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Chantepie S, Charmantier A, Delahaie B, Adriaensen F, Matthysen E, Visser ME, Álvarez E, Barba E, Orell M, Sheldon B, Ivankina E, Kerimov A, Lavergne S, Teplitsky C. Divergence in evolutionary potential of life history traits among wild populations is predicted by differences in climatic conditions. Evol Lett 2024; 8:29-42. [PMID: 38370542 PMCID: PMC10872211 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-term adaptive evolution represents one of the primary mechanisms allowing species to persist in the face of global change. Predicting the adaptive response at the species level requires reliable estimates of the evolutionary potential of traits involved in adaptive responses, as well as understanding how evolutionary potential varies across a species' range. Theory suggests that spatial variation in the fitness landscape due to environmental variation will directly impact the evolutionary potential of traits. However, empirical evidence on the link between environmental variation and evolutionary potential across a species range in the wild is lacking. In this study, we estimate multivariate evolutionary potential (via the genetic variance-covariance matrix, or G-matrix) for six morphological and life history traits in 10 wild populations of great tits (Parus major) distributed across Europe. The G-matrix significantly varies in size, shape, and orientation across populations for both types of traits. For life history traits, the differences in G-matrix are larger when populations are more distant in their climatic niche. This suggests that local climates contribute to shaping the evolutionary potential of phenotypic traits that are strongly related to fitness. However, we found no difference in the overall evolutionary potential (i.e., G-matrix size) between populations closer to the core or the edge of the distribution area. This large-scale comparison of G-matrices across wild populations emphasizes that integrating variation in multivariate evolutionary potential is important to understand and predict species' adaptive responses to new selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chantepie
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Sciences et Lettres, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
- INRAE, ONF, BIOFORA, 45075, Orléans, France
| | | | - Boris Delahaie
- CIRAD, UMR DIADE, Montpellier 34398, France
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frank Adriaensen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Álvarez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Emilio Barba
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Markku Orell
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ben Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ivankina
- Zvenigorod Biological Station of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anvar Kerimov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
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Population Divergence along a Genetic Line of Least Resistance in the Tree Species Eucalyptus globulus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091095. [PMID: 32962131 PMCID: PMC7565133 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary response to selection depends on the distribution of genetic variation in traits under selection within populations, as defined by the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix (G). The structure and evolutionary stability of G will thus influence the course of phenotypic evolution. However, there are few studies assessing the stability of G and its relationship with population divergence within foundation tree species. We compared the G-matrices of Mainland and Island population groups of the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus, and determined the extent to which population divergence aligned with within-population genetic (co)variation. Four key wood property traits exhibiting signals of divergent selection were studied—wood density, extractive content, and lignin content and composition. The comparison of G-matrices of the mainland and island populations indicated that the G-eigenstructure was relatively well preserved at an intra-specific level. Population divergence tended to occur along a major direction of genetic variation in G. The observed conservatism of G, the moderate evolutionary timescale, and close relationship between genetic architecture and population trajectories suggest that genetic constraints may have influenced the evolution and diversification of the E. globulus populations for the traits studied. However, alternative scenarios, including selection aligning genetic architecture and population divergence, are discussed.
