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Seo EJ, Khelifi D, Fayez S, Feineis D, Bringmann G, Efferth T, Dawood M. Molecular determinants of the response of cancer cells towards geldanamycin and its derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110677. [PMID: 37586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Geldanamycin is an ansamycin-derivative of a benzoquinone isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It inhibits tyrosine kinases and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Geldanamycin and 11 derivatives were subjected to molecular docking to HSP90, and 17-desmethoxy-17-N,N-dimethylamino-geldanamycin (17-DMAG) was the compound with the highest binding affinity (-7.73 ± 0.12 kcal/mol) and the lowest inhibition constant (2.16 ± 0.49 μM). Therefore, 17-DMAG was selected for further experiments in comparison to geldanamycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major problem for successful cancer therapy. We tested geldanamycin and 17-DMAG against various drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Although geldanamycin and 17-DMAG inhibited the proliferation in all cell lines tested, multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 cells were cross-resistant, ΔEGFR-overexpressing tumor cells and p53 knockout cells were sensitive to these two compounds. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed, and 60 genes were identified to predict the sensitivity or resistance of 59 NCI tumor cell lines towards geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. The distribution of cell lines according to their mRNA expression profiles indicated sensitivity or resistance to both compounds with statistical significance. Moreover, bioinformatic tools were used to study possible mechanisms of action of geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. Galaxy Cistrome analyses were carried out to predict transcription factor binding motifs in the promoter regions of the candidate genes. Interestingly, the NF-ĸB DNA binding motif (Rel) was identified as the top transcription factor. Furthermore, these 60 genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to study the signaling pathway interactions of these genes. Interestingly, IPA also revealed the NF-ĸB pathway as the top network among these genes. Finally, NF-ĸB reporter assays confirmed the bioinformatic prediction, and both geldanamycin and 17-DMAG significantly inhibited NF-κB activity after exposure for 24 h. In conclusion, geldanamycin and 17-DMAG exhibited cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines. Their activity was not restricted to HSP90 but indicated an involvement of the NF-KB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daycem Khelifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y, Sapozhnikov A. Heat Shock Proteins in Lymphoma Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660085. [PMID: 33815422 PMCID: PMC8012763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy harnessing the host immune system for tumor destruction revolutionized oncology research and advanced treatment strategies for lymphoma patients. Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of cancer, where the central roles in pathogenesis play immune evasion and dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Immunotherapy-based approaches such as engineered T cells (CAR T), immune checkpoint modulators and NK cell-based therapies are now in the frontline of lymphoma research. Even though emerging immunotherapies showed promising results in treating lymphoma patients, low efficacy and on-target/off-tumor toxicity are of a major concern. To address that issue it is suggested to look into the emerging role of heat shock proteins. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed to be highly expressed in lymphoma cells. HSPs are known for their abilities to modulate immune responses and inhibit apoptosis, which made their successful entry into cancer clinical trials. Here, we explore the role of HSPs in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their involvement in CAR T therapy, checkpoint blockade and NK cell- based therapies. Understanding the role of HSPs in lymphoma pathogenesis and the ways how HSPs may enhance anti-tumor responses, may help in the development of more effective, specific and safe immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Gamboa-Cedeño AM, Díaz M, Cristaldo N, Otero V, Schutz N, Fantl D, Cugliari S, Zerga M, Rojas-Bilbao E, Jauk F, García Rivello H, Nuñez M, Ranuncolo SM. Apoptotic regulator BCL-2 blockade as a potential therapy in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Life Sci 2021; 268:118979. [PMID: 33421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The challenge in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) management is the 30-40% of refractory/relapsed cases. AIMS The aim of this work was to determine whether NIK and BCL-2 could be useful as prognosis biomarkers in cHL. In addition, we evaluated BCL-2 as a directed-therapy in cHL cell lines using venetoclax. MAIN METHODS We evaluated NIK and BCL-2 expression in 112 untreated cHL patients' lymph-node biopsies by immunohistochemistry. cHL cell lines were treated with venetoclax alone or combined with vincristine or doxorubicin. Cell viability, metabolic activity and cell death were analyzed by trypan-blue exclusion method, MTS assay and FDA/IP staining respectively. KEY FINDINGS No correlation between NIK or BCL-2 expression and the majority of the clinical