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Shi H, Gao L, Zhang W, Jiang M. Identification and validation of a siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene signature for predicting prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:284. [PMID: 35854240 PMCID: PMC9295398 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of highly heterogenous and aggressive blood cancer. Despite recent progress in its diagnosis and treatment, patient outcome is variable and drug resistance results in increased mortality. The siglec family plays an important role in tumorigenesis and aging. Increasing age is a risk factor for AML and cellular aging contributes to leukemogenesis via various pathways. Methods The differential expression of the siglec family was compared between 151 AML patients and 70 healthy controls, with their information downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases, respectively. How siglec expression correlated to AML patient clinical features, immune cell infiltration, drug resistance and survival outcome was analyzed. Differentially expressed genes in AML patients with low- and high-expressed siglec9 and siglec14 were analyzed and functionally enriched. The aging-related gene set was merged with the differentially expressed genes in AML patients with low and high expression of siglec9, and merged genes were subjected to lasso regression analysis to construct a novel siglec-based and aging-related prognostic model. The prediction model was validated using a validation cohort from GEO database (GSE106291). Results The expression levels of all siglec members were significantly altered in AML. The expression of siglecs was significantly correlated with AML patient clinical features, immune cell infiltration, drug resistance, and survival outcome. Based on the differentially expressed genes and aging-related gene set, we developed a 9-gene prognostic model and decision curve analysis revealed the net benefit generated by our prediction model. The siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene prognostic model was tested using a validation data set, in which AML patients with higher risk scores had significantly reduced survival probability. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram were plotted and showed the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of our 9-gene prognostic model, respectively. Conclusions Overall, our study indicates the important role of siglec family in AML and the good performance of our novel siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene signature in predicting AML patient outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04841-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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De Braekeleer M, Douet-Guilbert N, De Braekeleer E. Prognostic impact ofp15gene aberrations in acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:257-265. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1201574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yim RL, Wong KY, Kwong YL, Loong F, Leung CY, Chu R, Lam WWL, Hui PK, Lai R, Chim CS. Methylation of miR-155-3p in mantle cell lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9770-82. [PMID: 25211095 PMCID: PMC4259436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In cancers, tumor suppressive microRNAs may be silenced by DNA hypermethylation. By microRNA profiling of representative EBV-negative MCL cell lines before and after demethylation treatment, miR-155-3p was found significantly restored. Methylation-specific PCR, verified by pyrosequencing, showed complete methylation of miR-155-3p in one MCL cell line (REC-1). 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment of REC-1 led to demethylation and re-expression of miR-155-3p. Over-expression of miR-155-3p led to increased sub-G1 apoptotic cells and reduced cellular viability, demonstrating its tumor suppressive properties. By luciferase assay, lymphotoxin-beta (LT-β) was validated as a miR-155-3p target. In 31 primary MCL, miR-155-3p was found hypermethylated in 6(19%) cases. To test if methylation of miR-155-3p was MCL-specific, miR-155-3p methylation was tested in an additional 191 B-cell, T-cell and NK-cell NHLs, yielding miR-155-3p methylation in 66(34.6%) including 36(27%) non-MCL B-cell, 24(53%) T-cell and 6(46%) of NK-cell lymphoma. Moreover, in 72 primary NHL samples with RNA, miR-155-3p methylation correlated with miR-155-3p downregulation (p = 0.024), and LT-β upregulation (p = 0.043). Collectively, miR-155-3p is a potential tumor suppressive microRNA hypermethylated in MCL and other NHL subtypes. As miR-155-3p targets LT-β, which is an upstream activator of the non-canonical NF-kB signaling, miR-155-3p methylation is potentially important in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lh Yim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yok Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Raymond Chu
- Department of Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Pak Kwan Hui
