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Lhuissier C, Desquiret-Dumas V, Girona A, Alban J, Faure J, Cassereau J, Codron P, Lenaers G, Baris OR, Gueguen N, Chevrollier A. Mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase governs the induction of mitochondrial fission. iScience 2024; 27:109808. [PMID: 38741710 PMCID: PMC11089353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a process that balances fusion and fission events, the latter providing a mechanism for segregating dysfunctional mitochondria. Fission is controlled by the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) cleavage, and DRP1 recruitment. It is thought that this process is closely linked to the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). However, we report here that MRC inhibition does not decrease ΔΨm nor increase fission, as evidenced by hyperconnected mitochondria. Conversely, blocking F0F1-ATP synthase activity induces fragmentation. We show that the F0F1-ATP synthase is sensing the inhibition of MRC activity by immediately promoting its reverse mode of action to hydrolyze matrix ATP and restoring ΔΨm, thus preventing fission. While this reverse mode is expected to be inhibited by the ATPase inhibitor ATPIF1, we show that this sensing is independent of this factor. We have unraveled an unexpected role of F0F1-ATP synthase in controlling the induction of fission by sensing and maintaining ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Lhuissier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anaïs Girona
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jennifer Alban
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Justine Faure
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- University Angers, MitoLab Team, MitoVasc Unit, CNRS UMR6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Qiu F, Liu Y, Liu Z. The Role of Protein S-Nitrosylation in Mitochondrial Quality Control in Central Nervous System Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0099. [PMID: 38739938 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation is a reversible covalent post-translational modification. Under physiological conditions, S-nitrosylation plays a dynamic role in a wide range of biological processes by regulating the function of substrate proteins. Like other post-translational modifications, S-nitrosylation can affect protein conformation, activity, localization, aggregation, and protein interactions. Aberrant S-nitrosylation can lead to protein misfolding, mitochondrial fragmentation, synaptic damage, and autophagy. Mitochondria are essential organelles in energy production, metabolite biosynthesis, cell death, and immune responses, among other processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can result in cell death and has been implicated in the development of many human diseases. Recent evidence suggests that S-nitrosylation and mitochondrial dysfunction are important modulators of the progression of several diseases. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the aberrant S- nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins that regulate mitochondrial biosynthesis, fission and fusion, and autophagy. Specifically, we discuss the mechanisms by which S-nitrosylated mitochondrial proteins exercise mitochondrial quality control under pathological conditions, thereby influencing disease. A better understanding of these pathological events may provide novel therapeutic targets to mitigate the development of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Liu X, Xu L, Song Y, Zhao Z, Li X, Wong CY, Chen R, Feng J, Gou Y, Qi Y, Chow HM, Yao S, Wang Y, Gao S, Liu X, Duan L. Force-induced tail-autotomy mitochondrial fission and biogenesis of matrix-excluded mitochondrial-derived vesicles for quality control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2217019121. [PMID: 38547062 PMCID: PMC10998583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217019121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly fuse and divide for mitochondrial inheritance and functions. Here, we identified a distinct type of naturally occurring fission, tail-autotomy fission, wherein a tail-like thin tubule protrudes from the mitochondrial body and disconnects, resembling autotomy. Next, utilizing an optogenetic mitochondria-specific mechanostimulator, we revealed that mechanical tensile force drives tail-autotomy fission. This force-induced fission involves DRP1/MFF and endoplasmic reticulum tubule wrapping. It redistributes mitochondrial DNA, producing mitochondrial fragments with or without mitochondrial DNA for different fates. Moreover, tensile force can decouple outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, pulling out matrix-excluded tubule segments. Subsequent tail-autotomy fission separates the matrix-excluded tubule segments into matrix-excluded mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) which recruit Parkin and LC3B, indicating the unique role of tail-autotomy fission in segregating only outer membrane components for mitophagy. Sustained force promotes fission and MDV biogenesis more effectively than transient one. Our results uncover a mechanistically and functionally distinct type of fission and unveil the role of tensile forces in modulating fission and MDV biogenesis for quality control, underscoring the heterogeneity of fission and mechanoregulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Linyu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Yutong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Cheuk-Yiu Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Jianxiong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, China
| | - Yitao Gou
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Yajing Qi
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou510060, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (CUHK-GIBH) Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510000, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Liting Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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Ji XT, Yu WL, Jin MJ, Lu LJ, Yin HP, Wang HH. Possible Role of Cellular Polyamine Metabolism in Neuronal Apoptosis. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:281-290. [PMID: 38453792 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular levels of polyamines (PAs) are significantly altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from in vivo animal and in vitro cell experiments suggests that the cellular levels of various PAs may play important roles in the central nervous system through the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, cellular immunity, and ion channel functions. Dysfunction of PA metabolism related enzymes also contributes to neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in the current work, evidence was collected to determine the possible associations between cellular levels of PAs, and related enzymes and the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, which could provide a new idea for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wen-Lei Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Huzhou Wuxing District People's Hospital, Huzhou Wuxing District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huzhou, 313008, China
| | - Meng-Jia Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Haining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314400, China
| | - Hong-Ping Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Xie K, Luo J, Zhang Y, Huang X, Luo J, Tan S. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HIF-1α under hypoxia contributes to the development of gastric mucosal lesions. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1653. [PMID: 38616702 PMCID: PMC11016940 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia is an important characteristic of gastric mucosal diseases, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) contributes to microenvironment disturbance and metabolic spectrum abnormalities. However, the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α and its association with mitochondrial dysfunction in gastric mucosal lesions under hypoxia have not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α on the development of gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric cancer (GC) were selected as representative diseases of benign and malignant gastric lesions, respectively. Gastric tissues from patients diagnosed with the above diseases were collected. Portal hypertension (PHT)-induced mouse models in METTL3 mutant or NLRP3-deficient littermates were established, and nude mouse gastric graft tumour models with relevant inhibitors were generated. The mechanisms underlying hypoxic condition, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations in gastric mucosal lesions were further analysed. RESULTS HIF-1α, which can mediate mitochondrial dysfunction via upregulation of METTL3/IGF2BP3-dependent dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) N6-methyladenosine modification to increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, was elevated under hypoxic conditions in human and mouse portal hypertensive gastric mucosa and GC tissues. While blocking HIF-1α with PX-478, inhibiting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission via mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) treatment or METTL3 mutation alleviated this process. Furthermore, HIF-1α influenced energy metabolism by enhancing glycolysis via lactate dehydrogenase A. In addition, HIF-1α-induced Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission also enhanced glycolysis. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and enhanced glycolysis were associated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity and dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, resulting in massive mtROS production, which was needed for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to aggravate the development of the PHG and GC. CONCLUSIONS Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α enhances mitochondrial dysfunction via Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and influences the metabolic profile by altering glycolysis to increase mtROS production, which can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mucosal microenvironment alterations to contribute to the development of benign and malignant gastric mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Xiao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiduan Xie
