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Yalçin F, Abraham MR, Garcia MJ. Stress and Heart in Remodeling Process: Multiple Stressors at the Same Time Kill. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2597. [PMID: 38731125 PMCID: PMC11084707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is developed by increased stress in acute or chronic pathophysiologies. Stressed heart morphology (SHM) is a new description representing basal septal hypertrophy (BSH) caused by emotional stress and chronic stress due to increased afterload in hypertension. Acute stress cardiomyopathy (ASC) and hypertension could be together in clinical practice. Therefore, there are some geometric and functional aspects regarding this specific location, septal base under acute and chronic stress stimuli. The findings by our and the other research groups support that hypertension-mediated myocardial involvement could be pre-existed in ASC cases. Beyond a frequently seen predominant base, hyperkinetic tissue response is detected in both hypertension and ASC. Furthermore, hypertension is the responsible factor in recurrent ASC. The most supportive prospective finding is BSH in which a hypercontractile base takes a longer time to exist morphologically than an acutely developed syndrome under both physiologic exercise and pressure overload by transaortic binding in small animals using microimaging. However, cardiac decompensation with apical ballooning could mask the possible underlying hypertensive disease. In fact, enough time for the assessment of previous hypertension history or segmental analysis could not be provided in an emergency unit, since ASC is accepted as an acute coronary syndrome during an acute episode. Additional supportive findings for SHM are increased stress scores in hypertensive BSH and the existence of similar tissue aspects in excessive sympathetic overdrive like pheochromocytoma which could result in both hypertensive disease and ASC. Exercise hypertension as the typical form of blood pressure variability is the sum of physiologic exercise and pathologic increased blood pressure and results in increased mortality. Hypertension is not rare in patients with a high stress score and leads to repetitive attacks in ASC supporting the important role of an emotional component as well as the potential danger due to multiple stressors at the same time. In the current review, the impact of multiple stressors on segmental or global myocardial remodeling and the hazardous potential of multiple stressors at the same time are discussed. As a result, incidentally determined segmental remodeling could be recalled in patients with multiple stressors and contribute to the early and combined management of both hypertension and chronic stress in the prevention of global remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yalçin
- Department of Cardiology, UCSF HEALTH, School of Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, Cardiology UCSF Health, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Rm M314AUCSF, P.O. Box 0214, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Maria Roselle Abraham
- Department of Cardiology, UCSF HEALTH, School of Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Mario J. Garcia
- Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Dong Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, Cao L, Kuang X, Yao J. The effects of mind-body exercise on anxiety and depression in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1305295. [PMID: 38384592 PMCID: PMC10879425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1305295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research directly compares the clinical effects of different types of mind-body exercises on anxiety and depression in older adults. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that meet the inclusion criteria to explore the intervention effects of five different types of mind-body exercises in improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Methods We followed the PRISMA-NMA guidelines and conducted searches in the Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to July 28, 2023. The language was limited to English. Two independent reviewers conducted literature screening and data extraction. Review Manager 5.4 was used to perform Pairwise meta-analysis and risk assessment, while STATA version 15 software was used for network meta-analysis. Result A total of 42 studies, involving 2974 participants, were included. The results of the traditional meta-analysis showed that mind-body exercises were superior to the control group in alleviating anxiety (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.43, -0.31, p<0.05, I2 = 95%) and depressive (SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.34, p<0.05, I2 = 80%). In the network meta-analysis, the ranking of treatment effects for anxiety showed that Tai Chi > Qigong > Yoga > Dance > control group, while for depression, the ranking showed Tai Chi > Pilates > Yoga > Qigong > Dance > control group. Conclusion This study found that mind-body exercises have positive effects on improving anxiety and depression in older adults. Among the five different types of mind-body exercise interventions, Tai Chi was considered an effective approach for improving anxiety and depression. However, we encourage older adults to choose exercise modalities that suit their interests to enhance adherence. Systematic review registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023464296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Rongting Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Lan Cao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqin Kuang
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guilin University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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Hüzmeli İ, Katayıfçı N, Yalçın F, Hüzmeli ED. Effects of Different Inspiratory Muscle Training Protocols on Exercise Capacity, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Hypertension. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:4136457. [PMID: 38344141 PMCID: PMC10858798 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4136457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore how varying inspiratory muscle training workloads affect exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HrQoL), depression, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, and physical activity levels in hypertension (HT) patients. Methods A randomized, controlled three-arm study. Forty-five patients (58.37 ± 8.53 y, 7F/38M) with HT received IMT (7 days/8 weeks) by POWERbreathe® Classic LR device and were randomized to control group (CG, 10% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), n: 15), low-load group (LLG, 30% MIP), and high-load group (HLG, %50 MIP). Exercise capacity, HrQoL, depression, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, fatigue, physical activity level, dyspnea, and sleep quality were evaluated before and after the training. Results Exercise capacity, physical functioning, peripheral muscle strength, and resting dyspnea were statistically significantly improved in HLG and LLG after the training compared to CG (p < 0.05). Similar improvements in perception of depression, fatigue, and sleep quality were seen within and between the groups (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found within all the groups in terms of MIP and PEF values of respiratory functions (p < 0.05). The superior improvement in the physical activity level was found in the HLG (p < 0.05). Discussion. High-load IMT was particularly effective in increasing physical activity level, peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, and improved HrQoL. Low-load IMT was effective in reducing dyspnea and improving respiratory function. Device-guided breathing exercises decreased blood pressure, improved sleep quality, and strengthened respiratory muscles. IMT, an efficient method, is suggested for inclusion in rehabilitation programs due to its capacity to increase physical activity, exercise capacity, and peripheral muscle strength, enhance HrQoL and respiratory function, and alleviate dyspnea. Also, the efficacy of IMT should be investigated with different training protocols such as endurance IMT or functional IMT in HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Hüzmeli
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Nihan Katayıfçı
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Yalçın
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Hatay, Türkiye
| | - Esra Doğru Hüzmeli
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hatay, Türkiye
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Shariful Islam M, Fardousi A, Sizear MI, Rabbani MG, Islam R, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM. Effect of leisure-time physical activity on blood pressure in people with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10639. [PMID: 37391436 PMCID: PMC10313796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for premature death. Leisure-time physical activities have been recommended to control hypertension. Studies examining how leisure-time physical activity affects blood pressure have found mixed results. We aimed to conduct a systematic review examining the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on lowering blood pressure among adults living with hypertension. We searched studies in Embase, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Physical Education Index, Scopus and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library). The primary outcome variables were systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021260751). We included 17 studies out of 12,046 screened articles in this review. Moderate-intensity LTPA (all types) reduced SBP compared to the non-intervention control group (MD -5.35 mm Hg, 95% CI -8.06 to -2.65, nine trials, n = 531, low certainty of the evidence). Mean DBP was reduced by -4.76 mm Hg (95% CI -8.35 to -1.17, nine trials, n = 531, low certainty of the evidence) in all types of LTPA (moderate intensity) group compared to the non-intervention control group. Leisure-time walking reduced mean SBP by -8.36 mmHg, 95% CI -13.39 to -3.32, three trials, n = 128, low certainty of the evidence). Walking during leisure time reduced -5.03 mmHg mean DBP, 95% CI -8.23 to -1.84, three trials, n = 128, low certainty of the evidence). Performing physical activity during free time probably reduces SBP and DBP (low certainty of the evidence) among adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammatul Fardousi
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Monaemul Islam Sizear
- Health Systems for Tuberculosis, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Rabbani
- Health Economics Unit, Health Services Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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The Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2897664. [PMID: 36818230 PMCID: PMC9935892 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2897664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the increasing number of patients with hypertension, exercise intervention is an excellent alternative or adjunctive treatment for hypertension. Traditional Chinese exercises are excellent physical and mental exercise methods. Although some studies have reviewed the effects of Chinese traditional exercise on patients with hypertension, most of the reviews only involved a single category of traditional exercise. Furthermore, few studies have conducted in-depth analysis of the combined intervention methods of traditional Chinese exercise, and there are high heterogeneity. This study evaluates the current clinical evidence of Chinese traditional exercises in the treatment of essential hypertension. A total of 49 randomized controlled trials with 4207 hypertensive patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria by searching all relevant studies from the establishment of six electronic databases until September 10, 2022. Among them, 24 used tai chi and 25 used Qigong, including Yijinjing, Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, Baduanjin, and Guolin Qigong. This study divided four subgroups according to the type of intervention to explore the source of heterogeneity among studies and found that traditional Chinese exercises can assist or even may replace traditional treatments. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the use of antihypertensive drugs alone or in health education, the addition of Chinese traditional exercises showed significant effects in regulating the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Although the results show that traditional Chinese exercise are effective, the clinical evidence will be affected by the low quality of most randomized controlled trials. More rigorously designed trials are needed in the future to further validate it.
