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Wang Y, Zhang P, Chai Y, Zang W. Cat eye syndrome caused by 22q11.1q11.21 duplication: case report in a Chinese family. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 37880750 PMCID: PMC10601103 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper presents a report on two uncommon instances of cat eye syndrome in a Chinese family. CASE PRESENTATION The proband, a 23-year-old female, exhibited a diminutive cornea and complete blindness in her right eye, and the uncorrected distance visual acuity of her left eye was 0.7 LogMAR. Peripheral blood chromosome karyotyping reveal a karyotype of 47, XX, + mar. Subsequent analysis of chromosome copy number variation unveiled a 1.5 Mb duplication in the 22q11.1q11.21 region of the proband. The proband's mother,aged 49, displayed small eyes, wide-set eyes, downward slanting eyelids, and congenital heart disease. Chromosome copy number variation analysis also showed a 1.55 Mb duplication in the 22q11.1q11.21 region of chromosome 22 in the proband's mother. Ultimately, both members of this family were diagnosed with cat eye syndrome. CONCLUSION Cat eye syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that greatly affects patients' lives and requires personalized treatment. This study provides new evidence for a better understanding of the diagnosis of cat eye syndrome and emphasizes the importance of genetic counseling and supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 206 Tongqu Road, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Pai Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 206 Tongqu Road, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuqiong Chai
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 206 Tongqu Road, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Zang
- Department of Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 206 Tongqu Road, Luolong District, Luoyang, 471000, Henan Province, China
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Molecular delineation of de novo small supernumerary marker chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis, a retrospective study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:94-100. [PMID: 36720559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the genotype-phenotype correlation of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) and conduct precise genetic counseling, we retrospectively searched and reviewed de novo sSMCs cases detected during prenatal diagnosis at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromosome karyotypes of 20,314 cases of amniotic fluid from pregnant women were performed. For 16 samples with de novo sSMCs, 10 were subjected to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array or low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis. RESULTS Among the 10 sSMCs cases, two sSMCs derived from chromosome 9, and three sSMCs derived from chromosomes 12, 18 and 22. The remaining 5 cases were not identified by SNP array or CNV-seq because they lacked euchromatin or had a low proportion of mosaicism. Four of them with a karyotype of 47,XN,+mar presented normal molecular cytogenetic results (seq[hg19] 46,XN), and the remaining patient with a karyotype of 46,XN,+mar presented with Turner syndrome (seq[hg19] 45,X). Five sSMCs samples were mosaics of all 16 cases. CONCLUSION Considering the variable origins of sSMCs, further genetic testing of sSMCs should be performed by SNP array or CNV-seq. Detailed molecular characterization would allow precise genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis.
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Chien SC, Chen CP, Liou JD. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of uniparental disomy. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:210-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a familial small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from the acrocentric chromosome 14/22. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:364-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abdullah, Li C, Zhao M, Wang X, Li X, Xing J. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with another small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22, a case report. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1797-1802. [PMID: 33968667 PMCID: PMC8100857 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is portrayed as missing or fragmented pubescence, cryptorchidism, small penis, and infertility. Clinically it is characterized by the low level of sex steroids and gonadotropins, normal radiographic findings of the hypothalamic-pituitary areas, and normal baseline and reserve testing of the rest of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes. Delay puberty and infertility result from an abnormal pattern of episodic GnRH secretion. Mutation in a wide range of genes can clarify ~40% of the reasons for IHH, with the majority remaining hereditarily uncharacterized. New and innovative molecular tools enhance our understanding of the molecular controls underlying pubertal development. In this report, we aim to present a 26-year-old male of IHH associated with a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) that originated from chromosome 22. The G-banding analysis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+mar. High-throughput DNA sequencing identified an 8.54 Mb duplication of 22q11.1-q11.23 encompassing all the region of 22q11 duplication syndrome. Pedigree analysis showed that his mother has carried a balanced reciprocal translocation between Chromosomes 22 and X[t(X;22)]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second confirmed case of IHH with an sSMC deriving from chromosome 22. Based on our study, the duplicated chromosome fragment 22q11.1-q11.23 might be the reason for the phenotype of our case. Meanwhile, High-throughput DNA sequencing combined with cytogenetic analysis can provide a more accurate clinical diagnosis for patients carrying sSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minggang Zhao
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junping Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Marchina E, Forti M, Tonelli M, Maccarini S, Malvestiti F, Piantoni C, Filippini E, Fazzi E, Borsani G. Molecular characterization of a complex small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18p: an addition to the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:6. [PMID: 33472639 PMCID: PMC7818575 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are a heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes, with an incidence of 0,044% in newborns that increases up to almost 7 times in developmentally retarded patients. sSMC from all 24 chromosome have been described, most of them originate from the group of the acrocentric, with around half deriving from the chromosome 15. Non-acrocentric sSMC are less common and, in the 30 percent of the cases, are associated with phenotypic effect. Complex sSMC consist of chromosomal material derived from more than one chromosome. Genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with sSMC are difficult to assess. Clinical features depend on factors such as its size, genetic content, the involvement of imprinted genes which may be influenced by uniparental disomy and the level of mosaicism. Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 18 (18p) is an infrequent finding and does not appear to be associated with a specific syndrome. However, mild intellectual disability with or without other anomalies is reported in almost one-third of the patients. Case presentation Here we present clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of de novo complex sSMC consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18p associated with a centromere of either chromosome 13 or 21, evidenced in a 5-year-old boy during diagnostic workup for moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphisms. To date, only seven cases of isolated trisomy 18p due to a sSMC have been reported, three of which have been characterized by array CGH. In two of them the breakpoints and the size of the duplication have been described. In the manuscript we also reviewed cases reported in the DECIPHER database carrying similar duplication and also considered smaller duplications within the region of interest, in order to evaluate the presence of critical regions implicated in the pathological phenotype. Conclusions Our case provides additional information about phenotypic effects of pure trisomy 18p, confirms chromosomal microarray analysis as gold standard to characterize complex sSMC, and supplies additional elements for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Marchina