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiajie Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiwang Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinni Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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6
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Słowikowski B, Piekut T, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Szymanowicz O, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Permoda-Pachuta A, Dorszewska J. Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1811. [PMID: 37891890 PMCID: PMC10604347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
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Doulias PT, Yang H, Andreyev AY, Dolatabadi N, Scott H, K Raspur C, Patel PR, Nakamura T, Tannenbaum SR, Ischiropoulos H, Lipton SA. S-Nitrosylation-mediated dysfunction of TCA cycle enzymes in synucleinopathy studied in postmortem human brains and hiPSC-derived neurons. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:965-975.e6. [PMID: 37478858 PMCID: PMC10530441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A causal relationship between mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration has been implicated in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons with mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), we report the presence of aberrantly S-nitrosylated proteins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, resulting in activity inhibition assessed by carbon-labeled metabolic flux experiments. This inhibition principally affects α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase/succinyl coenzyme-A synthetase, metabolizing α-ketoglutarate to succinate. Notably, human LBD brain manifests a similar pattern of aberrantly S-nitrosylated TCA enzymes, indicating the pathophysiological relevance of these results. Inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism in neurons is known to compromise dendritic length and synaptic integrity, eventually leading to neuronal cell death. Our evidence indicates that aberrant S-nitrosylation of TCA cycle enzymes contributes to this bioenergetic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Chemistry and University Research Center of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Alexander Y Andreyev
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Henry Scott
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charlene K Raspur
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Parth R Patel
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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9
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Dave KM, Stolz DB, Manickam DS. Delivery of mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles to the BBB for ischemic stroke therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1769-1788. [PMID: 37921194 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2279115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in brain endothelial cells (BECs) leads to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causing long-term neurological dysfunction. Restoration of mitochondrial function in injured BECs is a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate stroke-induced damage. Mounting evidence demonstrate that selected subsets of cell-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs), such as exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs), contain functional mitochondrial components. Therefore, development of BEC-derived mitochondria-containing EVs for delivery to the BBB will (1) alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and limit long-term neurological dysfunction in ischemic stroke and (2) provide an alternative therapeutic option for treating numerous other diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. AREA COVERED This review will discuss (1) how EV subsets package different types of mitochondrial components during their biogenesis, (2) mechanisms of EV internalization and functional mitochondrial responses in the recipient cells, and (3) EV biodistribution and pharmacokinetics - key factors involved in the development of mitochondria-containing EVs as a novel BBB-targeted stroke therapy. EXPERT OPINION Mitochondria-containing MVs have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in ischemic stroke and other pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Delivery of MV mitochondria to the BBB is expected to protect the BBB integrity and neurovascular unit post-stroke. MV mitochondria quality control, characterization, mechanistic understanding of its effects in vivo, safety and efficacy in different preclinical models, large-scale production, and establishment of regulatory guidelines are foreseeable milestones to harness the clinical potential of MV mitochondria delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandarp M Dave
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Devika S Manickam
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Bhatti JS, Kaur S, Mishra J, Dibbanti H, Singh A, Reddy AP, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Targeting dynamin-related protein-1 as a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166798. [PMID: 37392948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that manifests its pathology through synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, hormonal imbalance, increased astrocytes & microglia, accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau in the brains of AD patients. Despite extensive research, the effective treatment of AD is still unknown. Tau hyperphosphorylation and mitochondrial abnormalities are involved in the loss of synapses, defective axonal transport and cognitive decline in patients with AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evidenced by enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and defective mitophagy in AD. Hence, targeting mitochondrial proteins might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating AD. Recently, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, has gained attention due to its interactions with Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau, altering mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, and bioenergetics. These interactions affect ATP production in mitochondria. A reduction in Drp1 GTPase activity protects against neurodegeneration in AD models. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Drp1's involvement in oxidative damage, apoptosis, mitophagy, and axonal transport of mitochondria. We also highlighted the interaction of Drp1 with Aβ and Tau, which may contribute to AD progression. In conclusion, targeting Drp1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for preventing AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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11
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Barbero NM, Oller J, Sanz AB, Ramos AM, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Cardio-Renal Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098209. [PMID: 37175915 PMCID: PMC10179675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of all-cause mortality increases from 20% to 500% in patients who suffer both conditions; this is referred to as the so-called cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). Preclinical studies have described the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal diseases, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRS. In this review, we explore the malfunction of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy) and how it contributes to the development and progression of the main vascular pathologies that could be affected by kidney injury and vice versa, and how this knowledge may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mendez Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Pegadraju H, Abby Thomas J, Kumar R. Mechanistic and therapeutic role of Drp1 in the pathogenesis of stroke. Gene 2023; 855:147130. [PMID: 36543307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke had emerged as one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability across the globe. Emerging evidence suggests a significant increase in the incidence of stroke with age, which is further expected to increase dramatically owing to an ever-expanding elderly population. The current situation imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system and requires a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and development of novel interventions. It is well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the onset of stroke. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), is a key regulator of mitochondria fission, and plays a crucial role during the pathogenesis of stroke. Drp1 protein levels significantly increase after stroke potentially in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) dependent manner. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) facilitate mitochondrial fission and cell death by dephosphorylating the mitochondrial fission enzyme Drp1 at the inhibitory phosphorylation site serine 637. Outer mitochondrial membrane A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 1 (AKAP 1) and protein kinase A complex (PKA) complex inhibits Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by phosphorylating serine 637. Drp1 activation promotes the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and therefore leads to apoptosis. In addition, Drp1 activation inhibits mitochondrial glutathione dependent free radical scavenging, which further enhances the ROS level and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Drp1 translocate p53 to mitochondrial membrane and leads to mitochondria-related necrosis. The current review article discusses the possible mechanistic pathways by which Drp1 can influence the pathogenesis of stroke. Besides, it will describe various inhibitors for Drp1 and their potential role as therapeutics for stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himaja Pegadraju
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Joshua Abby Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Sciences, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Vishakhapatnam, India.