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Kurt Z, Sice P, Krajewska K, Elvin G, Xie H, Ogwu S, Wang P, Turgut SS. A pilot study on the impacts of lung-strengthening Qigong on wellbeing. Complement Ther Med 2022; 71:102891. [PMID: 36179803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qigong embraces a range of self-care exercises originating from China. Lung-Strengthening Qigong (LSQ) is a specific technique for maintaining and improving physical and mental wellbeing. METHODS We recruited 170 practitioners and 42 non-practitioner/control samples to investigate the impacts of LSQ practice on body, mind, thoughts, and feelings. This is a pilot study pursued to plan for an adequately powered, non-clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) on overall wellbeing and health and to evaluate the adequacy of delivering the physical activity intervention with fidelity. Self-evaluation-based data collection schemes were developed by regularly requesting completion of a questionnaire from both practitioner and control group, and an online diary and end of study survey (EOS) completion only from the practitioners. Diverse types of analyses were conducted, including statistical tests, machine learning, and qualitative thematic models. RESULTS We evaluated all different data resources together and observed that (a)the impacts are diverse, including improvements in physical (e.g., elevated sleep quality, physical energy, reduced fatigue), mental (e.g., increased positivity, reduced stress), and relational (e.g., enhanced connections to self and nature) wellbeing, which were not observed in control group; (b)measured by the level-of-effectiveness, four distinct clusters were identified, from no-effect to a high-level of effect; (c)a majority (84 %) of the LSQ practitioners experienced an improvement in wellbeing; (d)qualitative and quantitative analyses of the diary entries, questionnaires, and EOS were all found to be consistent, (e)majority of the positively impacted practitioners had no or some little prior experience with LSQ. CONCLUSIONS Novel features of this study include (i)an increased sample size vis-à-vis other related studies; (ii)provision of weekly live-streamed LSQ sessions; (iii)integration of quantitative and qualitative type of analyses. The pilot study indicated that the proportion of practitioners who continued to engage in completing the regular-interval questionnaires over time was higher for practitioners compared to the control group. The engagement of practitioners may have been sustained by participation in the regular live LSQ sessions. To fully understand the impacts of LSQ on clinical/physiological outcomes, especially for specific patient groups, more objective biomarkers (e.g. respiratory rate, heart rate variation) could be tracked in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Petia Sice
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Krystyna Krajewska
- Confucius Institute, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Garry Elvin
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hailun Xie
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Suzannah Ogwu
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Sparkhill Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pingfan Wang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sultan Sevgi Turgut
- Department of Computer Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mendo B, Gonçalves M, Lopes L, Matos LC, Machado J. Can Yoga, Qigong, and Tai Chi Breathing Work Support the Psycho-Immune Homeostasis during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101934. [PMID: 36292380 PMCID: PMC9601556 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathing is crucial in life; nevertheless, the healthcare community often overlooks the health potential of breathing techniques. Conscious manipulation of breathing to achieve specific health goals is found in yoga, Qigong and Tai Chi. This paper reviews the value of breathing exercises as a foremost mechanism for promoting, recuperating and maintaining health. Practices involving breathing techniques are described, and their prophylactic or therapeutic characteristics are explored. The main goals of this review are: (i) to summarize the evidence supporting the hypothesis that breathing practices have a significant beneficial impact on human health; (ii) to provide a deeper understanding of traditional biofeedback practices, particularly yoga, Qigong and Tai Chi, and outline their focus on breathing techniques; (iii) to outline specific immune-related responses, relevant for COVID-19 disorders; and (iv) to call for committed attention and action from the scientific community and health agencies in promoting the implementation of a practical and costless health program based on breathing techniques. This review shows the health potentials of breathing practices and exercises, which, by having a high benefit-cost ratio, could be selected and implemented as a primary standard routine in public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mendo
- ICBAS–Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CBSin–Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Mário Gonçalves
- ICBAS–Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CBSin–Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Lopes
- ICBAS–Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CBSin–Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Carlos Matos
- CBSin–Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CTEC–Centro Transdisciplinar de Estudos da Consciência, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- ICBAS–Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CBSin–Center of BioSciences in Integrative Health, 4250-105 Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP–Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Inter-individual Response Differences on Resting Blood Pressure as a Result of Qigong in Adults: An Ancillary Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 66:102818. [PMID: 35217171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct an ancillary meta-analysis to determine whether true IIRD exist with respect to the effects of qigong on resting SBP and DBP in adults. METHODS Data from a meta-analysis representing 370 participants (181 qigong, 189 control) from 7 randomized trials on qigong and resting SBP and DBP in men and women were included. Qigong and control group change outcome standard deviations treated as point estimates for both resting SBP and DBP were used to calculate true IIRD from each study and the inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model was used to pool results. RESULTS For participants with essential hypertension, statistically significant and clinically important reductions in resting SBP (X̅, -18.2mmHg, 95% CI, -21.3 to -15.2mmHg) and DBP (X̅, -11.7mmHg, 95% CI, -17.0 to -6.3mmHg) were found. However, true IIRD were neither significant or clinically important for either SBP (X̅, -6.0mmHg, 95% CI, -9.1 to 3.5mmHg) or DBP (X̅, 2.8mmHg, 95% CI, -3.4 to 5.2mmHg). The 95% prediction interval for true IIRD was -11.9 to 8.4mmHg for SBP and -5.8 to 7.0mmHg for DBP. CONCLUSIONS While qigong is associated with reductions in resting SBP and DBP in adults with essential hypertension, a lack of true IIRD exists, suggesting that other external factors are responsible for any variation.
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Association between Exercise and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Residents: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2453805. [PMID: 35069755 PMCID: PMC8767394 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2453805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recommended as an effective lifestyle behaviour for adults to prevent and treat hypertension. In this study, a randomized-effect meta-analysis was used to analyse the influence of exercise interventions on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. METHODS Candidate papers were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases, and 46 studies were finally included and analysed. RESULTS It was shown that preplanned walking (systolic blood pressure (SBP): WMD (weighted mean difference) = -5.94, 95% CI: -8.57, -3.30; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): WMD = -2.66, 95% CI: -3.66, -1.67), yoga (SBP: WMD = -5.09, 95% CI: -9.28, -0.89; DBP: WMD = -3.06, 95% CI: -5.16, -0.96), aquatic sports (SBP WMD = -7.53, 95% CI: -11.40, -3.65; DBP: WMD = -5.35, 95% CI: -9.00, -1.69), and football (SBP: WMD = -6.06, 95% CI: -9.30, -2.82; DBP: WMD = -5.55, 95% CI: -8.98, -2.13) had significant effects on blood pressure reduction. However, Tai Chi (SBP: WMD = -8.31, 95% CI: -20.39, 3.77; DBP: WMD = -3.05, 95% CI: -6.96, 0.87) and Qigong (SBP: WMD = -4.34, 95% CI: -13.5, 4.82; DBP: WMD = -3.44, 95% CI: -7.89, 1.01) did not significantly reduce blood pressure. The heterogeneity of the meta-analysis was high. CONCLUSION Walking, yoga, aquatic sports, and football were feasible and independent lifestyle interventions, and they were effective options for treating hypertension. More scientifically designed randomized controlled trials are needed in the future to further compare different forms of exercise for the treatment of hypertension.
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The Effects of Qigong for Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5622631. [PMID: 34659434 PMCID: PMC8519725 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5622631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertension has been a global public health problem. Qigong as a complementary and alternative therapy is often used to reduce blood pressure. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of Qigong on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods Six electronic resource databases were searched from inception to January 2019, and randomized controlled trials of Qigong on hypertension were retrieved. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration, and Review Manager 5.3 was applied. Two researchers independently identified articles to include based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Results Fourteen studies, with 829 individuals, were included. The meta-analysis demonstrates that, compared with no exercise, Qigong has significant positive effects on systolic blood pressure (mean difference = −8.90, 95% CI (−12.13, −5.67), P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference = −5.02, 95% CI (−7.88, −2.17), P < 0.00001). There is, however, no significant difference between Qigong and other aerobic exercises in reducing blood pressure. Conclusion Qigong can effectively reduce blood pressure levels. Longer-term engagement in the practice has an even better effect in hypertension patients. However, the conclusion of this study still needs to be verified by more high-quality studies.
