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Zahn G, Baukmann HA, Wu J, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL, Dirckx N, Schmidt MF. Targeting Longevity Gene SLC13A5: A Novel Approach to Prevent Age-Related Bone Fragility and Osteoporosis. Metabolites 2023; 13:1186. [PMID: 38132868 PMCID: PMC10744747 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of the plasma membrane citrate transporter SLC13A5, also known as INDY, has been linked to increased longevity and mitigated age-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Citrate, a vital component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, constitutes 1-5% of bone weight, binding to mineral apatite surfaces. Our previous research highlighted osteoblasts' specialized metabolic pathway facilitated by SLC13A5 regulating citrate uptake, production, and deposition within bones. Disrupting this pathway impairs bone mineralization in young mice. New Mendelian randomization analysis using UK Biobank data indicated that SNPs linked to reduced SLC13A5 function lowered osteoporosis risk. Comparative studies of young (10 weeks) and middle-aged (52 weeks) osteocalcin-cre-driven osteoblast-specific Slc13a5 knockout mice (Slc13a5cKO) showed a sexual dimorphism: while middle-aged females exhibited improved elasticity, middle-aged males demonstrated enhanced bone strength due to reduced SLC13A5 function. These findings suggest reduced SLC13A5 function could attenuate age-related bone fragility, advocating for SLC13A5 inhibition as a potential osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Zahn
- Eternygen GmbH, Westhafenstrasse 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jasmine Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jens Jordan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology and Nephrology, Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, Life Sciences and Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marco F. Schmidt
- biotx.ai GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.F.S.)
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Tobin JD, Robinson CN, Luttrell-Williams ES, Landry GM, Dwyer D, McMartin KE. Role of plasma membrane dicarboxylate transporters in the uptake and toxicity of diglycolic acid, a metabolite of diethylene glycol, in human proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:1-12. [PMID: 36087010 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diethylene glycol (DEG) mass poisonings have resulted from ingestion of pharmaceuticals mistakenly adulterated with DEG, typically leading to proximal tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury. The metabolite, diglycolic acid (DGA) accumulates greatly in kidney tissue and its direct administration results in toxicity identical to that in DEG-treated rats. DGA is a dicarboxylic acid, similar in structure to metabolites like succinate. These studies have assessed the mechanism for cellular accumulation of DGA, specifically whether DGA is taken into primary cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells via sodium dicarboxylate transporters (NaDC-1 or NaDC-3) like those responsible for succinate uptake. When HPT cells were cultured on membrane inserts, sodium dependent succinate uptake was observed from both apical and basolateral directions. Pretreatment with the NaDC-1 inhibitor N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA) markedly reduced apical uptakes of both succinate and DGA. Basolateral uptake of both succinate and DGA were decreased similarly following combined treatment with ACA and the NaDC-3 inhibitor 2,3-dimethylsuccinate. When the cells were pre-treated with siRNA to knockdown NaDC-1 function, apical uptake of succinate and toxicity of apically applied DGA were reduced, while the reduction in basolateral succinate uptake and basolateral DGA toxicity was marginal with NaDC-3 knockdown. DGA reduced apical uptake of succinate, but not basolateral uptake. This study confirmed that primary HPT cells retain sodium dicarboxylate transport functionality and that DGA was taken up by these transporters. This study identified NaDC-1 as a likely and NaDC-3 as a possible molecular target to reduce uptake of this toxic metabolite by the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
| | - Corie N Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
| | - Elliot S Luttrell-Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
| | - Greg M Landry
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
| | - Donard Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
| | - Kenneth E McMartin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport, Louisiana, 71130
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Jo HA, Yang SH, Kim DK. The authors reply. Kidney Int 2021; 100:707-708. [PMID: 34420661 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ah Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Department of Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Borza DB. Fumarate in membranous nephropathy: more questions than answers. Kidney Int 2021; 100:707. [PMID: 34420662 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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5
