1
|
Fischell JM, Fishman PS. A Multifaceted Approach to Optimizing AAV Delivery to the Brain for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:747726. [PMID: 34630029 PMCID: PMC8497810 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.747726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advancements in gene therapy technologies, there are no approved gene therapies for diseases which predominantly effect the brain. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have emerged as the most effective delivery vector for gene therapy owing to their simplicity, wide spread transduction and low immunogenicity. Unfortunately, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes IV delivery of AAVs, to the brain highly inefficient. At IV doses capable of widespread expression in the brain, there is a significant risk of severe immune-mediated toxicity. Direct intracerebral injection of vectors is being attempted. However, this method is invasive, and only provides localized delivery for diseases known to afflict the brain globally. More advanced methods for AAV delivery will likely be required for safe and effective gene therapy to the brain. Each step in AAV delivery, including delivery route, BBB transduction, cellular tropism and transgene expression provide opportunities for innovative solutions to optimize delivery efficiency. Intra-arterial delivery with mannitol, focused ultrasound, optimized AAV capsid evolution with machine learning algorithms, synthetic promotors are all examples of advanced strategies which have been developed in pre-clinical models, yet none are being investigated in clinical trials. This manuscript seeks to review these technological advancements, and others, to improve AAV delivery to the brain, and to propose novel strategies to build upon this research. Ultimately, it is hoped that the optimization of AAV delivery will allow for the human translation of many gene therapies for neurodegenerative and other neurologic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fischell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul S Fishman
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sajib AM, Sandey M, Morici S, Schuler B, Agarwal P, Smith BF. Analysis of endogenous and exogenous tumor upregulated promoter expression in canine tumors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240807. [PMID: 33166332 PMCID: PMC7652315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for cancer. However, its utility may be limited due to expression in off-target cells. Cancer-specific promoters such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), survivin, and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have enhanced activity in a variety of human and murine cancers, however, little has been published regarding these promoters in dogs. Given the utility of canine cancer models, the activity of these promoters along with adenoviral E2F enhanced E1a promoter (EEE) was evaluated in a variety of canine tumors, both from the endogenous gene and from exogenously administered constructs. Endogenous expression levels were measured for cTERT, cSurvivin, and cCXCR4 and were low for all three, with some non-malignant and some tumor cell lines and tissues expressing the gene. Expression levels from exogenously supplied promoters were measured by both the number of cells expressing the construct and the intensity of expression in individual cells. Exogenously supplied promoters were active in more cells in all tumor lines than in normal cells, with the EEE promoter being most active, followed by cTERT. The intensity of expression varied more with cell type than with specific promoters. Ultimately, no single promoter was identified that would result in reliable expression, regardless of the tumor type. Thus, these findings imply that identification of a pan-cancer promoter may be difficult. In addition, this data raises the concern that endogenous expression analysis may not accurately predict exogenous promoter activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Samantha Morici
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bradley Schuler
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Development of a carrier system containing hyaluronic acid and protamine for siRNA delivery in the treatment of melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:66-76. [PMID: 32794135 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in melanoma treatment remains limited owing to its biological properties. Herein, we developed a carrier system containing hyaluronic acid and protamine for siRNA delivery. Considering zeta potential and particle size as standards, the ratio of each component in liposome nanoparticles prepared was screened using the control variable method, and siRNA cationic liposome nanoparticles were prepared based on the optimal results obtained. The encapsulation rate of the cationic liposome nanoparticles was measured, and particle morphology was observed. B16F10 cells were treated with the nanoparticles; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell scratch experiments, and cell uptake experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of the loaded siRNA. A mouse model was then established, and tumour tissues were subjected to haematoxylin-eosin staining. The inhibition of the survivin gene and protein expression were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the optimal mass ratio of hyaluronic acid (HA)-siRNA-to-protamine was 1.0; in the HA-siRNA-protamine complex containing 25 μg siRNA, the addition of 50 μL liposomes yielded optimal particles. And encapsulation rate was 85.07%. The nanoparticles demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect against melanoma cells; siRNA liposomes may inhibit tumour growth by down-regulating survivin. Survivin-siRNA cationic liposome nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and the proliferation of subcutaneous melanoma B16F10 cells, probably by inhibiting survivin mRNA and protein expression. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu M, Du Y, Li H, Wang L, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Lebiedzinska W, Pilaszewicz-Puza A, Liu H, Zhou L, Fan H, Wang M, You H, Wolczynnski S, Rahman N, Guo YD, Li X. Cyanidin-3-o-Glucoside Pharmacologically Inhibits Tumorigenesis via Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma Mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1110. [PMID: 31696058 PMCID: PMC6817467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of estrogen receptors [ERα, ERβ, and G-protein associated ER (GPER)] in melanoma and skin may suggest their differential roles in carcinogenesis. Phytoestrogenic compound cyanidin-3-o-glucoside (C3G) has been shown to inhibit the growth and metastatic potential of melanoma, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of C3G in melanoma in vitro and in vivo, as well as to characterize the functional expressions of ERs in melanoma. In normal skin or melanoma (n = 20/each), no ERα protein was detectable, whereas expression of ERβ was high in skin but weak focal or negative in melanoma; and finally high expression of GPER in all skin vs. 50% melanoma tissues (10/20) was found. These results correspond with our analysis of the melanoma survival rates (SRs) from Human Protein Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas GDC (362 patients), where low ERβ expression in melanoma correlate with a poor relapse-free survival, and no correlations were observed between SRs and ERα or GPER expression in melanoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C3G treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by targeting cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and promoted apoptosis via ERβ in both mouse and human melanoma cell lines, and inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo. Our study suggested that C3G elicits an agonistic effect toward ERβ signaling enhancement, which may serve as a potential novel therapeutic and preventive approach for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Weronika Lebiedzinska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Pilaszewicz-Puza
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Huijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua You