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13
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Kawalec M, Wojtyniak P, Bielska E, Lewczuk A, Boratyńska-Jasińska A, Beręsewicz-Haller M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Gewartowska M, Zabłocka B. Mitochondrial dynamics, elimination and biogenesis during post-ischemic recovery in ischemia-resistant and ischemia-vulnerable gerbil hippocampal regions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166633. [PMID: 36566873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) result from a temporary blockage in blood circulation in the brain. As TIAs cause disabilities and often precede full-scale strokes, the effects of TIA are investigated to develop neuroprotective therapies. We analyzed changes in mitochondrial network dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in sections of gerbil hippocampus characterized by a different neuronal survival rate after 5-minute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult. Our research revealed a significantly greater mtDNA/nDNA ratio in CA2-3, DG hippocampal regions (5.8 ± 1.4 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 in CA1) that corresponded to a neuronal resistance to I/R. During reperfusion, an increase of pro-fission (phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1) and pro-fusion proteins (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.3 for Mfn2 and Opa1, respectively) was observed in CA2-3, DG. Selective autophagy markers, PINK1 and SQSTM1/p62, were elevated 24-96 h after I/R and accompanied by significant elevation of transcription factors proteins PGC-1α and Nrf1 (1.2 ± 0.4, 1.78 ± 0.6, respectively) and increased respiratory chain proteins (e.g., 1.5 ± 0.3 for complex IV at I/R 96 h). Contrastingly, decreased enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, reduced Hsp60 protein level and electron transport chain subunits (0.88 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.1 and 0.71 ± 0.1 for complex IV at I/R 96 h, respectively) were observed in I/R-vulnerable CA1. The phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1 was increased while Mfn2 and total Opa1 reduced to 0.88 ± 0.1 and 0.77 ± 0.17, respectively. General autophagy, measured as LC3-II/I ratio, was activated 3 h after reperfusion reaching 2.37 ± 0.9 of control. This study demonstrated that enhanced mitochondrial fusion, followed by late and selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis might together contribute to reduced susceptibility to TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kawalec
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojtyniak
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bielska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Lewczuk
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Boratyńska-Jasińska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Zhu T, Hu Q, Yuan Y, Yao H, Zhang J, Qi J. Mitochondrial dynamics in vascular remodeling and target-organ damage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1067732. [PMID: 36860274 PMCID: PMC9970102 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1067732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the pathological basis for the development of many cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms underlying endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching, fibroblast activation, and inflammatory macrophage differentiation during vascular remodeling remain elusive. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles. Recent studies showed that mitochondrial fusion and fission play crucial roles in vascular remodeling and that the delicate balance of fusion-fission may be more important than individual processes. In addition, vascular remodeling may also lead to target-organ damage by interfering with the blood supply to major body organs such as the heart, brain, and kidney. The protective effect of mitochondrial dynamics modulators on target-organs has been demonstrated in numerous studies, but whether they can be used for the treatment of related cardiovascular diseases needs to be verified in future clinical studies. Herein, we summarize recent advances regarding mitochondrial dynamics in multiple cells involved in vascular remodeling and associated target-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxun Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Jian Zhang,
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jia Qi,
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15
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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16
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Mani S, Dubey R, Lai IC, Babu MA, Tyagi S, Swargiary G, Mody D, Singh M, Agarwal S, Iqbal D, Kumar S, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Almutary AG, Albadrani HM, Ojha S, Singh SK, Jha NK. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Neurological Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:877-912. [PMID: 37927255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neuronal cells. With the increase in aged population, there is a prevalence of irreversible neurodegenerative changes, causing a significant mental, social, and economic burden globally. The factors contributing to AD are multidimensional, highly complex, and not completely understood. However, it is widely known that aging, neuroinflammation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with other free radicals, substantially contribute to oxidative stress and cell death, which are inextricably linked. While oxidative stress is undeniably important in AD, limiting free radicals and ROS levels is an intriguing and potential strategy for deferring the process of neurodegeneration and alleviating associated symptoms. Therapeutic compounds from natural sources have recently become increasingly accepted and have been effectively studied for AD treatment. These phytocompounds are widely available and a multitude of holistic therapeutic efficiencies for treating AD owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and biological activities. Some of these compounds also function by stimulating cholinergic neurotransmission, facilitating the suppression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, α-synuclein, and monoamine oxidase proteins, and deterring the occurrence of AD. Additionally, various phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid phytocompounds have been extensively described as potential palliative agents for AD progression. Preclinical studies have shown their involvement in modulating the cellular redox balance and minimizing ROS formation, displaying them as antioxidant agents with neuroprotective abilities. This review emphasizes the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of AD and discusses the various pathological hypotheses proposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Deepansh Mody
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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17
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Khan MM, Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1100-1116. [PMID: 36089791 PMCID: PMC10286589 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x05666220908100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a diseasemodifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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18
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Wang YF, Wang YD, Gao S, Sun W. Implications of p53 in mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36514978 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2158824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To study the underlying molecular mechanisms of p53 in the mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and provide a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.Methods: We review the contributions of p53 to mitochondrial changes leading to apoptosis and the subsequent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD.Results: P53 is a multifunctional protein implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes via transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms. Mitochondria are vital subcellular organelles for that maintain cellular function, and mitochondrial defect and impairment are primary causes of dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD. Increasing evidence has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction-associated dopaminergic neuron degeneration is tightly regulated by p53 in PD pathogenesis. Neurodegenerative stress triggers p53 activation, which induces mitochondrial changes, including transmembrane permeability, reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ overload, electron transport chain defects and other dynamic alterations, and these changes contribute to neurodegeneration and are linked closely with PD occurrence and development. P53 inhibition has been shown to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration under conditions of neurodegenerative stress.Conclusions: p53 appears to be a potential target for neuroprotective therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Di Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Chang Chun, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Chang Chun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Vrettou S, Wirth B. S-Glutathionylation and S-Nitrosylation in Mitochondria: Focus on Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415849. [PMID: 36555492 PMCID: PMC9779533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox post-translational modifications are derived from fluctuations in the redox potential and modulate protein function, localization, activity and structure. Amongst the oxidative reversible modifications, the S-glutathionylation of proteins was the first to be characterized as a post-translational modification, which primarily protects proteins from irreversible oxidation. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that S-glutathionylation plays a key role in core cell processes, particularly in mitochondria, which are the main source of reactive oxygen species. S-nitrosylation, another post-translational modification, was identified >150 years ago, but it was re-introduced as a prototype cell-signaling mechanism only recently, one that tightly regulates core processes within the cell’s sub-compartments, especially in mitochondria. S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are modulated by fluctuations in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and, in turn, orchestrate mitochondrial bioenergetics machinery, morphology, nutrients metabolism and apoptosis. In many neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stresses trigger or exacerbate their pathologies. Despite the substantial amount of research for most of these disorders, there are no successful treatments, while antioxidant supplementation failed in the majority of clinical trials. Herein, we discuss how S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation interfere in mitochondrial homeostasis and how the deregulation of these modifications is associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich’s ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vrettou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