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michela Forti
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariella Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccarini
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Piantoni
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Filippini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Civil Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borsani
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Xue H, Chen X, Lin M, Lin N, Huang H, Yu A, Xu L. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes: analysis of three prenatal cases using chromosome microarray analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2135-2148. [PMID: 33318309 PMCID: PMC7880375 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes cannot be accurately identified by G-banding, and the related phenotypes vary greatly. It is essential to specify the origin, size, and gene content of marker chromosomes using molecular cytogenetic techniques. Herein, three fetuses with de novo marker chromosomes were initially identified by G-banding. Single nucleotide polymorphism array and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to characterize the origins of the marker chromosomes. The karyotypes of the three fetuses were 47,XY,+mar, 46,X,+mar[32]/45,X[68], and 45,X[62]/46,X,+mar[9]. In case 1, the karyotype was confirmed as 47,XY,+ idic(22)(q11.2). Therefore, the sSMC originated from chromosome 22 and was associated with cat eye syndrome. In case 2, the marker chromosome derived from ring chromosome X, and the karyotype was interpreted as 45,X[68]/46,X,+r(X)(p11.1q21.31)[32]. Meanwhile, the karyotype of case 3 was defined as 45,X[62]/46,X,idic(Y)(q11.2) and the marker chromosome originated from chromosome Y. Case 1 continued the pregnancy, whereas the other two pregnancies underwent elective termination. The detailed characterization of marker chromosomes can facilitate informed decision making, prevent uncertainty, and provide proper prognostic assessments. Our findings emphasize the importance for combining cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques in marker chromosome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xue
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Aili Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Department of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chen CY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Pan CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 3. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 58:864-868. [PMID: 31759544 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 3. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 19 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[6]/46,XX[18]. The mother's karyotype was 47,XX,+mar[4]/46,XX[46]. The father's karyotype was 46.XY. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis of uncultured amniocytes revealed a result of arr 3q11.1q12.1 (93,575,285-98,956,687) × 2-3 [GRCh37 (hg19)]. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. The parents elected to continue the pregnancy, and a 2470-g female baby was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation without phenotypic abnormalities. The cord blood had a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[8]/46,XX[32]. aCGH analysis of cord blood revealed a result of arr 3q11.1q11.2 (93,649,973-97,137,764) × 2.4 [GRCh37 (hg19)] with a log2 ratio of 0.25 and a 30-40% mosaicism for 3.488-Mb dosage increase in 3q11.1-q11.2 encompassing four [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)] genes of PROS1, ARL13B, NSUN3 and EPHA6. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed 30% (6/20 cells) mosaicism for the sSMC(3) in the blood lymphocytes. CONCLUSION aCGH and FISH analyses are useful for perinatal investigation of a prenatally detected sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsang-Ming Ko
- Genephile Bioscience Laboratory, Ko's Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sun M, Wang R, Zhang H, Jiang Y, He J, Li S, Liu R. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of small supernumerary marker 15 in infertile male: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2927-2932. [PMID: 32256778 PMCID: PMC7086184 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are defined as structurally abnormal chromosomes that may be detected pre- or postnataly in patients with developmental and/or mental retardation or infertility. sSMC on chromosome 15 accounts for the highest proportion of all sSMCs and may be detected in subfertile individuals. The present study reports the case of a male patient with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and an sSMC. The sSMC was identified and characterized according to G-banding analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Chromosomal karyotype analysis suggested that the patient presented with 47,XY,+mar. CMA was used to characterize the sSMC, which revealed a 0.44-Mb microduplication in 6q25.3q26. Subsequently, FISH using centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 13/21, 14/22 and 15 was applied to identify the origin of the sSMC, which was finally determined to be inverted duplicated(15)(q11.2). It was hypothesized that heterochromatin in the sSMC is responsible for the patient's fertility problem. The presence of heterochromatin may disrupt regular meiosis, thereby affecting normal spermatogenesis. Impaired spermatogenesis in infertile males with an sSMC derived from chromosome 15 was also reviewed by searching published literature and the sSMC database (http://ssmc-tl.com/sSMC.html). For patients with low sperm parameters and complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, including infertile males with an sSMC with spermatozoa, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is considered as an effective assisted reproductive technique. It may be concluded that molecular cytogenetic techniques are critical tools for delineating sSMCs in infertile males and may be beneficial in identifying sSMC carriers to ensure they receive clinical genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Cheng D, Yuan S, Yi D, Luo K, Xu F, Gong F, Lu C, Lu G, Lin G, Tan YQ. Analysis of molecular cytogenetic features and PGT-SR for two infertile patients with small supernumerary marker chromosomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2533-2539. [PMID: 31720922 PMCID: PMC6911115 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement (PGT-SR) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) be used to infertile patients carrying small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs)? DESIGN In this study, two infertile patients carrying ring sSMCs were recruited. Different molecular cytogenetic techniques were performed to identify the features of the two sSMCs, followed by clinical PGT-SR cycles. RESULTS The results of G-banding and FISH showed that patient 1's sSMC originated from the 8p23-p10 region, with a resulting karyotype of [ 47,XY, del(8)(p23p10), +r(8)(p23p10).ish del(8)(CEP8+,subtle 8p+,subtle 8q+),r(8)(CEP8+,subtle 8p-,subtle 8q-)[55/60].arr(1-22) ×2,(X,Y)×1]. The sSMC of patient 2 was derived from chromosome 3 and further microdissection with next-generation sequencing (MicroSeq) revealed it contained the region of chromosome 3 between 93,504,855 and 103,839,892 bp (GRCh37), which involved 52 known genes. So the karyotype of patient 2 was 47,XX, +mar.ish der(3)(CEP3+,subtle 3p-,subtle 3q-)[49/60].arr[GRCh37] 3q11.2q13.1(93,500,001_103,839,892) ×3(0.5). PGT-SR with NGS was performed to provide reproductive guidance for the two patients. For patient 1, four balanced euploid embryos and four embryos with partial trisomy/monosomy of (8p23.1-8p11.21) were obtained, and a balanced euploid embryo was successfully implanted and had resulted in a healthy baby. For patient 2, an embryo with monosomy of sex chromosomes and another embryo with a duplication at (3q11-q13.1), neither of which was available for implantation. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the origins and structural characteristics of rare sSMCs should rely on different molecular cytogenetic techniques. PGT-SR is an alternative fertility treatment for these patients carrying sSMCs. This study may provide directions for the assisted reproductive therapy for infertile patients with sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Cheng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shimin Yuan
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Duo Yi
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Keli Luo
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Changfu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China.
