1
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Adeva-Andany MM, Domínguez-Montero A, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, González-Lucán M. Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e160823219824. [PMID: 37587805 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230816111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Lucán
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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2
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Sawada D, Kato H, Kaneko H, Kinoshita D, Funayama S, Minamizuka T, Takasaki A, Igarashi K, Koshizaka M, Takada-Watanabe A, Nakamura R, Aono K, Yamaguchi A, Teramoto N, Maeda Y, Ohno T, Hayashi A, Ide K, Ide S, Shoji M, Kitamoto T, Endo Y, Ogata H, Kubota Y, Mitsukawa N, Iwama A, Ouchi Y, Takayama N, Eto K, Fujii K, Takatani T, Shiohama T, Hamada H, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Senescence-associated inflammation and inhibition of adipogenesis in subcutaneous fat in Werner syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9948-9964. [PMID: 37793000 PMCID: PMC10599740 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a hereditary premature aging disorder characterized by visceral fat accumulation and subcutaneous lipoatrophy, resulting in severe insulin resistance. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we show that senescence-associated inflammation and suppressed adipogenesis play a role in subcutaneous adipose tissue reduction and dysfunction in WS. Clinical data from four Japanese patients with WS revealed significant associations between the decrease of areas of subcutaneous fat and increased insulin resistance measured by the glucose clamp. Adipose-derived stem cells from the stromal vascular fraction derived from WS subcutaneous adipose tissues (WSVF) showed early replicative senescence and a significant increase in the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers. Additionally, adipogenesis and insulin signaling were suppressed in WSVF, and the expression of adipogenesis suppressor genes and SASP-related genes was increased. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), alleviated premature cellular senescence, rescued the decrease in insulin signaling, and extended the lifespan of WS model of C. elegans. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the critical role of cellular senescence in subcutaneous lipoatrophy and severe insulin resistance in WS, highlighting the therapeutic potential of rapamycin for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sawada
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Funayama
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Minamizuka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsushi Igarashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rito Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Aono
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayano Yamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Teramoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukari Maeda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kana Ide
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ide
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, And Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, And Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, And Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, International University of Welfare and Health School of Medicine, Narita, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Kato H, Maezawa Y, Takayama N, Ouchi Y, Kaneko H, Kinoshita D, Takada-Watanabe A, Oshima M, Koshizaka M, Ogata H, Kubota Y, Mitsukawa N, Eto K, Iwama A, Yokote K. Fibroblasts from different body parts exhibit distinct phenotypes in adult progeria Werner syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4946-4961. [PMID: 33627520 PMCID: PMC7950285 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is characterized by accelerated aging symptoms from a young age. Patients with WS experience painful intractable skin ulcers with calcifications in their extremities, subcutaneous lipoatrophy, and sarcopenia. However, there is no significant abnormality in the trunk skin, where the subcutaneous fat relatively accumulates. The cause of such differences between the limbs and trunk is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanism behind these phenomena, we established and analyzed dermal fibroblasts from the foot and trunk of two WS patients. As a result, WS foot-derived fibroblasts showed decreased proliferative potential compared to that from the trunk, which correlated with the telomere shortening. Transcriptome analysis showed increased expression of genes involved in osteogenesis in the foot fibroblasts, while adipogenic and chondrogenic genes were downregulated in comparison with the trunk. Consistent with these findings, the adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity was significantly decreased in the foot fibroblasts in vitro. On the other hand, the osteogenic potential was mutually maintained and comparable in the foot and trunk fibroblasts. These distinct phenotypes in the foot and trunk fibroblasts are consistent with the clinical symptoms of WS and may partially explain the underlying mechanism of this disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiyori Kaneko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi-Shi, Chiba 289-2511, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ogata
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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4
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Tsukamoto K, Takemoto M, Kubota Y, Taniguchi T, Motegi SI, Taniguchi A, Nakagami H, Maezawa Y, Koshizaka M, Kato H, Mori S, Kuzuya M, Yokote K. Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020 1. Dyslipidemia and fatty liver associated with Werner syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:133-138. [PMID: 33258561 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of examining the characteristics of dyslipidemia and fatty liver in patients with Werner syndrome in Japan in recent years, we searched all case reports of Japanese Werner syndrome reported on Medical Online and PubMed since 1996, and collected and examined the data and clinical features described in these reports. In addition, as there are few descriptions of treatment methods in these reports from Medical Online and PubMed, we analyzed 12 cases for which detailed data on treatment methods are available at Chiba University. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 133-138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seijiro Mori