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20
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Egner JM, Nolden KA, Harwig MC, Bonate RP, De Anda J, Tessmer MH, Noey EL, Ihenacho UK, Liu Z, Peterson FC, Wong GCL, Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Structural studies of human fission protein FIS1 reveal a dynamic region important for GTPase DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102620. [PMID: 36272645 PMCID: PMC9747602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission protein 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) were initially described as being evolutionarily conserved for mitochondrial fission, yet in humans the role of FIS1 in this process is unclear and disputed by many. In budding yeast where Fis1p helps to recruit the DRP1 ortholog from the cytoplasm to mitochondria for fission, an N-terminal "arm" of Fis1p is required for function. The yeast Fis1p arm interacts intramolecularly with a conserved tetratricopeptide repeat core and governs in vitro interactions with yeast DRP1. In human FIS1, NMR and X-ray structures show different arm conformations, but its importance for human DRP1 recruitment is unknown. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and comparisons to experimental NMR chemical shifts to show the human FIS1 arm can adopt an intramolecular conformation akin to that observed with yeast Fis1p. This finding is further supported through intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and NMR experiments on human FIS1 with and without the arm. Using NMR, we observed the human FIS1 arm is also sensitive to environmental changes. We reveal the importance of these findings in cellular studies where removal of the FIS1 arm reduces DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission similar to the yeast system. Moreover, we determined that expression of mitophagy adapter TBC1D15 can partially rescue arm-less FIS1 in a manner reminiscent of expression of the adapter Mdv1p in yeast. These findings point to conserved features of FIS1 important for its activity in mitochondrial morphology. More generally, other tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins are flanked by disordered arms/tails, suggesting possible common regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Egner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsey A Nolden
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan P Bonate
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jaime De Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maxx H Tessmer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Noey
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ugochukwu K Ihenacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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21
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Lipton SA. Hidden networks of aberrant protein transnitrosylation contribute to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:171-176. [PMID: 36243209 PMCID: PMC9875813 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the importance of S-nitrosation in regulating protein function and activity. This chemical reaction has been termed protein S-nitrosylation to emphasize its biological importance as a posttranslational modification, in some ways reminiscent of phosphorylation. The reaction at cysteine thiols is distinct from other chemical reactions of nitric oxide (NO) that activate soluble guanylate cyclase via nitrosylation of heme or formation of peroxynitrite via reaction with superoxide anion to produce tyrosine nitration. Here, we review the importance of pathological, aberrant transnitrosylation reactions, i.e., transfer of the NO group from one protein to another, and its consequent effect on the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, to date on Alzheimer's disease (AD), but also expected to affect Parkinson's disease (PD)/Lewy body dementia (LBD), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 6510, USA.
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22
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Silva Santos Ribeiro P, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Mitochondria and sensory processing in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:1013577. [PMID: 36324872 PMCID: PMC9619239 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affect over 750 million people worldwide and contribute to approximately 40% of chronic pain cases. Inflammation and tissue damage contribute to pain in rheumatic diseases, but pain often persists even when inflammation/damage is resolved. Mechanisms that cause this persistent pain are still unclear. Mitochondria are essential for a myriad of cellular processes and regulate neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, but its role in sensory processing and pain in rheumatic diseases is relatively unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction connects inflammation and damage-associated pathways to neuronal sensitization and persistent pain. To provide an overall framework on how mitochondria control pain, we explored recent evidence in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Mitochondria have intrinsic quality control mechanisms to prevent functional deficits and cellular damage. We will discuss the link between neuronal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic pain. Lastly, pharmacological strategies aimed at reestablishing mitochondrial functions or boosting mitochondrial dynamics as therapeutic interventions for chronic pain are discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that mitochondria dysfunction may play a role in rheumatic pain. The dysfunction is not restricted to neuronal cells in the peripheral and central nervous system, but also includes blood cells and cells at the joint level that may affect pain pathways indirectly. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that modulation of mitochondrial functions can be used to attenuate or eliminate pain, which could be beneficial for multiple rheumatic diseases.
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23
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Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810808. [PMID: 36142718 PMCID: PMC9505762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-2380; Fax: +1-706-542-4412
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24
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Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R. Protective and deleterious effects of autophagy in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an overview. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11081-11099. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Jiang C, Okazaki T. Control of mitochondrial dynamics and apoptotic pathways by peroxisomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:938177. [PMID: 36158224 PMCID: PMC9500405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.938177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles containing different enzymes that catalyze various metabolic pathways such as β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids and synthesis of plasmalogens. Peroxisome biogenesis is controlled by a family of proteins called peroxins, which are required for peroxisomal membrane formation, matrix protein transport, and division. Mutations of peroxins cause metabolic disorders called peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, among which Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is the most severe. Although patients with ZS exhibit severe pathology in multiple organs such as the liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and bone, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Recent findings indicate that peroxisomes regulate intrinsic apoptotic pathways and upstream fission-fusion processes, disruption of which causes multiple organ dysfunctions reminiscent of ZS. In this review, we summarize recent findings about peroxisome-mediated regulation of mitochondrial morphology and its possible relationship with the pathogenesis of ZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Okazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomohiko Okazaki,
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26
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Wang XL, Feng ST, Wang YT, Zhang NN, Guo ZY, Yan X, Yuan YH, Wang ZZ, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Mangiferin, a natural glucoxilxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 and relieves aberrant mitophagic proteins in mice model of Parkinson's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154281. [PMID: 35752080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease featured to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an important regulator of mitochondrial fission and subsequent mitophagy. Mangiferin (MGF) is a glucosyl xanthone mainly derived from Mangifera indica L., possessing multifaceted properties, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enhancement of cognitive ability. Besides, it can cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. However, so far, MGF's effect in balancing mitochondrial homeostasis via regulation of Drp1 level and mitophagic pathway in PD remains rarely reported. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of MGF against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD and examine the possible mechanisms. METHODS We utilized C57BL/6 mice exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP); Behavioral parameters, containing the open field test, balance beam, pole test, and rotarod test, assessed the locomotor activity; immunohistochemistry assessed the number of TH-positive neurons; transmission electron microscopy detected ultrastructural mitochondrial morphology in the dopaminergic neuron; complex I enzymatic activity microplate assay kit measured the mitochondrial complex I activity; ATP determination kit measured ATP levels in mitochondria isolated from cells or striatal tissues; western blot measured the levels of Drp1 and mitophagic proteins. RESULTS We observed that MGF could mitigate motor deficiency and improve the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra of MPTP-induced PD mice. Furthermore, MGF not only ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructure, but also improved mitochondrial ATP content. Within mitochondria, MGF could reduce Drp1 expression and reverse the expressions of mitophagic proteins, including PINK1, Parkin, NIX, BNIP3, FUNDC1, and p62. CONCLUSION Present study indicates that MGF benefits mitochondrial networks by recovering mitochondrial ultrastructure and ATP contents, reducing mitochondrial Drp1, and modulating mitophagic proteins in the MPTP-induced PD mice model, which revealed a novel acting mechanism of MGF in PD's treatment.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/metabolism
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/therapeutic use
