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GENE TARGET: A framework for evaluating Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders for gene therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:32-46. [PMID: 36156879 PMCID: PMC9478871 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interest in gene-based therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders is increasing exponentially, driven by the rise in recognition of underlying genetic etiology, progress in genomic technology, and recent proof of concept in several disorders. The current prioritization of one genetic disorder over another for development of therapies is driven by competing interests of pharmaceutical companies, advocacy groups, and academic scientists. Although these are all valid perspectives, a consolidated framework will facilitate more efficient and rational gene therapy development. Here we outline features of Mendelian neurodevelopmental disorders that warrant consideration when determining suitability for gene therapy. These features fit into four broad domains: genetics, preclinical validation, clinical considerations, and ethics. We propose a simple mnemonic, GENE TARGET, to remember these features and illustrate how they could be scored using a preliminary scoring rubric. In this suggested rubric, for a given disorder, scores for each feature may be added up to a composite GENE TARGET suitability (GTS) score. In addition to proposing a systematic method to evaluate and compare disorders, our framework helps identify gaps in the translational pipeline for a given disorder, which can inform prioritization of future research efforts.
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Kent A, Spink J. Will rising prices and budget constraints prevent patients from accessing novel gene therapies? Gene Ther 2017; 24:542-543. [PMID: 28880017 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kent
- Genetic Alliance UK, London, UK
| | - J Spink
- Genetic Alliance UK, London, UK
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Gasperini AAM, Puentes-Martinez XE, Balbino TA, Rigoletto TDP, Corrêa GDSC, Cassago A, Portugal RV, de La Torre LG, Cavalcanti LP. Association between cationic liposomes and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3308-3317. [PMID: 25730494 DOI: 10.1021/la5045865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a study of the association between low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (16 kDa HA) and cationic liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP). The cationic liposome/HA complexes were evaluated to determine their mesoscopic structure, average size, zeta potential, and morphology as a function of the amount of HA in the system. Small angle X-ray scattering results revealed that neighboring cationic liposomes either stick together after a partial coating of low concentration HA or disperse completely in excess of HA, but they never assemble as multilamellar vesicles. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy images confirm the existence of unilamellar vesicles and large aggregates of unilamellar vesicles for HA fractions up to 80% (w/w). High concentrations of HA (> 20% w/w) proved to be efficient for coating extruded liposomes, leading to particle complexes with sizes in the nanoscale range and a negative zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A M Gasperini
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ximena E Puentes-Martinez
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- ‡Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, CEP 12.231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Albertini Balbino
- §School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO box 6066, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais de Paula Rigoletto
- ∥Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino UNIFAE, Largo Engenheiro Paulo de Almeida Sandeville, 15, CEP 13.870-377, São João da Boa Vista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Cassago
- ⊥Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villares Portugal
- ⊥Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de La Torre
- §School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO box 6066, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leide P Cavalcanti
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Grange S. Tissue Engineering Stem Cells - An e-Governance Strategy. Open Orthop J 2011; 5 Suppl 2:276-82. [PMID: 21886693 PMCID: PMC3149844 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rules of governance are changing. They are necessarily becoming more stringent as interventions offered to treat conditions carry unpredictable side effects, often associated with novel therapeutic vectors. The clinical relevance of this relates to the obligations of those involved in research, to ensure the best protection for subjects whilst encouraging the development of the field. Existing evidence supports the concept of e-Governance both in operational health research and more broadly in the strategic domain of policy formation. Building on the impact of the UK Comprehensive Research Network and recent EU Directives, it is now possible to focus on the issues of regulation for cell therapies in musculoskeletal science through the development of the Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMP) category of research products. This article reviews the framework that has borne this and the need for more detailed Virtual Research Integration and Collaboration (VRIC) systems to ensure regulatory compliance. Technology research and development plans must develop in close association between tissue engineering and treating clinicians. The scope of this strategy relates to the handling of human tissues the transport and storage of specimens in accordance with current EU directives and the Human Tissue Authority (HTA) regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grange
- Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute, McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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Titeux M, Pendaries V, Hovnanian A. Gene therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Dermatol Clin 2010; 28:361-6, xii. [PMID: 20447504 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the severe genetic disorders of the skin that are suitable for gene and cell therapy, most efforts have been made in the treatment of blistering diseases including dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This condition can be recessively or dominantly inherited, depending on the nature and position of the mutation or mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen. At present, there is no specific treatment for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and gene and cell therapy approaches hold great promise. This article discusses the different gene therapy approaches that have been used for the treatment of this disease and the new perspectives that they open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Titeux
- Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U563, Toulouse France
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Horch RE, Pepescu LM, Vacanti C, Maio G. Ethical issues in cellular and molecular medicine and tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 12:1785-93. [PMID: 19145705 PMCID: PMC4506149 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Gene therapy is a new and promising approach which opens a new door to the treatment of human diseases. By direct transfer of genetic materials to the target cells, it could exert functions on the level of genes and molecules. It is hoped to be widely used in the treatment of liver disease, especially hepatic tumors by using different vectors encoding the aim gene for anti-tumor activity by activating primary and adaptive immunity, inhibiting oncogene and angiogenesis. Despite the huge curative potential shown in animal models and some pilot clinical trials, gene therapy has been under fierce discussion since its birth in academia and the public domain because of its unexpected side effects and ethical problems. There are other challenges arising from the technique itself like vector design, administration route test and standard protocol exploration. How well we respond will decide the fate of gene therapy clinical medical practice.
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Chen J, Li C, Guan Y, Kong Q, Li C, Guo X, Chen Q, Jing X, Lv Z, An Y. Protection of mice from lethal Escherichia coli infection by chimeric human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and immunoglobulin G1 Fc gene delivery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:724-31. [PMID: 17145792 PMCID: PMC1797731 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00360-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the potentiality of applying gene therapy to bacterial infections, especially for preventing infection in high-risk patients, we investigated protection of mice from challenge with lethal Escherichia coli infection by adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2)-mediated gene transfer of a chimeric BPI23-Fcgamma1 gene, which consisted of human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) gene encoding the functional N terminus (amino acid residues 1 to 199) of human BPI and an Fcgamma1 gene encoding the Fc segment of human immunoglobulin G1. Here we show that the target protein that was expressed and secreted into the serum of the gene-transferred mice demonstrated the activity of a neutralizing endotoxin, killing E. coli and mediating opsonization. After lethal E. coli infection, the count of bacteria and the levels of endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines in the gene-transferred mice were decreased. The survival rate of BPI23-Fcgamma1 gene-transferred mice markedly increased, especially in conjunction with antibiotics. Our data suggest that AAV2-mediated chimeric BPI23-Fcgamma1 gene delivery could potentially be used clinically for the protection and treatment of infection with gram-negative bacteria in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Capital University of Medical Sciences, and Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital of CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100069, China
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