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Wang X, Kishman EE, Liu J, Castleberry LA, McLain A, Sparks JR, Cook JW. Body weight and fat trajectories of Black and White women in the first postpartum year. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1655-1665. [PMID: 37169733 PMCID: PMC10198894 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine changes in body weight and fat in Black and White women during the first postpartum year and to determine whether there is preferential retention of fat mass and abdominal fat. METHODS Body composition was quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in Black (n = 49) and White (n = 85) women at 6 to 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery of a singleton infant. RESULTS Weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat in the trunk, android, gynoid, and limb regions decreased from 6 to 8 weeks to 12 months in White women, but not in Black women (fat mass, adjusted mean [SE]: 29.6 [1.3] to 26.9 [1.3] kg in White women and 34.5 [1.5] to 36.8 [1.8] kg in Black women). In the entire sample, fat mass was higher at 6 months than at 6 to 8 weeks, independent of weight change; visceral fat was higher at 12 months (686 [45] g) than at 6 to 8 weeks (611 [42] g) and 6 months (626 [43] g); and android fat was higher at 12 months than at 6 months, independent of fat change. CONCLUSIONS Black women were less likely than White women to lose weight and fat in the postpartum period. There was preferential retention of fat in the abdominal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Erin E. Kishman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Lauren A. Castleberry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lexington Medical Center, West Columbia, SC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
| | - Alexander McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Joshua R. Sparks
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women’s Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - James W. Cook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC
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Rinaldo N, Toselli S, Gualdi-Russo E, Khyatti M, Gihbid A, Zaccagni L. Anthropometric Assessment of General and Central Obesity in Urban Moroccan Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116819. [PMID: 35682400 PMCID: PMC9180076 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, North African countries have faced the nutrition transition, leading to an increase in obesity, exacerbated by an extremely low rate of physical activity (PA). Particular attention must be paid to abdominal obesity (one of the metabolic syndrome criteria), which has been linked to several health problems. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in a sample of urban Moroccan women and to analyze the anthropometric indicators of metabolic syndrome risk among subsamples with different PA and socio-demographic characteristics. Urban Moroccan women living in Casablanca (n = 304; mean age 37.4 ± 15.6 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data concerning socio-demographic variables, PA behavior, and anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences) were directly collected. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and relative fat mass were computed. Comparisons between women with different socio-demographic characteristics were performed through ANCOVA adjusted for age. The results reveal that 39.4% of the women did not practice any PA. The percentage of women above the cutoffs of risk for general and central obesity was more than half for all the indexes, except for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and 19.6% were at a very high risk of health issues. Moreover, being female unmarried, childless, graduates, and students were found to be protective against obesity. In conclusion, Moroccan women have a high level of obesity, especially abdominal, and preventive interventions are needed to reduce the health impact of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Meriem Khyatti
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Amina Gihbid
- Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (M.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.R.); (L.Z.)
- Center for Exercise Science and Sports, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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Ultrasound estimated subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue thicknesses and risk of pre-eclampsia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22740. [PMID: 34815471 PMCID: PMC8611080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification of high-risk pregnancies enables identification of those who would benefit from aspirin prophylaxis and increased surveillance for pre-eclampsia. A high body mass index (BMI) is a well-known predictor for pre-eclampsia. However, if abdominal adipose tissue distribution is associated with pre-eclampsia is limited investigated. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness were measured by ultrasound on 3777 women at around 18 gestational weeks. SAT thickness was measured from the skin to linea alba and VAT from linea alba to the anterior aortic wall. The risk of developing pre-eclampsia (de novo hypertension at ≥ 20 gestational weeks in combination with proteinuria) was evaluated by logistic regression and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The risk of pre-eclampsia increased by 79% for every cm in SAT thickness (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.48–2.17) and by 23% for every cm VAT thickness (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11–1.35). After adjustment for maternal age, parity, BMI, smoking and country of birth, the association between SAT thickness and pre-eclampsia remained (AOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02–1.79). Greater SAT thickness measured with second trimester ultrasound is associated with increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia. The measurement may improve prediction models for pre-eclampsia.