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopaminergic Neurons
- Dynamins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease/metabolism
- Xanthones/pharmacology
- Xanthones/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Song L, Wu Y, Yuan S, Liu K, Wang Q, Ma D, Ma C. A Bibliometric Analysis for Global Trends and Full View of the Autophagy in Ischemic Stroke from 2006 to 2022. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7799243. [PMID: 35971447 PMCID: PMC9375697 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7799243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a key role in ischemic stroke, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In order to explore the effect of autophagy on ischemic stroke, bibliometric analysis and view tools are used to identify the directions of the global research trends and construct full view of the autophagy in ischemic stroke from 2006 to 2022. The research hotspots of autophagy related to ischemic stroke are visually analyzed and generated various visual maps to display publications, authors, sources, countries, organizations, and keywords. By bibliometric analysis, it can be seen that the investigations of autophagy in ischemic stroke is focused on both brain injury and neuroprotection. The impact of a variety of inflammatory factors and signaling pathways on autophagy following an ischemic stroke is also studied. Autophagy plays an important role in all phases of ischemic stroke. It is of great significance to guide the development of treatment plans for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Yige Wu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Shuwen Yuan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong 037003, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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28
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Seth P. Insights Into the Role of Mortalin in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903031. [PMID: 35859895 PMCID: PMC9292388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin is a chaperone protein that regulates physiological functions of cells. Its multifactorial role allows cells to survive pathological conditions. Pharmacological, chemical, and siRNA-mediated downregulation of mortalin increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction leading to unregulated inflammation. In addition to its well-characterized function in controlling oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and maintaining physiological balance, recent evidence from human brain autopsies and cell culture–based studies suggests a critical role of mortalin in attenuating the damage seen in several neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpression of mortalin provides an important line of defense against accumulated proteins, inflammation, and neuronal loss, a key characteristic feature observed in neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of progressive disorders, sharing pathological features in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Aggregation of insoluble amyloid beta-proteins and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease are among the leading cause of neuropathology in the brain. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. A substantial synaptic loss leading to cognitive decline is the hallmark of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Brain autopsies and cell culture studies showed reduced expression of mortalin in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HAND cases and deciphered the important role of mortalin in brain cells. Here, we discuss mortalin and its regulation and describe how neurotoxic conditions alter the expression of mortalin and modulate its functions. In addition, we also review the neuroprotective role of mortalin under neuropathological conditions. This knowledge showcases the importance of mortalin in diverse brain functions and offers new opportunities for the development of therapeutic targets that can modulate the expression of mortalin using chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Seth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
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29
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Thomas C, Wurzer L, Malle E, Ristow M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis as a Pleiotropic Effect of Commonly Used Drugs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:905261. [PMID: 35821802 PMCID: PMC9261327 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.905261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated diseases represent a growing burden for global health systems in our aging society. Consequently, we urgently need innovative strategies to counteract these pathological disturbances. Overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with age-related damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, diseases. However, low-dose ROS act as crucial signaling molecules and inducers of a vaccination-like response to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms, known as mitohormesis. Consequently, modulation of ROS homeostasis by nutrition, exercise, or pharmacological interventions is critical in aging. Numerous nutrients and approved drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects on ROS homeostasis. In the current review, we provide an overview of drugs affecting ROS generation and ROS detoxification and evaluate the potential of these effects to counteract the development and progression of age-related diseases. In case of inflammation-related dysfunctions, cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative diseases, it might be essential to strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms in advance by low ROS level rises to boost the individual ROS defense mechanisms. In contrast, induction of overwhelming ROS production might be helpful to fight pathogens and kill cancer cells. While we outline the potential of ROS manipulation to counteract age-related dysfunction and diseases, we also raise the question about the proper intervention time and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thomas
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Ristow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski,
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Qin YR, Ma CQ, Jiang JH, Wang DP, Zhang QQ, Liu MR, Zhao HR, Fang Q, Liu Y. Artesunate restores mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and alleviates neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease models. J Neurochem 2022; 162:290-304. [PMID: 35598091 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a leading cause of dementia and no therapy that reverses underlying neurodegeneration is available. Recent studies suggest the protective role of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, in neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of artesunate, a water-soluble derivative of artemisinin, on amyloid-beta (Aβ)-treated challenged microglial BV-2, neuronal N2a cells, and the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin (APP/PS1) mice model. We found that Aβ significantly induced multiple AD-related phenotypes, including increased expression/production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglial cells, enhanced cellular and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, promoted mitochondrial fission, inhibited mitochondrial fusion, suppressed mitophagy or biogenesis in both cell types, stimulated apoptosis of neuronal cells, and microglia-induced killing of neurons. All these in vitro phenotypes were attenuated by artesunate. In addition, the over-expression of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp-1, or down-regulation of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA-1 both reduced the therapeutic benefits of artesunate. Artesunate also alleviated AD phenotypes in APP/PS1 mice, reducing Aβ deposition, and reversing deficits in memory and learning. Artesunate protects neuronal and microglial cells from AD pathology, both in vitro and in vivo. Maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and simultaneously targeting multiple AD pathogenic mechanisms are associated with the protective effects of artesunate. Consequently, artesunate may become a promising therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ren Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi-Qian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Bhatti GK, Gupta A, Pahwa P, Khullar N, Singh S, Navik U, Kumar S, Mastana SS, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Targeting Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a promising therapeutic strategy in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed J 2022; 45:733-748. [PMID: 35568318 PMCID: PMC9661512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cells and act as biosynthetic and bioenergetic factories, vital for normal cell functioning and human health. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is considered an important measure to assess the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dysfunctional mitochondria affect or cause several conditions involving the most energy-intensive organs, including the brain, muscles, heart, and liver. This dysfunction may be attributed to an alteration in mitochondrial enzymes, increased oxidative stress, impairment of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, or mutations in mitochondrial DNA that leads to the pathophysiology of various pathological conditions, including neurological and metabolic disorders. The drugs or compounds targeting mitochondria are considered more effective and safer for treating these diseases. In this review, we make an effort to concise the available literature on mitochondrial bioenergetics in various conditions and the therapeutic potential of various drugs/compounds targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali Punjab, India.
| | - Anshika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Paras Pahwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
| | - Satwinder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamin in Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2504798. [PMID: 35571256 PMCID: PMC9106451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2504798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. However, the pathophysiological process of stroke is still not fully clarified. Mitochondria play an important role in promoting nerve survival and are an important drug target for the treatment of stroke. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Mitochondria are in a state of continuous fission and fusion, which are termed as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics are very important for maintaining various functions of mitochondria. In this review, we will introduce the structure and functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion related proteins and discuss their role in the pathophysiologic process of stroke. A better understanding of mitochondrial dynamin in stroke will pave way for the development of new therapeutic options.