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Ganesan C, Pao AC. Urine oxalate and citrate excretion in patients with kidney stone disease: An ab initio clinical prediction. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14966. [PMID: 34337888 PMCID: PMC8326889 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Calyani Ganesan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alan C Pao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Hazelhoff MH, Bulacio RP, Torres AM. Trimetazidine Protects from Mercury-Induced Kidney Injury. Pharmacology 2021; 106:332-340. [PMID: 33849026 DOI: 10.1159/000514843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of mercury in the environment is a worldwide concern. Inorganic mercury is present in industrial materials, is employed in medical devices, is widely used in batteries, is a component of fluorescent light bulbs, and it has been associated with human poisoning in gold mining areas. The nephrotoxicity induced by inorganic mercury is a relevant health problem mainly in developing countries. The primary mechanism of mercury toxicity is oxidative stress. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic drug, which inhibits cellular oxidative stress, eliminates oxygen-free radicals, and improves lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of TMZ protects against mercuric chloride (HgCl2) kidney damage. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received only HgCl2 (4 mg/kg bw, sc) (Hg group, n = 5) or TMZ (3 mg/kg bw, ip) 30 min before HgCl2 administration (4 mg/kg bw, sc) (TMZHg group, n = 7). Simultaneously, a control group of rats (n = 4) was studied. After 4 days of HgCl2 injection, urinary flow, urea and creatinine (Cr) plasma levels, Cr clearance, urinary glucose, and sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1) in urine were determined. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in kidney homogenates. RESULTS Rats only treated with HgCl2 showed an increase in urea and Cr plasma levels, urinary flow, fractional excretion of water, glucosuria, and NaDC1 urinary excretion as compared with the control group and a decrease in Cr clearance. TMZHg group showed a decrease in urea and Cr plasma levels, urinary flow, fractional excretion of water, glucosuria, NaDC1 urinary excretion, and an increase in Cr clearance when compared to the Hg group. Moreover, MDA and GSH levels observed in Hg groups were decreased and increased, respectively, by TMZ pretreatment. CONCLUSION TMZ exerted a renoprotective action against HgCl2-induced renal injury, which might be mediated by the reduction of oxidative stress. Considering the absence of toxicity of TMZ, its clinical application against oxidative damage due to HgCl2-induced renal injury should be considered. The fact that TMZ is commercially available should simplify and accelerate the translation of the present data "from bench to bedside." In this context, TMZ become an interesting new example of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Herminia Hazelhoff
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Romina Paula Bulacio
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana Monica Torres
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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Schumann T, König J, Henke C, Willmes DM, Bornstein SR, Jordan J, Fromm MF, Birkenfeld AL. Solute Carrier Transporters as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:343-379. [PMID: 31882442 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily comprises more than 400 transport proteins mediating the influx and efflux of substances such as ions, nucleotides, and sugars across biological membranes. Over 80 SLC transporters have been linked to human diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This observation highlights the importance of SLCs for human (patho)physiology. Yet, only a small number of SLC proteins are validated drug targets. The most recent drug class approved for the treatment of T2D targets sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, product of the SLC5A2 gene. There is great interest in identifying other SLC transporters as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Finding better treatments will prove essential in future years, given the enormous personal and socioeconomic burden posed by more than 500 million patients with T2D by 2040 worldwide. In this review, we summarize the evidence for SLC transporters as target structures in metabolic disease. To this end, we identified SLC13A5/sodium-coupled citrate transporter, and recent proof-of-concept studies confirm its therapeutic potential in T2D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further SLC transporters were linked in multiple genome-wide association studies to T2D or related metabolic disorders. In addition to presenting better-characterized potential therapeutic targets, we discuss the likely unnoticed link between other SLC transporters and metabolic disease. Recognition of their potential may promote research on these proteins for future medical management of human metabolic diseases such as obesity, fatty liver disease, and T2D. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Given the fact that the prevalence of human metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has dramatically risen, pharmacological intervention will be a key future approach to managing their burden and reducing mortality. In this review, we present the evidence for solute carrier (SLC) genes associated with human metabolic diseases and discuss the potential of SLC transporters as therapeutic target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jörg König
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jens Jordan