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Teixeira A, Gabriel R, Martinho J, Pinto G, Quaresma L, Faria A, Oliveira I, Moreira H. Connectedness to Nature Does Not Explain the Variation in Physical Activity and Body Composition in Adults and Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11951. [PMID: 34831707 PMCID: PMC8619523 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Connectedness to nature (CN) is a significant predictor of pro-environmental behaviours, human health and well-being. However, research on how this connection to the natural world might promote a more active lifestyle and improve body mass composition according to gender is lacking. This study investigated the influence of CN on physical activity (PA) and body composition in adults and older people. We recruited a sample of 219 individuals (77 men and 142 women), and a self-administered questionnaire was used to measure CN and obtain demographic data. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance, and PA was assessed by accelerometry. Correlations and stepwise multiple regressions were used in data analysis. CN's association with other variables was more pronounced in women than in men, and we only identified significant associations with steps/day and body composition. However, this variable would not be included in the regression models that we developed. Adiposity levels and muscle status were significant predictors of PA in women. In both genders, age, percentage of fat mass and fat-free mass were selected as regressors in the models developed for visceral fat area and muscle condition (R2 Adjusted ≥ 0.908).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Teixeira
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Gabriel
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Martinho
- Geosciences Centre (CGeo), Department of Geology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Graça Pinto
- Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Luís Quaresma
- Department of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Aurélio Faria
- Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Science, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Irene Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Mathematics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics, CEMAT-IST-UL, University of Lisbon, 1600-214 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Shi M, Zhou X, Zheng C, Pan Y. The association between parity and metabolic syndrome and its components in normal-weight postmenopausal women in China. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33413314 PMCID: PMC7792174 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies analyzing the association between parity and normal-weight metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women of normal weight remain limited, this study aimed to explore the association between parity and MetS among Chinese normal-weight postmenopausal women. METHODS In total, 776 normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for a routine health check-up between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included in the cross-sectional study. All individuals had fully completed information records encompassing standardized electronic medical records, physical examinations, and biochemical measurements. Metabolic health was defined as fewer than 2 parameters of the MetS were present, in combination with normal weight. Continuous variables which were normally distributed were expressed as means and standard deviation. Comparisons among normally distributed continuous variables were made using one-way ANOVA while that among non-normal distribution parameters were made using Kruskal-Wallis. The association between parity and MetS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. All of the analyses were performed with SPSS statistical software (Version 23.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and the statistical software package EmpowerStats ( http://www.empowerstats.com , X&Y Solutions, Inc., Boston, MA). RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors including hip circumference, parity was failed to show a significantly relationship with MetS in normal-weight women(P=0.054). Women with a higher parity (≥3) had an increased OR of abdominal obesity, while the OR (95% CI) of the parity 3 group was 2.06 (1.13, 3.77) and that of the parity ≥4 group was 3.08(1.42, 6.66) the P for trend was 0.002 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. No significant differences were detected for other metabolic disorders including high levels of triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in different parity groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher parity was not associated with a higher risk of MetS in normal weight Chinese postmenopausal women. As for the components of MetS, only waist circumference was associated with multiparity even after controlling for hip circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengte Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xinhe Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youjin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Socio-economic and reproductive concomitants of abdominal adiposity and hypertension: A study on Bengali-speaking Hindu women of Habra, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension have become a global epidemic among the women, especially as they experience additional stressful events compared to men. The epidemiology of these two metabolic disorders is regulated by various biological, socio-economic, reproductive and lifestyle factors related to women. However, inconsistency in the nature and magnitude of the effects of these traits indicates exploring the areas where little emphasis has been given. In this context, the present study attempted to determine the effect of socio-economic and reproductive traits on hypertension and abdominal adiposity among women living in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Data on socio-demographic and reproductive traits were collected from 319 adult women from both rural and urban sectors of Habra block I. Anthropometric measurements and Blood pressure levels were measured following standard protocols. Results highlighted that the prevalence of obese individuals and hypertensive individuals were 73.4 and 50.5 per cent respectively. Women with low income (OR=0.51) were at lower risk and post-menopausal women (OR=1.71) were at higher risk of developing abdominal adiposity. The risk of developing hypertension increased with higher educational attainment (OR=2.43). Post-menopausal women (OR=0.46) and shifting workers (OR=0.40) were at lower risk of developing hypertension. The risk also decreased with increased age (OR=0.96). Present study revealed that menopause is a significant event to predict abdominal adiposity and hypertension among Bengali-speaking Hindu women.
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Bridger Staatz C, Hardy R. Number of children and body composition in later life among men and women: Results from a British birth cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209529. [PMID: 31141503 PMCID: PMC6541250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although research has found associations between increasing number of children and higher body mass index (BMI), there has been limited research investigating the association with body composition despite abdominal fat being independently associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Most existing research has focussed on women, but investigating the relationship in men can help distinguish biological effects of pregnancy from social pathways related to parenthood. Methods Using the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) multiple regression models were applied to test associations between number of children and body composition at age 60–64 years (N = 2229) and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) at ages 60–64 and 69 years (N = 2149). Results In adjusted models, associations were observed between increasing numbers of children and increasing fat-adjusted lean mass index in women (p = 0.06). Among men, those with children had 0.59kg (95% CI: 0.15 to 1.02) greater lean mass index than those without and fat:lean mass ratio was greater in those with 4+ children because of their slightly higher mean fat mass. Weak evidence of a higher android:gynoid mass ratio among mothers (0.03, 95% CI: 0.00,0.06, p = 0.1) was observed with no associations with fat mass index,android or gynoid fat mass. Increasing parity in women was associated with increasing BMI at 60–64 years and, more strongly, with increasing BMI at 69 years. Associations among men were also observed more clearly with BMI at 69 years. Conclusion There was little evidence of a consistent association between number of children and body composition in early old age. The strongest associations are observed for lean, rather than fat mass, and in men rather than women, suggesting little evidence of biological effects of pregnancy. The results indicate social pathways associated with parenthood are the likely underlying mechanisms, with suggestion of selection into parenthood among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Bridger Staatz