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Slawomir Wolczynnski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nafis Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lozano E, Macias RIR, Monte MJ, Asensio M, Del Carmen S, Sanchez-Vicente L, Alonso-Peña M, Al-Abdulla R, Munoz-Garrido P, Satriano L, O'Rourke CJ, Banales JM, Avila MA, Martinez-Chantar ML, Andersen JB, Briz O, Marin JJG. Causes of hOCT1-Dependent Cholangiocarcinoma Resistance to Sorafenib and Sensitization by Tumor-Selective Gene Therapy. Hepatology 2019; 70:1246-1261. [PMID: 30972782 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is useful in the treatment of several cancers, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is refractory to this drug. Among other mechanisms of chemoresistance, impaired uptake through human organic cation transporter type 1 (hOCT1) (gene SLC22A1) has been suggested. Here we have investigated the events accounting for this phenotypic characteristic and have evaluated the interest of selective gene therapy strategies to overcome this limitation. Gene expression and DNA methylation of SLC22A1 were analyzed using intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA) biopsies (Copenhagen and Salamanca cohorts; n = 132) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CHOL (n = 36). Decreased hOCT1 mRNA correlated with hypermethylation status of the SLC22A1 promoter. Treatment of CCA cells with decitabine (demethylating agent) or butyrate (histone deacetylase inhibitor) restored hOCT1 expression and increased sorafenib uptake. MicroRNAs able to induce hOCT1 mRNA decay were analyzed in paired samples of TCGA-CHOL (n = 9) and Copenhagen (n = 57) cohorts. Consistent up-regulation in tumor tissue was found for miR-141 and miR-330. High proportion of aberrant hOCT1 mRNA splicing in CCA was also seen. Lentiviral-mediated transduction of eCCA (EGI-1 and TFK-1) and iCCA (HuCCT1) cells with hOCT1 enhanced sorafenib uptake and cytotoxic effects. In chemically induced CCA in rats, reduced rOct1 expression was accompanied by impaired sorafenib uptake. In xenograft models of eCCA cells implanted in mouse liver, poor response to sorafenib was observed. However, tumor growth was markedly reduced by cotreatment with sorafenib and adenoviral vectors encoding hOCT1 under the control of the BIRC5 promoter, a gene highly up-regulated in CCA. Conclusion: The reason for impaired hOCT1-mediated sorafenib uptake by CCA is multifactorial. Gene therapy capable of selectively inducing hOCT1 in tumor cells can be considered a potentially useful chemosensitization strategy to improve the response of CCA to sorafenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofia Del Carmen
- Salamanca University Hospital, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez-Vicente
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Peña
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Munoz-Garrido
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Letizia Satriano
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Programme, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Vizcaya, Vizcaya, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang N, Li Y, Zhou RM, Cui SJ, Cao SR, Huang X, Huo XR, Shan BE. The effect of polymorphisms in the promoter of the BIRC5 gene on the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and patient’s outcomes. Mutagenesis 2019; 34:307-313. [PMID: 31165868 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and plays a key role in apoptosis or programmed cell death. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of BIRC5 gene polymorphisms on the risk of developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and patients’ outcomes in a high-incidence population from northern China. A population-based case-control study was performed in 597 ESCC patients and 597 control subjects.Survival data were available for 211 patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery. Five polymorphisms (-31 C>G, -241 C>T, -625 G>C, -644 T>C and -1547 A>G) in the promoter of the BIRC5 gene were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. Compared with the -31 CC genotype, the -31 CG/GG genotype of -31 C>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with a significant elevated risk of ESCC [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.84]. Interestingly, this association was stronger among females, younger patients and non-smokers in stratified analyses (adjusted OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07–2.75; adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.10–2.36; adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.26–2.58, respectively]. Survival analyses showed that the T allele of -241 C>T SNP was associated with poor prognosis [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.09–8.19) and that the C allele of -625 G>C SNP was associated with good prognosis (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–0.99) in ESCC patients. The -31 C>G polymorphism may be involved in the development of ESCC, and the -241 C>T and -625 G>C polymorphisms may be useful prognostic markers for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Rong-Miao Zhou
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sai-Jin Cui
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shi-Ru Cao
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ran Huo
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Bao-En Shan
- Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galloway NR, Ball KF, Stiff T, Wall NR. Yin Yang 1 (YY1): Regulation of Survivin and Its Role In Invasion and Metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog 2019; 22:23-36. [PMID: 29604934 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2017020836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant clinical and basic science advancements, cancer remains a devastating disease that affects people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. The pathogenesis of cancer has recently been described to result from eight biological capabilities or hallmarks and two enabling characteristics. These eight hallmarks are: deregulation of cellular energetics, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. The enabling characteristics are: genome instability and mutation and tumor-promoting inflammation. Survivin, the fourth most common transcript found in cancer cells, is a protein that is thought to be involved in the enhanced proliferation, survival, and metastasis and possibly other key hallmarks of cancer cells. Understanding how this gene is turned on and off is vitally important for attempt improving cancer management and therapy. Our work has identified a novel transcriptional regulator of survivin called Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which has been observed to activate some gene promoters and repress others and is gaining increasing interest as a target of cancer therapy. Our work shows for the first time that YY1 represses survivin transcription by physically interacting with the survivin promoter. Furthermore, YY1 appears to contribute to basal survivin transcriptional activity, indicating that disruption of its binding may in part contribute to survivin overexpression after cellular stress events including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Galloway
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Kathryn F Ball
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - TessaRae Stiff
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A novel approach for assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness using survivin-driven tumour-activatable minicircles. Gene Ther 2019; 26:177-186. [PMID: 30867586 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate detection of cancer is essential to optimising patient outcomes. Of particular importance to prostate cancer is the ability to determine the aggressiveness of a primary tumour, which allows for effective management of patient care. In this work, we propose using gene vectors called tumour-activatable minicircles which deliver an exogenously encoded reporter gene into cancer cells, forcing them to produce a unique and sensitive biomarker. These minicircles express a blood reporter protein called secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase mediated by the tumour-specific survivin promoter, which exhibits activity graded to prostate cancer aggressiveness. Together, these components underlie a detection system where levels of blood reporter are indicative of not only the presence, but also the metastatic potential of a tumour. Our goal was to assess the ability of tumour-activatable minicircles to detect and characterise primary prostate lesions. Our minicircles produced reporter levels related to survivin expression across a range of prostate cancer cell lines. When survivin-driven minicircles were administered intratumourally into mice, reporter levels in blood samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in mice carrying prostate tumours of high versus low-aggressiveness. Continued development of this gene-based system could provide clinicians with a powerful tool to evaluate prostate cancer aggressiveness using a sensitive and affordable blood assay.