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Lan Y, Li X, Luo L, Duan X, Lei M, Liu G, Yang Z, Mai X, Sun Y, Wang L, Lu S, Ou L, Wu W, Mai Z, Zhong D, Cai C, Zhao Z, Zhong W, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zeng G. Dietary vinegar prevents kidney stone recurrence via epigenetic regulations. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:231-250. [PMID: 31202812 PMCID: PMC6642359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence of over 9000 people suggests that daily intake of vinegar whose principal bioactive component is acetic acid is associated with a reduced risk of nephrolithiasis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. METHODS We examined the in vitro and in vivo anti-nephrolithiasis effects of vinegar and acetate. A randomized study was performed to confirm the effects of vinegar in humans. FINDINGS We found individuals with daily consumption of vinegar compared to those without have a higher citrate and a lower calcium excretion in urine, two critical molecules for calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone in humans. We observed that oral administration of vinegar or 5% acetate increased citrate and reduced calcium in urinary excretion, and finally suppressed renal CaOx crystal formation in a rat model. Mechanism dissection suggested that acetate enhanced acetylation of Histone H3 in renal tubular cells and promoted expression of microRNAs-130a-3p, -148b-3p and -374b-5p by increasing H3K9, H3K27 acetylation at their promoter regions. These miRNAs can suppress the expression of Nadc1 and Cldn14, thus enhancing urinary citrate excretion and reducing urinary calcium excretion. Significantly these mechanistic findings were confirmed in human kidney tissues, suggesting similar mechanistic relationships exist in humans. Results from a pilot clinical study indicated that daily intake of vinegar reduced stone recurrence, increased citrate and reduced calcium in urinary excretion in CaOx stone formers without adverse side effects. INTERPRETATION Vinegar prevents renal CaOx crystal formation through influencing urinary citrate and calcium excretion via epigenetic regulations. Vinegar consumption is a promising strategy to prevent CaOx nephrolithiasis occurrence and recurrence. FUND: National Natural Science Foundations of China and National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanzhao Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Mai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Suilin Lu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Ou
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zanlin Mai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongliang Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14646, NY, USA.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Khamaysi A, Anbtawee-Jomaa S, Fremder M, Eini-Rider H, Shimshilashvili L, Aharon S, Aizenshtein E, Shlomi T, Noguchi A, Springer D, Moe OW, Shcheynikov N, Muallem S, Ohana E. Systemic Succinate Homeostasis and Local Succinate Signaling Affect Blood Pressure and Modify Risks for Calcium Oxalate Lithogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:381-392. [PMID: 30728179 PMCID: PMC6405146 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the kidney, low urinary citrate increases the risk for developing kidney stones, and elevation of luminal succinate in the juxtaglomerular apparatus increases renin secretion, causing hypertension. Although the association between stone formation and hypertension is well established, the molecular mechanism linking these pathophysiologies has been elusive. METHODS To investigate the relationship between succinate and citrate/oxalate levels, we assessed blood and urine levels of metabolites, renal protein expression, and BP (using 24-hour telemetric monitoring) in male mice lacking slc26a6 (a transporter that inhibits the succinate transporter NaDC-1 to control citrate absorption from the urinary lumen). We also explored the mechanism underlying this metabolic association, using coimmunoprecipitation, electrophysiologic measurements, and flux assays to study protein interaction and transport activity. RESULTS Compared with control mice, slc26a6-/- mice (previously shown to have low urinary citrate and to develop calcium oxalate stones) had a 40% decrease in urinary excretion of succinate, a 35% increase in serum succinate, and elevated plasma renin. Slc26a6-/- mice also showed activity-dependent hypertension that was unaffected by dietary salt intake. Structural modeling, confirmed by mutational analysis, identified slc26a6 and NaDC-1 residues that interact and mediate slc26a6's inhibition of NaDC-1. This interaction is regulated by the scaffolding protein IRBIT, which is released by stimulation of the succinate receptor SUCNR1 and interacts with the NaDC-1/slc26a6 complex to inhibit succinate transport by NaDC-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a succinate/citrate homeostatic pathway regulated by IRBIT that affects BP and biochemical risk of calcium oxalate stone formation, thus providing a potential molecular link between hypertension and lithogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Khamaysi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shireen Anbtawee-Jomaa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moran Fremder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadar Eini-Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liana Shimshilashvili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Aharon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Tomer Shlomi
- Department of Computer Science and,Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Audrey Noguchi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Orson W. Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine,,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, and,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Nikolay Shcheynikov
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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10