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Ramos S, Rodríguez R, Castro O, Grether P, Molina B, Frias S. Presence of 15p Marker D15Z1 on the Short Arm of Acrocentric Chromosomes is Associated with Aneuploid Offspring in Mexican Couples. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5251. [PMID: 31652755 PMCID: PMC6862356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in the location of the 15p region D15Z1 is recognized as a polymorphism in several human populations. We used high-stringency Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) to detect D15Z1 in a Mexican cohort. Here, we report the presence of extra D15Z1 sequences on the p-arm of acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 in two groups of Mexican couples, one with healthy offspring (n = 75) and the other with aneuploid offspring (n = 87), mainly trisomy 21. The additional D15Z1 polymorphism was significantly increased in individuals with aneuploid offspring (26.4%), in comparison to individuals with healthy offspring (14%). The most frequent acceptor chromosome of D15Z1 was chromosome 13p, followed by 14p, and finally, 21p. Our results show an overall frequency of 21.6% of this polymorphism in the Mexican population and suggest that its presence might be associated with the mis-segregation of other acrocentric chromosomes and aneuploid offspring. The high frequency of the polymorphism of the D15Z1 sequence on acrocentric chromosomes other than 15 suggests a sequence homogenization of the acrocentric p arms, related to the important function of the centromere and the nucleolar organization region, which flank satellite III DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Bertha Molina
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Possible Phenotypic Consequences of Structural Differences in Idic(15) in a Small Cohort of Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194935. [PMID: 31590400 PMCID: PMC6801911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among human supernumerary marker chromosomes, the occurrence of isodicentric form of 15 origin is relatively well known due to its high frequency, both in terms of gene content and associated clinical symptoms. The associated epilepsy and autism are typically more severe than in cases with interstitial 15q duplication, despite copy number gain of approximately the same genomic region. Other mechanisms besides segmental aneuploidy and epigenetic changes may also cause this difference. Among the factors influencing the expression of members of the GABAA gene cluster, the imprinting effect and copy number differences has been debated. Limited numbers of studies investigate factors influencing the interaction of GABAA cluster homologues. Five isodicentric (15) patients are reported with heterogeneous symptoms, and structural differences of their isodicentric chromosomes based on array comparative genomic hybridization results. Relations between the structure and the heterogeneous clinical picture are discussed, raising the possibility that the structure of the isodicentric (15), which has an asymmetric breakpoint and consequently a lower copy number segment, would be the basis of the imbalance of the GABAA homologues. Studies of trans interaction and regulation of GABAA cluster homologues are needed to resolve this issue, considering copy number differences within the isodicentric chromosome 15.
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13
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Slimani W, Ben Khelifa H, Dimassi S, Chioukh FZ, Jelloul A, Kammoun M, Hannachi H, Bouslah S, Jammali N, Sanlaville D, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Clinical and molecular findings in nine new cases of tetrasomy 18p syndrome: FISH and array CGH characterization. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30774715 PMCID: PMC6368812 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes (sSMC) are rare chromosomal abnormalities, which have abnormal banding arrangement and take many shapes. Several disorders have been correlated with sSMC presence. The aim of this study is to characterize the sSMC derived from chromosome 18 by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS Nine children with dysmorphic features have been investigated. They have these features in common: a triangular face, low-set ears, a large mouth with a thin upper lip, and a horizontal palpebral fissure. Epicanthus and strabismus were present in two patients. In addition, we have noticed microcephaly and mental and/or developmental delay with low birth weight. However, two patients had standard birth weight; one patient had hypospadias; two had skin problems; and three showed different congenital heart defects. One patient had corpus callosum hypoplasia. Systematic karyotype analysis revealed a de novo supernumerary chromosome. Array CGH showed a gain in copy number on the short arm of chromosome 18 in the nine cases. In one case, the sSMC seemed to be in mosaic. The breakpoints of the marker were identified using aCGH and FISH. Thus, the sSMC led to 18p tetrasomy with approximately 14 Mb lengths, between 364344 and 14763575 based on the human genome version 18. CONCLUSIONS These results have been completed by FISH in order to ascertain the shape of the sSMC. Our results confirm the uniqueness and particularity of the iso18p syndrome on the phenotypic as well as on the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Slimani
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hela Ben Khelifa
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Afef Jelloul
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Molka Kammoun
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Hannachi
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Bouslah
- Pediatric department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Jammali
- Department of Child psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hopital Farhat Hached, UR035P2, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Laboratory of Human cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hopital Farhat Hached, UR035P2, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
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14
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Saberzadeh J, Miri MR, Dianatpour M, Behzad Behbahani A, Tabei MB, Alipour M, Faghihi MA, Fardaei M. The First Case of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 18 in a Klinefelter Fetus: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:65-69. [PMID: 30666078 PMCID: PMC6330521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), or markers, are abnormal chromosomal fragments that can be hereditary or de novo. Despite the importance of sSMCs diagnosis, de novo sSMCs are rarely detected during the prenatal diagnosis process. Usually, prenatally diagnosed de novo sSMCs cannot be correlated with a particular phenotype without knowing their chromosomal origin and content; therefore, molecular cytogenetic techniques are applied to achieve this goal. The present study aimed to characterize an sSMC in a case of Klinefelter syndrome using an in-house microsatellite analysis method and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Amniotic fluid was collected from a pregnant woman who was considered to have risk factors for trisomy higher than the screening cut-off. Karyotype analysis was followed by the amplification of different microsatellite loci and FISH technique. Karyotype analysis identified a fetus with an extra X chromosome and also an sSMC with unknown identity. Further investigation of the parents showed that the sSMC is de novo. Microsatellite amplification by quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) and FISH analysis showed that the sSMC is a derivative of chromosome 18. Eventually, the patient decided to terminate the pregnancy. Here, the first case of the coincidence of sSMC 18 in a Klinefelter fetus is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Miri
- Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Transgenic Technology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Bagher Tabei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Transgenic Technology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Majid Fardaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Transgenic Technology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
,Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
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15
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Bisgin A, Tuğ Bozdoğan S. Epilepsi ve anlıksal yetiyitimi olan hastalarda moleküler karyotiplemenin klinik yararı. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.376982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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16
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Isobe K, Matsumoto H, Tamura Y, Hashimoto J, Matsubara K, Nonoyama S. Infantile spasms in a mosaic monocentric and duplicated SMC 15 patient. Brain Dev 2018; 40:891-896. [PMID: 29960745 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report detail of a patient with infantile spasms whose cytogenetic analysis revealed mosaic monocentric and duplicated supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) 15. SUBJECT AND METHODS The subject for this case was a 13-month-old girl with infantile spasms and delayed developmental milestones. Chromosomal analysis with G-band showed the presence of SMC in mosaic. Further investigations using in situ hybridization, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA), microsatellite marker, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis were performed. RESULTS Her karyotype was noted as mosaic 47,XX,+mar[26]/46,XX[4], ish der(15)(D15Z1+, SNRPN++, PML-) de novo. MS-MLPA analysis showed that the Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome critical region is highly methylated, and microsatellite marker analysis proved that the 15q11.2 region of the patient comprises three kinds of alleles: one paternal and two maternal. SNP array analysis suggested an asymmetric structure of SMC(15) composed of 15q11-q13 recombination at breakpoint (BP) 4:BP5. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of SMC(15) with monocentric and duplicated proximal 15q. The clinical presentations are quite similar to those of isodicentric chromosome 15 syndrome. The results of microsatellite and SNP array analysis suggest two possibilities regarding the timing of the mosaic SMC(15) formation. One possibility is that it occurred during maternal meiosis, and the other possibility is formation during a very early stage of embryo development that was initially trisomic of chromosome 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Isobe