- Center for the Promotion of Clinical Investigation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Yamaga M, Takemoto M, Shoji M, Sakamoto K, Yamamoto M, Ishikawa T, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Yokote K. Werner syndrome: a model for sarcopenia due to accelerated aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1738-1744. [PMID: 28738022 PMCID: PMC5559172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare inheritable progeroid syndrome caused by a mutation in the WRN gene. Although WS has been described as a characteristic appearance of very slender extremities with a stocky trunk, few studies have investigated the loss of muscle mass, fat mass distribution (body composition), and mobility according to age and sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to precisely describe the body composition in WS. Nine Japanese patients with WS (four males and five females; mean age 48±8.8 years) were recruited. Body composition was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography (CT). The hand grip strength and mobility were evaluated using the two-step test, stand-up test and 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS). The mean skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 4.0±0.6 kg/m2. SMI of all patients met the criteria of sarcopenia, even though some patients were aged < 40 years. All patients also showed deceased mobility. In conclusion, these results indicate that all patients with WS, even those aged < 40 years, had already lost muscle mass to the level of sarcopenia. Continued research on sarcopenia in WS might facilitate the discovery of novel mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Asahi General Hospital, 1326 I, Chiba, 289-2511, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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6
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Aumailley L, Dubois MJ, Brennan TA, Garand C, Paquet ER, Pignolo RJ, Marette A, Lebel M. Serum vitamin C levels modulate the lifespan and endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways in mice synthesizing a nonfunctional mutant WRN protein. FASEB J 2018; 32:3623-3640. [PMID: 29452565 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-family DNA helicase (WRN). Mice lacking part of the helicase domain of the WRN ortholog exhibit several phenotypic features of WS. In this study, we generated a Wrn mutant line that, like humans, relies entirely on dietary sources of vitamin C (ascorbate) to survive, by crossing them to mice that lack the gulonolactone oxidase enzyme required for ascorbate synthesis. In the presence of 0.01% ascorbate (w/v) in drinking water, double-mutant mice exhibited a severe reduction in lifespan, small size, sterility, osteopenia, and metabolic profiles different from wild-type (WT) mice. Although increasing the dose of ascorbate to 0.4% improved dramatically the phenotypes of double-mutant mice, the metabolic and cytokine profiles were different from age-matched WT mice. Finally, double-mutant mice treated with 0.01% ascorbate revealed a permanent activation of all the 3 branches of the ER stress response pathways due to a severe chronic oxidative stress in the ER compartment. In addition, markers associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent ER-associated degradation pathway were increased. Augmenting the dose of ascorbate reversed the activation of this pathway to WT levels rendering this pathway a potential therapeutic target in WS.-Aumailley, L., Dubois, M. J., Brennan, T. A., Garand, C., Paquet, E. R., Pignolo, R. J., Marette, A., Lebel, M. Serum vitamin C levels modulate the lifespan and endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways in mice synthesizing a nonfunctional mutant WRN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracy A Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric R Paquet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - André Marette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Nishioka M, Kamei S, Kinoshita T, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Irie S, Hirata Y, Tanabe A, Hirukawa H, Kimura T, Obata A, Tatsumi F, Kohara K, Shimoda M, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Werner Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus Accompanied by Adrenal Cortex Cancer. Intern Med 2017; 56:1987-1992. [PMID: 28768969 PMCID: PMC5577075 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by progeria, diabetes mellitus, cataracts and various types of malignancy. However, there are few reports showing adrenal cortex cancer in subjects with Werner syndrome. We herein report an extremely rare case of Werner syndrome accompanied by adrenal cortex cancer. Based on the data obtained from blood samples, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and 131I adosterol scintigraphy, we diagnosed this subject with adrenal cortex cancer and Cushing's syndrome. Since the prognosis of adrenal cancer is very poor, we should be aware of the possibility of adrenal cancer occurring in subjects with Werner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Nishioka
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shintaro Irie
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Yurie Hirata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tatsumi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Japan