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Perinpam M, Ware EB, Smith JA, Turner ST, Kardia SLR, Lieske JC. Association of urinary citrate excretion, pH, and net gastrointestinal alkali absorption with diet, diuretic use, and blood glucose concentration. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/19/e13411. [PMID: 29038354 PMCID: PMC5641929 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary citrate (Ucit) protects against urinary stone formation. Acid base status and diet influence Ucit. However, the effect of demographics, diet, and glucose metabolism on Ucit excretion, urinary pH (U‐pH) and net gastrointestinal alkali absorption (NAA) are not known. Twenty‐four hour urine samples, blood glucose, creatinine, and cystatin C were obtained from non‐Hispanic white sibships in Rochester, MN (n = 446; 64.5 ± 9 years; 58% female). Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The impact of blood glucose, demographics and dietary elements on Ucit excretion, U‐pH, and NAA were evaluated in bivariate and multivariable models and interaction models that included age, sex, and weight. NAA significantly associated with Ucit and U‐pH. In multivariate models Ucit increased with age, weight, eGFRCys, and blood glucose, but decreased with loop diuretic and thiazide use. U‐pH decreased with serum creatinine, blood glucose, and dietary protein but increased with dietary potassium. NAA was higher in males and increased with age, weight, eGFRCys and dietary potassium. Significant interactions were observed for Ucit excretion with age and blood glucose, weight and eGFRCys, and sex and thiazide use. Blood glucose had a significant and independent effect on U‐pH and also Ucit. This study provides the first evidence that blood glucose could influence urinary stone risk independent of urinary pH, potentially providing new insight into the association of obesity and urinary stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majuran Perinpam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erin B Ware
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Minnesota
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Minnesota
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Uwai Y, Kawasaki T, Nabekura T. D-Malate decreases renal content of α-ketoglutarate, a driving force of organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3, resulting in inhibited tubular secretion of phenolsulfonphthalein, in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:479-485. [PMID: 28744858 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
d-Malate inhibits a Krebs cycle enzyme and the tubular transport of α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate of the Krebs cycle and the driving force for rat organic anion transporter 1 (rOAT1) and rOAT3 in the kidney. This study examined the effects of d-malate on the rat organic anion transport system. The uptake of 6-carboxyfluorescein by HEK293 cells expressing rOAT1 or rOAT3 was not affected by d-malate and l-malate. Up to 60 min after the intravenous injection of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), a typical substrate of the renal organic anion transporters, as a bolus to rats, 47.1% of the dose was recovered in the urine, and its renal clearance was estimated to be 8.60 ml/min/kg. d-Malate but not l-malate interfered with its renal excretion, resulting in the delayed elimination of PSP from plasma. No effect of d-malate was recognized on creatinine clearance or the expression level of rOAT3 in the kidney cortex. d-Malate increased the plasma concentration of α-ketoglutarate. In addition, the compound greatly stimulated the renal excretion of α-ketoglutarate, implying that d-malate inhibited its reabsorption. The content of α-ketoglutarate was significantly decreased in the kidney cortex of rats administered d-malate. Collectively, this study shows that d-malate abrogates the tubular secretion of PSP, and the reduction of the renal content of α-ketoglutarate was proposed to be one of the mechanisms. A relationship between the reabsorption of α-ketoglutarate and the basolateral uptake of organic anion in the kidney is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Uwai
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
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12
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Lee HW, Handlogten ME, Osis G, Clapp WL, Wakefield DN, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Expression of sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter 1 (NaDC1/SLC13A2) in normal and neoplastic human kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F427-F435. [PMID: 27927654 PMCID: PMC5374311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00559.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated dicarboxylate transport is critical for acid-base homeostasis, prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis, regulation of collecting duct sodium chloride transport, and the regulation of blood pressure. Although luminal dicarboxylate reabsorption via NaDC1 (SLC13A2) is believed to be the primary mechanism regulating renal dicarboxylate transport, the specific localization of NaDC1 in the human kidney is currently unknown. This study's purpose was to determine NaDC1's expression in normal and neoplastic human kidneys. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated NaDC1 expression with an apparent molecular weight of ~61 kDa. Immunohistochemistry showed apical NaDC1 immunolabel in the proximal tubule of normal human kidney tissue; well-preserved proximal tubule brush border was clearly labeled. Apical NaDC1 expression was evident throughout the entire proximal tubule, including the initial proximal convoluted tubule, as identified by origination from the glomerular tuft, and extending through the terminal of the proximal tubule, the proximal straight tubule in the outer medulla. We confirmed proximal tubule localization by colocalization with the proximal tubule specific protein, NBCe1. NaDC1 immunolabel was not detected other than in the proximal tubule. In addition, NaDC1 immunolabel was not detected in tumors of presumed proximal tubule origin, clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma, or in tumors of nonproximal tubule origin, oncocytoma and chromophobe carcinoma. In summary, 1) in the human kidney, apical NaDC1 immunolabel is present throughout the entire proximal tubule, and is not detectable in other renal cells; and 2) NaDC1 immunolabel is not present in renal tumors. These studies provide important information regarding NaDC1's role in human dicarboxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mary E Handlogten