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Junya Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 5-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8535, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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17
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Grochowski CM, Gu S, Yuan B, Tcw J, Brennand KJ, Sebat J, Malhotra D, McCarthy S, Rudolph U, Lindstrand A, Chong Z, Levy DL, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. Marker chromosome genomic structure and temporal origin implicate a chromoanasynthesis event in a family with pleiotropic psychiatric phenotypes. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:939-946. [PMID: 29696747 PMCID: PMC5995661 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are chromosomal fragments difficult to characterize genomically. Here, we detail a proband with schizoaffective disorder and a mother with bipolar disorder with psychotic features who present with a marker chromosome that segregates with disease. We explored the architecture of this marker and investigated its temporal origin. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis revealed three duplications and three triplications that spanned the short arm of chromosome 9, suggestive of a chromoanasynthesis-like event. Segregation of marker genotypes, phased using sSMC mosaicism in the mother, provided evidence that it was generated during a germline-level event in the proband's maternal grandmother. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to resolve the structure and junctions of the chromosomal fragments, revealing further complexities. While structural variations have been previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and marker chromosomes, here we detail the precise architecture, human life-cycle genesis, and propose a DNA replicative/repair mechanism underlying formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shen Gu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Julia Tcw
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Shane McCarthy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Genetics and the Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deborah L Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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18
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Tesner P, Vlckova M, Drabova J, Vseticka J, Klimova A, Lastuvkova J, Zidovska J, Kremlikova Pourova R, Hancarova M, Sedlacek Z, Kocarek E. Molecular Cytogenetic Diagnostics of Marker Chromosomes: Analysis in Four Prenatal Cases and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation of Carriers. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:187-195. [DOI: 10.1159/000488790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal finding of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a challenge for genetic counseling. Our analytic algorithm is based on sSMC frequencies and multicolor FISH to accelerate the procedure. The chromosomal origin, size, and degree of mosaicism of the sSMC then determine the prognosis. We illustrate the effectiveness on 4 prenatally identified de novo mosaic sSMCs derived from chromosomes 13/21, X, 3, and 17. Three sSMC carriers had a good prognosis and apparently healthy children were born, showing no abnormality till the last examination at the age of 4 years. One case had a poor prognosis, and the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy. Our work contributes to the laboratory and clinical management of prenatally detected sSMCs. FISH is a reliable method for fast sSMC evaluation and prognosis assessment; it prevents unnecessary delays and uncertainty, allows informed decision making, and reduces unnecessary pregnancy terminations.
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19
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Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 11. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 56:394-397. [PMID: 28600058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 11. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old, gravida 3, para 2, woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[18]/46,XX[4]. The parental karyotypes were normal. Level II ultrasound findings were unremarkable. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on the DNA extracted from cultured amniocytes revealed no genomic imbalance. The sSMC was characterized by spectral karyotyping (SKY) using 24-color SKY probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a whole chromosome paint (wcp) probe and a CEP11 (D11Z1) probe. The result was 47,XX,+mar.ish(11)(SKY+, wcp11+, D11Z1+)[16]/46,XX[4], indicating that the sSMC was derived from chromosome 11. A healthy female baby was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation with no phenotypic abnormalities. The cord blood had a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[32]/46,XX[8]. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis of the blood excluded uniparental disomy 11. The female infant was normal in growth and psychomotor development during follow-ups at two months of age. CONCLUSION aCGH, SKY and FISH are useful in prenatal diagnosis of an sSMC derived from the centromeric region of a non-acrocentric chromosome.
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20
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Saxena D, Srivastava P, Tuteja M, Mandal K, Phadke SR. Phenotypic characterization of derivative 22 syndrome: case series and review. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Chen CP, Chen M, Chern SR, Chang SP, Chen SW, Lai ST, Chen WL, Lee MS, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 21. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:566-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Grati FR, Malvestiti F, Branca L, Agrati C, Maggi F, Simoni G. Chromosomal mosaicism in the fetoplacental unit. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 42:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Hochstenbach R, Nowakowska B, Volleth M, Ummels A, Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A, Obersztyn E, Ziemkiewicz K, Gerloff C, Schanze D, Zenker M, Muschke P, Schanze I, Poot M, Liehr T. Multiple Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes Resulting from Maternal Meiosis I or II Errors. Mol Syndromol 2016; 6:210-21. [PMID: 26997941 PMCID: PMC4772618 DOI: 10.1159/000441408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present 2 cases with multiple de novo supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), each derived from a different chromosome. In a prenatal case, we found mosaicism for an sSMC(4), sSMC(6), sSMC(9), sSMC(14) and sSMC(22), while a postnatal case had an sSMC(4), sSMC(8) and an sSMC(11). SNP-marker segregation indicated that the sSMC(4) resulted from a maternal meiosis II error in the prenatal case. Segregation of short tandem repeat markers on the sSMC(8) was consistent with a maternal meiosis I error in the postnatal case. In the latter, a boy with developmental/psychomotor delay, autism, hyperactivity, speech delay, and hypotonia, the sSMC(8) was present at the highest frequency in blood. By comparison to other patients with a corresponding duplication, a minimal region of overlap for the phenotype was identified, with CHRNB3 and CHRNA6 as dosage-sensitive candidate genes. These genes encode subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We propose that overproduction of these subunits leads to perturbed component stoichiometries with dominant negative effects on the function of nAChRs, as was shown by others in vitro. With the limitation that in each case only one sSMC could be studied, our findings demonstrate that different meiotic errors lead to multiple sSMCs. We relate our findings to age-related aneuploidy in female meiosis and propose that predivision sister-chromatid separation during meiosis I or II, or both, may generate multiple sSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Hochstenbach
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of the Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Amber Ummels
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of the Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Ziemkiewicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of the Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia Gerloff
- University Women's Clinic, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ina Schanze
- Department of Human Genetics, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Poot
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Department of Human Genetics, University Clinic, Jena, Germany
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24