- MRC Unit for Lifelong and Health Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Health and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong and Health Ageing at UCL, Department of Population Health and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chat V, Wu F, Demmer RT, Parvez F, Ahmed A, Eunus M, Hasan R, Nahar J, Shaheen I, Sarwar G, Desvarieux M, Ahsan H, Chen Y. Association between number of children and carotid intima-media thickness in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208148. [PMID: 30481229 PMCID: PMC6258552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between number of children and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were limited to Western populations. Pregnancy in women is associated with physiologic changes that may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. Comparing the association between number of children and cIMT in men and women can provide insights on whether the association may be due to pregnancy. We investigated the association between number of children and cIMT among 718 female (mean age 37.5 years) and 417 male participants (mean age 41.3 years), randomly selected from the Health Effect of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), a population-based cohort study in Bangladesh. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association and to control for education attainment, history of diabetes, age, smoking, betel use, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The average number of children was 4.43 for women and 3.74 for men. There were no nulliparous women. We observed a positive association between number of children and cIMT in women. Mean cIMT increased by 4.5 μm (95% CI, 0.8–8.1) per increment of one birth (P = 0.02). Compared to women with two children, cIMT in women with 4 children and ≥5 children was 23.6μm (95%CI, 2.6–44.7; P = 0.03) and 25.1 μm (95%CI, 3.5–46.6; P = 0.02) greater, respectively. The association was not modified by BMI, SBP, betel use or age. Data in men showed no evidence of association (P = 0.4). The finding suggests a role of high parity in atherosclerosis in women of a low-income, high parity population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vylyny Chat
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fen Wu
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Mahbub Eunus
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rabiul Hasan
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jabun Nahar
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Golam Sarwar
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moise Desvarieux
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- INSERM UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Epidemiologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cité (CRESS), METHODS Core, Paris France
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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França AP, Marucci MDFN, Silva MDLDND, Roediger MDA. [Factors associated with general obesity and the percentage of body fat of women during the menopause in the city of São Paulo, Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:3577-3586. [PMID: 30427431 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.26492016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To verify the association between obesity and demographic, clinical and lifestyle variables in climacteric women, a cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient clinics, with 469 women aged 40 to 65 years in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The dependent variables were: obesity according to body mass index (BMI) and obesity according to percentage of body fat (% BF). The main explanatory variable was: climacteric phase (pre or postmenopausal); and control variables were: age; years of formal study; parity; menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use; physical activity practice and smoking habit. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the Stata 9.2 software. According to the BMI, obesity was positively associated with parity (RR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11-2.37) and, negatively, with years of formal study (RP = 0.71, CI 95% = 0.55-0.91) and with physical activity practice (PR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.33-0.61). According to the % BF, obesity was positively associated with parity (PR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.03-2.49) and negatively with physical activity practice (PR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.29-0.63). While being active physically was protective, multiparity was a risk factor for developing obesity for women in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula França
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | - Maria de Fátima Nunes Marucci
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
| | | | - Manuela de Almeida Roediger
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brasil.
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Zhernakova YV, Zheleznova EA, Chazova IE, Oshchepkova EV, Dolgusheva YA, Yarovaya EB, Blinova NV, Orlovsky AA, Konosova ID, Shalnova SA, Rotar’ OP, Konradi AO, Shlyakhto EV, Boytsov SA. The prevalence of abdominal obesity and the association with socioeconomic status in Regions of the Russian Federation, the results of the epidemiological study - ESSE-RF. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018. [DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890104-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity (AO) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. The assessment of the disease prevalence and the study of socioeconomic status of people with this phenotype of obesity are necessary to develop effective mechanisms to combat this risk factor in the population. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of AO in the population and to assess the association with socioeconomic factors according to the data of the ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation). Materials and methods. The object of the study is a random population sample of men and women aged 25-64 years from 13 regions of the Russian Federation (n=21 817). Abdominal obesity in men was defined as waist circumference (WC) >94 cm, and in women - WC >80 cm. Body mass index (BMI) >30.0 kg/m2 was adopted as the criterion of common obesity. Results and discussion. The prevalence of AO in Russia was 55% (61.8% in women and 44% in men), while the percent of people with obesity, defined by BMI was significantly lower (33.4%). The number of examined patients with AO increased with age among both men and women (p
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Skajaa GØ, Fuglsang J, Kampmann U, Ovesen PG. Parity Increases Insulin Requirements in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2302-2308. [PMID: 29584894 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tight glycemic control throughout pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes is crucial, and knowledge about which factors that affect insulin sensitivity could improve the outcome for both mother and offspring. OBJECTIVE To evaluate insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and test whether parity affects insulin requirements. DESIGN Observational cohort study consisting of women with type 1 diabetes who gave birth at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from 2004 to 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Daily insulin requirement (the hypothesis that parity could affect insulin resistance was formulated before data collection). RESULTS A total of 380 women with a total of 536 pregnancies were included in the study. Mean age was 31.1 years, and prepregnancy hemoglobin A1c was 60 mmol/mol. Parity was as follows: P0, 43%; P1, 40%; P2, 14%; and P3+4, 3%. Insulin requirements from weeks 11 to 16 decreased significantly by 4% (P = 0.0004) and rose from week 19 to delivery with a peak of 70% (P < 0.0005) at weeks 33 to 36. Overall, insulin requirements increased significantly with parity. The unadjusted differences between P0 and P1, P2, and P3+4 were 9% (P < 0.0005), 12% (P < 0.0005), and 23% (P < 0.0011), respectively. After adjustment for confounders, differences were 13% (P < 0.0005), 20% (P < 0.0005), and 36% (P < 0.0005). We also observed an adjusted difference between P1 and P3+4 of 20% (P < 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS The data show changes in insulin requirements from week to week in pregnancy and indicate that insulin requirements increase with parity. This suggests that the patient's parity probably should be considered in choosing insulin dosages for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Ø Skajaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Fuglsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per G Ovesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Parity and increased risk of insulin resistance in postmenopausal women: the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Menopause 2017; 24:832-837. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of postpartum weight retention on gestational weight gain in successive pregnancies require elucidation. The purpose of the study was (1) to examine the association between postpartum weight retention and subsequent adherence to the Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain guidelines and (2) to determine whether the association varies by body mass index status and affects birth outcomes. Florida vital records for 2005-2010 were analyzed using χ tests and multivariable Poisson regression, adjusted for interpregnancy interval, tobacco use, maternal age, and race/ethnicity. Obese women who gained inadequate weight were more likely to retain weight between pregnancies than obese women who met or exceeded the recommended weight gain. Risks for preterm birth increased among women with inadequate weight and decreased among women with excessive weight gain. Gaining excessive weight was protective for small-for-gestational age infants in all body mass index categories but increased the risks for large-for-gestational age infants. Underweight and normal weight women who gained in excess were 40% more likely to develop hypertension than normal weight women who gained within the recommended amount. Obese women who retain or gain weight postpartum are at increased risk for inadequate weight gain in a successive pregnancy. Achieving Institute of Medicine-recommended gestational weight gain is essential for preventing adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Tarca AL, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Transcriptome and Biological Pathways in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: Evidence for Pregnancy-Related Regional-Specific Differences in Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143779. [PMID: 26636677 PMCID: PMC4670118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Study Design The transcriptome of paired visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues from pregnant women at term and matched non-pregnant women (n = 11) was profiled with the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Differential expression of selected genes was validated with the use of quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Six hundred forty-four transcripts from 633 known genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1; fold-change >1.5), while 42 exons from 36 genes showed differential usage (difference in FIRMA scores >2 and FDR<0.1) between the visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women. Fifty-six known genes were differentially expressed between pregnant and non-pregnant subcutaneous fat and three genes in the visceral fat. Enriched biological processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women were mostly related to inflammation. Conclusion The transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots reveals pregnancy-related gene expression and splicing differences in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, for the first time, alternative splicing in adipose tissue has been associated with regional differences and human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
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Shen L, Wu J, Xu G, Song L, Yang S, Yuan J, Liang Y, Wang Y. Parity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-aged and Older Chinese Women. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16834. [PMID: 26607032 PMCID: PMC4660373 DOI: 10.1038/srep16834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy leads to physiological changes in lipid, glucose levels, and weight, which may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in later life. The purpose of this study was to examine whether parity is associated with CHD in middle-aged and older Chinese women. A total of 20,207 women aged 37 to 94 years from Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort who completed the questionnaire, were medically examined and provided blood samples, were included in our analysis. CHD cases were determined by self-report of physician diagnosis through face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between parity and CHD. The rate of CHD was 15.8%. Parity had a positive association with CHD without adjustment of covariates. After controlling for the potential confounders, increasing risk of coronary heart disease was observed in women who had two (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.93), three (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.44-2.16), and four or more live births (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.33-2.20) compared with women with just one live birth. High parity was significantly associated with increasing risk of CHD in Chinese women. This suggests that multiparity may be a risk factor for CHD among Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guiqiang Xu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siyi Yang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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16
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Yun KJ, Han K, Kim MK, Park YM, Baek KH, Song KH, Kil K, Kwon HS. Effect of maternal age at childbirth on insulin resistance: the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:824-30. [PMID: 25580745 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess insulin resistance according to maternal age at childbirth. PATIENTS AND METHODS The data used in this study were obtained from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This study included a total of 2233 nondiabetic female subjects ≥30 years of age that were subdivided into groups according to their obesity and abdominal obesity (AOB) statuses. The homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to quantify the insulin resistance according to age at first childbirth and last childbirth. RESULTS Age at first childbirth showed a negative relationship with HOMA-IR in both the nonobese and non-AOB groups, while age at last childbirth showed a positive relationship with HOMA-IR in both the nonobese and non-AOB groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ages at first and last childbirth were significantly associated with the highest HOMA-IR quartile. The odds ratio was 0·9 (95% confidence interval: 0·82-0·98) for age at first childbirth, and 1·07 (95% confidence interval: 1·01-1·14) for age at last childbirth in the nonobese and non-AOB groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study suggests that insulin resistance is increased in females who experienced their first childbirth at a younger age or their last childbirth at a later age, particularly in nonobese individuals. Because these data suggest that childbearing age could be an independent risk factor for diabetes, a high-quality prospective study assessing the relationship between childbearing age and insulin resistance should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Moon Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kicheol Kil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Sanghavi M, Kulinski J, Ayers CR, Nelson D, Stewart R, Parikh N, de Lemos JA, Khera A. Association between number of live births and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: The Dallas Heart Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:391-9. [PMID: 25691547 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315571891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Higher parity has been associated with increased maternal risk of cardiovascular disease, but the mechanism is not well