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Delahaie B, Charmantier A, Chantepie S, Garant D, Porlier M, Teplitsky C. Conserved G-matrices of morphological and life-history traits among continental and island blue tit populations. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:76-87. [PMID: 28402327 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic variance-covariance matrix (G-matrix) summarizes the genetic architecture of multiple traits. It has a central role in the understanding of phenotypic divergence and the quantification of the evolutionary potential of populations. Laboratory experiments have shown that G-matrices can vary rapidly under divergent selective pressures. However, because of the demanding nature of G-matrix estimation and comparison in wild populations, the extent of its spatial variability remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate spatial variation in G-matrices for morphological and life-history traits using long-term data sets from one continental and three island populations of blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) that have experienced contrasting population history and selective environment. We found no evidence for differences in G-matrices among populations. Interestingly, the phenotypic variance-covariance matrices (P) were divergent across populations, suggesting that using P as a substitute for G may be inadequate. These analyses also provide the first evidence in wild populations for additive genetic variation in the incubation period (that is, the period between last egg laid and hatching) in all four populations. Altogether, our results suggest that G-matrices may be stable across populations inhabiting contrasted environments, therefore challenging the results of previous simulation studies and laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Delahaie
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France
| | - A Charmantier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France
| | - S Chantepie
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5533 CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - D Garant
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Porlier
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Teplitsky
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE, Montpellier, France
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Romano A, Costanzo A, Rubolini D, Saino N, Møller AP. Geographical and seasonal variation in the intensity of sexual selection in the barn swallowHirundo rustica: a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1582-1600. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 26 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 26 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 26 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Celoria 26 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech; Université Paris-Saclay; F-91400 Orsay France
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Puentes A, Granath G, Ågren J. Similarity in G matrix structure among natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata. Evolution 2016; 70:2370-2386. [PMID: 27501272 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the stability of the G matrix in natural populations is fundamental for predicting evolutionary trajectories; yet, the extent of its spatial variation and how this impacts responses to selection remain open questions. With a nested paternal half-sib crossing design and plants grown in a field experiment, we examined differences in the genetic architecture of flowering time, floral display, and plant size among four Scandinavian populations of Arabidopsis lyrata. Using a multivariate Bayesian framework, we compared the size, shape, and orientation of G matrices and assessed their potential to facilitate or constrain trait evolution. Flowering time, floral display and rosette size varied among populations and significant additive genetic variation within populations indicated potential to evolve in response to selection. Yet, some characters, including flowering start and number of flowers, may not evolve independently because of genetic correlations. Using a multivariate framework, we found few differences in the genetic architecture of traits among populations. G matrices varied mostly in size rather than shape or orientation. Differences in multivariate responses to selection predicted from differences in G were small, suggesting overall matrix similarity and shared constraints to trait evolution among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Puentes
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gustaf Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wood JLA, Yates MC, Fraser DJ. Are heritability and selection related to population size in nature? Meta-analysis and conservation implications. Evol Appl 2016; 9:640-57. [PMID: 27247616 PMCID: PMC4869407 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that small populations should have less additive genetic variance and respond less efficiently to natural selection than large populations. Across taxa, we meta-analytically quantified the relationship between adult census population size (N) and additive genetic variance (proxy: h (2)) and found no reduction in h (2) with decreasing N; surveyed populations ranged from four to one million individuals (1735 h (2) estimates, 146 populations, 83 species). In terms of adaptation, ecological conditions may systematically differ between populations of varying N; the magnitude of selection these populations experience may therefore also differ. We thus also meta-analytically tested whether selection changes with N and found little evidence for systematic differences in the strength, direction or form of selection with N across different trait types and taxa (7344 selection estimates, 172 populations, 80 species). Collectively, our results (i) indirectly suggest that genetic drift neither overwhelms selection more in small than in large natural populations, nor weakens adaptive potential/h (2) in small populations, and (ii) imply that natural populations of varying sizes experience a variety of environmental conditions, without consistently differing habitat quality at small N. However, we caution that the data are currently insufficient to determine whether some small populations may retain adaptive potential definitively. Further study is required into (i) selection and genetic variation in completely isolated populations of known N, under-represented taxonomic groups, and nongeneralist species, (ii) adaptive potential using multidimensional approaches and (iii) the nature of selective pressures for specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L A Wood