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Song J, Yi X, Gao R, Sun L, Wu Z, Zhang S, Huang L, Han C, Ma J. Impact of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics on T Cell Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873834. [PMID: 35432303 PMCID: PMC9008543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy that have contributed to prolonging the survival of tumor patients. However, only a subset of patients respond to immunotherapy, which limits its use. One reason for this is that the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the migration and infiltration of T cells and affects their continuous functioning, resulting in an exhausted phenotype. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism by which T cells become exhausted is of significance for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Several recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the immune surveillance function of T cells. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key protein that mediates mitochondrial fission and maintains the mitochondrial dynamic network. Drp1 regulates various activities of T cells in vivo by mediating the activation of a series of pathways. In addition, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics were observed in exhausted T cells in the TME. As a potential target for immunotherapy, in this review, we describe in detail how Drp1 regulates various physiological functions of T cells and induces changes in mitochondrial dynamics in the TME, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruolin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Letian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jietao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Si Y, Chen Z, Shi Y, Fang H. Metformin Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission Protein DRP1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832707. [PMID: 35392573 PMCID: PMC8981993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical player in diabetes and diabetic complications. The present study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamic changes in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Methods: Cognitive functions were examined by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Mice hippocampi were collected for electron microscopy and immunofluorescence examination. Neuron cell line HT22 and primary hippocampal neurons were challenged with high glucose in vitro. Mitotracker-Red CM-H2X ROS was used to detect mitochondrial-derived free radicals. Results: Diabetic mice exhibited memory loss and spatial disorientation. Electron microscopy revealed that diabetic mice had larger synaptic gaps, attenuated postsynaptic density and fewer dendritic spines in the hippocampus. More round-shape mitochondria were observed in hippocampal neurons in diabetic mice than those in control mice. In cultured neurons, high glucose induced a high phosphorylated level of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and increased oxidative stress, resulting in cell apoptosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 and metformin significantly decreased oxidative stress and prevented cell apoptosis in cultured cells. Treatment of Mdivi-1 and metformin restored cognitive function in diabetic mice. Conclusion: Metformin restores cognitive function by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress, and mitigating neuron loss in hippocampi of diabetic mice. The protective effects of metformin shed light on the therapeutic strategy of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lu F, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Sun S, Yang X, Yan H. Blocking exosomal secretion aggravates 1,4-Benzoquinone-induced mitochondrial fission activated by the AMPK/MFF/Drp1 pathway in HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1618-1627. [PMID: 35383983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is in vivo and in vitro evidence that exposure to benzene or its metabolites could affect the mitochondrial function. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of mitochondrial damage remains to be elucidated. In this study, exposure of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ; an active metabolite of benzene) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, up-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and Fis1, and down-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn2 and Opa1. Further study showed that 1,4-BQ mediated mitochondrial fission through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mitochondrial fission factor/dynamin-related protein 1 pathway. Additionally, we also examined the role of exosomal secretion in mitochondrial damage under 1,4-BQ treatment. Results showed that 1,4-BQ increased the total protein level and mtDNA content in exosomes. Upon pre-treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31, there was attenuation of the mitochondrial damage induced by 1,4-BQ, accompanied by a change in the exosome release characteristics, while inhibition of exosomal secretion using GW4869 aggravated the 1,4-BQ-mediated mitochondrial fission. We concluded that exosomal secretion may serve as a self-protective mechanism of cells against 1,4-BQ-induced mitochondria damage and mitochondrial dynamics interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shuqiang Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinjun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
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Zhao Y, Lang Y, Zhang M, Liang S, Zhu X, Liu Z. miR-125b Disrupts Mitochondrial Dynamics via Targeting Mitofusin 1 in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:137-147. [PMID: 35527986 DOI: 10.1159/000520140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose structure are maintained by continuous fusion and fission. During acute kidney injury (AKI) progression, mitochondrial fission in renal tubular cells was elevated, characterized by mitochondrial fragmentation. It is tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been proven as a critical mechanism responsible for AKI. However, the initiating factor for the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics in AKI was not well understood. Objectives To explore the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders and kidney damage. Methods We established cisplatin-induced AKI model in C57BL/6 mice and proximal tubular cells, and detected the expression of miR-125b by qPCR. Then we delivered miR-125b antagomir after cisplatin treatment in mice via hydrodynamic-based gene transfer technique. Subsequently, we performed luciferase reporter and immunoblotting -assays to prove miR-125b could directly modulate mitofusin1 (MFN1) expression. We also tested the role of miR-125b in mitochondrial and renal injury through immunofluorescent staining, qPCR, and immunoblotting assays. Results miR-125b levels were induced in cisplatin-challenged mice and cultured tubular cells. Anti-miR-125b could effectively alleviate cisplatin-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and kidney injury both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-125b could directly regulate MFN1, which is a key regulator of mitochondrial fusion. Our study indicated that miR-125b is upregulated during cisplatin-induced AKI. Inhibition of miR-125b may suppress mitochondrial and renal damage through upregulating MFN1. This study suggests that miR-125b could be a potential therapeutic target in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoshan Liang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Lei Y, Huang Y, Wen X, Yin Z, Zhang Z, Klionsky DJ. How Cells Deal with the Fluctuating Environment: Autophagy Regulation under Stress in Yeast and Mammalian Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020304. [PMID: 35204187 PMCID: PMC8868404 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells frequently experience fluctuations of the external and internal environments, such as changes in nutrient, energy and oxygen sources, and protein folding status, which, after reaching a particular threshold, become a type of stress. Cells develop several ways to deal with these various types of stress to maintain homeostasis and survival. Among the cellular survival mechanisms, autophagy is one of the most critical ways to mediate metabolic adaptation and clearance of damaged organelles. Autophagy is maintained at a basal level under normal growing conditions and gets stimulated by stress through different but connected mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the autophagy regulation mechanisms under multiple types of stress including nutrient, energy, oxidative, and ER stress in both yeast and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhangyuan Yin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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Quiring L, Walter B, Lohaus N, Schwan D, Rech A, Dlugos A, Rauen U. Characterisation of cold-induced mitochondrial fission in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Med 2022; 28:13. [PMID: 35100966 PMCID: PMC8802553 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we observed that hypothermia, widely used for organ preservation, elicits mitochondrial fission in different cell types. However, temperature dependence, mechanisms and consequences of this cold-induced mitochondrial fission are unknown. Therefore, we here study cold-induced mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells, a cell type generally displaying a high sensitivity to cold-induced injury. Methods Porcine aortic endothelial cells were incubated at 4–25 °C in modified Krebs–Henseleit buffer (plus glucose to provide substrate and deferoxamine to prevent iron-dependent hypothermic injury). Results Cold-induced mitochondrial fission occurred as early as after 3 h at 4 °C and at temperatures below 21 °C, and was more marked after longer cold incubation periods. It was accompanied by the formation of unusual mitochondrial morphologies such as donuts, blobs, and lassos. Under all conditions, re-fusion was observed after rewarming. Cellular ATP content dropped to 33% after 48 h incubation at 4 °C, recovering after rewarming. Drp1 protein levels showed no significant change during cold incubation, but increased phosphorylation at both phosphorylation sites, activating S616 and inactivating S637. Drp1 receptor protein levels were unchanged. Instead of increased mitochondrial accumulation of Drp1 decreased mitochondrial localization was observed during hypothermia. Moreover, the well-known Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 showed only partial protection against cold-induced mitochondrial fission. The inner membrane fusion-mediating protein Opa1 showed a late shift from the long to the fusion-incompetent short isoform during prolonged cold incubation. Oma1 cleavage was not observed. Conclusions Cold-induced mitochondrial fission appears to occur over almost the whole temperature range relevant for organ preservation. Unusual morphologies appear to be related to fission/auto-fusion. Fission appears to be associated with lower mitochondrial function/ATP decline, mechanistically unusual, and after cold incubation in physiological solutions reversible at 37 °C. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00430-z.