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Melo BCS, Portocarrero A, Alves C, Sampaio A, Mota-Vieira L. Paternal Transmission of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 15 Identified in Prenatal Diagnosis Due to Advanced Maternal Age. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2015; 8:93-6. [PMID: 26523119 PMCID: PMC4622419 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s31958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is always a challenge. In this study, we report a paternally inherited case of a small SMC(15) that was identified in prenatal diagnosis due to advanced maternal age. A 39-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation. A fetal abnormal karyotype – 47,XX,+mar – with one sSMC was detected in all metaphases. Since this sSMC was critical in the parental decision to continue or interrupt this pregnancy, we proceeded to study the fetus and their parents. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses revealed a fetal karyotype 47,XX,+mar pat.ish idic(15)(ql2)(D15Zl++,SNRPN−), in which the sSMC(15) was a paternally inherited inverted duplicated chromosome and did not contain the critical region of Prader–Willi/Angelman syndromes. Moreover, fetal uniparental disomy was excluded. Based on this information and normal obstetric ultrasounds, the parents decided to proceed with the pregnancy and a phenotypically normal girl was born at 39 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, the clinical effects of sSMCs need to be investigated, especially when sSMCs are encountered at prenatal diagnosis. Here, although the paternal sSMC(15) was not associated with an abnormal phenotype, its characterization allows more accurate genetic counseling for the family progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C S Melo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE, Ponta Delgada, Azores Islands, Portugal
| | - Ana Portocarrero
- Genética Médica e Diagnóstico Pré-Natal Professor Doutor Sérgio Castedo, SA, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Alves
- Genética Médica e Diagnóstico Pré-Natal Professor Doutor Sérgio Castedo, SA, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Sampaio
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE, Ponta Delgada, Azores Islands, Portugal
| | - Luisa Mota-Vieira
- Molecular Genetics and Pathology Unit, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, EPE, Ponta Delgada, Azores Islands, Portugal. ; Azores Genetics Research Group, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal. ; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Jafari-Ghahfarokhi H, Moradi-Chaleshtori M, Liehr T, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Teimori H, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P. Small supernumerary marker chromosomes and their correlation with specific syndromes. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:140. [PMID: 26322288 PMCID: PMC4544121 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.161542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a structurally abnormal chromosome. It is an additional chromosome smaller than one chromosome most often lacking a distinct banding pattern and is rarely identifiable by conventional banding cytogenetic analysis. The origin and composition of an sSMC is recognizable by molecular cytogenetic analysis. These sSMCs are seen in different shapes, including the ring, centric minute, and inverted duplication shapes. The effects of sSMCs on the phenotype depend on factors such as size, genetic content, and the level of the mosaicism. The presence of an sSMC causes partial tris- or tetrasomy, and 70% of the sSMC carriers are clinically normal, while 30% are abnormal in some way. In 70% of the cases the sSMC is de novo, in 20% it is inherited from the mother, and in 10% it is inherited from the father. An sSMC can be causative for specific syndromes such as Emanuel, Pallister-Killian, or cat eye syndromes. There may be more specific sSMC-related syndromes, which may be identified by further investigation. These 10 syndromes can be useful for genetic counseling after further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Jafari-Ghahfarokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | | | - Hossein Teimori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Payam Ghasemi-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Faculty, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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26
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Chen CP, Chen M, Su YN, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chang SP, Kuo YL, Chen WL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 15. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:129-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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27
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Malvestiti F, De Toffol S, Grimi B, Chinetti S, Marcato L, Agrati C, Di Meco AM, Frascoli G, Trotta A, Malvestiti B, Ruggeri A, Dulcetti F, Maggi F, Simoni G, Grati FR. De novo
small supernumerary marker chromosomes detected on 143 000 consecutive prenatal diagnoses: chromosomal distribution, frequencies, and characterization combining molecular cytogenetics approaches. Prenat Diagn 2014; 34:460-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Malvestiti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Simona De Toffol
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Beatrice Grimi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Sara Chinetti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Livia Marcato
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Cristina Agrati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Meco
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Giuditta Frascoli
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Trotta
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Barbara Malvestiti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Anna Ruggeri
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Francesca Dulcetti
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Federico Maggi
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Giuseppe Simoni
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Grati
- Research and Development, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology; TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays; Busto Arsizio Varese Italy
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28
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Abstract
Double balanced translocations are particularly rare and the risk of a fetus with an unbalanced chromosomal anomaly is greater than for single translocation carriers. In this present case, we describe an interesting family history which included three generations. A couple, married for 4 years, was referred to the genetic clinic due to infertility and family chromosome anomalies. A GTG-band chromosome analysis indicated that the male partner’s karyotype was 45,XY, t(3;18)(q11;ptel)t(13;14)(q10;q10). The same double balanced translocation was found in two others family members.
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29
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Plaja A, Lloveras E, Martinez-Bouzas C, Barreña B, Del Campo M, Fernández A, Herrero M, Barranco L, Palau N, López-Aríztegui MA, Català V, Tejada MI. Trisomy 18p caused by a supernumerary marker with a chromosome 13/21 centromere: a possible recurrent chromosome aberration. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2363-8. [PMID: 23894094 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of two new patients with a complex supernumerary marker consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18 with a chromosome 13/21 centromere. One patient is a girl with a nonsyndromic intellectual disability and the second is a prenatally diagnosed fetus. To our knowledge, these are the fourth and fifth such cases to be described in the literature, suggesting the existence of a possible recurring constitutional structural chromosome abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Plaja
- Citogenética, General Lab-Laboratoris d'Anàlisis, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Chen CP, Ko TM, Chen YY, Su JW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome. Gene 2013; 527:384-8. [PMID: 23747353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We present prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome (CES) using cultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with fetal microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, left renal hypoplasia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return with dominant right heart and right ear deformity. The sSMC was bisatellited and dicentric, and was characterized by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The SALSA MLPA P250-B1 DiGeorge Probemix showed duplication of gene dosage in the CES region. aCGH showed a 1.26-Mb duplication at 22q11.1-q11.21 encompassing CECR1-CECR7. The sSMC was likely inv dup(22) (q11.21). Prenatal diagnosis of an sSMC(22) at amniocentesis should alert CES. MLPA, aCGH and fetal ultrasound are useful for rapid diagnosis of CES in case of prenatally detected sSMC(22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Derivative 11;22 (emanuel) syndrome: a case report and a review. Case Rep Pediatr 2013; 2013:237935. [PMID: 23691404 PMCID: PMC3652044 DOI: 10.1155/2013/237935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare anomaly characterized by a distinctive phenotype, consisting of characteristic facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, developmental delay, renal anomalies, congenital cardiac defects, and genital anomalies in boys. Here, we report a male neonate, with the classical features of Emanuel syndrome.