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Wu YHT, He WB, Gao YY, Han XM. Effects of traditional Chinese exercises and general aerobic exercises on older adults with sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:493-502. [PMID: 34649821 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are common in older adults and have a negative influence on their physical and mental health. General aerobic exercises (GAEs) have long been used in the treatment of sleep disorders as a non-pharmacological measure. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) for treating sleep disorders in older adults and the difference between TCEs and GAEs. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of TCEs and GAEs on the sleep quality of older adults and the differences between these two interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science Journal Database and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to August 2020. INCLUSION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of TCEs and GAEs on older adults with sleep disorders were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted by two researchers working independently. The risk bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to estimate sleep quality. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the total PSQI score of the exercise intervention as the primary outcome, and the scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction were assessed as secondary outcomes. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the contribution of covariables to heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs (including 1747 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that TCEs (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.82, -1.46], P < 0.001; heterogeneity: P < 0.001, I2 = 82%; 15 studies, n = 1063) and GAEs (WMD = -2.88, 95% CI [-5.22, -0.55], P < 0.001; heterogeneity: P < 0.001, I2 = 98%; 5 studies, n = 500) significantly improved total sleep quality, having favorable effects on subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction. Subgroup analysis showed that TCEs demonstrated superiority after 12 weeks (WMD = -2.77, 95% CI [-4.26, -1.28], P < 0.001; heterogeneity: P < 0.001, I2 = 85%; 5 studies, n = 420) and Qigong had a greater intervention effect for improving the sleep quality of older adults than Tai Chi (WMD = -3.37, 95% CI [-4.38, -2.35], P < 0.001; heterogeneity: P = 0.04, I2 = 63%; 4 studies, n = 321). Meta-regression revealed that the year of publication, sample size, mean age of participants, and percentage of females in the primary studies did not account for the overall heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Current evidence shows that both TCEs and GAEs, as complementary and non-pharmacological approaches, help to improve the sleep quality in older adults with potentially clinical implications; however, there was not enough evidence to conclude the difference between them. More rigorous and high-quality RCTs are needed to arrive at reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hao-Tian Wu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo He
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yin-Yan Gao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xue-Mei Han
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Matos LC, Machado JP, Monteiro FJ, Greten HJ. Understanding Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapeutics: An Overview of the Basics and Clinical Applications. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:257. [PMID: 33804485 PMCID: PMC8000828 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a systematic healthcare system developed from clinical experience based on a scientific model of regulation. TCM relies on unique theories and practices to treat diseases and enhance health. These practices include Chinese herbal medicine and dietetics, acupuncture and moxibustion, and other non-medication therapies such as Chinese bodywork or manual therapy, known as "Tuina", and traditional biofeedback exercises, known as "Qigong" and "Taijiquan". The integration of TCM in Western health systems and research requires a rational communicable theory, scientific proof of efficacy and safety, and quality control measures. Understanding the structural concepts of the TCM language makes possible the parallelism to Western physiology, and the inherent rational use of the reflex therapeutic systems, anti-inflammatory mechanisms and mental training involved, for example, in acupuncture and "Qigong". The results of TCM clinical trials and fundamental research on its nature and mechanisms have encouraged the development and application of well-designed research strategies such as double blinding in acupucture to overcome limitations and resistances in integrating these practices into the existing biomedical paradigms of the West. This review aims to overview some TCM theoretical concepts and the evidence-based clinical application of TCM's leading practices to create an easy-to-consult and condensed source of information, available for the healthcare community, facilitating the understanding and communication between conventional health professionals and TCM practitioners and acupuncturists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Matos
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- CBSIn—Centro de Biociências em Saúde Integrativa, Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
- CTEC—Centro Transdisciplinar de Estudos da Consciência, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pereira Machado
- CBSIn—Centro de Biociências em Saúde Integrativa, Atlântico Business School, 4405-604 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
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Song Y, Li J, István B, Xuan R, Wei S, Zhong G, Gu Y. Current Evidence on Traditional Chinese Exercises for Quality of Life in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:627518. [PMID: 33553269 PMCID: PMC7854897 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.627518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases seen in primary human health care that could lead to various health problems and reduce the quality of life (QOL). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese exercises (TCE) on QOL in patients with essential hypertension. Three English databases and one Chinese database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until August 2020. A total of 13 RCTs with 1,361 hypertensive patients met the inclusion criteria, 10 trials employed Tai Chi and 3 trials employed Qigong, including Dongeui Qinggong, Yijinjing, and Wuqinxi. Despite a large heterogeneity within studies, it is demonstrated that TCE may be an effective therapy to improve the QOL of hypertensive patients. More specific, compared with no intervention, the meta-analysis presented that Tai Chi significantly improved both the physical and mental component of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) QOL scale, and it was found that the simplified 24-form Tai Chi with a frequency of 30–50 min per session at five to eight sessions per week was the most commonly used setting. The pooling also revealed that Tai Chi and Qigong had some significantly positive effects on QOL based on other scales. However, more rigorously designed RCTs are warranted for further verification. This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated that Tai Chi may be an effective therapy to improve the QOL of patients with essential hypertension. All these findings provide helpful information for hypertensive patients and medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jialin Li
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bíró István
- Doctoral School of Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Ningbo Municipal Hospital of T.C.M., Ningbo, China
| | | | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Ching SM, Mokshashri NR, Kannan MM, Lee KW, Sallahuddin NA, Ng JX, Wong JL, Devaraj NK, Hoo FK, Loo YS, Veettil SK. Effects of qigong on systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowering: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33407414 PMCID: PMC7789757 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of qigong for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) reduction have been noted in previously published systematic reviews; however, the data on its effectiveness has been at best scarce. We aimed to update the evidence of qigong on blood pressure reduction after taking into consideration the risks of random error and reliability of data in the cumulative meta-analysis using trial sequential analysis (TSA). METHODS Included trials were assessed using Cochrane risk of bias instrument. We performed meta-analysis with random-effects model and random errors were evaluated with TSA. We performed the search for the eligible randomized controlled trial (RCT) through Medline, Cinahl, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and also PubMed. RESULTS A total of 370 subjects sourced from seven eligible RCTs were entered into the analysis. The pooled results demonstrated the significant reduction with the use of qigong of the systolic blood pressure [weighted mean difference (WMD), - 10.66 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) = - 17.69,-3.62, p < 0.001] and diastolic BP [WMD, - 6.76 mmHg, 95% CI = - 12.22, - 1.30, p < 0.001] as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Significant reductions in BP is seen with the use of qigong as compared with the control group, suggesting that qigong may be used as a complementary therapy in the somewhat complicated management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Naidu Ragubathi Mokshashri
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Maharajan Mari Kannan
- School of Pharmacy/School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nurin Amalina Sallahuddin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jun Xun Ng
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jie Lin Wong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Navin Kumar Devaraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fan Kee Hoo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yee Shen Loo
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Sajesh K. Veettil
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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Comparing Mindful and Non-Mindful Exercises on Alleviating Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228692. [PMID: 33238594 PMCID: PMC7700675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, studies and reviews have reported the therapeutic benefits of both mindful and non-mindful exercises in reducing anxiety. However, there have not been any systematic reviews to compare their relative effectiveness for therapeutic application, especially among the non-clinical population. Thus, the aim of this review is to compare the effectiveness between mindful and non-mindful exercise on treating anxiety among non-clinical samples. Methods: Potential articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Academic Search Premier, and PsycInfo. Randomized controlled trials, which involved both mindful and non-mindful exercises as intervention, and the use of anxiety outcome measures were included. Results: Twenty-four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review. In addition, 14 studies provided sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. For studies that reported significant group differences at post-assessment, results showed that mindful exercise was more beneficial in reducing anxiety than non-mindful exercise. The meta-analysis reported that yoga was more effective in reducing anxiety than non-mindful exercise. Conclusions: Compared to non-mindful exercise, yoga is shown to be more effective in alleviating anxiety symptoms. It is recommended that yoga could be used as a primary healthcare intervention to help the public reduce anxiety.