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal QC Canada; Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL) Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières QC Canada
| | - Matthew C Yates
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Dylan J Fraser
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal QC Canada; Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL) Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières QC Canada
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Guerrini M, Gennai C, Panayides P, Crabtree A, Zuberogoitia I, Copland AS, Babushkina O, Politi PM, Giunchi D, Barbanera F. Large-scale patterns of genetic variation in a female-biased dispersing passerine: the importance of sex-based analyses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98574. [PMID: 24886720 PMCID: PMC4041750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal affects the distribution, dynamics and genetic structure of natural populations, and can be significantly different between sexes. However, literature records dealing with the dispersal of migratory birds are scarce, as migratory behaviour can notably complicate the study of dispersal. We used the barn swallow Hirundo rustica as model taxon to investigate patterns of genetic variability in males and in females of a migratory species showing sex-biased dispersal. We collected blood samples (n = 186) over the period 2006 to 2011 from adults (H. r. rustica subspecies) nesting in the same breeding site at either high (Ireland, Germany and Russia) or low (Spain, Italy and Cyprus) latitude across Europe. We amplified the Chromo Helicase DNA gene in all birds in order to warrant a sex-balanced sample size (92 males, 94 females). We investigated both uniparental (mitochondrial ND2 gene) and biparental (microsatellite DNA: 10 loci) genetic systems. The mtDNA provided evidence for demographic expansion yet no significant partition of the genetic variability was disclosed. Nevertheless, a comparatively distant Russian population investigated in another study, whose sequences were included in the present dataset, significantly diverged from all other ones. Different to previous studies, microsatellites highlighted remarkable genetic structure among the studied populations, and pointed to the occurrence of differences between male and female barn swallows. We produced evidence for non-random patterns of gene flow among barn swallow populations probably mediated by female natal dispersal, and we found significant variability in the philopatry of males of different populations. Our data emphasize the importance of taking into account the sex of sampled individuals in order to obtain reliable inferences on species characterized by different patterns of dispersal between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Guerrini
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clizia Gennai
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Babushkina
- Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Bird Protection, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Paolo M. Politi
- Orti-Bottagone Nature Reserve, World Wildlife Fund, Piombino, Italy
| | - Dimitri Giunchi
- Department of Biology, Ethology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Barbanera
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Bacigalupe LD, Barrientos K, Beckerman AP, Carter MJ, Figueroa CC, Foster SP, Moore AJ, Silva AX, Nespolo RF. Can invasions occur without change? A comparison of G-matrices and selection in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5109-18. [PMID: 24455140 PMCID: PMC3892372 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Most evolutionary research on biological invasions has focused on changes seen between the native and invaded range for a particular species. However, it is likely that species that live in human-modified habitats in their native range might have evolved specific adaptations to those environments, which increase the likelihood of establishment and spread in similar human-altered environments. From a quantitative genetic perspective, this hypothesis suggests that both native and introduced populations should reside at or near the same adaptive peak. Therefore, we should observe no overall changes in the G (genetic variance-covariance) matrices between native and introduced ranges, and stabilizing selection on fitness-related traits in all populations. We tested these predictions comparing three populations of the worldwide pest Myzus persicae from the Middle East (native range) and the UK and Chile (separately introduced ranges). In general, our results provide mixed support for this idea, but further comparisons of other species are needed. In particular, we found that there has been some limited evolution in the studied traits, with the Middle East population differing from the UK and Chilean populations. This was reflected in the structure of the G-matrices, in which Chile differed from both UK and Middle East populations. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variation was massively reduced in Chile in comparison with UK and Middle East populations. Finally, we found no detectable selection on any trait in the three populations, but clones from the introduced ranges started to reproduce later, were smaller, had smaller offspring, and had lower reproductive fitness than clones from the native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karin Barrientos
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrew P Beckerman
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile ; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S102TN, U.K
| | - Mauricio J Carter
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, U.K
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Stephen P Foster
- Rothamsted Research West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Allen J Moore
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Cornwall Campus, Penryn, U.K ; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Andrea X Silva
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile P.O. 51110566, Valdivia, Chile