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin J, Wang M, Qin J, Cai Q, Peng ZH. High promoter activity of cytokeratin-19 gene in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:467-471. [PMID: 30233800 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditionally replicating adenoviral vectors constructed with tumor-specific promoters (TSPs) offers a viable tool for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate cholangiocarcinoma-specific TSPs that remain active in adenoviral constructs in gene therapy. The mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, cytokeratin-19 (CK19), mucin-1, midkine and telomerase reverse transcriptase were determined in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, primary human hepatocytes and cholangiocytes using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The candidate promoters constructed in adenoviral vectors were analyzed for their activities in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, primary human hepatocytes and cholangiocytes using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The mRNA expression of CK19 was markedly higher in the QBC939 cell line, indicating specificity to cholangiocarcinoma. Moreover, the promoter activity of CK19 in the adenoviral vector in infected cholangiocarcinoma cells was found to be significantly stronger compared with that in infected primary human hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. CK19 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, as demonstrated by the stronger activity of its promoter, as well as the higher expression of mRNA in tumor cells. Therefore, the use of the promoter sequence of the CK19 gene may represent a potential tool in cholangiocarcinoma-specific adenoviral gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qu Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Emdad L, Das SK, Wang XY, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Cancer terminator viruses (CTV): A better solution for viral-based therapy of cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5684-5695. [PMID: 29278667 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In principle, viral gene therapy holds significant potential for the therapy of solid cancers. However, this promise has not been fully realized and systemic administration of viruses has not proven as successful as envisioned in the clinical arena. Our research is focused on developing the next generation of efficacious viruses to specifically treat both primary cancers and a major cause of cancer lethality, metastatic tumors (that have spread from a primary site of origin to other areas in the body and are responsible for an estimated 90% of cancer deaths). We have generated a chimeric tropism-modified type 5 and 3 adenovirus that selectively replicates in cancer cells and simultaneously produces a secreted anti-cancer toxic cytokine, melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), referred to as a Cancer Terminator Virus (CTV) (Ad.5/3-CTV). In preclinical animal models, injection into a primary tumor causes selective cell death and therapeutic activity is also observed in non-injected distant tumors, that is, "bystander anti-tumor activity." To enhance the impact and therapeutic utility of the CTV, we have pioneered an elegant approach in which viruses are encapsulated in microbubbles allowing "stealth delivery" to tumor cells that when treated with focused ultrasound causes viral release killing tumor cells through viral replication, and producing and secreting MDA-7/IL-24, which stimulates the immune system to attack distant cancers, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and directly promotes apoptosis in distant cancer cells. This strategy is called UTMD (ultrasound-targeted microbubble-destruction). This novel CTV and UTMD approach hold significant promise for the effective therapy of primary and disseminated tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marconcini R, Spagnolo F, Stucci LS, Ribero S, Marra E, Rosa FD, Picasso V, Di Guardo L, Cimminiello C, Cavalieri S, Orgiano L, Tanda E, Spano L, Falcone A, Queirolo P. Current status and perspectives in immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12452-12470. [PMID: 29552325 PMCID: PMC5844761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma was the first malignancy in which immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated their successful efficacy. Currently, the knowledge on the interaction between the immune system and malignant disease is steadily increasing and new drugs and therapeutic strategies are overlooking in the clinical scenario. To provide a comprehensive overview of immune modulating drugs currently available in the treatment of melanoma as well as to discuss of possible future strategies in the metastatic melanoma setting, the present review aims at analyzing controversial aspects about the optimal immunomodulating treatment sequences, the search for biomarkers of efficacy of immunocheckpoint inhibitors, and innovative combinations of drugs currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Marconcini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria
Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and
Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Spagnolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences,
University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Marra
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences,
University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco De Rosa
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei
Tumori, IRST IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Virginia Picasso
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Orgiano
- AOU Cagliari, Department of Medical Oncology, University of
Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Tanda
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Spano
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria
Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and
Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - for the Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI)
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria
Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and
Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-Istituto
Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and
Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences,
University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei
Tumori, IRST IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan,
Italy
- AOU Cagliari, Department of Medical Oncology, University of
Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park GT, Choi KC. Advanced new strategies for metastatic cancer treatment by therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58684-58695. [PMID: 27494901 PMCID: PMC5295462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of therapeutic stem cell and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Oncolytic viruses constitute a promising new class of anticancer agent because of their ability to selectively infect and destroy tumor cells. Engineering of viruses to express anticancer genes and specific cancer targeting molecules has led to the use of these systems as a novel platform of metastatic cancer therapy. In addition, stem cells have a cancer specific migratory capacity, which is available for metastatic cancer targeting. Prodrug activating enzyme or anticancer cytokine expressing stem cells successfully inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. Preclinical models have clearly demonstrated anticancer activity of these two platforms against a number of different cancer types and metastatic cancer. Several systems using therapeutic stem cells or oncolytic virus have entered clinical trials, and promising results have led to late stage clinical development. Consequently, metastatic cancer therapies using stem cells and oncolytic viruses are extremely promising. The following review will focus on the metastatic cancer targeting mechanism of therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic viruses, and potential challenges ahead for advancing the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Tae Park