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32
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Marle N, Martinet D, Aboura A, Joly-Helas G, Andrieux J, Flori E, Puechberty J, Vialard F, Sanlaville D, Fert Ferrer S, Bourrouillou G, Tabet AC, Quilichini B, Simon-Bouy B, Bazin A, Becker M, Stora H, Amblard S, Doco-Fenzy M, Molina Gomes D, Girard-Lemaire F, Cordier MP, Satre V, Schneider A, Lemeur N, Chambon P, Jacquemont S, Fellmann F, Vigouroux-Castera A, Molignier R, Delaye A, Pipiras E, Liquier A, Rousseau T, Mosca AL, Kremer V, Payet M, Rangon C, Mugneret F, Aho S, Faivre L, Callier P. Molecular characterization of 39 de novo sSMC: contribution to prognosis and genetic counselling, a prospective study. Clin Genet 2013; 85:233-44. [PMID: 23489061 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be characterized by karyotype. In many prenatal cases of de novo sSMC, the outcome of pregnancy is difficult to predict because the euchromatin content is unclear. This study aimed to determine the presence or absence of euchromatin material of 39 de novo prenatally ascertained sSMC by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Cases were prospectively ascertained from the study of 65,000 prenatal samples [0.060%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.042-0.082]. Array-CGH showed that 22 markers were derived from non-acrocentric markers (56.4%) and 7 from acrocentic markers (18%). The 10 additional cases remained unidentified (25.6%), but 7 of 10 could be further identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization; 69% of de novo sSMC contained euchromatin material, 95.4% of which for non-acrocentric markers. Some sSMC containing euchromatin had a normal phenotype (31% for non-acrocentric and 75% for acrocentric markers). Statistical differences between normal and abnormal phenotypes were shown for the size of the euchromatin material (more or less than 1 Mb, p = 0.0006) and number of genes (more or less than 10, p = 0.0009). This study is the largest to date and shows the utility of array-CGH or SNP array in the detection and characterization of de novo sSMC in a prenatal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marle
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Le Bocage, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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33
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Bertini V, Viola D, Vitti P, Simi P, Valetto A. An idic(15) associated with POF (premature ovarian failure): molecular cytogenetic definition of a case and review of the literature. Gene 2012; 503:123-5. [PMID: 22575723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 36-year-old infertile woman, presenting a premature ovarian failure with an otherwise normal female phenotype. Cytogenetic analyses showed the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome, that was characterized by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and array CGH (comparative genomic hybridization). This marker chromosome was derived from chromosome 15, and contained only heterochromatic material. The Prader Willi/Angelman region was not present. No duplications of the 15q regions were detected by array CGH. Supernumerary markers of chromosome 15 have been reported in cases of infertility and amenorrhea, that is also described in cases with marker derived by other acrocentric chromosomes. The case here presented constitutes a further example that etiology of POF is not always associated with a defective gene, but in some cases oocytes atresia can be the consequence of the abnormal meiotic pairing of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bertini
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Unit, Children Department, A.O.U. Pisana, S. Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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34
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Wellesley D, Dolk H, Boyd PA, Greenlees R, Haeusler M, Nelen V, Garne E, Khoshnood B, Doray B, Rissmann A, Mullaney C, Calzolari E, Bakker M, Salvador J, Addor MC, Draper E, Rankin J, Tucker D. Rare chromosome abnormalities, prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rates from population-based congenital anomaly registers in Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:521-6. [PMID: 22234154 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence and types of rare chromosome abnormalities (RCAs) in Europe for 2000-2006 inclusive, and to describe prenatal diagnosis rates and pregnancy outcome. Data held by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies database were analysed on all the cases from 16 population-based registries in 11 European countries diagnosed prenatally or before 1 year of age, and delivered between 2000 and 2006. Cases were all unbalanced chromosome abnormalities and included live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks gestation and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. There were 10,323 cases with a chromosome abnormality, giving a total birth prevalence rate of 43.8/10,000 births. Of these, 7335 cases had trisomy 21,18 or 13, giving individual prevalence rates of 23.0, 5.9 and 2.3/10,000 births, respectively (53, 13 and 5% of all reported chromosome errors, respectively). In all, 473 cases (5%) had a sex chromosome trisomy, and 778 (8%) had 45,X, giving prevalence rates of 2.0 and 3.3/10,000 births, respectively. There were 1,737 RCA cases (17%), giving a prevalence of 7.4/10,000 births. These included triploidy, other trisomies, marker chromosomes, unbalanced translocations, deletions and duplications. There was a wide variation between the registers in both the overall prenatal diagnosis rate of RCA, an average of 65% (range 5-92%) and the prevalence of RCA (range 2.4-12.9/10,000 births). In all, 49% were liveborn. The data provide the prevalence of families currently requiring specialised genetic counselling services in the perinatal period for these conditions and, for some, long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wellesley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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35
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Boutry-Kryza N, Labalme A, Till M, Schluth-Bolard C, Langue J, Turleau C, Edery P, Sanlaville D. An 800 kb deletion at 17q23.2 including the MED13 (THRAP1) gene, revealed by aCGH in a patient with a SMC 17p. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 158A:400-5. [PMID: 22162340 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on clinical and cytogenetic studies in a 7-year-old child with moderate intellectual disability, short stature, mild dysmorphism, and hearing loss. R-chromosome banding showed a de novo autosomal marker originating from the 17p chromosome segment in all cells analyzed. Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) was used to determine the gene content and proximal and distal breakpoints of the small supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC). These breakpoints mapped to the centromere of chromosome 17 and the 17p11.2 region, respectively. Unexpectedly, aCGH analysis also revealed a de novo deletion of 800 kb encompassing six genes in the 17q23.2 region, including MED13 (also known as THRAP1). We compared our patient with other reported cases of SMC(17), to determine the respective contributions of the duplication and the deletion to the phenotype. We cannot entirely exclude a minor role for the SMC(17), but we suggest that MED13 haploinsufficiency was responsible for the phenotype of the patient particularly the cataract, hearing loss and semicircular canal dysplasia. Moreover, this report highlights the usefulness of aCGH for the specification of gene content in cases of abnormality, facilitating the establishment of accurate phenotype-genotype correlations and the detection of other, complex rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boutry-Kryza
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Clinique, Lyon, France
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36