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Kelly MW, Grosberg RK, Sanford E. Trade-offs, geography, and limits to thermal adaptation in a tide pool copepod. Am Nat 2013; 181:846-54. [PMID: 23669546 DOI: 10.1086/670336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic correlations among traits may slow the rate of adaptation to a changing environment. The tide pool copepod Tigriopus californicus is locally adapted to temperature, but within populations, the response to selection for increased heat tolerance plateaus rapidly, suggesting either limited variation within populations or costs of increased tolerance. To measure possible costs of thermal tolerance, we selected for increased upper lethal limits for 10 generations in 22 lines of T. californicus from six populations. Then, for each line, we measured six fitness-related traits. Selected lines showed an overall increase in male and female body sizes, fecundity, and starvation resistance, suggesting a small benefit from (rather than costs of) increased tolerance. The effect of selection on correlated traits also varied significantly by population for five traits, indicating that the genetic basis for the selection response differed among populations. Our results suggest that adaptation was limited by the presence of variation within isolated populations rather than by costs of increased tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan W Kelly
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Pitchers WR, Brooks R, Jennions MD, Tregenza T, Dworkin I, Hunt J. Limited plasticity in the phenotypic variance-covariance matrix for male advertisement calls in the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1060-78. [PMID: 23530814 PMCID: PMC3641675 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic integration and plasticity are central to our understanding of how complex phenotypic traits evolve. Evolutionary change in complex quantitative traits can be predicted using the multivariate breeders' equation, but such predictions are only accurate if the matrices involved are stable over evolutionary time. Recent study, however, suggests that these matrices are temporally plastic, spatially variable and themselves evolvable. The data available on phenotypic variance-covariance matrix (P) stability are sparse, and largely focused on morphological traits. Here, we compared P for the structure of the complex sexual advertisement call of six divergent allopatric populations of the Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. We measured a subset of calls from wild-caught crickets from each of the populations and then a second subset after rearing crickets under common-garden conditions for three generations. In a second experiment, crickets from each population were reared in the laboratory on high- and low-nutrient diets and their calls recorded. In both experiments, we estimated P for call traits and used multiple methods to compare them statistically (Flury hierarchy, geometric subspace comparisons and random skewers). Despite considerable variation in means and variances of individual call traits, the structure of P was largely conserved among populations, across generations and between our rearing diets. Our finding that P remains largely stable, among populations and between environmental conditions, suggests that selection has preserved the structure of call traits in order that they can function as an integrated unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Pitchers
- Department of Zoology, Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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11
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Evolution of the G-matrix in life history traits in the common frog during a recent colonisation of an island system. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Teplitsky C, Mouawad NG, Balbontin J, De Lope F, Møller AP. Quantitative genetics of migration syndromes: a study of two barn swallow populations. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2025-39. [PMID: 21707815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a complex trait although little is known about genetic correlations between traits involved in such migration syndromes. To assess the migratory responses to climate change, we need information on genetic constraints on evolutionary potential of arrival dates in migratory birds. Using two long-term data sets on barn swallows Hirundo rustica (from Spain and Denmark), we show for the first time in wild populations that spring arrival dates are phenotypically and genetically correlated with morphological and life history traits. In the Danish population, length of outermost tail feathers and wing length were negatively genetically correlated with arrival date. In the Spanish population, we found a negative genetic correlation between arrival date and time elapsed between arrival date and laying date, constraining response to selection that favours both early arrival and shorter delays. This results in a decreased rate of adaptation, not because of constraints on arrival date, but constraints on delay before breeding, that is, a trait that can be equally important in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Teplitsky
- Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité UMR MNHN - CNRS 7204, Paris, France.
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Yassin A, Carareto CMA, Noll F, Bicudo HEMC, David JR. Realized evolvability: quantifying phenotypic evolution in a Drosophila clade. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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SANTURE ANNAW, EWEN JOHNG, SICARD DELPHINE, ROFF DEREKA, MØLLER ANDERSP. Population structure in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica: a comparison between neutral DNA markers and quantitative traits. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Balbontín J, Møller AP, Hermosell IG, Marzal A, Reviriego M, de Lope F. Geographic patterns of natal dispersal in barn swallows Hirundo rustica from Denmark and Spain. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Arnold SJ, Bürger R, Hohenlohe PA, Ajie BC, Jones AG. Understanding the evolution and stability of the G-matrix. Evolution 2009; 62:2451-61. [PMID: 18973631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The G-matrix summarizes the inheritance of multiple, phenotypic traits. The stability and evolution of this matrix are important issues because they affect our ability to predict how the phenotypic traits evolve by selection and drift. Despite the centrality of these issues, comparative, experimental, and analytical approaches to understanding the stability and evolution of the G-matrix have met with limited success. Nevertheless, empirical studies often find that certain structural features of the matrix are remarkably constant, suggesting that persistent selection regimes or other factors promote stability. On the theoretical side, no one has been able to derive equations that would relate stability of the G-matrix to selection regimes, population size, migration, or to the details of genetic architecture. Recent simulation studies of evolving G-matrices offer solutions to some of these problems, as well as a deeper, synthetic understanding of both the G-matrix and adaptive radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan J Arnold
- Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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17
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Bacigalupe LD. Biological invasions and phenotypic evolution: a quantitative genetic perspective. Biol Invasions 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-008-9411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ambrosini R, Møller AP, Saino N. A quantitative measure of migratory connectivity. J Theor Biol 2008; 257:203-11. [PMID: 19108778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study of the extent of the connection between areas where populations of birds breed and areas where they winter has flourished in recent years mainly thanks to the development of new techniques, but also due to traditional ringing and recovery schemes, which allow tracking of individuals or populations linking wintering and breeding distributions. Currently, studies on migratory connectivity focus on retention of breeding population spatial structure on the non-breeding grounds and vice versa. Here we propose a method to quantify migratory connectivity based on Mantel correlation coefficients and to statistically test for deviations of the observed connectivity from a random mix of individuals. In addition, we propose a procedure, based on clustering algorithms, to identify whether observed connectivity depends on aggregation of individuals or on rigid transference of distribution patterns between areas. We applied this method to a large dataset of ringing recoveries of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica L) migrating from their Western Palearctic breeding areas to sub-Saharan winter quarters. We show that migration of barn swallow populations connects specific breeding and wintering areas, and that the "sub-populations" quantitatively identified by our method are consistent with qualitative patterns of migratory connectivity identified by studies of individual geographical populations based on other methods. Finally, we tested the performance of the method by running simulations under different scenarios. Such simulations showed that the method is robust and able to correctly detect migratory connectivity even with smaller datasets and when a strong geographical pattern is not present in the population. Our method provides a quantitative measure of migratory connectivity and allows for the identification of populations showing high connectivity between the breeding and wintering areas. This method is suitable for a generalized application to diverse animal taxa as well as to large scale analyses of connectivity for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Italy.
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Postma E, Visser J, Van Noordwijk AJ. Strong artificial selection in the wild results in predicted small evolutionary change. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:1823-32. [PMID: 17714300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of genetic variation and selection allow for quantitative predictions of evolutionary change, at least in controlled laboratory experiments. Natural populations are, however, different in many ways, and natural selection on heritable traits does not always result in phenotypic change. To test whether we were able to predict the evolutionary dynamics of a complex trait measured in a natural, heterogeneous environment, we performed, over an 8-year period, a two-way selection experiment on clutch size in a subdivided island population of great tits (Parus major). Despite strong artificial selection, there was no clear evidence for evolutionary change at the phenotypic level. Environmentally induced differences in clutch size among years are, however, large and can mask evolutionary changes. Indeed, genetic changes in clutch size, inferred from a statistical model, did not deviate systematically from those predicted. Although this shows that estimates of genetic variation and selection can indeed provide quantitative predictions of evolutionary change, also in the wild, it also emphasizes that demonstrating evolution in wild populations is difficult, and that the interpretation of phenotypic trends requires great care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Postma
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Heteren, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Quantitative genetics is at or is fast approaching its centennial. In this perspective I consider five current issues pertinent to the application of quantitative genetics to evolutionary theory. First, I discuss the utility of a quantitative genetic perspective in describing genetic variation at two very different levels of resolution, (1) in natural, free-ranging populations and (2) to describe variation at the level of DNA transcription. Whereas quantitative genetics can serve as a very useful descriptor of genetic variation, its greater usefulness is in predicting evolutionary change, particularly when used in the first instance (wild populations). Second, I review the contributions of Quantitative trait loci (QLT) analysis in determining the number of loci and distribution of their genetic effects, the possible importance of identifying specific genes, and the ability of the multivariate breeder's equation to predict the results of bivariate selection experiments. QLT analyses appear to indicate that genetic effects are skewed, that at least 20 loci are generally involved, with an unknown number of alleles, and that a few loci have major effects. However, epistatic effects are common, which means that such loci might not have population-wide major