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SNEV hPrp19/hPso4 Regulates Adipogenesis of Human Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 8:21-29. [PMID: 28041875 PMCID: PMC5233435 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This may be due to reduced differentiation capacity or deficiency in DNA damage repair (DDR) factors. Here we investigated the role of SNEVhPrp19/hPso4, which was implicated in DDR and senescence evasion, in adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells (hASCs). We showed that SNEV is induced during adipogenesis and localized both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of SNEV perturbed adipogenic differentiation and led to accumulation of DNA damage in hASCs upon oxidative stress. In addition, we demonstrated that SNEV is required for fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Consequently, we tested other DDR factors and found that WRN is also required for adipogenesis in both models. These results demonstrate that SNEV regulates adipogenesis in hASCs and indicate that DDR capacity in general might be a pre-requisite for this process. SNEV is required for adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal cells SNEV modulates pro- and anti-adipogenic signaling pathways SNEV regulates DNA repair capacity of human adipose stromal cells SNEV modulates organismal fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans
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West MD, Binette F, Larocca D, Chapman KB, Irving C, Sternberg H. The germline/soma dichotomy: implications for aging and degenerative disease. Regen Med 2016; 11:331-4. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2015-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human somatic cells are mortal due in large part to telomere shortening associated with cell division. Limited proliferative capacity may, in turn, limit response to injury and may play an important role in the etiology of age-related pathology. Pluripotent stem cells cultured in vitro appear to maintain long telomere length through relatively high levels of telomerase activity. We propose that the induced reversal of cell aging by transcriptional reprogramming, or alternatively, human embryonic stem cells engineered to escape immune surveillance, are effective platforms for the industrial-scale manufacture of young cells for the treatment of age-related pathologies. Such cell-based regenerative therapies will require newer manufacturing and delivery technologies to insure highly pure, identified and potent pluripotency-based therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D West
- BioTime, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hal Sternberg
- BioTime, Inc., 1010 Atlantic Ave., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
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10
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Ide S, Yamamoto M, Takemoto M, Fujimoto M, Ide K, Kobayashi K, Yokote K. Improved Glycemic Control and Vascular Function and Reduction of Abdominal Fat Accumulation with Liraglutide in a Case of Werner Syndrome with Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:687-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ide
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Masanori Fujimoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Kana Ide
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
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11
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Takemoto M, Yamaga M, Furuichi Y, Yokote K. Astaxanthin Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Werner Syndrome with Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:1271-3. [PMID: 26096415 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Shimamoto A, Yokote K, Tahara H. Werner Syndrome-specific induced pluripotent stem cells: recovery of telomere function by reprogramming. Front Genet 2015; 6:10. [PMID: 25688260 PMCID: PMC4310323 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare human autosomal recessive premature aging disorder characterized by early onset of aging-associated diseases, chromosomal instability, and cancer predisposition. The function of the DNA helicase encoded by WRN, the gene responsible for WS, has been studied extensively. WRN helicase is involved in the maintenance of chromosome integrity through DNA replication, repair, and recombination by interacting with a variety of proteins associated with DNA repair and telomere maintenance. The accelerated aging associated with WS is reportedly caused by telomere dysfunction, and the underlying mechanism of the disease is yet to be elucidated. Although it was reported that the life expectancy for patients with WS has improved over the last two decades, definitive therapy for these patients has not seen much development. Severe symptoms of the disease, such as leg ulcers, cause a significant decline in the quality of life in patients with WS. Therefore, the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the disease is of utmost importance. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be established by the introduction of several pluripotency genes, including Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-myc into differentiated cells. iPSCs have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types that constitute the human body, and possess infinite proliferative capacity. Recent studies have reported the generation of iPSCs from the cells of patients with WS, and they have concluded that reprogramming represses premature senescence phenotypes in these cells. In this review, we summarize the findings of WS patient-specific iPSCs (WS iPSCs) and focus on the roles of telomere and telomerase in the maintenance of these cells. Finally, we discuss the potential use of WS iPSCs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Donadille B, D'Anella P, Auclair M, Uhrhammer N, Sorel M, Grigorescu R, Ouzounian S, Cambonie G, Boulot P, Laforêt P, Carbonne B, Christin-Maitre S, Bignon YJ, Vigouroux C. Partial lipodystrophy with severe insulin resistance and adult progeria Werner syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:106. [PMID: 23849162 PMCID: PMC3720184 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminopathies, due to mutations in LMNA, encoding A type-lamins, can lead to premature ageing and/or lipodystrophic syndromes, showing that these diseases could have close physiopathological relationships. We show here that lipodystrophy and extreme insulin resistance can also reveal the adult progeria Werner syndrome linked to mutations in WRN, encoding a RecQ DNA helicase. Methods We analysed the clinical and biological features of two women, aged 