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Gonçalves M, Matos LC, Duarte L, Machado J, Greten HJ, Franconi G. Problems of scientific methodology related to placebo control in Qigong studies: A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:261-270. [PMID: 33218521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Qigong is widespread in the West and used for preventive care, stress-induced conditions, emotional and vegetative symptoms like migraine and hypertension, as well as for better coordination in the elderly and quality of life enhancement in severe disease such as cancer. Adequate controls for Qigong research are lacking, compromising the level of efficacy evidence. Adequate Qigong placebo control exercises should match clear and standardized criteria. METHODS Three computerized databases were assessed in January 2018 (Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE on PubMed) using the following keywords or their combinations: (Qigong OR Qi Gong OR Gong Qi OR Chi Kung OR Kung Chi OR Kiko OR Ki Gong OR Ki Kong) AND placebo. In addition, all reference lists were scanned for further relevant articles. Literature was examined for the effects of Qigong as compared to a control intervention. RESULTS 110 articles were found, 78 of which were excluded after examining the title and abstract, and 16 because they were duplicates. Four more articles were found by searching in the bibliographies of published papers. A total of 20 studies were included in this systematic review. We found that, to the best of our knowledge, no criteria for placebo controls have been published in peer-reviewed journals so far. CONCLUSION Placebo controls should be developed by the usage of vegetative functional assessments such as heart rate variability, thermography, and electrophysiological measurements, thus excluding major vegetative effects of the exercise, as well as by the usage of psychometric tests and other quantitative evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Gonçalves
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; DGTCM - German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany; HSCM - Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luís Carlos Matos
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Centro Transdisciplinar de Estudos da Consciência da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (CTEC-UFP), 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Leonel Duarte
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; LABIOMEP - Biomechanics Laboratory of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henry Johannes Greten
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; DGTCM - German Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany; HSCM - Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Franconi
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Chiu JJN, Zheng Y, Lai SML, Chan WS, Yeung SKW, Bow HYC, Samartzis D, Corbet EF, Leung WK. Periodontal conditions of essential hypertension attendees to a general hospital in Hong Kong. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:259-268. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JJN Chiu
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Y Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - SML Lai
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - WS Chan
- Department of Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - SKW Yeung
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - HYC Bow
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - D Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - EF Corbet
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - WK Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder leading to loss of autonomy and a decline in quality of life. Qigong, a practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, has been positively reported on a variety of complaints of chronically ill patients and on gait imbalance in the elderly. PubMed and B-On databases were accessed during March 2018 to carry out an inventory of relevant scientific papers relating PD to Qigong. Fifteen articles were found and analyzed allowing us to highlight that: (1) in addition to medication, Qigong shows potential gains in PD management; (2) there is a stabilizing effect of motor symptoms and positive results in several frequent autonomy symptoms; (3) Qigong is highly accepted by patients, and is a cost-effective treatment that can be self-practiced, improving sleep quality, gait speed, functional mobility and quality of life, thus reducing the risk of falling; (4) Qigong improves muscle hardness, functional ability to walk, hand–eye coordination and balance. Despite the promising results, the limitations and the disparity of experimental designs of the included studies do not allow us to have a conclusive answer to the question whether Qigong benefits the management of PD or not.
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So WWY, Cai S, Yau SY, Tsang HWH. The Neurophysiological and Psychological Mechanisms of Qigong as a Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:820. [PMID: 31824346 PMCID: PMC6880657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: An increasing number of studies have shown the anti-depressive effect of qigong. However, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the mechanism of qigong in reducing depression. Method: The review process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials of qigong were searched from PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Academic Search Premier from inception to December 2018. Studies which involved depression and any neurophysiological or psychological mechanisms as outcomes were included. Publication bias was tested before conducting meta-analysis. Two independent raters were involved for the entire review process. Results: A total of nine studies were identified which covered both neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms. Among these selected studies, seven were involved in meta-analysis, which suggested that qigong was effective in alleviating depression (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.27, p < 0.05, I 2 = 27%). A significant effect was also found for diastolic blood pressure (SMD = -1.64, p < 0.05, I 2 = 31%). However, no significant effect was found for cortisol level and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: This review shows that qigong is effective in reducing depression through activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Future studies with higher quality of research methodology with less selection and attrition bias should be conducted to unravel the possible anti-depressive effect of qigong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wing Yan So
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuhe Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suk Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hector Wing Hong Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chang PS, Chao AM, Jang M, Lu YYF. Intervention fidelity in Qigong randomized controlled trials: A method review. Geriatr Nurs 2018; 40:84-90. [PMID: 30093074 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervention fidelity has important implications for the reliability and validity of a study. Despite the widely reported health benefits of Qigong exercise interventions, the quality of intervention fidelity is less clear. The purpose of this paper is to use a valid intervention fidelity assessment tool to evaluate how intervention fidelity has been addressed in five areas-design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment-in Qigong randomized controlled studies. A total of 86 articles were drawn from CINAHL, PubMed, AMED, and Scopus, and 32 were selected for the review. The adherence to intervention fidelity strategies within the intervention design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment was 0.66, 0.32, 0.22, 0.12, and 0.21, respectively. The findings suggest that intervention fidelity is inadequately implemented or reported in published Qigong studies. Developing a consistent intervention fidelity plan for Qigong interventions is needed. To this aim, we propose a treatment fidelity plan specific to Qigong research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shiun Chang
- Yale School of Nursing, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT 06457; Indiana University School of Nursing, 1033 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
| | - Ariana M Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Center for Weight and Eating Disorders at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Myoungock Jang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Yvonne Y F Lu
- Indiana University School of Nursing, 600 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Accreditation Standard Guideline Initiative for Tai Chi and Qigong Instructors and Training Institutions. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020051. [PMID: 29890675 PMCID: PMC6023434 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of the health and wellbeing benefits of Tai Chi and Qigong (TQ) have emerged in the past two decades, but TQ is underutilized in modern health care in Western countries due to lack of promotion and the availability of professionally qualified TQ instructors. To date, there are no government regulations for TQ instructors or for training institutions in China and Western countries, even though TQ is considered to be a part of Traditional Chinese medicine that has the potential to manage many chronic diseases. Based on an integrative health care approach, the accreditation standard guideline initiative for TQ instructors and training institutions was developed in collaboration with health professionals, integrative medicine academics, Tai Chi and Qigong master instructors and consumers including public safety officers from several countries, such as Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Korea, Sweden and USA. In this paper, the rationale for organizing the Medical Tai Chi and Qigong Association (MTQA) is discussed and the accreditation standard guideline for TQ instructors and training institutions developed by the committee members of MTQA is presented. The MTQA acknowledges that the proposed guidelines are broad, so that the diversity of TQ instructors and training institutions can be integrated with recognition that these guidelines can be developed with further refinement. Additionally, these guidelines face challenges in understanding the complexity of TQ associated with different principles, philosophies and schools of thought. Nonetheless, these guidelines represent a necessary first step as primary resource to serve and guide health care professionals and consumers, as well as the TQ community.
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Body Composition Outcomes of Tai Chi and Qigong Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Behav Med 2018; 25:487-501. [PMID: 29856007 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meditative movement (MM) practices are increasingly being studied, including examination of the potential for these modalities to contribute to weight management. METHODS A search was conducted for randomized controlled trials testing one or both of two forms of MM, Tai Chi and Qigong, reporting effects on changes in body composition. Data from these studies were extracted and tabled, and a meta-analysis of studies with inactive control conditions was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed, and seven RCTs had a low risk of bias. Sources of bias include publication bias and selection of English only. RESULTS Publications meeting inclusion criteria yielded 24 studies (N = 1621 participants). Significant improvements in body composition, primarily body mass index, were noted for 41.7% of studies. A synthesis table describes the distribution of design factors, including type of comparison condition (inactive vs. active) and baseline body composition status (whether or not overweight/obese). A meta-analysis was conducted on 12 studies with inactive controls (using a random effects model) finding a small-to-medium treatment effect (SMD = - 0.388, CI = [- 0.732, - 0.044], t = 2.48, p < 0.03) for TC or QG interventions with a high level of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi and Qigong show demonstrable effects on body composition, when compared to inactive control conditions. Systematic evaluation and valid conclusions regarding the impact of Tai Chi and Qigong on body composition outcomes will require more targeted study designs and control of comparison conditions.