effects: this question waits upon (QTL) analyses conducted on more than a few inbred lines. Third, I examine the importance of research into the action of specific genes on traits. Although great progress has been made in identifying specific genes contributing to trait variation, the high level of gene interactions underlying quantitative traits makes it unlikely that in the near future we will have mechanistic models for such traits, or that these would have greater predictive power than quantitative genetic models. In the fourth section I present evidence that the results of bivariate selection experiments when selection is antagonistic to the genetic covariance are frequently not well predicted by the multivariate breeder's equation. Bivariate experiments that combine both selection and functional analyses are urgently needed. Finally, I discuss the importance of gaining more insight, both theoretical and empirical, on the evolution of the G and P matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Roff
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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21
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Hadfield JD, Nutall A, Osorio D, Owens IPF. Testing the phenotypic gambit: phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations of colour. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:549-57. [PMID: 17305821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary theory is primarily concerned with genetic processes, yet empirical testing of this theory often involves data collected on phenotypes. To make this tenable, the implicit assumption is often made that phenotypic patterns are good predictors of genetic patterns; an assumption that coined the phenotypic gambit. Although this assumption has been validated for traits with high heritability, such as morphology, its generality for traits with low heritabilities, such as life-history and behavioural traits, remains controversial. Using a large-scale cross-fostering experiment, we were able to measure genetic, common environmental and phenotypic correlations between four colour traits and two skeletal traits in a wild population of passerine birds, the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). Colour traits had little heritable variation but common environment effects were found to be important; skeletal traits showed the opposite pattern. Positive correlations because of a shared natal environment were found between all traits, obscuring negative genetic correlations between some colour and skeletal traits. Consequently, phenotypic patterns were poor surrogates for genetic patterns and we suggest that this may be common if trade-offs or substantial parental effects exist. For this group of traits, the phenotypic gambit cannot be made and we suggest caution when inferring genetic patterns from phenotypic data, especially for behavioural and life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hadfield
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, UK.
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Møller AP, Chabi Y, Cuervo JJ, Lope F, Kilpimaa J, Kose M, Matyjasiak P, Pap PL, Saino N, Sakraoui R, Schifferli L, Hirschheydt J. AN ANALYSIS OF CONTINENT-WIDE PATTERNS OF SEXUAL SELECTION IN A PASSERINE BIRD. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Møller AP, Chabi Y, Cuervo JJ, de Lope F, Kilpimaa J, Kose M, Matyjasiak P, Pap PL, Saino N, Sakraoui R, Schifferli L, von Hirschheydt J. AN ANALYSIS OF CONTINENT-WIDE PATTERNS OF SEXUAL SELECTION IN A PASSERINE BIRD. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/05-665.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Charmantier A, Garant D. Environmental quality and evolutionary potential: lessons from wild populations. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:1415-25. [PMID: 16011915 PMCID: PMC1559820 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential requirement to determine a population's potential for evolutionary change is to quantify the amount of genetic variability expressed for traits under selection. Early investigations in laboratory conditions showed that the magnitude of the genetic and environmental components of phenotypic variation can change with environmental conditions. However, there is no consensus as to how the expression of genetic variation is sensitive to different environmental conditions. Recently, the study of quantitative genetics in the wild has been revitalized by new pedigree analyses based on restricted maximum likelihood, resulting in a number of studies investigating these questions in wild populations. Experimental manipulation of environmental quality in the wild, as well as the use of naturally occurring favourable or stressful environments, has broadened the treatment of different taxa and traits. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis on recent studies comparing heritability in favourable versus unfavourable conditions in non-domestic and non-laboratory animals. The results provide evidence for increased heritability in more favourable conditions, significantly so for morphometric traits but not for traits more closely related to fitness. We discuss how these results are explained by underlying changes in variance components, and how they represent a major step in our understanding of evolutionary processes in wild populations. We also show how these trends contrast with the prevailing view resulting mainly from laboratory experiments on Drosophila. Finally, we underline the importance of taking into account the environmental variation in models predicting quantitative trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Charmantier
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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Sadowska ET, Labocha MK, Baliga K, Stanisz A, Wróblewska AK, Jagusiak W, Koteja P. GENETIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BASAL AND MAXIMUM METABOLIC RATES IN A WILD RODENT: CONSEQUENCES FOR EVOLUTION OF ENDOTHERMY. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sadowska ET, Labocha MK, Baliga K, Stanisz A, Wróblewska AK, Jagusiak W, Koteja P. GENETIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BASAL AND MAXIMUM METABOLIC RATES IN A WILD RODENT: CONSEQUENCES FOR EVOLUTION OF ENDOTHERMY. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/04-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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