delineated. Whether the number of live births is associated with coronary and aortic subclinical atherosclerosis has not been fully evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Women from the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic population-based cohort of subjects aged 30-65 years, were included if they had data on self-reported live births and coronary artery calcium (CAC) measured by computed tomography or aortic wall thickness (AWT) by MRI. Coronary artery calcium was positive if >10 Agatston units, and aortic wall thickness if greater than the 75(th) percentile reference point for age and gender. Among the 1644 women included in the study, the mean age was 45 years and 55% were Black. Sequential multivariable models were done adjusting for age, race, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, income, education, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, and physical activity. Using women with 2-3 live births as the reference, those with four or more live births had an increased prevalence of elevated coronary artery calcium (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-3.65) and aortic wall thickness (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04-2.41). Women with 0-1 live births also had increased coronary artery calcium (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.16-3.03) and aortic wall thickness (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.05-2.09) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION The number of live births is associated with subclinical coronary and aortic atherosclerosis, with an apparent U-shaped relationship. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and explore the biological underpinnings of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sanghavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Nisha Parikh
- Cardiovascular Division, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - James A de Lemos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Amit Khera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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18
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Traissac P, Pradeilles R, El Ati J, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Eymard-Duvernay S, Gartner A, Béji C, Bougatef S, Martin-Prével Y, Kolsteren P, Delpeuch F, Ben Romdhane H, Maire B. Abdominal vs. overall obesity among women in a nutrition transition context: geographic and socio-economic patterns of abdominal-only obesity in Tunisia. Popul Health Metr 2015; 13:1. [PMID: 25745363 PMCID: PMC4350904 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-015-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most assessments of the burden of obesity in nutrition transition contexts rely on body mass index (BMI) only, even though abdominal adiposity might be specifically predictive of adverse health outcomes. In Tunisia, a typical country of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where the burden of obesity is especially high among women, we compared female abdominal vs. overall obesity and its geographic and socio-economic cofactors, both at population and within-subject levels. Methods The cross-sectional study used a stratified, three-level, clustered sample of 35- to 70-year-old women (n = 2,964). Overall obesity was BMI = weight/height2 ≥ 30 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity waist circumference ≥ 88 cm. We quantified the burden of obesity for overall and abdominal obesity separately and their association with place of residence (urban/rural, the seven regions that compose Tunisia), plus physiological and socio-economic cofactors by logistic regression. We studied the within-subject concordance of the two obesities and estimated the prevalence of subject-level “abdominal-only” obesity (AO) and “overall-only” obesity (OO) and assessed relationships with the cofactors by multinomial logistic regression. Results Abdominal obesity was much more prevalent (60.4% [57.7-63.0]) than overall obesity (37.0% [34.5-39.6]), due to a high proportion of AO status (25.0% [22.8-27.1]), while the proportion of OO was small (1.6% [1.1-2.2]). We found mostly similar associations between abdominal and overall obesity and all the cofactors except that the regional variability of abdominal obesity was much larger than that of overall obesity. There were no adjusted associations of AO status with urban/rural area of residence (P = 0.21), education (P = 0.97) or household welfare level (P = 0.94) and only non-menopausal women (P = 0.093), lower parity women (P = 0.061) or worker/employees (P = 0.038) were somewhat less likely to be AO. However, there was a large residual adjusted regional variability of AO status (from 16.6% to 34.1%, adjusted P < 0.0001), possibly of genetic, epigenetic, or developmental origins. Conclusion Measures of abdominal adiposity need to be included in population-level appraisals of the burden of obesity, especially among women in the MENA region. The causes of the highly prevalent abdominal-only obesity status among women require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Traissac
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jalila El Ati
- INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia ; SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia ; INSP (National Institute of Public Health), 5-7 rue de Khartoum, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia ; Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, 15 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Gartner
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Chiraz Béji
- INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souha Bougatef
- INSP (National Institute of Public Health), 5-7 rue de Khartoum, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yves Martin-Prével
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- ITM (Institute of Tropical Medicine), 155 Nationalestraat, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francis Delpeuch
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, 11 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Ben Romdhane
- Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 15 rue Jebel Lakhdar, Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bernard Maire
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), NUTRIPASS Unit, IRD-UM-SupAgro, 911 av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France
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Kim C, Harlow SD, Kong S, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Ylitalo K, Nan B. Reproductive history and chronic hepatic steatosis in the Michigan Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 24:42-8. [PMID: 25548857 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive history, particularly maternal age at most recent birth, may reflect lower risk for chronic disease and mortality due to socioeconomic factors, lifestyle behaviors, or genetics. Reproductive history has not been examined with respect to hepatic steatosis, the most common liver disease in the United States. Our objective was to examine the association between reproductive history and hepatic steatosis. METHODS We examined the association between reproductive history characteristics--specifically age at most recent birth--and the odds of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis using a population-based retrospective cohort study of women who underwent hepatic ultrasound at the Michigan site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (n=331). RESULTS Women who gave birth at ≥ 35 years of age comprised 19% of the study population and were similar to other women regarding sociodemographic history and health behaviors. In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, chronic disease, and medications associated with hepatic steatosis, age at birth ≥ 35 years was associated with significantly decreased odds of hepatic steatosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-0.87), which was attenuated after adjustment for waist circumference (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.24-1.10). Other reproductive factors including gravidity, parity, miscarriages and abortions, recall of gestational weight gain, breastfeeding, age at first birth, and age at final menstrual period were not associated with hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Women who were older at their most recent birth had a reduced odds of hepatic steatosis, possibly associated with their lower waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Dutra LP, Cisneiros RM, Souza AS, Diniz CP, Moura LA, Figueiroa JN, Alves JGB. Longitudinal variance of visceral fat thickness in pregnant adolescents. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 54:91-3. [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P. Dutra