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gunars Osis
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Dara N Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; .,Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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13
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Osis G, Handlogten ME, Lee HW, Hering-Smith KS, Huang W, Romero MF, Verlander JW, Weiner ID. Effect of NBCe1 deletion on renal citrate and 2-oxoglutarate handling. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/8/e12778. [PMID: 27117802 PMCID: PMC4848728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The bicarbonate transporter, NBCe1 (SLC4A4), is necessary for at least two components of the proximal tubule contribution to acid‐base homeostasis, filtered bicarbonate reabsorption, and ammonia metabolism. This study's purpose was to determine NBCe1's role in a third component of acid‐base homeostasis, organic anion metabolism, by studying mice with NBCe1 deletion. Because NBCe1 deletion causes metabolic acidosis, we also examined acid‐loaded wild‐type adult mice to determine if the effects of NBCe1 deletion were specific to NBCe1 deletion or were a non‐specific effect of the associated metabolic acidosis. Both NBCe1 KO and acid‐loading decreased citrate excretion, but in contrast to metabolic acidosis alone, NBCe1 KO decreased expression of the apical citrate transporter, NaDC‐1. Thus, NBCe1 expression is necessary for normal NaDC‐1 expression, and NBCe1 deletion induces a novel citrate reabsorptive pathway. Second, NBCe1 KO increased 2‐oxoglutarate excretion. This could not be attributed to the metabolic acidosis as experimental acidosis decreased excretion. Increased 2‐oxoglutarate excretion could not be explained by changes in plasma 2‐oxoglutarate levels, the glutaminase I or the glutaminase II generation pathways, 2‐oxoglutarate metabolism, its putative apical 2‐oxoglutarate transporter, OAT10, or its basolateral transporter, NaDC‐3. In summary: (1) NBCe1 is necessary for normal proximal tubule NaDC‐1 expression; (2) NBCe1 deletion results in stimulation of a novel citrate reabsorptive pathway; and (3) NBCe1 is necessary for normal 2‐oxoglutarate metabolism through mechanisms independent of expression of known transport and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunars Osis
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mary E Handlogten
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Weitao Huang
- Renal Division, Tulane University College of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering and Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College Of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Nephrology and Hypertension Section, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Huard K, Gosset JR, Montgomery JI, Gilbert A, Hayward MM, Magee TV, Cabral S, Uccello DP, Bahnck K, Brown J, Purkal J, Gorgoglione M, Lanba A, Futatsugi K, Herr M, Genung NE, Aspnes G, Polivkova J, Garcia-Irizarry CN, Li Q, Canterbury D, Niosi M, Vera NB, Li Z, Khunte B, Siderewicz J, Rolph T, Erion DM. Optimization of a Dicarboxylic Series for in Vivo Inhibition of Citrate Transport by the Solute Carrier 13 (SLC13) Family. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1165-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huard
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R. Gosset
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin I. Montgomery
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam Gilbert
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew M. Hayward
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas V. Magee
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel P. Uccello
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Bahnck
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Janice Brown
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Julie Purkal
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew Gorgoglione
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adhiraj Lanba
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Herr
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nathan E. Genung
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary Aspnes
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Carmen N. Garcia-Irizarry
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Qifang Li
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel Canterbury
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas B. Vera
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhenhong Li
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bhagyashree Khunte
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jaclyn Siderewicz
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy Rolph
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Derek M. Erion