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ng HY, Wan TS, So CC, Chim CS. Epigenetic inactivation ofDAPK1,p14ARF,mir-34aand-34b/cin acute promyelocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:626-31. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang LQ, Liang R, Chim CS. Methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs: lessons from lymphoid malignancies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 12:755-65. [PMID: 23153241 DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are a group of small noncoding RNAs measuring 19-25 nucleotides. Sequence-specific binding of miRNAs to the 3´ untranslated regions of target genes leads to translational repressions. Dysregulation of miRNA expression involved in cancer can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including aberrant DNA methylation of the miRNA gene promoter. Of note, DNA methylation of tumor suppressor miRNAs has been implicated in various human cancers. Moreover, miRNA silencing mediated by aberrant promoter DNA methylation can potentially be reversed by hypomethylating agents, and hence may pose a new therapeutic target in cancer. In this review, the authors will focus on the aberrant methylation of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Yim RLH, Kwong YL, Wong KY, Chim CS. DNA Methylation of Tumor Suppressive miRNAs in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Front Genet 2012; 3:233. [PMID: 23162567 PMCID: PMC3492703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic alteration leading to heritable phenotypic changes of cells with functional consequences. It is important in early embryonic development, stem cell differentiation, and tissue-specific gene expression. In normal cells, promoter-associated CpG islands (CGI) are generally unmethylated except in X-chromosome inactivation or genomic imprinting. In cancer, tumor cells are characterized by global hypomethylation but locus-specific hypermethylation of promoter-associated CGI, resulting in gene silencing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA sequences of 18-25 nucleotides, which can repress the translational of multiple protein-coding mRNAs by sequence-specific binding to the 3'untranslated region. Depending on the genes targeted, miRNA can be tumor suppressive if an oncogene is repressed, or it can be oncogenic when a tumor suppressive gene is repressed. Recently, aberrant methylation of tumor suppressive miRNAs has been reported in different types of cancers including lymphomas. Herein, we review the recent literature of methylation of tumor suppressive miRNAs in different histopathologic subtypes of lymphomas, and discuss its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lok-Hay Yim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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Wong KY, Yu L, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor miRNA genes: a lesson from the miR-34 family. Epigenomics 2012; 3:83-92. [PMID: 22126155 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA is a small ncRNA of 22-25 nucleotides, which leads to mRNA degradation or translational inhibition of its target genes. miRNAs are involved in multiple cellular processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and hence miRNA deregulation has been implicated in disease states, including cancer. On the other hand, DNA methylation leads to gene silencing, and serves as an alternative mechanism of gene inactivation. The aberrant DNA methylation of gene promoters has been shown to result in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and therefore is also implicated in carcinogenesis. This article focuses on the role of miRNA methylation, in particular miR-34a, in cancer. The article begins with an overview of DNA methylation in normal and cancer cells and deregulation of miRNA expression by DNA methylation. These discussions are followed by a description of the gene structure of the miR-34 family of miRNA genes, the tumor suppressor role of miR-34a and the deregulation of miR-34a by DNA methylation in both epithelial and hematological cancers. Moreover, the methylation of miR-34b/c in cancer is also described. Finally, the potential role of miRNA methylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis (and hence the potential of developing a risk-stratified approach) and a therapeutic target is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, China
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Strathdee G. Methylation markers in the clinical management of leukemia patients: wave of the future or just damp squib? Epigenomics 2011; 3:391-4. [PMID: 22126198 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chim CS. Updated survivals and prognostic factor analysis in myeloma treated by a staged approach use of bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone in transplant eligible patients. J Transl Med 2010; 8:124. [PMID: 21108845 PMCID: PMC3003638 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bortezomib, an NFkB inhibitor, is an active agent for the treatment of myeloma (MM). We have reported a promising complete remission (CR) rate for newly diagnosed myeloma patients treated by a staged approach, in which chemosensitive patients underwent autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) while less chemosensitive patients received salvage therapy with bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone prior to auto-HSCT. Methods Herein, with an additional 13 months of follow-up, we reported the updated survivals, and examined potential prognostic factors impacting event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Results With a median follow-up of 30 months, the projected OS was 73% and EFS was 50.2%. Age, gender, clinical stage and DAPK methylation could not account for the differential chemosensitivity. Advanced ISS stage and DAPK methylation adversely impacted OS whereas oligoclonal