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Yeung A, Chan JSM, Cheung JC, Zou L. Qigong and Tai-Chi for Mood Regulation. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2018; 16:40-47. [PMID: 31975898 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Qigong and Tai-Chi are traditional self-healing, self-cultivation exercises originating in ancient China. These exercises are characterized by coordinated body posture and movements, deep rhythmic breathing, meditation, and mental focus based on traditional Chinese medicine theories. Although the exact mechanisms of Qigong's and Tai-Chi's effects on physical and mental well-being are unknown, these practices may be viewed as meditative movements and share many of the healing elements observed in mindfulness meditation. Clinical studies including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that both Qigong and Tai-Chi have beneficial effects on psychological well-being and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Qigong and Tai-Chi frequently involve anchoring attention to interoceptive sensations related to breath or other parts of the body, which has been shown to enhance nonreactivity to aversive thoughts and impulses. Preliminary studies suggest that the slow movements in Qigong and Tai-Chi with slowing of breath frequency could alter the autonomic system and restore homeostasis, attenuating stress related to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and modulating the balance of the autonomic nervous system toward parasympathetic dominance. Qigong's and Tai-Chi's effects on emotion regulation could occur through changes in multiple prefrontal regions, the limbic system, and the striatum or in the expression of genes linked to inflammatory responses and stress-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Yeung
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jessie S M Chan
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Joey C Cheung
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Dr. Yeung and Ms. Cheung are with the Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Yeung is also with the South Cove Community Health Center, Boston. Dr. Chan is with the Department of Social Work and Social Administration and the Centre on Behavioral Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Dr. Zou is with the Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, and the Department of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
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Henz D, Schöllhorn WI. Temporal Courses in EEG Theta and Alpha Activity in the Dynamic Health Qigong Techniques Wu Qin Xi and Liu Zi Jue. Front Psychol 2018; 8:2291. [PMID: 29358924 PMCID: PMC5766674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Health Qigong is a common technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine applied to strengthen mental and physical health. Several studies report increases in EEG theta and alpha activity after meditative Qigong techniques indicating a relaxed state of mind. To date, little is known on the effects of dynamic Health Qigong techniques that comprise bodily movements on brain activity. In the current study, we compared effects of two dynamic Health Qigong techniques on EEG brain activity. Subjects performed the techniques Wu Qin Xi (five animals play) and Liu Zi Jue (six healing sounds) in a within-subjects design. Eyes-open and eyes-closed resting EEG was recorded before and immediately after each 15-min practice block. Additionally, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was administered at pretest, and after each 15-min practice block. Results show a decrease in alpha activity after 15 min, followed by an increase after 30 min in the Health Qigong technique Liu Zi Jue. Theta activity was decreased after 15 min, followed by an increase after 30 min in the technique Wu Qin Xi. Results of the POMS indicated an increased vigor-activity level with decreased fatigue and tension-anxiety levels in both techniques after 30 min of practice. Our results demonstrate different temporal dynamics in EEG theta and alpha activity for the Health Qigong techniques Wu Qin Xi and Liu Zi Jue. We hypothesize that the found brain activation patterns result from different attentional focusing styles and breathing techniques performed during the investigated Health Qigong techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Henz
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Lauche R, Peng W, Ferguson C, Cramer H, Frawley J, Adams J, Sibbritt D. Efficacy of Tai Chi and qigong for the prevention of stroke and stroke risk factors: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8517. [PMID: 29137055 PMCID: PMC5690748 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to summarize the evidence of Tai Chi and qigong interventions for the primary prevention of stroke, including the effects on populations with major stroke risk factors. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on January 16, 2017 using the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. Randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of Tai Chi or qigong for stroke prevention and stroke risk factors were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RESULTS Twenty-one trials with n = 1604 patients with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, overweight or obesity, or metabolic syndrome were included. No trials were found that examined the effects of Tai Chi/qigong on stroke incidence. Meta-analyses revealed significant, but not robust, benefits of Tai Chi/qigong over no interventions for hypertension (systolic blood pressure: -15.55 mm Hg (95% CI: -21.16; -9.95); diastolic blood pressure: -10.66 mm Hg (95% CI: -14.90, -6.43); the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index (-2.86%; 95% CI: -5.35, -0.38) and fasting blood glucose (-9.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.28, -1.91), and for the body mass index compared with exercise controls (-1.65 kg/m; 95% CI: -3.11, -0.20). Risk of bias was unclear or high for the majority of trials and domains, and heterogeneity between trials was high. Only 6 trials adequately reported safety. No recommendation for the use of Tai Chi/qigong for the prevention of stroke can be given. CONCLUSION Although Tai Chi and qigong show some potential more robust studies are required to provide conclusive evidence on the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi and qigong for reducing major stroke risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Cardiovascular and Chronic Care, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Cramer
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jane Frawley
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
| | - David Sibbritt
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM)
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The Effect of Three Different Meditation Exercises on Hypertension: A Network Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9784271. [PMID: 28529532 PMCID: PMC5424182 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9784271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to use the pairwise and network meta-analysis to estimate the effects of different meditation exercises on the control of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from PubMed and Embase up to June 2016, which are published in English and reported on meditation exercise for hypertensive patients. Risks of bias assessment of the included studies were assessed by Cochrane Collaboration Recommendations and network meta-analysis was performed by ADDIS. Mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect size. A number of 19 RCTs were included in this study. Results of pairwise comparisons indicated that meditation exercise could significantly decrease the SBP and DBP, compared with other interventions (MD = −7.10, 95% CI: −10.82 to −3.39; MD = −4.02, 95% CI: −6.12 to −1.92). With good consistence and convergence, network meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences between meditation and other interventions on SBP. For DBP, Qigong was significantly lower than “no intervention” (MD = −11.73, 95% CI: −19.85 to −3.69). Qigong may be the optimal exercise way in lowering SBP and DBP of hypertensive patients, but a detailed long-term clinical research should be needed in the future.
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Liu P, You J, Loo WTY, Sun Y, He Y, Sit H, Jia L, Wong M, Xia Z, Zheng X, Wang Z, Wang N, Lao L, Chen J. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The efficacy of Guolin-Qigong on the body-mind health of Chinese women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:2321-2331. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Henz D, Schöllhorn WI. EEG Brain Activity in Dynamic Health Qigong Training: Same Effects for Mental Practice and Physical Training? Front Psychol 2017; 8:154. [PMID: 28223957 PMCID: PMC5293832 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant uptake of meditation and related relaxation techniques, as a means of alleviating stress and fostering an attentive mind. Several electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have reported changes in spectral band frequencies during Qigong meditation indicating a relaxed state. Much less is reported on effects of brain activation patterns induced by Qigong techniques involving bodily movement. In this study, we tested whether (1) physical Qigong training alters EEG theta and alpha activation, and (2) mental practice induces the same effect as a physical Qigong training. Subjects performed the dynamic Health Qigong technique Wu Qin Xi (five animals) physically and by mental practice in a within-subjects design. Experimental conditions were randomized. Two 2-min (eyes-open, eyes-closed) EEG sequences under resting conditions were recorded before and immediately after each 15-min exercise. Analyses of variance were performed for spectral power density data. Increased alpha power was found in posterior regions in mental practice and physical training for eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Theta power was increased after mental practice in central areas in eyes-open conditions, decreased in fronto-central areas in eyes-closed conditions. Results suggest that mental, as well as physical Qigong training, increases alpha activity and therefore induces a relaxed state of mind. The observed differences in theta activity indicate different attentional processes in physical and mental Qigong training. No difference in theta activity was obtained in physical and mental Qigong training for eyes-open and eyes-closed resting state. In contrast, mental practice of Qigong entails a high degree of internalized attention that correlates with theta activity, and that is dependent on eyes-open and eyes-closed resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Henz
- Institute of Sports Science, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Chen X, Arifin WN, Draman N, Wan-Arfah N, Ajalal MI, Chen HH, Naing NN. A placebo-controlled trial of ‘one-minute qigong exercise' on the reduction of blood pressure among patients with essential hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/fct.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwee Chen