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, and §Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, and ⊥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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15
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Mulligan C, Fitzgerald GA, Wang DN, Mindell JA. Functional characterization of a Na+-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from Vibrio cholerae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 143:745-59. [PMID: 24821967 PMCID: PMC4035743 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
VcINDY, a bacterial homolog of transporters implicated in lifespan in fruit flies and insulin resistance in mammals, is a high affinity, electrogenic, Na+-dependent dicarboxylate transporter. The SLC13 transporter family, whose members play key physiological roles in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, adiposity, insulin resistance, and other processes, catalyzes the transport of Krebs cycle intermediates and sulfate across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. SLC13 transporters are part of the divalent anion:Na+ symporter (DASS) family that includes several well-characterized bacterial members. Despite sharing significant sequence similarity, the functional characteristics of DASS family members differ with regard to their substrate and coupling ion dependence. The publication of a high resolution structure of dimer VcINDY, a bacterial DASS family member, provides crucial structural insight into this transporter family. However, marrying this structural insight to the current functional understanding of this family also demands a comprehensive analysis of the transporter’s functional properties. To this end, we purified VcINDY, reconstituted it into liposomes, and determined its basic functional characteristics. Our data demonstrate that VcINDY is a high affinity, Na+-dependent transporter with a preference for C4- and C5-dicarboxylates. Transport of the model substrate, succinate, is highly pH dependent, consistent with VcINDY strongly preferring the substrate’s dianionic form. VcINDY transport is electrogenic with succinate coupled to the transport of three or more Na+ ions. In contrast to succinate, citrate, bound in the VcINDY crystal structure (in an inward-facing conformation), seems to interact only weakly with the transporter in vitro. These transport properties together provide a functional framework for future experimental and computational examinations of the VcINDY transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mulligan
- Membrane Transport Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gabriel A Fitzgerald
- Membrane Transport Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Da-Neng Wang
- The Helen L. and Martin Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 The Helen L. and Martin Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Joseph A Mindell
- Membrane Transport Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Willmes DM, Birkenfeld AL. The Role of INDY in Metabolic Regulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 6:e201303020. [PMID: 24688728 PMCID: PMC3962103 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201303020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of the Indy (I'm Not Dead Yet) gene in D. melanogaster and C. elegans extends longevity. Indy and its mammalian homolog mINDY (Slc13a5, NaCT) are transporters of TCA cycle intermediates, mainly handling the uptake of citrate via the plasma membrane into the cytosol. Deletion of mINDY in mice leads to significant metabolic changes akin to caloric restriction, likely caused by reducing the effects of mINDY-imported citrate on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, glucose metabolism and ß-oxidation. This review will provide an overview on different mammalian SLC1 3 family members with a focus on mINDY (SLCl3A5) in glucose and energy metabolism and will highlight the role of mINDY as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Willmes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité - University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Sodium-coupled dicarboxylate and citrate transporters from the SLC13 family. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:119-30. [PMID: 24114175 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The SLC13 family in humans and other mammals consists of sodium-coupled transporters for anionic substrates: three transporters for dicarboxylates/citrate and two transporters for sulfate. This review will focus on the di- and tricarboxylate transporters: NaDC1 (SLC13A2), NaDC3 (SLC13A3), and NaCT (SLC13A5). The substrates of these transporters are metabolic intermediates of the citric acid cycle, including citrate, succinate, and α-ketoglutarate, which can exert signaling effects through specific receptors or can affect metabolic enzymes directly. The SLC13 transporters are important for regulating plasma, urinary and tissue levels of these metabolites. NaDC1, primarily found on the apical membranes of renal proximal tubule and small intestinal cells, is involved in regulating urinary levels of citrate and plays a role in kidney stone development. NaDC3 has a wider tissue distribution and high substrate affinity compared with NaDC1. NaDC3 participates in drug and xenobiotic excretion through interactions with organic anion transporters. NaCT is primarily a citrate transporter located in the liver and brain, and its activity may regulate metabolic processes. The recent crystal structure of the Vibrio cholerae homolog, VcINDY, provides a new framework for understanding the mechanism of transport in this family. This review summarizes current knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the di- and tricarboxylate transporters of the SLC13 family.