reconstitution predicted superior EFS. Conclusions Our staged approach illustrated an economical use of expensive targeted agents while preserving a good CR rate and OS. The comparable survivals of chemosensitive and less chemosensitive patients suggested the staged approach might have abolished the adverse prognostic impact of suboptimal chemosensitivity. Finally, the adverse impact of DAPK methylation and favorable impact of oligoclonal reconstitution in myeloma warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Liu J, Morgan M, Hutchison K, Calhoun VD. A study of the influence of sex on genome wide methylation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10028. [PMID: 20386599 PMCID: PMC2850313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in methylation status have been observed in specific gene-disease studies and healthy methylation variation studies, but little work has been done to study the impact of sex on methylation at the genome wide locus-to-locus level or to determine methods for accounting for sex in genomic association studies. In this study we investigate the genomic sex effect on saliva DNA methylation of 197 subjects (54 females) using 20,493 CpG sites. Three methods, two-sample T-test, principle component analysis and independent component analysis, all successfully identify sex influences. The results show that sex not only influences the methylation of genes in the X chromosome but also in autosomes. 580 autosomal sites show strong differences between males and females. They are found to be highly involved in eight functional groups, including DNA transcription, RNA splicing, membrane, etc. Equally important is that we identify some methylation sites associated with not only sex, but also other phenotypes (age, smoking and drinking level, and cancer). Verification was done through an independent blood cell DNA methylation data (1298 CpG sites from a cancer panel array). The same genomic site-specific influence pattern and potential confounding effects with cancer were observed. The overlapping rate of identified sex affected genes between saliva and blood cell is 81% for X chromosome, and 8% for autosomes. Therefore, correction for sex is necessary. We propose a simple correction method based on independent component analysis, which is a data driven method and accommodates sample differences. Comparison before and after the correction suggests that the method is able to effectively remove the potentially confounding effects of sex, and leave other phenotypes untouched. As such, our method is able to disentangle the sex influence on a genome wide level, and paves the way to achieve more accurate association analyses in genome wide methylation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
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Chim CS, Kwong YL, Liang R. Gene hypermethylation in multiple myeloma: lessons from a cancer pathway approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 8:331-9. [PMID: 19064397 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2008.n.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell neoplasm. Pathogenesis involves upregulation of D-type cyclins and activation of oncogenes, but little is known about the role of tumor suppressor genes. Gene hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Various approaches have been used to elucidate the role of gene hypermethylation in MM, including a candidate gene approach, microarray approach for genes upregulated by hypomethylating agents, and a cancer pathway approach, which enables a comprehensive picture of the involvement of multiple tumor suppressor genes in MM. Based on the cancer pathway approach, the following data on the involvement of cell cycle control, intrinsic tumor suppressor, and cell signaling were derived. First, among the INK4 and CIP/KIP families of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, only CDKN2B and CDKN2A are frequently hypermethylated. Second, methylation of SHP1 and soluble Wnt inhibitors is associated with constitutive activation of JAK/STAT and Wnt signaling. Importantly, downregulation of the signaling pathways can be restored by demethylation and re-expression of SHP1 and soluble Wnt inhibitors, which is potentially important therapeutically. Third, of the tumor suppressor genes involved in the DAPK/P14/HDM2/P53/Apaf-1 pathway, only DAPK is frequently methylated, which appeared to be an adverse prognostic factor to survival. Lastly, apart from being implicated in the progression from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance to MM, aberrant gene promoter methylation might also account for late disease progression in MM. Future studies are needed to delineate the biologic consequence of gene hypermethylation, the prognostic effect of gene methylation, and the possibility of hypomethylation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor S Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Chim CS, Chan WWL, Pang A, Kwong YL. Preferential methylation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia: an independent poor prognostic factor. Leukemia 2006; 20:907-9. [PMID: 16525492 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/physiopathology
- Methylation
- Multivariate Analysis
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Risk Factors
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Survival Rate
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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