- Department of Community Medicine; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
- Population Health and Preventive Medicine Discipline; Faculty of Medicine; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Batu Caves Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan N Arifin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nani Draman
- Department of Family Medicine; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Wan-Arfah
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad I Ajalal
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Han H Chen
- Mi Tzong Qigong Association; 18-3 3rd Mile Square Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nyi N Naing
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology; School of Medical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
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Wang XQ, Pi YL, Chen PJ, Liu Y, Wang R, Li X, Chen BL, Zhu Y, Yang YJ, Niu ZB. Traditional Chinese Exercise for Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002562. [PMID: 26961239 PMCID: PMC4943241 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has widespread use for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease; however, there appears to be no consensus about the benefits of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results Relevant studies were searched by PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We covered only published articles with randomized controlled trials. The outcome measures included physiological outcomes, biochemical outcomes, physical function, quality of life, and depression. A total of 35 articles with 2249 cardiovascular disease patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The pooling revealed that TCE could decrease systolic blood pressure by 9.12 mm Hg (95% CI −16.38 to −1.86, P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure by 5.12 mm Hg (95% CI −7.71 to −2.52, P<0.001). Patients performing TCE also found benefits compared with those in the control group in terms of triglyceride (standardized mean difference −0.33, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.09, P=0.006), 6‐minute walk test (mean difference 59.58 m, 95% CI −153.13 to 269.93, P=0.03), Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire results (mean difference −17.08, 95% CI −23.74 to −10.41, P<0.001), 36‐Item Short Form physical function scale (mean difference 0.82, 95% CI 0.32–1.33, P=0.001), and Profile of Mood States depression scale (mean difference −3.02, 95% CI −3.50 to −2.53, P<0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that TCE can effectively improve physiological outcomes, biochemical outcomes, physical function, quality of life, and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease. More high‐quality randomized controlled trials on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Pi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Lin Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Therapy Center, Hainan Province Nongken General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Second School of Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan-Bin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Hung HM, Yeh SH, Chen CH. Effects of Qigong Exercise on Biomarkers and Mental and Physical Health in Adults With at Least One Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:264-73. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415617017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current medical technology permits the early detection of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults, and interventions are available to prevent CAD-related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Qigong exercise intervention in improving biomarker levels and mental and physical health outcomes in community-dwelling adults diagnosed with CAD risk factors, in a southern Taiwanese city. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 84) group that participated in a 60-min Qigong group session 3 times per week for 3 months or a control ( n = 61) group that did not receive the intervention. Self-perceived mental and physical health assessed with the Chinese Health Questionnaire-12, and body fat percentage were measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks for analysis of lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma sugar. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that experimental participants had significantly improved perceived mental and physical health and body fat percentage compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks but not 16 weeks. The lipid profiles were significantly more improved in the Qigong group than in the control group at 12 weeks. Qigong exercise, however, had no significant effects on hs-CRP, HbA1c, or fasting plasma sugar. Findings suggest that Qigong exercise improves a limited number of CAD risk factors in community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Man Hung
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Yeh
- Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hey Chen
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Effect of traditional Chinese exercise on the quality of life and depression for chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15913. [PMID: 26525282 PMCID: PMC4630632 DOI: 10.1038/srep15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has many uses in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. However, there is no consensus regarding the benefit of TCE for chronic diseases. Our objective is to examine the effect of TCE on the quality of life and depression for chronic diseases by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We only cover published RCTs. The outcome measures included quality of life and depression. Sixty articles with a total of 4311 patients were included. The pooling revealed that TCE could improve the SF-36 physical function subscale in the short term [SMD (95% CI) = 0.35 (0.13, 0.56), P = 0.002] and mid-term [SMD (95% CI) = 0.49 (0.12, 0.85), P = 0.009], GHQ [SMD (95% CI) = −0.68 (−1.26, −0.09), P = 0.02], the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale in the short term [SMD (95% CI) = −0.86 (−1.42, −0.31), P = 0.002] and mid-term [SMD (95% CI) = −0.41 (−0.64, −0.18), P < 0.001]. The meta-analysis of RCT demonstrates that TCE can significantly improve the quality of life and depression of patients with chronic diseases. These findings provide useful information for patients with chronic diseases as well as for medical staff.
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Liu X, Clark J, Siskind D, Williams GM, Byrne G, Yang JL, Doi SA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Qigong and Tai Chi for depressive symptoms. Complement Ther Med 2015; 23:516-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Qigong as a Traditional Vegetative Biofeedback Therapy: Long-Term Conditioning of Physiological Mind-Body Effects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:531789. [PMID: 26137485 PMCID: PMC4475564 DOI: 10.1155/2015/531789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A contemporary understanding of Chinese Medicine (CM) regards CM diagnosis as a functional vegetative state that may be treated by vegetative reflex therapies such as acupuncture. Within this context, traditional mind-body exercises such as Qigong can be understood as an attempt to enhance physiological proprioception, by combining a special state of “awareness” with posture, movement, and breath control. We have formerly trained young auditing flutists in “White Ball” Qigong to minimize anxiety-induced cold hands and lower anxiety-induced heart rate. Functional changes occurred 2–5 min after training and were observed over the whole training program, allowing the children to control their symptoms. In our current work, we report that warm fingers and calm hearts could be induced by the children even without Qigong exercises. Thus, these positive changes once induced and “conditioned” vegetatively were stable after weeks of training. This may show the mechanism by which Qigong acts as a therapeutic measure in disease: positive vegetative pathways may be activated instead of dysfunctional functional patterns. The positive vegetative patterns then may be available in critical stressful situations. Qigong exercise programs may therefore be understood as an ancient vegetative biofeedback exercise inducing positive vegetative functions which are added to the individual reactive repertoire.
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Xiong X. Integrating traditional Chinese medicine into Western cardiovascular medicine: an evidence-based approach. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12:374. [PMID: 25917150 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.177-c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5#, Xicheng District, 100053 Beijing, China
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36
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Snowden MB, Steinman LE, Carlson WL, Mochan KN, Abraido-Lanza AF, Bryant LL, Duffy M, Knight BG, Jeste DV, Leith KH, Lenze EJ, Logsdon RG, Satariano WA, Zweiback DJ, Anderson LA. Effect of physical activity, social support, and skills training on late-life emotional health: a systematic literature review and implications for public health research. Front Public Health 2015; 2:213. [PMID: 25964921 PMCID: PMC4410348 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Given that emotional health is a critical component of healthy aging, we undertook a systematic literature review to assess whether current interventions can positively affect older adults' emotional health. METHODS A national panel of health services and mental health researchers guided the review. Eligibility criteria included community-dwelling older adult (aged ≥ 50 years) samples, reproducible interventions, and emotional health outcomes, which included multiple domains and both positive (well-being) and illness-related (anxiety) dimensions. This review focused on three types of interventions - physical activity, social support, and skills training - given their public health significance and large number of studies identified. Panel members evaluated the strength of evidence (quality and effectiveness). RESULTS In all, 292 articles met inclusion criteria. These included 83 exercise/physical activity, 25 social support, and 40 skills training interventions. For evidence rating, these 148 interventions were categorized into 64 pairings by intervention type and emotional health outcome, e.g., strength training targeting loneliness or social support to address mood. 83% of these pairings were rated at least fair quality. Expert panelists found sufficient evidence of effectiveness only for skills training interventions with health outcomes of decreasing anxiety and improving quality of life and self-efficacy. Due to limitations in reviewed studies, many intervention-outcome pairings yielded insufficient evidence. CONCLUSION Skills training interventions improved several aspects of emotional health in community-dwelling older adults, while the effects for other outcomes and interventions lacked clear evidence. We discuss the implications and challenges in moving forward in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Snowden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lesley E. Steinman