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Abstract
The SLC13 gene family is comprised of five sequence related proteins that are found in animals, plants, yeast and bacteria. Proteins encoded by the SLC13 genes are divided into the following two groups of transporters with distinct anion specificities: the Na(+)-sulfate (NaS) cotransporters and the Na(+)-carboxylate (NaC) cotransporters. Members of this gene family (in ascending order) are: SLC13A1 (NaS1), SLC13A2 (NaC1), SLC13A3 (NaC3), SLC13A4 (NaS2) and SLC13A5 (NaC2). SLC13 proteins encode plasma membrane polypeptides with 8-13 putative transmembrane domains, and are expressed in a variety of tissues. They are all Na(+)-coupled symporters with strong cation preference for Na(+), and insensitive to the stilbene 4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS). Their Na(+):anion coupling ratio is 3:1, indicative of electrogenic properties. They have a substrate preference for divalent anions, which include tetra-oxyanions for the NaS cotransporters or Krebs cycle intermediates (including mono-, di- and tricarboxylates) for the NaC cotransporters. This review will describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biochemical, physiological and structural properties of the SLC13 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markovich
- Molecular Physiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Bergeron M, Clémençon B, Hediger M, Markovich D. SLC13 family of Na+-coupled di- and tri-carboxylate/sulfate transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:299-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bobulescu IA, Moe OW. Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2012; 19:358-71. [PMID: 23089270 PMCID: PMC3619397 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role as a metabolic waste product, uric acid has been proposed to be an important molecule with multiple functions in human physiologic and pathophysiologic processes and may be linked to human diseases beyond nephrolithiasis and gout. Uric acid homeostasis is determined by the balance between production, intestinal secretion, and renal excretion. The kidney is an important regulator of circulating uric acid levels by reabsorbing about 90% of filtered urate and being responsible for 60% to 70% of total body uric acid excretion. Defective renal handling of urate is a frequent pathophysiologic factor underpinning hyperuricemia and gout. Despite tremendous advances over the past decade, the molecular mechanisms of renal urate transport are still incompletely understood. Many transport proteins are candidate participants in urate handling, with URAT1 and GLUT9 being the best characterized to date. Understanding these transporters is increasingly important for the practicing clinician as new research unveils their physiologic characteristics, importance in drug action, and genetic association with uric acid levels in human populations. The future may see the introduction of new drugs that act specifically on individual renal urate transporters for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Alexandru Bobulescu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology and the Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA.
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Bergeron MJ, Bürzle M, Kovacs G, Simonin A, Hediger MA. Synthesis, maturation, and trafficking of human Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter NaDC1 requires the chaperone activity of cyclophilin B. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11242-53. [PMID: 21257749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.171728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal excretion of citrate, an inhibitor of calcium stone formation, is controlled mainly by reabsorption via the apical Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter NaDC1 (SLC13A2) in the proximal tubule. Recently, it has been shown that the protein phosphatase calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK-506 induce hypocitraturia, a risk factor for nephrolithiasis in kidney transplant patients, but apparently through urine acidification. This suggests that these agents up-regulate NaDC1 activity. Using the Xenopus lævis oocyte and HEK293 cell expression systems, we examined first the effect of both anti-calcineurins on NaDC1 activity and expression. While FK-506 had no effect, CsA reduced NaDC1-mediated citrate transport by lowering heterologous carrier expression (as well as endogenous carrier expression in HEK293 cells), indicating that calcineurin is not involved. Given that CsA also binds specifically to cyclophilins, we determined next whether such proteins could account for the observed changes by examining the effect of selected cyclophilin wild types and mutants on NaDC1 activity and cyclophilin-specific siRNA. Interestingly, our data show that the cyclophilin isoform B is likely responsible for down-regulation of carrier expression by CsA and that it does so via its chaperone activity on NaDC1 (by direct interaction) rather than its rotamase activity. We have thus identified for the first time a regulatory partner for NaDC1, and have gained novel mechanistic insight into the effect of CsA on renal citrate transport and kidney stone disease, as well as into the regulation of membrane transporters in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Bergeron
- Unité de Neurobiologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada.