- Department of Nursery Education; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina; Petrolina Brazil
| | - Rosangela M. Cisneiros
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF); Petrolina Brazil
| | - Alex S. Souza
- Department of Fetal Medicine; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP); Recife Brazil
| | | | - Laísla A. Moura
- Department of Nursery Education; Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina; Petrolina Brazil
| | - Jose N. Figueiroa
- Department of Biostatistics; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP); Recife Brazil
| | - João G. B. Alves
- Department of Pediatrics; Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP); Recife Brazil
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Alavi N, Haley S, Chow K, McDonald SD. Comparison of national gestational weight gain guidelines and energy intake recommendations. Obes Rev 2013; 14:68-85. [PMID: 23107337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although data showing adverse effects with high and low gestational weight gain (GWG) come from a large number of countries, a variety of guidelines about the GWG exist. Our objectives were to compare existing GWG and energy recommendations across various countries, as well as the rationale or evidence on which they were based. We used the United Nations' Human Developmental Index to determine the ranking of the country to ensure broad sampling and then searched for guidelines. We first searched the national government websites, and if necessary searched Medline and EMBASE, Global Health databases, and bibliographies of published articles for both guidelines and the studies on which they were based. We found guidelines for 31% of the countries, and 59% of these had a GWG recommendation, 68% had an energy intake recommendation (EIR), and 36% had both. About half of the GWG guidelines are similar to the 2009 American Institutes of Medicine (IOM) and 73% of the EIRs are similar to the 2006 IOM. Despite the documented relationship between both high GWG and adverse outcomes for women and infants and low GWG and adverse outcomes in infants, there are a wide variety of guidelines for GWG and energy recommendations by different countries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Trikudanathan S, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Seely EW, Murabito JM, Fox CS. Association of female reproductive factors with body composition: the Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:236-44. [PMID: 23093491 PMCID: PMC3537091 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying reproductive risk factors in women offers a life course approach to obesity and cardiovascular disease prevention. The association of female reproductive factors with measures of regional body fat distribution has not been comprehensively studied. METHODS We examined the association of female reproductive factors (age at menarche, parity, age at natural menopause, menopausal status) in association with body composition data from women who participated in the Offspring and the Third Generation Framingham Heart Study cohorts. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were measured volumetrically by multidetector computerized tomography. We modeled the relationship between each fat depot and female reproductive factors after adjusting for various factors such as age, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity index, hormone replacement therapy, and menopausal status. RESULTS Earlier age at menarche was associated with increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), VAT, and SAT (P < 0.0001). This association of earlier menarche with adiposity measures was attenuated after adjusting for BMI (all P > 0.70). We observed no association between parity and all parameters of adiposity measurements (all P > 0.24). Similarly, age at natural menopause was not associated with measures of body composition. Despite higher mean BMI among the post- (BMI 27.3 kg/m(2)) compared with the premenopausal women (BMI 25.9 kg/m(2)) in an age-matched analysis, mean VAT was not different between the two groups (P = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Earlier menarche is associated with overall obesity but not with VAT or SAT after accounting for measures of generalized adiposity. Parity and menopausal age were not associated with adiposity measures. Although postmenopausal women had increased BMI, VAT, and SAT, the association was predominantly due to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Reproductive characteristics and obesity in middle-aged women seen at an outpatient clinic in southern Brazil. Menopause 2012; 19:1022-8. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182503834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Parity is associated with weight retention and has long-lasting and detrimental effects on the health of women. Previous studies have shown that increasing parity was independently associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Postpartum weight is made up of several components including uterine and mammary tissues, body water (intracellular (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW)), and fat. These components change in variable amounts postpartum, thereby distinctly affecting the interpretation of individual weight retention; however, it is unclear which components contribute to weight retention. The aims of this longitudinal study were to evaluate changes in body composition during the postpartum period and to investigate their effects on weight retention. This prospective study examined 41 healthy, pregnant women who gave birth at Korea University Guro Hospital. We measured body composition at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postpartum using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Weight decreased during this postpartum period (P < 0.001); the postpartum weight retention from prepregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum was 4.43 ± 4.0 kg. Among various body composition components, ECW, ICW, total body water, and fat-free mass (FFM) decreased postpartum. However, fat mass (FM) and visceral fat area, the components that experienced the greatest changes, increased postpartum. Our results demonstrate that the postpartum period is associated with a preferential accumulation of adipose tissue in the visceral compartment, even though overall body weight is decreased. Further studies are needed to evaluate the changes in body composition over longer time periods and their long-term effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Number of children and change in markers of metabolic health over 9-years in men and women. Data from the DESIR study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2011; 37:351-5. [PMID: 21680219 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Parity is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, possibly mediated by long-term modification of metabolic health. Studying associations between the number of children with health and disease in men in addition to women allows for differentiation between the social and lifestyle influences of child-rearing, and the biological influences of childbearing. We sought to determine whether the number of children is associated with the incidence of raised fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose≥6.1 mmol/L) and changes in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and β-cell function over 9-years. METHODS Analysis of 1798 women and 1737 men from the DESIR study. RESULTS The number of children was associated with change in fasting glucose for women (P(trend)=0.02) and men (P(trend)=0.03), and increased incidence of raised fasting glucose by 30% (95% CI: 15, 47%) per child for men, but not women (3% [95% CI: -8, 15%]). There was a J-shaped association between number of children and change in insulin (P=0.01) and insulin resistance (P=0.005) for women, and a reduction in β-cell function in parous women (P=0.07). Men with children had increases in insulin (P=0.02), insulin resistance (P=0.02), and β-cell function (P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS The number of children a person has is associated with changes in metabolic health indices long after childbirth for both men and women. The distinct gender differences in deterioration of metabolic health indices emphasize that childbearing and child-rearing are likely to have differential influences on metabolic health.
