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Kotecha RS, Gottardo NG, Kees UR, Cole CH. The evolution of clinical trials for infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e200. [PMID: 24727996 PMCID: PMC4003413 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants has a significantly inferior outcome in comparison with older children. Despite initial improvements in survival of infants with ALL since establishment of the first pediatric cooperative group ALL trials, the poor outcome has plateaued in recent years. Historically, infants were treated on risk-adapted childhood ALL protocols. These studies were pivotal in identifying the need for infant-specific protocols, delineating prognostic categories and the requirement for a more unified approach between study groups to overcome limitations in accrual because of low incidence. This subsequently led to the development of collaborative infant-specific studies. Landmark outcomes have included the elimination of cranial radiotherapy following the discovery of intrathecal and high-dose systemic therapy as a superior and effective treatment strategy for central nervous system disease prophylaxis, with improved neurodevelopmental outcome. Universal prospective identification of independent adverse prognostic factors, including presence of a mixed lineage leukemia rearrangement and young age, has established the basis for risk stratification within current trials. The infant-specific trials have defined limits to which conventional chemotherapeutic agents can be intensified to optimize the balance between treatment efficacy and toxicity. Despite variations in therapeutic intensity, there has been no recent improvement in survival due to the equilibrium between relapse and toxicity. Ultimately, to improve the outcome for infants with ALL, key areas still to be addressed include identification and adaptation of novel prognostic markers and innovative therapies, establishing the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission, treatment strategies for relapsed/refractory disease and monitoring and timely intervention of late effects in survivors. This would be best achieved through a single unified international trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kotecha
- 1] Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [2] Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [3] School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N G Gottardo
- 1] Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [2] Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [3] School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - U R Kees
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C H Cole
- 1] Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [2] Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia [3] School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Li Z, Huang H, Chen P, He M, Li Y, Arnovitz S, Jiang X, He C, Hyjek E, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Elkahloun A, Cao D, Shen C, Wunderlich M, Wang Y, Neilly MB, Jin J, Wei M, Lu J, Valk PJM, Delwel R, Lowenberg B, Le Beau MM, Vardiman J, Mulloy JC, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Liu PP, Zhang J, Chen J. miR-196b directly targets both HOXA9/MEIS1 oncogenes and FAS tumour suppressor in MLL-rearranged leukaemia. Nat Commun 2012; 3:688. [PMID: 22353710 PMCID: PMC3514459 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 and MEIS1 have essential oncogenic roles in mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)-rearranged leukaemia. Here we show that they are direct targets of miRNA-196b, a microRNA (miRNA) located adjacent to and co-expressed with HOXA9, in MLL-rearranged leukaemic cells. Forced expression of miR-196b significantly delays MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis in primary bone marrow transplantation through suppressing Hoxa9/Meis1 expression. However, ectopic expression of miR-196b results in more aggressive leukaemic phenotypes and causes much faster leukemogenesis in secondary transplantation than MLL fusion alone, likely through the further repression of Fas expression, a proapoptotic gene downregulated in MLL-rearranged leukaemia. Overexpression of FAS significantly inhibits leukemogenesis and reverses miR-196b-mediated phenotypes. Targeting Hoxa9/Meis1 and Fas by miR-196b is probably also important for normal haematopoiesis. Thus, our results uncover a previously unappreciated miRNA-regulation mechanism by which a single miRNA may target both oncogenes and tumour suppressors, simultaneously, or, sequentially, in tumourigenesis and normal development per cell differentiation, indicating that miRNA regulation is much more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen Arnovitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hyjek
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, 60153, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Donglin Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
| | - Yungui Wang
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mary Beth Neilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Lowenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Le Beau
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - James Vardiman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy J Zeleznik-Le
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, 60153, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul P Liu
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, 60153, Illinois, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA.
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Mata JF, Silveira VS, Mateo EC, Cortez MAA, Queiroz RGP, Yunes JA, Lee MLM, Toledo SRC, Petrilli AS, Brandalise SR, Tone LG, Scrideli CA. Low mRNA expression of the apoptosis-related genes CASP3, CASP8, and FAS is associated with low induction treatment response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:100-7. [PMID: 20232432 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in apoptosis signaling have been considered to be responsible for treatment failure in many types of cancer, although with controversial results. The objective of the present study was to assess the expression profile of key apoptosis-related genes in terms of clinical and biological variables and of the survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURE The levels of mRNA expression of the apoptosis-related genes CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, FAS, and BCL2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in consecutive samples from 139 consecutive children with ALL at diagnosis treated by the Brazilian protocol (GBTLI-ALL 99). Gene expression levels and clinical and biological features were compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Event-free survival (EFS) was calculated by Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test. RESULTS A significant correlation was detected between CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and FAS expression levels (P < 0.01) in ALL samples. Higher levels of BCL2 were significantly associated with white blood cell (WBC) count <50,000/mm(3) at diagnosis (P = 0.01) and low risk group classification (P = 0.008). Lower expression levels of CASP3, CASP8 and FAS gene were associated with a poor response at day 7 according the GBTLI-ALL 99 protocol (P = 0.03, P = 0.02 and P = 0.008, respectively). There was a relationship between FAS gene expression lower than the 75th percentile and lower 5-year EFS (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION These findings suggest an association between lower expression levels of the pro-apoptotic genes and a poor response to induction therapy at day 7 and prognosis in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Mata
- Department Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Yamana K, Bilim V, Hara N, Kasahara T, Itoi T, Maruyama R, Nishiyama T, Takahashi K, Tomita Y. Prognostic impact of FAS/CD95/APO-1 in urothelial cancers: decreased expression of Fas is associated with disease progression. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:544-51. [PMID: 16091761 PMCID: PMC2361597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The death receptor Fas (Apo1/CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL) system is recognised as a major pathway for the induction of apoptosis in vivo, and antiapoptosis via its blockade plays a critical role in carcinogenesis and progression in several malignancies. However, the function of Fas–FasL system in urothelial cancer (UC) has not been elucidated. We therefore investigated the expression of Fas, FasL and Decoy receptor 3 for FasL (DcR3) in UC specimens and cell lines, and examined the cytotoxic effect of an anti-Fas-activating monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vitro. Immunohistochemical examinations of Fas-related molecules were performed on 123 UC and 30 normal urothelium surgical specimens. Normal urothelium showed Fas staining in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In UC, less frequent Fas expression was significantly associated with a higher pathological grade (P<0.0001), a more advanced stage (P=0.023) and poorer prognosis (P=0.010). Fas and the absence thereof were suggested to be crucial factors with which to select patients requiring more aggressive treatment. Moreover, low-dose anti-Fas-activating mAb sensitised resistant cells to adriamycin, and this synergistic effect could be applied in the development of new treatment strategy for UC patients with multidrug-resistant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamana
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - V Bilim
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - N Hara
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Kasahara
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Itoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - R Maruyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Signal Transduction Research, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Division of Urology, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Y Tomita
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Division of Urology, Department of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. E-mail:
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