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Construction of a combinatorial library of chimeric tumor-specific promoters. Biotechniques 2017; 63:107-116. [PMID: 28911314 DOI: 10.2144/000114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a fast-developing field of molecular medicine. New, effective, and cancer-specific promoters are in high demand by researchers seeking to treat cancer through expression of therapeutic genes. Here, we created a combinatorial library of tumor-specific chimeric promoter modules for identifying new promoters with desired functions. The library was constructed by randomly combining promoter fragments from eight human genes involved in cell proliferation control. The pool of chimeric promoters was inserted into a lentiviral expression vector upstream of the CopGFP reporter gene, transduced into A431 cells, and enriched for active promoters by cell sorting. The enriched library contained a remarkably high proportion of active and tumor-specific promoters. This approach to generating combinatorial libraries of chimeric promoters may serve as a useful tool for selecting highly specific and effective promoters for cancer research and gene therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dhungel B, Jayachandran A, Layton CJ, Steel JC. Seek and destroy: targeted adeno-associated viruses for gene delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:289-299. [PMID: 28165834 PMCID: PMC8241004 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1247926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer with high incidence globally. Increasing mortality and morbidity rates combined with limited treatment options available for advanced HCC press for novel and effective treatment modalities. Gene therapy represents one of the most promising therapeutic options. With the recent approval of herpes simplex virus for advanced melanoma, the field of gene therapy has received a major boost. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is among the most widely used and effective viral vectors today with safety and efficacy demonstrated in a number of human clinical trials. This review identifies the obstacles for effective AAV based gene delivery to HCC which primarily include host immune responses and off-target effects. These drawbacks could be more pronounced for HCC because of the underlying liver dysfunction in most of the patients. We discuss approaches that could be adopted to tackle these shortcomings and manufacture HCC-targeted vectors. The combination of transductional targeting by modifying the vector capsid and transcriptional targeting using HCC-specific promoters has the potential to produce vectors which can specifically seek HCC and deliver therapeutic gene without significant side effects. Finally, the identification of novel HCC-specific ligands and promoters should facilitate and expedite this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Dhungel
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,c University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Woolloongabba , QLD , Australia , and
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Christopher J Layton
- b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,d Ophthalmology Department, Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- a Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang T, Suryawanshi YR, Woyczesczyk HM, Essani K. Targeting Melanoma with Cancer-Killing Viruses. Open Virol J 2017; 11:28-47. [PMID: 28567163 PMCID: PMC5420172 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with ever-increasing incidence. Despite the development in diagnostics and therapies, metastatic melanoma is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a class of novel therapeutic agents for cancer by possessing two closely related properties for tumor reduction: virus-induced lysis of tumor cells and induction of host anti-tumor immune responses. A variety of viruses, either in "natural" or in genetically modified forms, have exhibited a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in regressing melanoma in experimental and/or clinical studies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of these viruses, which involve manipulating and targeting the abnormalities of melanoma, and can be categorized as enhancing viral tropism, targeting the tumor microenvironment and increasing the innate and adaptive antitumor responses. Additionally, this review describes the "biomarkers" and deregulated pathways of melanoma that are responsible for melanoma initiation, progression and metastasis. Advances in understanding these abnormalities of melanoma have resulted in effective targeted and immuno-therapies, and could potentially be applied for engineering OVs with enhanced oncolytic activity in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, U.S.A
| | - Yogesh R. Suryawanshi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, U.S.A
| | - Helene M. Woyczesczyk
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, U.S.A
| | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Okamoto M, Asamura A, Tanaka K, Soeda T, Watanabe K, Mizuguchi H, Ikeda T. Expression of HIF-1α ODD domain fused canine caspase 3 by EGFR promoter-driven adenovirus vector induces cytotoxicity in canine breast tumor cells under hypoxia. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:131-139. [PMID: 27744530 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are widely used in cancer gene therapies. However, compared to human patients, relatively limited information is available on gene transduction efficiency or cell-specific cytotoxicity in canine tumor cells transduced with Ad vectors. Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed on canine breast tumor cells, we sought to develop an Ad vector based on the RGD fiber-mutant adenovirus vector (AdRGD) that expresses canine caspase 3 under the control of EGFR promoter. The aims of this study were to achieve high transduction efficiency with transgene expression restricted to canine breast tumor cells. Using EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD, we were able to restrict transgene expression to canine breast tumor cells with no evidence of expression in normal cells. Canine breast tumor cells transduced with EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD carrying canine caspase 3 gene showed cytotoxic activity. We constructed a second AdRGD vector that expressed oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD)-caspase 3 under the control of the EGFR promoter; the fusion protein contains a core part of the ODD domain of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) fused to caspase 3. Transduction of canine breast tumor cells with EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD expressing ODD-caspase 3 induced a higher rate of cell death under hypoxic conditions compared with under normoxia. The results indicate that the EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD vectors will be of value for tumor-specific transgene expression and safe cancer gene therapy in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Ai Asamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takefumi Soeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kyo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Teruo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shepelev MV, Kopantzev EP, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED, Korobko IV. hTERT and BIRC5 gene promoters for cancer gene therapy: A comparative study. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1204-1210. [PMID: 27446419 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and survivin (BIRC5) gene promoters are frequently used for transcriptional targeting of tumor cells, yet there is no comprehensive comparative analysis allowing rational choice of a promoter for a particular therapy. In the current study, the transcriptional activity of hTERT, human BIRC5 and mouse Birc5 promoters and their modifications were compared in 10 human cancer cell lines using the luciferase reporter gene activity assay. The results revealed that BIRC5- and hTERT-based promoters had strikingly different cell specificities with comparable activities in only 40% of cell lines. Importantly, relative hTERT and BIRC5 transcript abundance cannot be used to predict the most potent promoter. Among the hTERT-based promoters that were assessed, modification with the minimal cytomegalovirus promoter generally resulted in the most potent activity. Mouse Birc5 and modified human BIRC5 promoters were superior to the unmodified human survivin promoter; however, their tumor specificities must be investigated further. In summary, the present results emphasize the desirability for construction of more universal tumor-specific promoters to efficiently target a wide spectrum of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Shepelev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Eugene P Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Vinogradova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Eugene D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Igor V Korobko
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Zhou P, Sun X, Wei G, Zhang L, Wang H, Yao J, Jia P, Zheng J. Modification of the hTERT promoter by heat shock elements enhances the efficiency and specificity of cancer targeted gene therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:244-53. [PMID: 26981638 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1128569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the current challenges facing cancer gene therapy is the tumour-specific targeting of therapeutic genes. Effective targeting in gene therapy requires accurate spatial and temporal control of gene expression. To develop a sufficient and accurate tumour-targeting method for cancer gene therapy, we have investigated the use of hyperthermia to control the expression of a transgene under the control of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and eight heat shock elements (8HSEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Luciferase reporters were constructed by inserting eight HSEs and the hTERT promoter (8HSEs-hTERTp) upstream of the pGL4.20 vector luciferase gene. The luciferase activity of the hTERT promoter and 8HSEs-hTERT promoter were then compared in the presence and absence of heat. The differences in luciferase activity were analysed using dual luciferase assays in SW480 (high hTERT expression), MKN28 and MRC-5 cells (low hTERT expression). The luciferase activity of the Hsp70B promoter was also compared to the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in the above listed cell lines. Lentiviral vector and heat-induced expression of EGFP expression under the control of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in cultured cells and mouse tumour xenografts was measured by reverse transcription polymerase (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS hTERT promoter activity was higher in SW480 cells than in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells. At 43 °C, the luciferase activity of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter was significantly increased in SW480 cells, but not in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells. Importantly, the differences in luciferase activity were much more obvious in both high (SW480) and low (MKN28 and MRC-5) hTERT expressing cells when the activity of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter was compared to the Hsp70B promoter. Moreover, under the control of 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in vitro and in vivo, EGFP expression was obviously increased by heat treatment in SW480 cells but not in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells, nor was expression increased under normal temperature conditions. CONCLUSIONS The hTERT promoter is a potentially powerful tumour-specific promoter and gene therapy tool for cancer treatment. Incorporating heat-inducible therapeutic elements (8HSEs) into the hTERT promoter may enhance the efficiency and specificity of cancer targeting gene therapy under hyperthermic clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - PeiHua Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - XueJun Sun
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - GuangBing Wei
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - Li Zhang
- b Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - Hui Wang
- c Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , and
| | - JianFeng Yao
- c Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , and
| | - PengBo Jia
- d First People's Hospital of XianYang City , XianYang , Shaanxi , China
| | - JianBao Zheng
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dieudonné FX, O'Connor PBF, Gubler-Jaquier P, Yasrebi H, Conne B, Nikolaev S, Antonarakis S, Baranov PV, Curran J. The effect of heterogeneous Transcription Start Sites (TSS) on the translatome: implications for the mammalian cellular phenotype. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:986. [PMID: 26589636 PMCID: PMC4654819 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic program, as manifested as the cellular phenotype, is in large part dictated by the cell's protein composition. Since characterisation of the proteome remains technically laborious it is attractive to define the genetic expression profile using the transcriptome. However, the transcriptional landscape is complex and it is unclear as to what extent it reflects the ribosome associated mRNA population (the translatome). This is particularly pertinent for genes using multiple transcriptional start sites (TSS) generating mRNAs with heterogeneous 5' transcript leaders (5'TL). Furthermore, the relative abundance of the TSS gene variants is frequently cell-type specific. Indeed, promoter switches have been reported in pathologies such as cancer. The consequences of this 5'TL heterogeneity within the transcriptome for the translatome remain unresolved. This is not a moot point because the 5'TL plays a key role in regulating mRNA recruitment onto polysomes. RESULTS In this article, we have characterised both the transcriptome and translatome of the MCF7 (tumoural) and MCF10A (non-tumoural) cell lines. We identified ~550 genes exhibiting differential translation efficiency (TE). In itself, this is maybe not surprising. However, by focusing on genes exhibiting TSS heterogeneity we observed distinct differential promoter usage patterns in both the transcriptome and translatome. Only a minor fraction of these genes belonged to those exhibiting differential TE. Nonetheless, reporter assays demonstrated that the TSS variants impacted on the translational readout both quantitatively (the overall amount of protein expressed) and qualitatively (the nature of the proteins expressed). CONCLUSIONS The results point to considerable and distinct cell-specific 5'TL heterogeneity within both the transcriptome and translatome of the two cell lines analysed. This observation is in-line with the ribosome filter hypothesis which posits that the ribosomal machine can selectively filter information from within the transcriptome. As such it cautions against the simple extrapolation transcriptome → proteome. Furthermore, polysomal occupancy of specific gene 5'TL variants may also serve as novel disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Dieudonné
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascale Gubler-Jaquier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Haleh Yasrebi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Conne