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Hering-Smith KS, Schiro FR, Pajor AM, Hamm LL. Calcium sensitivity of dicarboxylate transport in cultured proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F425-32. [PMID: 21123491 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00036.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary citrate is an important inhibitor of calcium nephrolithiasis and is primarily determined by proximal tubule reabsorption. The major transporter to reabsorb citrate is Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC1), which transports dicarboxylates, including the divalent form of citrate. We previously found that opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubule cells variably express either divalent or trivalent citrate transport, depending on extracellular calcium. The present studies were performed to delineate the mechanism of the effect of calcium on citrate and succinate transport in these cells. Transport was measured using isotope uptake assays. In some studies, NaDC1 transport was studied in Xenopus oocytes, expressing either the rabbit or opossum ortholog. In the OK cell culture model, lowering extracellular calcium increased both citrate and succinate transport by more than twofold; the effect was specific in that glucose transport was not altered. Citrate and succinate were found to reciprocally inhibit transport at low extracellular calcium (<60 μM), but not at normal calcium (1.2 mM); this mutual inhibition is consistent with dicarboxylate transport. The inhibition varied progressively at intermediate levels of extracellular calcium. In addition to changing the relative magnitude and interaction of citrate and succinate transport, decreasing calcium also increased the affinity of the transport process for various other dicarboxylates. Also, the affinity for succinate, at low concentrations of substrate, was increased by calcium removal. In contrast, in oocytes expressing NaDC1, calcium did not have a similar effect on transport, indicating that NaDC1 could not likely account for the findings in OK cells. In summary, extracellular calcium regulates constitutive citrate and succinate transport in OK proximal tubule cells, probably via a novel transport process that is not NaDC1. The calcium effect on citrate transport parallels in vivo studies that demonstrate the regulation of urinary citrate excretion with urinary calcium excretion, a process that may be important in decreasing urinary calcium stone formation.
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Pajor AM, Sun NN. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter affect transport activity and protein expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F704-11. [PMID: 20610529 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00213.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-coupled transport of citric acid cycle intermediates in the intestine and kidney is mediated by the Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC1. In the kidney, NaDC1 plays an important role in regulating succinate and citrate concentrations in the urine, which may have physiological consequences including the development of kidney stones. In the present study, the impact of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on NaDC1 expression and function was characterized using the COS-7 cell heterologous expression system. The I550V variant had an increased sensitivity to lithium inhibition although there were no significant effects on protein abundance. The L44F variant had no significant effects on expression or function. The membrane protein abundance of the M45L, V117I, and F254L variants was decreased, with corresponding decreases in transport activity. The A310P variant had decreased protein abundance as well as a change in substrate selectivity. The P385S variant had a large decrease in succinate transport V(max), as well as altered substrate selectivity, and a change in the protein glycosylation pattern. The most damaging variant was V477M, which had decreased affinity for both succinate and sodium. The V477M variant also exhibited stimulation by lithium, indicating a change in the high-affinity cation binding site. We conclude that most of the naturally occurring nonsynonymous SNPs affect protein processing of NaDC1, and several also affect functional properties. All of these mutations are predicted to decrease transport activity in vivo, which would result in decreased intestinal and renal absorption of citric acid cycle intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pajor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0718, USA.
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Di Giusto G, Torres AM. Organic anion transporter 5 renal expression and urinary excretion in rats exposed to mercuric chloride: a potential biomarker of mercury-induced nephropathy. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:741-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Di Giusto G, Anzai N, Endou H, Torres AM. Oat5 and NaDC1 protein abundance in kidney and urine after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:17-27. [PMID: 18796410 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.951582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of the organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) and the sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1) in kidney and urine after renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Renal injury was induced in male Wistar rats by occlusion of both renal pedicles for 0 (Group Sham), 5 (Group I5R60), or 60 (Group I60R60) min. The studies were performed after 60 min of reperfusion. The expression of Oat5 and NaDC1 was evaluated by IHC and Western blotting. Oat5 and NaDC1 abundance and alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) were assayed in urine. A decreased expression in renal homogenates and apical membranes and an increase in urinary excretion of Oat5 and NaDC1 were observed in I60R60 rats, as well as alterations of other widely used parameters for renal dysfunction and injury (plasma creatinine, urinary AP activity, kidney weight, histological lesions). In contrast, in the I5R60 group, only an increase in urinary excretion of Oat5 and mild histopathological damage was detected. This is the first study on Oat5 and NaDC1 detection in urine. These results suggest that urinary excretion of Oat5 might be an early indicator of renal dysfunction, which is useful for detection of even minor alterations in renal structural and functional integrity.
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