32 and 36, referred for partial lipodystrophic syndrome which led to the molecular diagnosis of Werner syndrome. Cultured skin fibroblasts from one patient were studied. Results Two normal-weighted women presented with a partial lipodystrophic syndrome with hypertriglyceridemia and liver steatosis. One of them had also diabetes. Both patients showed a peculiar, striking lipodystrophic phenotype with subcutaneous lipoatrophy of the four limbs contrasting with truncal and abdominal fat accumulation. Their oral glucose tolerance tests showed extremely high levels of insulinemia, revealing major insulin resistance. Low serum levels of sex-hormone binding globulin and adiponectin suggested a post-receptor insulin signalling defect. Other clinical features included bilateral cataracts, greying hair and distal skin atrophy. We observed biallelic WRN null mutations in both women (p.Q748X homozygous, and compound heterozygous p.Q1257X/p.M1329fs). Their fertility was decreased, with preserved menstrual cycles and normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels ruling out premature ovarian failure. However undetectable anti-müllerian hormone and inhibin B indicated diminished follicular ovarian reserve. Insulin-resistance linked ovarian hyperandrogenism could also contribute to decreased fertility, and the two patients became pregnant after initiation of insulin-sensitizers (metformin). Both pregnancies were complicated by severe cervical incompetence, leading to the preterm birth of a healthy newborn in one case, but to a second trimester-abortion in the other. WRN-mutated fibroblasts showed oxidative stress, increased lamin B1 expression, nuclear dysmorphies and premature senescence. Conclusions We show here for the first time that partial lipodystrophy with severe insulin resistance can reveal WRN-linked premature aging syndrome. Increased expression of lamin B1 with altered lamina architecture observed in WRN-mutated fibroblasts could contribute to premature cellular senescence. Primary alterations in DNA replication and/or repair should be considered as possible causes of lipodystrophic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Donadille
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, F-75012, Paris, France
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14
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Laine A, Iyengar P, Pandita TK. The role of inflammatory pathways in cancer-associated cachexia and radiation resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:967-72. [PMID: 23788634 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammatory responses are key contributors to a multitude of chronic ailments, including cancer. Evidence indicates that disease progression in cancer is dependent on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host microenvironment. Most recently, the inflammatory response has been suggested to be critical, as both the tumor and microenvironment compartments produce cytokines that act on numerous target sites, where they foster a complex cascade of biologic outcomes. Patients with cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) suffer from a dramatic loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, ultimately precluding them from many forms of therapeutic intervention, including radiotherapy. The cytokines that have been linked to the promotion of the cachectic response may also participate in radiation resistance. The major changes at the cytokine level are, in part, due to transcriptional regulatory alterations possibly due to epigenetic modifications. Herein we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in CAC and examine the potential link between cachexia induction and radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Laine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 5801 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75235.
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15
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Bérubé J, Garand C, Lettre G, Lebel M. The non-synonymous polymorphism at position 114 of the WRN protein affects cholesterol efflux in vitro and correlates with cholesterol levels in vivo. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:533-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Onishi S, Takemoto M, Ishikawa T, Okabe E, Ishibashi R, He P, Kobayashi K, Fujimoto M, Kawamura H, Yokote K. Japanese diabetic patients with Werner syndrome exhibit high incidence of cancer. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49 Suppl 1:S259-60. [PMID: 22872450 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Takada-Watanabe A, Yokote K, Takemoto M, Fujimoto M, Irisuna H, Honjo S, Futami K, Furuichi Y, Saito Y. A case of Werner syndrome without metabolic abnormality: Implications for the early pathophysiology. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 12:140-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2011.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Okano H, Isono Y, Tanaka H, Ishihara Y, Matsusaki S, Aoki M, Sase T, Saitou T, Mukai K, Nishimura A, Takemoto M, Yokote K. Primary liver tumor associated with Werner syndrome (adult progeria). Hepatol Res 2011; 41:1260-5. [PMID: 22118305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with characteristic aging of the face and thin body. Before admission, she had been treated for diabetes mellitus type 2 and had undergone amputation of the right leg due to ischemic disease. Abdominal computed tomography revealed primary liver tumor. Biopsy of the liver mass revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, not hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic sequencing indicated a homozygous mutation in the Werner syndrome gene (WRN) and she was diagnosed with Werner syndrome with primary liver tumor. She declined medications for the liver tumor and eventually died 6 months after diagnosis. Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with premature aging, and most cases of Werner syndrome have been reported from Japan. The main causes of death with Werner syndrome are malignancy and atherosclerotic vascular disease. With respect to malignancy, non-epithelial tumors are more common in Werner syndrome patients than in the general population. Some cases also show complications of epithelial tumors, as in the present case. When a liver tumor of unknown etiology is accompanied by characteristic aging of the face, Werner syndrome should be suspected and a comprehensive search for other tumors and complications of metabolic disorders undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzuka General Hospital, Yasuduka-cho, Suzuka, Mie Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Yokote K. [Dyslipidemia]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2011; 48:250-252. [PMID: 21778646 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.48.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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20