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Araneta MRG, Barrett-Connor E. Grand multiparity is associated with type 2 diabetes in Filipino American women, independent of visceral fat and adiponectin. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:385-9. [PMID: 19918009 PMCID: PMC2809288 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether multiparity is associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adipokines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were from the University of California San Diego Filipino Women's Health Study with at least one live birth. A 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered; adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, reproductive history, family history of diabetes, VAT, and lifestyle behaviors were measured between 1995 and 2002. RESULTS Among 152 women, mean age was 59.5 years (range 48-73 years) and mean parity was 4.3 (range 1-12 births). Type 2 diabetes prevalence increased by parity group (low parity, 1-2 births, 25%; medium parity, 3-5 births, 30.3%; and grand multiparity: 6-12 births, 50%; P = 0.048). Family history of diabetes, exercise, insulin resistance, and leptin and ghrelin levels did not differ by parity group. Compared with women in the low parity group, women with > or =6 births were significantly older (62 vs. 57 years), had lower college completion (22 vs. 58%, P = 0.006), more hypertension (72 vs. 55%), higher VAT (74.9 vs. 58.4 cm(3)), and lower adiponectin concentration (5.79 vs. 7.61 microg/ml). In multivariate analysis adjusting for adiponectin, VAT, family history of diabetes, age, education, hypertension, and estrogen use, grand multiparous women had a threefold higher odds of type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 3.40 [95% CI 1.13-10.2]) compared with low parity women. No differences were observed in the odds of diabetes between women in the medium (1.10 [0.41-2.91]) and low parity groups. CONCLUSIONS Having > or =6 children was associated with type 2 diabetes, independent of adiponectin, VAT, family history, and other measured diabetes risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario G Araneta
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
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Katsoulis K, Blaudeau TE, Roy JP, Hunter GR. Diet-induced changes in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and CVD risk in American women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:2169-75. [PMID: 19444234 PMCID: PMC2783986 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine what effect weight loss had on intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 135 premenopausal overweight African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) women matched for BMI. Blood lipids, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and IAAT (computed tomography determined) were examined prior to and after an 800 kcal/day diet producing 12 kg-weight loss. Significant decreases in IAAT (approximately 38%), total cholesterol (TC; 3%), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs: 6%), triglycerides (TGs: 27%), cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (C/HDL ratio: 18%), SBP (3%), and DBP (3%) occurred while HDL increased (16%), following weight loss and 1 month energy balance. Significant interactions between time and race showed that AA women decreased TG and increased HDL proportionately less than EA women. After adjusting for Delta IAAT, none of the CVD variables significantly changed after weight loss with the exception of HDL and C/HDL ratio. After adjusting for Delta LF (leg fat), Delta TC, Delta TG, Delta LDL, and Delta C/HDL ratio were significantly different. Multiple regression showed that independent of each other, Delta IAAT was significantly and positively related to Delta TC (adjusted beta = 0.24) and Delta TG (adjusted beta = 0.47), and Delta LF was negatively related to Delta TC (adjusted beta = -0.19) and Delta TG (adjusted beta = -0.18). Overweight and premenopausal AA and EA women benefitted from weight loss by decreasing IAAT and improving CVD risk. The changes in IAAT were significantly related to blood lipids, but loss of LF seems to be related to reduced improvement in TC and TG. Based on these results, interventions should focus on changes on IAAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Katsoulis
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tami E. Blaudeau
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jane P. Roy
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Gunderson EP, Jacobs DR, Chiang V, Lewis CE, Tsai A, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S. Childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age controlling for measurements before pregnancy: the CARDIA study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:177.e1-9. [PMID: 19560114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to prospectively examine whether childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) after delivery among women of reproductive age. STUDY DESIGN In 1451 nulliparas who were aged 18-30 years and free of the MetS at baseline (1985-1986) and reexamined up to 4 times during 20 years, we ascertained incident MetS defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria among time-dependent interim birth groups by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): (0 [referent], 1 non-GDM, 2+ non-GDM, 1+ GDM births). Complementary log-log models estimated relative hazards of the MetS among birth groups adjusted for race, age, and baseline and follow-up covariates. RESULTS We identified 259 incident MetS cases in 25,246 person-years (10.3/1000 person-years). Compared with 0 births, adjusted relative hazards (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.33 (95% CI, 0.93-1.90) for 1 non-GDM, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.16-2.26) for 2+ non-GDM (P trend = .02), and 2.43 (95% CI, 1.53-3.86) for 1+ GDM births. CONCLUSION Increasing parity is associated with future development of the MetS independent of prior obesity and pregnancy-related weight gain. Risk varies by GDM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Gunderson
- Epidemiology and Prevention Section, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sørensen TI, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM. Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1750-9. [PMID: 18541565 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may affect birth weight, their separate and joint associations with complications of pregnancy and delivery and with postpartum weight retention are unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the combined associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG with pregnancy outcomes and to evaluate the trade-offs between mother and infant for different weight gains. DESIGN Data for 60892 term pregnancies in the Danish National Birth Cohort were linked to birth and hospital discharge registers. Self-reported total GWG was categorized as low (<10 kg), medium (10-15 kg), high (16-19 kg), or very high (>or=20 kg). Adjusted associations of prepregnancy BMI and GWG with outcomes of interest were estimated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS High and very high GWG added to the associations of high prepregnancy BMI with cesarean delivery and were strongly associated with high postpartum weight retention. Moreover, greater weight gains and high maternal BMI decreased the risk of growth restriction and increased the risk of the infant's being born large-for-gestational-age or with a low Apgar score. Generally, low GWG was advantageous for the mother, but it increased the risk of having a small baby, particularly for underweight women. CONCLUSIONS Heavier women may benefit from avoiding high and very high GWG, which brings only a slight increase in the risk of growth restriction for the infant. High weight gain in underweight women does not appear to have deleterious consequences for them or their infants, but they may want to avoid low GWG to prevent having a small baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Nohr
