver and 2) on the susceptibility to hepatotoxicity induced by lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli (LPS) plus D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in rats. CsA exerted a marked PTP inhibition ex vivo, with an effect that peaked between 2 and 9 h of drug treatment and decayed with an apparent half-time of about 13 h. Administration of LPS plus D-GalN to naive rats caused the expected increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, liver inflammation with BID cleavage, activation of caspase 3, appearance of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive nuclei, and release of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase into the bloodstream. Treatment with CsA before or within 5 h of the administration of LPS plus D-GalN protected rats from hepatotoxicity despite the normal increase of serum TNF-alpha and BID cleavage. These results indicate that CsA prevents the hepatotoxic effects of TNF-alpha by blocking the mitochondrial proapoptotic pathway through inhibition of the PTP and provides a viable strategy for the treatment of liver diseases that depend on increased production and/or liver sensitization to TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Soriano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience at the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy
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