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stylianos Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,The Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pavel V Baranov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph Curran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. .,The Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Detecting cancers through tumor-activatable minicircles that lead to a detectable blood biomarker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3068-73. [PMID: 25713388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414156112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier detection of cancers can dramatically improve the efficacy of available treatment strategies. However, despite decades of effort on blood-based biomarker cancer detection, many promising endogenous biomarkers have failed clinically because of intractable problems such as highly variable background expression from nonmalignant tissues and tumor heterogeneity. In this work we present a tumor-detection strategy based on systemic administration of tumor-activatable minicircles that use the pan-tumor-specific Survivin promoter to drive expression of a secretable reporter that is detectable in the blood nearly exclusively in tumor-bearing subjects. After systemic administration we demonstrate a robust ability to differentiate mice bearing human melanoma metastases from tumor-free subjects for up to 2 wk simply by measuring blood reporter levels. Cumulative change in reporter levels also identified tumor-bearing subjects, and a receiver operator-characteristic curve analysis highlighted this test's performance with an area of 0.918 ± 0.084. Lung tumor burden additionally correlated (r(2) = 0.714; P < 0.05) with cumulative reporter levels, indicating that determination of disease extent was possible. Continued development of our system could improve tumor detectability dramatically because of the temporally controlled, high reporter expression in tumors and nearly zero background from healthy tissues. Our strategy's highly modular nature also allows it to be iteratively optimized over time to improve the test's sensitivity and specificity. We envision this system could be used first in patients at high risk for tumor recurrence, followed by screening high-risk populations before tumor diagnosis, and, if proven safe and effective, eventually may have potential as a powerful cancer-screening tool for the general population.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nahar VK. Skin cancer prevention among school children: a brief review. Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 21:227-32. [PMID: 24592730 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In many countries the incidence of melanoma has been doubling in every 10 years. Since 1930, the rate of melanoma has increased over 1,800% and researchers are expecting this trend to continue and increase for the next 10 to 20 years. Primary prevention and early detection of skin cancer in childhood is important to reduce the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. Primary prevention programmes are more beneficial and effective in children, not only due to the particular importance of sunlight exposure during this period, but because this is when individuals are more open to changes and adopt new attitudes and behaviour. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the results of intervention studies designed to modify sun exposure behaviour among children in the United States of America, Australia and Europe. An additional purpose is to summarize the recommendations obtained from the reviewed studies. The strongest recommendation to emerge from this review is that the skin cancer primary prevention programme should be carried out over several school years, not just one time, to produce changes in the sun safety behaviour. Moreover, it recommends that parents should be targeted to educate their children about sun protective skills and promote skin cancer prevention behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak K Nahar
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bodles-Brakhop AM, Draghia-Akli R. DNA vaccination and gene therapy: optimization and delivery for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:1085-101. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.7.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Minn I, Menezes ME, Sarkar S, Yarlagadda K, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Pomper MG. Molecular-genetic imaging of cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 124:131-69. [PMID: 25287688 PMCID: PMC4339000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411638-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-genetic imaging of cancer using nonviral delivery systems has great potential for clinical application as a safe, efficient, noninvasive tool for visualization of various cellular processes including detection of cancer, and its attendant metastases. In recent years, significant effort has been expended in overcoming technical hurdles to enable clinical adoption of molecular-genetic imaging. This chapter will provide an introduction to the components of molecular-genetic imaging and recent advances on each component leading to safe, efficient clinical applications for detecting cancer. Combination with therapy, namely, generating molecular-genetic theranostic constructs, will provide further impetus for clinical translation of this promising technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keerthi Yarlagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye F, Zhong B, Dan G, Jiang F, Sai Y, Zhao J, Sun H, Zou Z. Therapeutic anti-tumor effect of exogenous apoptin driven by human survivin gene promoter in a lentiviral construct. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:561-8. [PMID: 23847683 PMCID: PMC3701987 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.35423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to construct a lentivirus vector with survivin promoter (pSur)-driven apoptin and test its efficiency in suppressing the growth of tumor cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression cassettes with different fragments of survivin gene promoter (pSur, 161 bp, 272 bp, 990 bp) driving 6XHis-tagged apoptin were constructed to generate recombinant lentivirus, of which the inhibitory effect on tumor cells was compared. The activity of different pSur in 293FT, and 272 bp pSur in primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), SW480, Hela and MCF-7 was examined by Western blot. Their ability to induce apoptosis in SW480 cells was determined by annexin-V staining. The inhibitory effect of letivirus containing different pSur-driven apoptin on nude mice-xenografted SW480 cells was assessed by tumor size and pathological observation. RESULTS The 272 bp and 990 bp pSur displayed comparable effects in terms of promoter activity, cell apoptosis/necrosis and G1 phase arrest in vitro, and growth of xenograft tumor in vivo. When lentivirus containing 272 bp pSur was tested, it drove high apoptin expression in tumor cells (SW480, Hela and MCF-7) and weak expression in primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Xenograft to nude mice using infected Sw480 cells showed that lentiviruses possessing 272 bp and 990 bp pSur were able to significantly induce tumor cell death, focal necrosis, and tumor growth lag. CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that pSur-apoptin expression cassette in lentivirus vector ensures specific suppression of tumor cells, and may be applicable to monitor malignant transformation of transplanted cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guorong Dan
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sai
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqing Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqin Sun