- Health Promotion Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Whitney L. Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kara N. Mochan
- University of Washington School of Nursing with Environmental Health Focus, Seattle, WA, USA
- Adolescent Medicine, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana F. Abraido-Lanza
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucinda L. Bryant
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Duffy
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling Psychology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bob G. Knight
- Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric J. Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca G. Logsdon
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Damita J. Zweiback
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI, USA
- Healthy Aging Council and Health Equity Council, National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynda A. Anderson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of qigong for hypertension.A systematic literature search was performed in 7 databases from their respective inceptions until April 2014, including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Randomized controlled trials of qigong as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with antihypertensive drugs versus no intervention, exercise, or antihypertensive drugs for hypertension were identified. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool described in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, version 5.1.0.Twenty trials containing 2349 hypertensive patients were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was generally high. Compared with no intervention, qigong significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -17.40 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -21.06 to -13.74, P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD = -10.15 mm Hg, 95% CI -13.99 to -6.30, P < 0.00001). Qigong was inferior to exercise in decreasing SBP (WMD = 6.51 mm Hg, 95% CI 2.81 to 10.21, P = 0.0006), but no significant difference between the effects of qigong and exercise on DBP (WMD = 0.67 mm Hg, 95% CI -1.39 to 2.73, P = 0.52) was identified. Compared with antihypertensive drugs, qigong produced a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant reduction in SBP (WMD = -7.91 mm Hg, 95% CI -16.81 to 1.00, P = 0.08), but appeared to be more effective in lowering DBP (WMD = -6.08 mm Hg, 95% CI -9.58 to -2.58, P = 0.0007). Qigong plus antihypertensive drugs significantly lowered both SBP (WMD = -11.99 mm Hg, 95% CI -15.59 to -8.39, P < 0.00001) and DBP (WMD = -5.28 mm Hg, 95% CI, -8.13 to -2.42, P = 0.0003) compared with antihypertensive drugs alone. No serious adverse events were reported.The meta-analysis suggests that qigong is an effective therapy for hypertension. However, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up focusing on hard clinical outcomes are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Xiong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (XX); Bio-organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA (XL); Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (PW), Beijing, China; Bio-organic and Natural Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA; and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (YZ)
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Liu W, Schaffer L, Herrs N, Chollet C, Taylor S. Improved sleep after Qigong exercise in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2015; 2:232-239. [PMID: 27981118 PMCID: PMC5123500 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.170537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sleep disorder and fatigue are among a few major concerns of breast cancer survivors across the survivorship trajectory. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine feasibility and trends in multiple outcomes after a 6-week Qigong exercise program in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Eight female adults (mean age 55.4 ± 9.4 years, mean time after the completion of cancer treatment 3.9 ± 5.7 years) who had a diagnosis of breast cancer and were at least 3 months postcompletion of primary cancer treatment prior to participation in this study. Baseline evaluation was administered using subjective questionnaires on sleep quality, insomnia, fatigue, and quality of life. All subjects participated in two training sessions to learn the “Six Healing Sound” Qigong exercise and attended group Qigong sessions once per week in the following 6 weeks. In addition to the group sessions, subjects were asked to perform the Qigong exercises twice at home right before going to bed in the evening and immediately after getting up in the morning. Following the 6-week intervention, subjects were re-assessed using the same questionnaires. Pre- and post-intervention scores were analyzed for statistical significance. Results: Compliance rate was 89.6% for group sessions and 78.5% (ranging from 65.6% to 90.7%) for daily home Qigong exercises. No participant reported any adverse event or side effect during the study. All participants indicated in the end-intervention questionnaire that they would highly recommend the intervention to others. Significant improvements were observed in sleeping quality score (from 10.3 ± 3.6 to 5.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.01), insomnia index score (from 16.2 ± 3.2 to 6.8 ± 4.8, P < 0.01), fatigue score (from 60.3 ± 9.4 to 49.1 ± 8.6, P < 0.01), and SF-36 score (from 66.8 ± 7.7 to 80.9 ± 3.9, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this single arm pilot study showed the feasibility and potential of “Six Healing Sounds” Qigong exercise for improving sleep and other symptoms in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lauren Schaffer
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Natalie Herrs
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christine Chollet
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Tiwari A, Chan CLW, Ho RTH, Tsao GSW, Deng W, Hong AWL, Fong DYT, Fung HYKY, Shin Pang EP, Cheung DST, Ma JLC. Effect of a qigong intervention program on telomerase activity and psychological stress in abused Chinese women: a randomized, wait-list controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:300. [PMID: 25127878 PMCID: PMC4138386 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abused women, who suffer from chronic psychological stress, have been shown to have shorter telomeres than never abused women. Telomere shortening is associated with increased risk of cell death, and it is believed that adopting health-promoting behaviors can help to increase the activity of telomerase, an enzyme that counters telomere shortening. Qigong is an ancient Chinese mind-body integration, health-oriented practice designed to enhance the function of qi, an energy that sustains well-being. Therefore, an assessor-blind, randomized, wait-list controlled trial was developed to evaluate the effect of a qigong intervention on telomerase activity (primary objective) and proinflammatory cytokines, perceived stress, perceived coping, and depressive symptoms (secondary objectives) in abused Chinese women. METHODS/DESIGN A total of 240 Chinese women, aged ≥ 18 years, who have been abused by an intimate partner within the past three years will be recruited from a community setting in Hong Kong and randomized to receive either a qigong intervention or wait-list control condition as follows: the qigong intervention will comprise (i) a 2-hour group qigong training session twice a week for 6 weeks, (ii) a 1-hour follow-up group qigong exercise session once a week for 4 months, and (iii) a 30-minute self-practice qigong exercise session once a day for 5.5 months. The wait-list control group will receive qigong training after the intervention group completes the program. Upon completion of the qigong intervention program, it is expected that abused Chinese women in the intervention group will have higher levels of telomerase activity and perceived coping and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms than will abused Chinese women in the wait-list control group. DISCUSSION This study will provide information about the effect of qigong exercise on telomerase activity and chronic psychological stress in abused Chinese women. The findings will inform the design of interventions to relieve the effects of IPV-related psychological stress on health. Also, the concept that health-promoting behaviors could slow down cellular aging might even motivate abused women to change their lifestyles. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials NCT02060123. Registered February 6, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Tiwari
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cecilia Lai Wan Chan
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rainbow Tin Hung Ho
- />Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, The Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong, Room 534, Jockey Club Tower, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George Sai Wah Tsao
- />Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wen Deng
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Athena Wai Lin Hong
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Emily Pei Shin Pang
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Denise Shuk Ting Cheung
- />School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce Lai Chong Ma
- />Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Level 4&5, T.C. Cheng Building, United College, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
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Larkey LK, Vega-López S, Keller C, McClain D, Ainsworth B, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Smith L, Jeong M. A biobehavioral model of weight loss associated with meditative movement practice among breast cancer survivors. Health Psychol Open 2014; 1:2055102914565495. [PMID: 28070347 PMCID: PMC5193257 DOI: 10.1177/2055102914565495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with breast cancer often experience weight gain during and after treatment, significantly increasing risk for recurrence as well as all-cause mortality. Based on a growing body of evidence, meditative movement practices may be effective for weight management. First, we describe the effects of stress on factors associated with weight gain for breast cancer survivors. Then, a model is proposed that utilizes existing evidence to suggest how meditative movement supports behavioral, psychological, and neurohormonal changes that may explain weight loss. Application of the model suggests how a novel "mindful-body-wisdom" approach may work to help reduce weight for this at-risk group.