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gunderson EP, Sternfeld B, Wellons MF, Whitmer RA, Chiang V, Quesenberry CP, Lewis CE, Sidney S. Childbearing may increase visceral adipose tissue independent of overall increase in body fat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1078-84. [PMID: 18356843 PMCID: PMC2952441 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether childbearing is associated with increased visceral adiposity and whether the increase is proportionally larger than other depots. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This prospective study examined changes in adiposity assessed via computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among 122 premenopausal women (50 black, 72 white) examined in 1995-1996 and again in 2000-2001. During the 5-year interval, 14 women had one interim birth and 108 had no interim births. Multiple linear regression models estimated mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) 5-year changes in anthropometric and adiposity measures by interim births adjusted for age, race, and changes in total and subcutaneous adiposity. RESULTS We found no significant differences between one interim birth and no interim births for 5-year changes in weight, BMI, total body fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, or total abdominal adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue increased by 40 and 14% above initial levels for 1 birth and 0 birth groups, respectively. Having 1 birth vs. 0 births was associated with a greater increase in visceral adipose tissue of 18.0 cm2 (4.8, 31.2), P<0.01; gain of 27.1 cm2 (14.5, 39.7) vs. 9.2 cm2 (4.8, 13.6), and a borderline greater increase in waist girth of 2.3 cm (0, 4.5), P=0.05; gain of 6.3 cm (4.1, 8.5) vs. 4.0 cm (3.2, 4.8), controlling for gain in total body fat and covariates. DISCUSSION Pregnancy may be associated with preferential accumulation of adipose tissue in the visceral compartment for similar gains in total body fat. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether excess visceral fat deposition with pregnancy adversely affects metabolic risk profiles among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Section, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA.
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Blaudeau TE, Hunter GR, St-Onge MP, Gower BA, Roy JLP, Bryan DR, Zuckerman PA, Darnell BE. IAAT, catecholamines, and parity in African-American and European-American women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:797-803. [PMID: 18239569 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently reported that parous European-American (EA) women have disproportionately more intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) than their nulliparous counterparts. Mediating mechanisms for IAAT accumulation remain unknown; however, some evidence suggests a possible catecholamine link. The objective of this study was to determine whether the IAAT-parity relationship found in EA women exists in African-American (AA) women and to determine whether catecholamines play a mediating role. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Subjects included 44 EA and 47 AA premenopausal women. Free-living physical activity by doubly labeled water (activity-related time equivalent (ARTE)), body composition (air plethysmography, computed tomography), and 24-h fractionated urinary catecholamines were measured. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA revealed parous EA and AA women had significantly higher IAAT than their nulliparous counterparts (100.1 +/- 28.5 and 76.2 +/- 34.8 cm(2) vs. 75.9 +/- 29.1 and 59.6 +/- 15.0 cm(2)). In AA women and nulliparous women, 24-h urinary dopamine was significantly higher (AA parous 260.8 +/- 88; EA parous 197.2 +/- 78.8; AA nulliparous 376.5 +/- 81; EA nulliparous 289.6 +/- 62). Multiple regression analysis for modeling IAAT indicated that race, parity, dopamine, ARTE, and VO(2max) were all significant and independent contributors to the model (Unstandardized betas: race -32.6 +/- 7.4; parity (number of births) 10.0 +/- 3.4; 24-h urinary dopamine 0.08 +/- 0.04; ARTE (min/day) -0.09 +/- 0.04; VO(2max) (ml/kg/min) -2.8 +/- 1.0). DISCUSSION Independent of the potential confounders: age, race, percent body fat, IAAT, 24-h fractionated urinary catecholamines, physical activity, and VO(2max), parous EA and AA women had more IAAT than their nulliparous counterparts. Of the catecholamines, dopamine was found to be significantly lower in parous women and higher in AA's. Dopamine, however, did not explain racial or parity differences in IAAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilane E Blaudeau
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Wells JCK, Cole TJ, Treleaven P. Age-variability in body shape associated with excess weight: the UK National Sizing Survey. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:435-41. [PMID: 18239656 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health risks of obesity are disproportionately due to central abdominal adiposity; however, the extent to which age is associated with the body shape of obese adults is not known. OBJECTIVE Three-dimensional (3D) data on body shape from the UK National Sizing Survey were analyzed to investigate age-associated changes in body shape within the BMI bands <20, 20-24.99, 25-29.99 and > or =30 kg/m(2). METHODS Measurements of anthropometry (weight and height) and a 3D body scan were obtained in 4,344 men and 5,266 women recruited from eight British cities. RESULTS The body shape of men showed high consistency within BMI bands between early adulthood and old age. In contrast, the body shape of women altered within each BMI band with increasing age. In obese, overweight, and normal weight women, age was associated with decreased thigh girth, increased waist, and bust girth. Whereas young obese women maintained an hourglass shape, in old age the body shape of obese women converged on that of obese men. DISCUSSION The association of age with body shape is markedly different between the sexes, with the impact of obesity on shape strongly age-dependent in women but not in men. The age delay in the association between obesity and high waist girth in women may contribute to the sex-difference in life expectancy. The relationship between body shape change and cardiovascular risk merits longitudinal investigation within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas II. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:329-57. [PMID: 17940461 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282c3a898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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