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongmin Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
KIM SOY, KANG SUJIN, SONG JAEJ, KIM JOOHANG. The effectiveness of the oncolytic activity induced by Ad5/F35 adenoviral vector is dependent on the cumulative cellular conditions of survival and autophagy. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1337-48. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
26
|
Dallaglio K, Marconi A, Pincelli C. Survivin: a dual player in healthy and diseased skin. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:18-27. [PMID: 21900948 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, and, in addition to the antiapoptotic functions, it also regulates the cell cycle. The survivin gene generates five major isoforms with diverse and opposite functions. Survivin is highly expressed in cancer and in few normal adult tissues, including skin. It is mostly detected in the nucleus of keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), but it is also expressed in melanocytes and fibroblasts. Survivin isoforms are differentially detected in subpopulations of human keratinocytes, exerting contrasting activities. Survivin has an important role in the regulation of cell cycle in keratinocytes, and it protects these cells from anoikis and UV-induced apoptosis. In melanoma, survivin is abundantly expressed, and its subcellular localization varies depending upon tumor thickness and invasiveness. Survivin overexpression has been shown in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and it is also involved in UVB-induced carcinogenesis. The presence of survivin both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm throughout the epidermal layers of psoriatic lesions suggests the involvement of this protein in the keratinocyte alterations typical of this disease. Additional studies on the expression of survivin isoforms and their subcellular localization in relation to function will confirm the key role of survivin in the skin and will open the field to new therapeutic strategies for many cutaneous conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Dallaglio
- Institute of Dermatology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Potent, tumor-specific gene expression in an orthotopic hepatoma rat model using a Survivin-targeted, amplifiable adenoviral vector. Gene Ther 2011; 18:606-12. [PMID: 21307888 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ideal cancer gene therapies should have high tumor specificity and efficacy, and allow systemic administration to target metastases. We recently developed a bi-directional, two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system driven by the tumor-specific Survivin promoter (pSurv) to amplify the correlated expression of both the reporter gene firefly luciferase (FL) and therapeutic gene tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Here, we compare the specificity and potency of an adenovirus carrying this system (Ad-pSurv-TSTA-TRAIL-FL) to a nonspecific vector (Ad-pCMV-FL) in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rat model after systemic administration. At 24 h after injection of Ad-pCMV-FL, bioluminescence imaging revealed a trend (P=0.30) towards greater FL expression in liver versus tumor. In striking contrast, Ad-pSurv-TSTA-TRAIL-FL showed increased FL activity within the tumor compared with the liver (P<0.01), a strong trend towards reduced liver expression compared with Ad-pCMV-FL (P=0.07), and importantly, similar FL levels within tumor compared with Ad-pCMV-FL (P=0.32). Hence, this vector shows potent, tumor-specific transgene expression even after extensive liver transduction and may be of significant value in avoiding hepatotoxicity in HCC patients. Future studies will explore the benefits of tumor-specific TRAIL expression in this model, the potential to target metastases and the extension of this vector for the treatment of other Survivin-positive tumors is warranted.
Collapse
|
28
|
SAKURAI F, MIZUGUCHI H. Development of Recombinant Adenovirus Carrying MicroRNA-regulated Gene Expression System. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1497-504. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori SAKURAI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
| | - Hiroyuki MIZUGUCHI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paupoo AAV, Zhu ZB, Wang M, Rein DT, Starzinski-Powitz A, Curiel DT. A conditionally replicative adenovirus, CRAd-S-pK7, can target endometriosis with a cell-killing effect. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2068-83. [PMID: 20573677 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic approaches for endometriosis based on molecular strategies may prove to be useful. Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) are designed to exploit key differences between target and normal cells. The wild-type adenovirus (Adwt) promoter can be replaced by tissue-specific promoters, allowing viral replication only in target cells. Viral infectivity can be enhanced by altering Ad tropism via fiber modification. We investigated whether CRAds can be used to target endometriosis and determined the most efficient transcriptional- and transductional-targeting strategy. METHODS An in vitro study was carried out using human endometriotic cell lines, 11Z (epithelial) and 22B (stromal), normal human ovarian surface epithelial cell line (NOSE006) and primary human endometriosis cells. A total of 9 promoters and 12 Ad tropism modifications were screened by means of a luciferase reporter assay. From this screening data, three CRAds (CRAd-S-pK7, CRAd-S-RGD, CRAd-S-F5/3sigma1, all incorporating the survivin promoter but with different fiber modifications) were selected to perform experiments using Adwt and a replication-deficient virus as controls. CRAds were constructed using a plasmid recombination system. Viral-binding capacity, rates of entry and DNA replication were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR of viral genome copy. Cell-killing effects were determined by crystal violet staining and a cell viability assay for different concentrations of viral particles per cell. RESULTS Comparison of promoters demonstrated that the survivin promoter exhibited the highest induction in both endometriotic cell lines. Among the fiber-modified viruses, the polylysine modification (pK7) showed the best infection enhancement. CRAd-S-pK7 was validated as the optimal CRAd to target endometriosis in terms of binding ability, entry kinetics, DNA replication and cell-killing effect. CRAd-S-pK7 also exhibited a high level of DNA replication in primary endometriosis cells. CONCLUSIONS CRAd-S-pK7 has the best infection and cell-killing effect in the context of endometriosis. It could prove to be a useful novel method to target refractory cases of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A V Paupoo
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mingaleeva RN, Chernov IP, Kopantzev EP, Zavalova LL, Sass AV, Sverdlov ED. Comparative analysis of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene expression potentiation via HIV-1 Tat-TAR system and cancer-specific promoters in P53(+) and P53(-) cells. Mol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Mityaev MV, Kopantzev EP, Buzdin AA, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED. Enhancer element potentially involved in human survivin gene promoter regulation in lung cancer cell lines. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:182-91. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