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Cho C, Zeigler M, Mizuno S, Morrison RS, Totah RA, Barker-Haliski M. Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide and Changes in Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteins Are Evident in the Early Phases of the Corneally Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031434. [PMID: 35163358 PMCID: PMC8835945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures or during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS following acute maximal electroshock and 6 Hz 44 mA seizures in mice, as well as in the early phases of the corneally kindled mouse model of chronic seizures. Plasma H2S was acutely reduced after a maximal electroshock seizure. H2S or MeSH levels and expressions of related genes in whole brain homogenates from corneally kindled mice were not altered. However, plasma H2S levels were significantly lower during kindling, but not after established kindling. Moreover, we demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of mitochondrial membrane integrity-related proteins, OPA1, MFN2, Drp1, and Mff during kindling, which did not correlate with changes in gene expression. Taken together, short-term reductions in plasma H2S could be a novel biomarker for seizures. Future studies should further define the role of H2S and mitochondrial stress in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Maxwell Zeigler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Stephanie Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | | | - Rheem A. Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (C.C.); (M.Z.); (R.A.T.)
| | - Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-685-1783
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Ali M, Tabassum H, Alam MM, Parvez S. N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion injury via attenuating Drp-1 mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 293:120338. [PMID: 35065167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury causes a wide array of functional and structure alternations of mitochondria, associated with oxidative stress and increased the severity of injury. Despite the previous evidence for N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) provide neuroprotection after I/R injury, it is unknown to evaluate the effect of NAC on altered mitochondrial autophagy forms an essential axis to impaired mitochondrial quality control in cerebral I/R injury. METHODS Male wistar rats subjected to I/R injury were used as transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (tMCAO) model. After I/R injury, the degree of cerebral tissue injury was detected by infarct volume, H&E staining and behavioral assessment. We also performed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry and mitochondrial respiratory complexes to evaluate the mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we performed the western blotting analysis to measure the apoptotic and autophagic marker. RESULTS We found that NAC administration significantly ameliorates brain injury, improves neurobehavioral outcome, decreases neuroinflammation and mitochondrial mediated oxidative stress. We evaluated the neuroprotective effect of NAC against neuronal apoptosis by assessing its ability to sustained mitochondrial integrity and function. Further studies revealed that beneficial effects of NAC is through targeting the mitochondrial autophagy via regulating the GSK-3β/Drp1mediated mitochondrial fission and inhibiting the expression of beclin-1 and conversion of LC3, as well as activating the p-Akt pro-survival pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NAC exerts neuroprotective effects to inhibit the altered mitochondrial changes and cell death in I/R injury via regulation of p-GSK-3β mediated Drp-1 translocation to the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashshir Ali
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Litwiniuk A, Baranowska-Bik A, Domańska A, Kalisz M, Bik W. Contribution of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121221. [PMID: 34959622 PMCID: PMC8703835 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common forms of neurodegenerative illnesses. It has been widely accepted that neuroinflammation is the key pathogenic mechanism in neurodegeneration. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome complex activity have a crucial role in inducing and sustaining neuroinflammation. In addition, mitochondrial-related inflammatory factors could drive the formation of inflammasome complexes, which are responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The present review includes a broadened approach to the role of mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in abnormal NLRP3 activation in selected neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we also discuss the potential mitochondria-focused treatments that could influence the NLRP3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cegłowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anita Domańska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.L.); (A.D.); (M.K.); (W.B.)