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Wang J, Xiong X, Liu W. Chinese patent medicine tongxinluo capsule for hypertension: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:187979. [PMID: 24693319 PMCID: PMC3947843 DOI: 10.1155/2014/187979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule for hypertension. Search Strategy. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, The PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data started from the first of database to October 28, 2013. No language restriction was applied. We included randomized clinical trials testing Tongxinluo capsule against western medicine, Tongxinluo capsule versus placebo, and Tongxinluo capsule combined with western medicine versus western medicine. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards. Results. 25 trials with 1958 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low. The blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of Tongxinluo capsule plus western medicine was significantly higher than that of western medicine (systolic blood pressure (SBP): -3.87, -5.32 to -2.41, P < 0.00001; and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): -2.72, -4.19 to -1.24, P = 0.0003). The BP also decreased significantly from baseline with Tongxinluo capsule than placebo (SBP: -9.40, -10.90 to -7.90, P < 0.00001; and DBP: -11.80, -12.40 to -11.20, P < 0.00001) or western medicine (SBP: -3.90, -4.93 to -2.87, P < 0.00001; and DBP: -3.70, -3.83 to -3.57, P < 0.00001). 12 trials reported adverse events without details. Conclusions. There is some but weak evidence about the effectiveness of TXL in treating patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange No. 5, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange No. 5, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange No. 5, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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Tsang HWH, Tsang WWN, Jones AYM, Fung KMT, Chan AHL, Chan EP, Au DWH. Psycho-physical and neurophysiological effects of qigong on depressed elders with chronic illness. Aging Ment Health 2013; 17:336-48. [PMID: 23072658 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.732035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial examined the psychological, physical, and neurophysiological effects of a qigong exercise program on depressed elders with chronic medical illness. The experimental group (n = 21, 80 ± 7 years) was given a 12-week qigong exercise program, while the comparison group (n = 17, 81 ± 8 years) participated in a newspaper reading program with the same duration and frequency. Measurement of depression symptoms, psychosocial functioning, muscle strengths, salivary cortisol, and serum serotonin was conducted. At 12 weeks, the qigong group had significant reduction in depressive symptoms (F = 11.68; p < 0.025). Improvement in self-efficacy (F = 4.30; p < 0.050), self-concept of physical well-being (F = 6.82; p < 0.025), and right-hand grip strength (F = 5.25; p = 0.034) was also found when compared with the comparison group. A change in salivary cortisol level was found marginally insignificant between groups (F = 3.16; p = 0.087). However, a decreasing trend of cortisol level was observed. The results provided preliminary evidence for the hypotheses that the antidepressive effect of qigong exercise could be explained by improvement in psychosocial functioning and possibly down-regulation of hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector W H Tsang
- Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Chan JSM, Ho RTH, Wang CW, Yuen LP, Sham JST, Chan CLW. Effects of qigong exercise on fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness: a randomized controlled trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:485341. [PMID: 23983785 PMCID: PMC3747479 DOI: 10.1155/2013/485341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Anxiety/depressive symptoms are common in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome- (CFS-) like illness. Qigong as a modality of complementary and alternative therapy has been increasingly applied by patients with chronic illnesses, but little is known about the effect of Qigong on anxiety/depressive symptoms of the patients with CFS-like illness. Purpose. To investigate the effects of Qigong on fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in patients with CFS-illness. Methods. One hundred and thirty-seven participants who met the diagnostic criteria for CFS-like illness were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a waitlist control group. Participants in the intervention group received 10 sessions of Qigong training twice a week for 5 consecutive weeks, followed by home-based practice for 12 weeks. Fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Results. Total fatigue score [F(1,135) = 13.888, P < 0.001], physical fatigue score [F(1,135) = 20.852, P < 0.001] and depression score [F(1,135) = 9.918, P = 0.002] were significantly improved and mental fatigue score [F(1,135) = 3.902, P = 0.050] was marginally significantly improved in the Qigong group compared to controls. The anxiety score was not significantly improved in the Qigong group. Conclusion. Qigong may not only reduce the fatigue symptoms, but also has antidepressive effect for patients with CFS-like illness. Trial registration HKCTR-1200.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainbow T. H. Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chong-wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Ping Yuen
- International Association for Health and Yangsheng, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan S. T. Sham
- Department of Clinical Onchology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cecilia L. W. Chan
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tappia PS, Xu YJ, Dhalla NS. Reduction of cholesterol and other cardiovascular disease risk factors by alternative therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The effect of qigong on depressive and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:716094. [PMID: 23762156 PMCID: PMC3671670 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate clinical trial evidence of the effectiveness of qigong exercise on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods. Thirteen databases were searched from their respective inception through December 2012. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Effects of qigong across trials were pooled. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for the pooled effects. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Study quality was evaluated using the Wayne Checklist.
Results. Twelve RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analyses suggested a beneficial effect of qigong exercise on depressive symptoms when compared to waiting-list controls or usual care only (SMD = −0.75; 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.06), group newspaper reading (SMD = −1.24; 95% CI, −1.64 to −0.84), and walking or conventional exercise (SMD = −0.52; 95% CI, −0.85 to −0.19), which might be comparable to that of cognitive-behavioral therapy (P = 0.54). Available evidence did not suggest a beneficial effect of qigong exercise on anxiety symptoms. Conclusion. Qigong may be potentially beneficial for management of depressive symptoms, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of RCTs and associated methodological weaknesses. Further rigorously designed RCTs are warranted.
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Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Explore (NY) 2013; 9:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comprehensive Approach to Lower Blood Pressure (CALM-BP): a randomized controlled trial of a multifactorial lifestyle intervention. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:594-600. [PMID: 23595161 PMCID: PMC3775127 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complementary medicine advocates the use of a multifactorial approach to address the varied aspects of hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the blood pressure (BP) effect and medication use of a novel Comprehensive Approach to Lowering Measured Blood Pressure (CALM-BP), based on complementary medicine principles, with the standard recommended Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH). A total of 113 patients treated with antihypertensive drugs were randomly assigned to either CALM-BP treatment (consisting of rice diet, walks, yoga, relaxation and stress management) or to a DASH+exercise control group (consisting of DASH and walks). Ambulatory 24-h and home BP were monitored over a 16-week programme, followed by 6 months of maintenance period. Medications were reduced if systolic BP dropped below 110 mm Hg accompanied by symptoms. In addition to BP reduction, medications were reduced because of symptomatic hypotension in 70.7% of the CALM-BP group compared with 32.7% in the DASH group, P<0.0001. After 6 months, medication status was not altered in the majority of individuals. Significant reductions in body mass index, cholesterol and improved quality-of-life scores were observed only in the CALM-BP group. Lifestyle and diet modifications based on complementary medicine principles are highly effective with respect to BP control, medication use and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Effects of qigong on depression: a systemic review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:134737. [PMID: 23533461 PMCID: PMC3603628 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercises and relaxation have been found to be beneficial for depression. However, there is little evidence on the use of Qigong, a mind-body practice integrating gentle exercise and relaxation, in the management of depression. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Qigong on depression. The paper examined clinical trials measuring the effect of Qigong on depression within six large-scale medical research databases (PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, Science Direct, EMBASE, and PsycInfo) till October 2011. Key words “Qigong,” “depression,” and “mood” were used. Ten studies were identified as original randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies investigating the effect of Qigong on depression as primary (n = 2) or secondary outcome (n = 8). Four studies reported positive results of the Qigong treatment on depression; two reported that Qigong effect on depression was as effective as physical exercise. One study reported that Qigong was comparable to a conventional rehabilitation program, but the remaining three studies found no benefits of Qigong on depression. While the evidence suggests the potential effects of Qigong in the treatment of depression, the review of the literature shows inconclusive results. Further research using rigorous study designs is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of Qigong in depression.
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The effects of qigong on anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:152738. [PMID: 23401706 PMCID: PMC3557628 DOI: 10.1155/2013/152738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The effect of Qigong on psychological well-being is relatively unknown. This study systematically reviewed the effects of Qigong on anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being. Methods. Using fifteen studies published between 2001 and 2011, a systematic review was carried out and meta-analyses were performed on studies with appropriate homogeneity. The quality of the outcome measures was also assessed. Results. We categorized these studies into three groups based on the type of subjects involved as follows: (1) healthy subjects, (2) subjects with chronic illnesses, and (3) subjects with depression. Based on the heterogeneity assessment of available studies, meta-analyses were conducted in three studies of patients with type II diabetes in the second group, which suggested that Qigong was effective in reducing depression (ES = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.58–0.00) and anxiety (ES = −0.37; 95% CI, −0.66–0.08), as measured by Symptom Checklist 90, and in improving psychological well-being (ES = −0.58; 95% CI, −0.91–0.25) as measured by Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale. Overall, the quality of research methodology of existing studies was poor. Conclusions. Preliminary evidence suggests that Gigong may have positive effects on psychological well-being among patients with chronic illnesses. However the published studies generally had significant methodological limitations. More high-quality studies are needed.
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Freire MDM, Alves C. Therapeutic Chinese exercises (Qigong) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013; 7:56-59. [PMID: 23517799 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Complementary and alternative medicines have been increasingly used as a co adjuvant treatment of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. However, very little is known, especially in western countries, about its effects in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this review was to summarize and critically evaluate clinical evidences regarding the effect of Chinese therapeutic exercises (Qigong) in the treatment of T2DM. METHODS A systematic literature review, from January 1992 up to July 2011, searched articles indexed in the MEDLINE, LILACS and QIGONG databases, published in English and Portuguese. Terms combined in a Boolean search were "Qigong", "Chikung" "qi-gong" "diabetes" and "glycemic control". Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane criteria. RESULTS Out of 30 English written articles, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. Their results suggested favorable effects of Qigong in reducing C-peptide and fasting blood glucose levels in addition of improving insulin resistance and glycosilated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS The few studies, written in English, available on this subject had a somewhat limited methodological quality preventing definitive conclusions about the efficacy of Qigong Chinese exercises in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a need of large randomized clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of this modality of therapy, as well as the need for more research papers written in English in order to disseminate and expand the potential benefit of this therapy in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantas Moraes Freire
- Post-Graduation Program in Interactive Process of Organs and Systems, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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