The demand for plasmid DNA in large quantities at high purity and concentration is expected to escalate as more DNA vaccines are entering clinical trial status and becoming closer to market approval. This review outlines different methods for DNA vaccine manufacture and discusses the challenges that hinder large-scale production. Current technologies are summarized, focusing on novel approaches that have the potential to address downstream bottlenecks and adaptability for large-scale application. Product quality in terms of supercoiled percentage and impurity levels are compared at the different production levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- VGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Suite 180, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ray S, Paulmurugan R, Patel MR, Ahn BC, Wu L, Carey M, Gambhir SS. Noninvasive imaging of therapeutic gene expression using a bidirectional transcriptional amplification strategy. Mol Ther 2008; 16:1848-56. [PMID: 18766175 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoters that limit transgene expression to tumors play a vital role in cancer gene therapy. Although tumor specific, the human Survivin promoter (pSurv) elicits low levels of transcription. A bidirectional two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system was designed to enhance expression of the therapeutic gene (TG) tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or TR) and the reporter gene firefly luciferase (FL) from pSurv. An adenoviral vector carrying the enhanced targeting apparatus (Ad-pSurv-TR-G8-FL) was tested for efficiency and specificity of gene expression in cells and in living animals. Compared to the one-step systems (Ad-pSurv-FL or Ad-pSurv-TR), the bidirectional TSTA system showed tenfold higher expression of both the therapeutic and the reporter gene and their expression correlated in cells (R(2) = 0.99) and in animals (R(2) = 0.67). Noninvasive quantitative monitoring of magnitude and time variation of TRAIL gene expression was feasible by bioluminescence imaging of the transcriptionally linked FL gene in xenograft tumors following intratumoral adenoviral injection. Moreover, the TSTA adenovirus maintained promoter specificity in nontarget tissues following tail vein administration. These studies demonstrate the potential of the bidirectional TSTA system to achieve high levels of gene expression from a weak promoter, while preserving specificity and the ability to image expression of the TG noninvasively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Ray
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hengge UR. Gene therapy progress and prospects: the skin – easily accessible, but still far away. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1555-63. [PMID: 16957767 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in corrective gene therapy of inherited skin diseases. This includes advances in vector technology, targeted gene expression, gene replacement, and the availability of appropriate animal models for a variety of candidate diseases. In addition, an increased understanding of the uptake and trafficking mechanisms inside keratinocytes has evolved. Topical application facilitates DNA vaccination through the skin, albeit clinical benefits have not yet materialized. However, the translation into clinical trials has only been partially mastered. The latter and the control of immune responses represent challenges for the research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U R Hengge
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Embedded in the concept of targeted cancer therapy is the expectation that disabling a single oncogenic pathway will eliminate the tumor cells and leave the normal tissues unscathed. Although validated by clinical responses in certain malignancies, challenges exist to generalize this approach to most tumors, as multiple genetic lesions, chromosomal instability, insensitivity of the cancer stem cell compartment, and emergence of drug resistance complicate the identification and therapeutic exploitation of a single, driving oncogenic pathway. Instead, broader therapeutic prospects may be offered by targeting crossroad signaling networks that are selectively exploited in cancer and oversee multiple aspects of tumor cell maintenance. One such pathway is centered on survivin, a cancer gene that intersects cell proliferation, cell survival, and the cellular stress response. Several clinical trials targeting survivin with a collection of approaches from immunotherapy to small-molecule antagonists are currently under way. By simultaneously disabling multiple signaling circuitries, targeting survivin may provide a novel perspective in rational cancer therapy selective for specific cancer mechanisms but broadly applicable to disparate tumors regardless of their genetic makeup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Department of Cancer Biology, LRB428, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Leiomyomas (fibroids) are common estrogen-dependent uterine tumours that cause significant morbidity for women and a substantial economic impact on health delivery systems. Currently, there is no effective medical treatment option for this condition-hysterectomy is the mainstay of management. This is not an attractive choice for many women, especially patients desiring to preserve their fertility potential. Gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality, with more than 600 clinical trials worldwide. Researchers have recently attempted to develop a gene-therapy-based approach for the ablation of uterine fibroids. The localized nature of this condition and its accessibility using different imaging or endoscopic techniques make it an attractive target for direct delivery of gene-based vectors. Recent work from our laboratory suggests the potential use of a dominant-negative form of estrogen receptor (ER) to inactivate estrogen signalling in leiomyoma cells and induce apoptosis. Our in vivo data in a mouse model demonstrate the ability of an adenovirus-expressing dominant-negative ER to arrest leiomyoma growth. We and others also have described the utility of the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) plus ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene-therapy system to effectively eradicate leiomyoma cells by utilizing the bystandard effect phenomena and the high expression of gap-junction protein in these tumours. Further work on rat models will pave the way for future leiomyoma gene-therapy clinical trials and allow the realization of gene therapy as a viable non-surgical option for this common problem in women's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kuźbicki L, Sarnecka A, Chwirot BW. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in benign naevi and during human cutaneous melanoma progression. Melanoma Res 2006; 16:29-36. [PMID: 16432453 DOI: 10.1097/01.cmr.0000194430.77643.a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme that plays an important role in the production of prostaglandins. Numerous studies have demonstrated increased levels of COX-2 in human cancers of different types. It is thought that COX-2 may be involved in the development and progression of malignant tumours. However, data on the changes in COX-2 expression during the development and progression of human melanoma are relatively limited. Moreover, the results reported by different groups disagree to a large extent. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether COX-2 protein might be considered a potential molecular marker of melanoma progression. The expression of COX-2 was determined immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 64 human melanocytic skin tumours (17 naevi, 36 primary cutaneous melanomas and 11 lymph node melanoma metastases, with six pairs of primary and metastatic lesions obtained from the same patients). It was found that the expression level of COX-2 was dependent on both the stage and histopathological type of the melanoma. Collectively, our data indicate that changes in the expression level of COX-2 are correlated with the development and progression of human melanoma, and imply that the COX-2 protein may be considered a potential prognostic and predictive marker in malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|