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Fei X, Qi M, Zhao Y, Li-Ling J. Identification and characterization of a complex pure mosaic of small supernumerary marker chromosomes involving 11p11.12 → q12.1 and 19p12 → q12 regions in a child featuring multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:3116-21. [PMID: 22069249 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unstable, gene-rich pericentric regions have been associated with various structural aberrations including small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs). We hereby report on a complex pure mosaic sSMCs derived from chromosomes 11 and 19 in a child featuring multiple congenital anomalies. As indicated by microarray analysis, the sSMCs have involved materials from 11p11.12 → q12.1 and 19p12 → q12 in complex forms (with four cell lines harboring from 1 to 4 sSMCs) in all peripheral blood lymphocytes. The patient featured facial dysmorphism, generalized hypotonia, cryptorchidism, transverse palmar creases, cerebral hemorrhage, atrial septal defect secundum, strabismus, epilepsy, immunodeficiency, and severe cognitive and motor impairment. Literature review indicated this to be a unique sSMCs case simultaneously involving chromosomes 11 and 19, with one sSMC containing materials from the both chromosomes. We propose that the involved chromosomal regions may contain dosage-sensitive genes which are important for the development, and that the sSMCs derived from multiple origins have formed by a complex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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37
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Hu J, Madan-Khetarpal S, Serrano Russi AH, Kochmar S, DeWard SJ, Sathanoori M, Surti U. Three supernumerary marker chromosomes in a patient with developmental delay, mental retardation, and dysmorphic features. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:185271. [PMID: 22567345 PMCID: PMC3335458 DOI: 10.4061/2011/185271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We characterized three supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) simultaneously present in a 2-year- and 10-month-old male patient with mental retardation and dysmorphic features. Peripheral blood chromosome analysis revealed two to three SMCs in 25/26 cells analyzed. The remaining one cell had one SMC. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) showed mosaicism for gains of 5q35.3, 15q11.2q13.3, and 18p11.21q11.1 regions. All three gains contain multiple OMIM genes. FISH studies indicated that one of the SMCs is a dicentric ring 15 with two copies of the 15q11.2q13.3 region including SNRPN/UBE3A and two copies of the 5q35.3 region. One of the der(18)s contains the 18 centromere and 18p11.2 regions, while the other der(18) has a signal for the 18 centromere only. The phenotype of the patient is compared with that of patients with tetrasomy 15q11.2q13.3, trisomy 5q35.3, and trisomy 18p11.2. Our study demonstrates that aCGH and FISH analyses are powerful tools, which complement the conventional cytogenetic analysis for the identification of SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alvaro H. Serrano Russi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sally Kochmar
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephanie J. DeWard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Malini Sathanoori
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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38
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Park SJ, Jung EH, Ryu RS, Kang HW, Ko JM, Kim HJ, Cheon CK, Hwang SH, Kang HY. Clinical implementation of whole-genome array CGH as a first-tier test in 5080 pre and postnatal cases. Mol Cytogenet 2011; 4:12. [PMID: 21549014 PMCID: PMC3114015 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-4-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is currently the most powerful method for detecting chromosomal alterations in pre and postnatal clinical cases. In this study, we developed a BAC based array CGH analysis platform for detecting whole genome DNA copy number changes including specific micro deletion and duplication chromosomal disorders. Additionally, we report our experience with the clinical implementation of our array CGH analysis platform. Array CGH was performed on 5080 pre and postnatal clinical samples from patients referred with a variety of clinical phenotypes. Results A total of 4073 prenatal cases (4033 amniotic fluid and 40 chorionic villi specimens) and 1007 postnatal cases (407 peripheral blood and 600 cord blood) were studied with complete concordance between array CGH, karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization results. Among 75 positive prenatal cases with DNA copy number variations, 60 had an aneuploidy, seven had a deletion, and eight had a duplication. Among 39 positive postnatal cases samples, five had an aneuploidy, 23 had a deletion, and 11 had a duplication. Conclusions This study demonstrates the utility of using our newly developed whole-genome array CGH as first-tier test in 5080 pre and postnatal cases. Array CGH has increased the ability to detect segmental deletion and duplication in patients with variable clinical features and is becoming a more powerful tool in pre and postnatal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Min Ko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyon J Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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39
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Small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22 in an infertile man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Appl Genet 2011; 52:331-4. [PMID: 21465155 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first case of a supernumerary inv dup(22)(q11.1) in an infertile male with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This case supports the opinion that supernumerary inv dup(22)(q11.1) could play a role in male infertility. We suggest that the breakpoint in the region 22q11.1 and/or fourfold dosage of centromeric/pericentromeric sequences of the chromosome 22 may be the cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism resulting in impaired spermatogenesis and infertility in our patient.
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40
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Battaglia A, Parrini B, Tancredi R. The behavioral phenotype of the idic(15) syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 154C:448-55. [PMID: 20981774 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Idic(15) syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder clinically delineated by early central hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, absent or very poor speech, and autistic or autistic-like behavior. It is due to the presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome formed by the inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15, resulting in tetrasomy 15p and partial tetrasomy 15q, and containing the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region (PWS/ASCR). The vast majority of these idic(15) derives from the two homologous maternal chromosomes at meiosis. To better define the behavior profile, we studied 22 idic(15) children (15 males and 7 females) observed at our institute between 1986 and 2010, and present, in detail, case studies of five of them. We have been able to perform standardized and semi-standardized measures of intelligence, and psychopathology in only 13 of our 22 patients, due to the limitations of chronological age, and to the severity of ID (ranging from mild-moderate, in 15%, to severe-profound, in 85% of our sample). The results show a distinct developmental profile in idic(15) patients, that may provide a behavioral signature for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/ASD-like arising from the susceptibility locus on proximal 15q; and suggest that idic(15) individuals are not "true autistic," but distinct "autistic-like" persons with high score in the third ADOS-G and ADI-R area.