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Massip L, Garand C, Paquet ER, Cogger VC, O'Reilly JN, Tworek L, Hatherell A, Taylor CG, Thorin E, Zahradka P, Le Couteur DG, Lebel M. Vitamin C restores healthy aging in a mouse model for Werner syndrome. FASEB J 2009; 24:158-72. [PMID: 19741171 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-137133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-like DNA helicase. Mice lacking the helicase domain of the WRN homologue exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including a prooxidant status and a shorter mean life span compared to wild-type animals. Here, we show that Wrn mutant mice also develop premature liver sinusoidal endothelial defenestration along with inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin C supplementation rescued the shorter mean life span of Wrn mutant mice and reversed several age-related abnormalities in adipose tissues and liver endothelial defenestration, genomic integrity, and inflammatory status. At the molecular level, phosphorylation of age-related stress markers like Akt kinase-specific substrates and the transcription factor NF-kappaB, as well as protein kinase Cdelta and Hif-1alpha transcription factor levels, which are increased in the liver of Wrn mutants, were normalized by vitamin C. Vitamin C also increased the transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism PPARalpha. Finally, microarray and gene set enrichment analyses on liver tissues revealed that vitamin C decreased genes normally up-regulated in human WS fibroblasts and cancers, and it increased genes involved in tissue injury response and adipocyte dedifferentiation in obese mice. Vitamin C did not have such effect on wild-type mice. These results indicate that vitamin C supplementation could be beneficial for patients with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Massip
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9 McMahon St., Québec, Québec, Canada
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Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in Wrn null mice fed a diabetogenic diet. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:201-6. [PMID: 18295300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in the Werner (Wrn) gene. WS patients have increased incidence of a number of chronic conditions including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Since ingestion of foods that are high in fat and sugar is associated with increased incidence of diabetes, we examined if Wrn mutations might affect metabolic response to a diabetogenic diet. Four-month-old mice with a null mutation for the Wrn gene were fed a diet consisting of 36% fat (lard), 33% table sugar, and 20% protein plus balanced vitamins and minerals. Wrn null mice had significantly increased body weights, increased serum insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance during 4 months of eating the diabetogenic diet. Diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreatic islet hyperplasia was characteristic morphological features. These observations suggest that Wrn null mice have impaired glucose homeostasis and fat metabolism, and may be a useful model to investigate metabolic conditions associated with aging.
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Yokote K, Honjo S, Kobayashi K, Fujimoto M, Kawamura H, Mori S, Saito Y. Metabolic improvement and abdominal fat redistribution in Werner syndrome by pioglitazone. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52:1582-3. [PMID: 15341572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52430_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yokote K, Hara K, Mori S, Kadowaki T, Saito Y, Goto M. Dysadipocytokinemia in werner syndrome and its recovery by treatment with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2562-3. [PMID: 15451939 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.10.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kawamura H, Tsuchida H, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Fujimoto M, Asaumi S, Yokote K, Mori S, Saito Y. [A report of a case with Werner's syndrome suffering from end-stage renal failure]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2003; 40:282-6. [PMID: 12822481 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.40.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man was found to have hypertension at age 32, and a diagnosis of Werner's Syndrome was made at age 36 when he was examined for hyperlipidemia. Diabetes mellitus was found at age 42. Proteinuria appeared at age 49, and microscopic hematuria was seen at age 50. At age 51, serum creatinin level began to rise and atrophy of bilateral kidneys was observed by abdominal CT. There after, the renal function gradually worsened. At age 53, the serum creatinin level rose to 8.3 mg/dl, and systemic edema as well as loss of appetite appeared, resulting in the initiation of hemodialysis. In Werner's syndrome, though arteriosclerosis arises frequently, case reports with chronic renal failure are extremely rare. To investigate the cause of the renal dysfunction, renal biopsy was performed and the samples were histologically examined, revealing the presence of hypertensive glomerular changes. It is, thus, conceivable that hypertension had played a major role in the progression of renal failure in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukiyo Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University
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