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Casaril AM, Dantzer R, Bas-Orth C. Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Bioenergetic Failure in Inflammation-Associated Depression. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:725547. [PMID: 34790089 PMCID: PMC8592286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.725547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability and affects more than 4% of the population worldwide. Even though its pathophysiology remains elusive, it is now well accepted that peripheral inflammation might increase the risk of depressive episodes in a subgroup of patients. However, there is still insufficient knowledge about the mechanisms by which inflammation induces alterations in brain function. In neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, extensive studies have reported that inflammation negatively impacts mitochondrial health, contributing to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, energy deficits, and eventually neuronal death. In addition, damaged mitochondria can release a wide range of damage-associated molecular patterns that are potent activators of the inflammatory response, creating a feed-forward cycle between oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, inflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. Surprisingly, the possible involvement of this vicious cycle in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated depression remains understudied. In this mini-review we summarize the research supporting the association between neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and bioenergetic failure in inflammation-associated depression to highlight the relevance of further studies addressing this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Waddell J, Banerjee A, Kristian T. Acetylation in Mitochondria Dynamics and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113031. [PMID: 34831252 PMCID: PMC8616140 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a unique intracellular organelle due to their evolutionary origin and multifunctional role in overall cellular physiology and pathophysiology. To meet the specific spatial metabolic demands within the cell, mitochondria are actively moving, dividing, or fusing. This process of mitochondrial dynamics is fine-tuned by a specific group of proteins and their complex post-translational modifications. In this review, we discuss the mitochondrial dynamics regulatory enzymes, their adaptor proteins, and the effect of acetylation on the activity of fusion and fission machinery as a ubiquitous response to metabolic stresses. Further, we discuss the role of intracellular cytoskeleton structures and their post-translational modifications in the modulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Finally, we review the role of mitochondrial dynamics dysregulation in the pathophysiology of acute brain injury and the treatment strategies based on modulation of NAD+-dependent deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-3418
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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Taguchi K, Elias BC, Krystofiak E, Qian S, Sant S, Yang H, Fogo AB, Brooks CR. Quantitative super-resolution microscopy reveals promoting mitochondrial interconnectivity protects against AKI. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1892-1907. [PMID: 35342885 PMCID: PMC8953106 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001602021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The root of many kidney diseases in humans can be traced to alterations or damage to subcellular organelles. Mitochondrial fragmentation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and lysosomal inhibition, among others, ultimately contribute to kidney injury and are the target of therapeutics in development. Although recent technological advancements allow for the understanding of disease states at the cellular level, investigating changes in subcellular organelles from kidney tissue remains challenging. Methods Using structured illumination microscopy, we imaged mitochondria and other organelles from paraffin sections of mouse tissue and human kidney biopsy specimens. The resulting images were 3D rendered to quantify mitochondrial size, content, and morphology. Results were compared with those from transmission electron microscopy and segmentation. Results Super-resolution imaging reveals kidney tubular epithelial cell mitochondria in rodent and human kidney tissue form large, interconnected networks under basal conditions, which are fragmented with injury. This approach can be expanded to other organelles and cellular structures including autophagosomes, ER, brush border, and cell morphology. We find that, during unilateral ischemia, mitochondrial fragmentation occurs in most tubule cells, and they remain fragmented for >96 hours. Promoting mitochondrial fusion with the fusion promotor M1 preserves mitochondrial morphology and interconnectivity and protects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Conclusions We provide, for the first time, a nonbiased, semiautomated approach for quantification of the 3D morphology of mitochondria in kidney tissue. Maintaining mitochondrial interconnectivity and morphology protects against kidney injury. Super-resolution imaging has the potential to both drive discovery of novel pathobiologic mechanisms in kidney tissue and broaden the diagnoses that can be made on human biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Subo Qian
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Snehal Sant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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46
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Liang MZ, Ke TL, Chen L. Mitochondrial Protein PGAM5 Emerges as a New Regulator in Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:730604. [PMID: 34630036 PMCID: PMC8496500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.730604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As mitochondrial dysfunction has increasingly been implicated in neurological diseases, much of the investigation focuses on the response of the mitochondria. It appears that mitochondria can respond to external stimuli speedy fast, in seconds. Understanding how mitochondria sense the signal and communicate with cytosolic pathways are keys to understand mitochondrial regulation in diseases or in response to trauma. It was not until recently that a novel mitochondrial protein, phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) has emerged to be a new regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis. Although controversial results reveal beneficial as well as detrimental roles of PGAM5 in cancers, these findings also suggest PGAM5 may have diverse regulation on cellular physiology. Roles of PGAM5 in neuronal tissues remain to be uncovered. This review discusses current knowledge of PGAM5 in neurological diseases and provides future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Liang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ling Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Nakamura T, Oh CK, Zhang X, Tannenbaum SR, Lipton SA. Protein Transnitrosylation Signaling Networks Contribute to Inflammaging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:531-550. [PMID: 33957758 PMCID: PMC8388249 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological concentrations of nitric oxide (NO•) and related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mediate multiple signaling pathways in the nervous system. During inflammaging (chronic low-grade inflammation associated with aging) and in neurodegenerative diseases, excessive RNS contribute to synaptic and neuronal loss. "NO signaling" in both health and disease is largely mediated through protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), a redox-based posttranslational modification with "NO" (possibly in the form of nitrosonium cation [NO+]) reacting with cysteine thiol (or, more properly, thiolate anion [R-S-]). Recent Advances: Emerging evidence suggests that S-nitrosylation occurs predominantly via transnitros(yl)ation. Mechanistically, the reaction involves thiolate anion, as a nucleophile, performing a reversible nucleophilic attack on a nitroso nitrogen to form an SNO-protein adduct. Prior studies identified transnitrosylation reactions between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-nuclear proteins, thioredoxin-caspase-3, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-caspase-3. Recently, we discovered that enzymes previously thought to act in completely disparate biochemical pathways can transnitrosylate one another during inflammaging in an unexpected manner to mediate neurodegeneration. Accordingly, we reported a concerted tricomponent transnitrosylation network from Uch-L1-to-Cdk5-to-Drp1 that mediates synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease. Critical Issues: Transnitrosylation represents a critical chemical mechanism for transduction of redox-mediated events to distinct subsets of proteins. Although thousands of thiol-containing proteins undergo S-nitrosylation, how transnitrosylation regulates a myriad of neuronal attributes is just now being uncovered. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the study of the chemical biology of transnitrosylation between proteins as a mechanism of disease. Future Directions: We discuss future areas of study of protein transnitrosylation that link our understanding of aging, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 531-550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chang-Ki Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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The Alterations in Mitochondrial Dynamics Following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091384. [PMID: 34573016 PMCID: PMC8468543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia results in a poor oxygen supply and cerebral infarction. Reperfusion to the ischemic area is the best therapeutic approach. Although reperfusion after ischemia has beneficial effects, it also causes ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Increases in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in the brain, resulting in brain infarction, have also been observed following cerebral I/R injury. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, including mitochondrial fusion and fission. Both processes are essential for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. Several studies demonstrated that an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics after cerebral ischemia, with or without reperfusion injury, plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival and infarct area size. Mitochondrial dysmorphology/dysfunction and inflammatory processes also occur after cerebral ischemia. Knowledge surrounding the mechanisms involved in the imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics following cerebral ischemia with or without reperfusion injury would help in the prevention or treatment of the adverse effects of cerebral injury. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss the roles of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory processes in cerebral ischemia with or without reperfusion injury from in vitro and in vivo studies. Any contradictory findings are incorporated and discussed.
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Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081144. [PMID: 34439810 PMCID: PMC8391472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS function as secondary messengers, inducing redox-sensitive post-translational modifications (PTM) in proteins and activating or deactivating different cell signaling pathways. However, in kidney diseases, ROS overproduction causes oxidative stress (OS), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering its metabolism and dynamics. The latter processes are closely related to changes in the cell redox-sensitive signaling pathways, causing inflammation and apoptosis cell death. Although mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and OS have been studied in kidney diseases, the role of redox signaling pathways in mitochondria has not been addressed. This review focuses on altering the metabolism and dynamics of mitochondria through the dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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Correia Y, Scheel J, Gupta S, Wang K. Placental mitochondrial function as a driver of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction. Biol Chem 2021; 402:887-909. [PMID: 34218539 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Correia
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
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