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Chen CP, Lin CC, Ko TM, Tsai FJ, Chern SR, Lee CC, Chen YT, Wu PC, Wang W. Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived From Chromosome 21. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:377-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome Derived From Chromosome 22. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:381-4. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Balkan M, Isi H, Gedik A, Erdemoğlu M, Budak T. A small supernumerary marker chromosome, derived from chromosome 22, possibly associated with repeated spontaneous abortions. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:1683-9. [PMID: 20799165 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-3gmr947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We report a phenotypically normal couple with repeated spontaneous abortions and without other clinical features. Clinical, hematological, biochemical, and endocrinological aspects of the couple did not reveal any abnormalities. The karyotype of the wife was normal (46,XX), while the husband was found to have an abnormal karyotype, 47,XY,+der(22)mat. The marker chromosome was familial and non-satellite. Although the potential risk of small supernumerary marker chromosomes for spontaneous abortions cannot be defined precisely, marker chromosomes, together with methods used for ascertainment, are also factors to be considered when investigating infertility consequences. Furthermore, identification of the origin of a marker chromosome may provide additional information for patient karyotype-phenotype correlations. Further studies, such as molecular analyses to identify the breakpoint, are necessary for investigating phenotype-genotype correlations and assessment of genetic risks for small secondary chromosomes. The cause of repeated spontaneous abortions in this couple might be the presence of this marker chromosome in the husband. Consequently, we recommended genetic counseling before further pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balkan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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Lee JH, Cho HS, Lee ES, Jung BC. A case of partial trisomy 2p23-pter syndrome with trisomy 18p due to a de novo supernumerary marker chromosome. Korean J Lab Med 2010; 30:312-7. [PMID: 20603594 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial trisomy 2p is a rare but relatively well-defined syndrome with distinctive clinical features, including marked psychomotor delay, dysmorphic face, and congenital heart disease. The phenotype of trisomy 18p is variable, from normal appearance to moderate mental retardation. Most cases of trisomy 2p and trisomy 18p result from the inheritance of an unbalanced segregant from a balanced parental translocation or due to de novo duplication. Here, we present the first report of a combined partial trisomy 2p and trisomy 18p due to a supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC). The final karyotype of the patient was 47,XX,+der(18)t(2;18)(p23.1;q11.1)[22]/46,XX[8]. The patient had typical dysmorphic features of partial trisomy 2p23-pter syndrome and congenital heart disease. SMCs are remarkably variable in euchromatic DNA content and mosaicism level. The precise identification of the origin and composition of SMCs is essential for genotype-phenotype correlation and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Kleefstra T, de Leeuw N, Wolf R, Nillesen WM, Schobers G, Mieloo H, Willemsen M, Perrotta CS, Poddighe PJ, Feenstra I, Draaisma J, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM. Phenotypic spectrum of 20 novel patients with molecularly defined supernumerary marker chromosomes 15 and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2221-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sheth F, Andrieux J, Sheth J. Supernumerary marker chromosome in a child with microcephaly and mental retardation. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47:277-9. [PMID: 20371896 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-010-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A de novo supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) was identified in a 13-month-old girl who presented with microcephaly and mild mental retardation. On further characterization by oligo-nucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization [array-CGH], the SMC was confirmed to be 18p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frenny Sheth
- Foundation for Research in Genetics and Endocrinology, Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, India
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Pacanaro ANX, Christofolini DM, Kulikowski LD, Belangero SIN, da Silva Bellucco FT, Varela MC, Koiffmann CP, Yoshimoto M, Squire JA, Schiavon AV, Heck B, Melaragno MI. A rare case of trisomy 15pter-q21.2 due to a de novo marker chromosome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:753-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jovanović-Privrodski JD, Kavecan II, Obrenović MR, Buonadonna LA, Bukvić NM. Autism and hypoplastic corpus callosum in a case of monocentric marker chromosome 15. Pediatr Neurol 2009; 41:65-7. [PMID: 19520280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old boy was diagnosed with autism, along with development delay, seizures, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. His karyotype was 47, XY, +mar.ish (15) (D15Z1+, SNRPN+, GABRB3+, PML-(de novo?). The supernumerary marker chromosome 15 with euchromatin was monosatellited and monocentric. Although autism, seizures, and mental and developmental retardation are not rare in association with a dicentric, bisatellited supernumerary marker chromosome 15, the present case is novel for a monocentric, monosatellited supernumerary marker chromosome 15 and the additional feature of hypoplastic corpus callosum. The present case provides support for the hypotheses that additional copies of different segments of proximal 15q are related to autism and to malformations of corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka D Jovanović-Privrodski
- Institute for Children and Youth Health Care Vojvodina, Center for Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Van den Veyver IB, Patel A, Shaw CA, Pursley AN, Kang SHL, Simovich MJ, Ward PA, Darilek S, Johnson A, Neill SE, Bi W, White LD, Eng CM, Lupski JR, Cheung SW, Beaudet AL. Clinical use of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for prenatal diagnosis in 300 cases. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:29-39. [PMID: 19012303 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for prenatal diagnosis, including assessment of variants of uncertain significance, and the ability to detect abnormalities not detected by karyotype, and vice versa. METHODS Women undergoing amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for karyotype were offered aCGH analysis using a targeted microarray. Parental samples were obtained concurrently to exclude maternal cell contamination and determine if copy number variants (CNVs) were de novo, or inherited prior to issuing a report. RESULTS We analyzed 300 samples, most were amniotic fluid (82%) and CVS (17%). The most common indications were advanced maternal age (N=123) and abnormal ultrasound findings (N=84). We detected 58 CNVs (19.3%). Of these, 40 (13.3%) were interpreted as likely benign, 15 (5.0%) were of defined pathological significance, while 3 (1.0%) were of uncertain clinical significance. For seven (approximately 2.3% or 1/43), aCGH contributed important new information. For two of these (1% or approximately 1/150), the abnormality would not have been detected without aCGH analysis. CONCLUSION Although aCGH-detected benign inherited variants in 13.3% of cases, these did not present major counseling difficulties, and the procedure is an improved diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
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The inv dup (15) or idic (15) syndrome (Tetrasomy 15q). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008; 3:30. [PMID: 19019226 PMCID: PMC2613132 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The inv dup(15) or idic(15) syndrome displays distinctive clinical findings represented by early central hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autistic behaviour. Incidence at birth is estimated at 1 in 30,000 with a sex ratio of almost 1:1. Developmental delay and intellectual disability affect all individuals with inv dup(15) and are usually moderate to profound. Expressive language is absent or very poor and often echolalic. Comprehension is very limited and contextual. Intention to communicate is absent or very limited. The distinct behavioral disorder shown by children and adolescents has been widely described as autistic or autistic-like. Epilepsy with a wide variety of seizure types can occur in these individuals, with onset between 6 months and 9 years. Various EEG abnormalities have been described. Muscle hypotonia is observed in almost all individuals, associated, in most of them, with joint hyperextensibility and drooling. Facial dysmorphic features are absent or subtle, and major malformations are rare. Feeding difficulties are reported in the newborn period. Chromosome region 15q11q13, known for its instability, is highly susceptible to clinically relevant genomic rearrangements, such as supernumerary marker chromosomes formed by the inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15. Inv dup(15) results in tetrasomy 15p and partial tetrasomy 15q. The large rearrangements, containing the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region (PWS/ASCR), are responsible for the inv dup(15) or idic(15) syndrome. Diagnosis is achieved by standard cytogenetics and FISH analysis, using probes both from proximal chromosome 15 and from the PWS/ASCR. Microsatellite analysis on parental DNA or methylation analysis on the proband DNA, are also needed to detect the parent-of-origin of the inv dup(15) chromosome. Array CGH has been shown to provide a powerful approach for identifying and detecting the extent of the duplication. The possible occurrence of double supernumerary isodicentric chromosomes derived from chromosome 15, resulting in partial hexasomy of the maternally inherited PWS/ASCR, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Large idic(15) are nearly always sporadic. Antenatal diagnosis is possible. Management of inv dup(15) includes a comprehensive neurophysiologic and developmental evaluation. Survival is not significantly reduced. The inv dup(15) or idic(15) syndrome can also be termed "tetrasomy 15q". About 160 patients have been reported in the medical literature [1-5].
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