parameters was found. Patients with ≥60% BCL-2+ HRS-cells had a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002, p = 0.02 respectively). A decision tree analysis, in a 30 patients subgroup, showed that patients with <60% NIK+ HRS-cells but with ≥60% BCL-2+ HRS-cells had a worse outcome in terms of DFS and OS. These parameters performed better as prognosis indicators as compared to the diagnosis bone marrow status. Human cHL cell lines U-H01, KM-H2, L1236, SUPHD1, L540 showed sensitivity to venetoclax. The co-treatment effect of venetoclax and vincristine or doxorubicin on cell viability was diverse depending on the cell line evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE BCL-2 should be considered as a prognosis biomarker as well as a potential new therapeutic target in cHL. We report for the first time the cytotoxic effect of venetoclax in human cHL cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology "A.H. Roffo", School of Medicine (FMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Nancy Cristaldo
- Hematology, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Otero
- Hematology, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Schutz
- Hematology, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dorotea Fantl
- Hematology, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Cugliari
- Hematology, Institute of Oncology "A.H. Roffo", School of Medicine (FMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Zerga
- Hematology, Institute of Oncology "A.H. Roffo", School of Medicine (FMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erica Rojas-Bilbao
- Pathology, Institute of Oncology "A.H. Roffo", School of Medicine (FMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Jauk
- Sequencing Laboratory, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Myriam Nuñez
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (FFyB), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella Maris Ranuncolo
- Traslational Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Institute (IMTIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research Area, Institute of Oncology "A.H. Roffo", School of Medicine (FMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
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4
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Independent Mechanisms Lead to Genomic Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Microsatellite or Chromosomal Instability †. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070233. [PMID: 30011886 PMCID: PMC6071189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microsatellite and chromosomal instability have been investigated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Materials and Methods: We studied seven HL cell lines (five Nodular Sclerosis (NS) and two Mixed Cellularity (MC)) and patient peripheral blood lymphocytes (100 NS-HL and 23 MC-HL). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed by PCR. Chromosomal instability and telomere dysfunction were investigated by FISH. DNA repair mechanisms were studied by transcriptomic and molecular approaches. Results: In the cell lines, we observed high MSI in L428 (4/5), KMH2, and HDLM2 (3/5), low MSI in L540, L591, and SUP-HD1, and none in L1236. NS-HL cell lines showed telomere shortening, associated with alterations of nuclear shape. Small cells were characterized by telomere loss and deletion, leading to chromosomal fusion, large nucleoplasmic bridges, and breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles, leading to chromosomal instability. The MC-HL cell lines showed substantial heterogeneity of telomere length. Intrachromosmal double strand breaks induced dicentric chromosome formation, high levels of micronucleus formation, and small nucleoplasmic bridges. B/F/B cycles induced complex chromosomal rearrangements. We observed a similar pattern in circulating lymphocytes of NS-HL and MC-HL patients. Transcriptome analysis confirmed the differences in the DNA repair pathways between the NS and MC cell lines. In addition, the NS-HL cell lines were radiosensitive and the MC-cell lines resistant to apoptosis after radiation exposure. Conclusions: In mononuclear NS-HL cells, loss of telomere integrity may present the first step in the ongoing process of chromosomal instability. Here, we identified, MSI as an additional mechanism for genomic instability in HL.
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Cuceu C, Hempel WM, Sabatier L, Bosq J, Carde P, M'kacher R. Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040091. [PMID: 29587466 PMCID: PMC5923346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15–20% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Cuceu
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - William M Hempel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Departement of Anapathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Radhia M'kacher
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
- Cell Environment, DNA damages R&D, Oncology section, 75020 Paris, France.
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6
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Targeting Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells with an Inhibitor of Heat-Shock Protein 90: Molecular Pathways of Response and Potential Mechanisms of Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534015 PMCID: PMC5877697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cells overexpress heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), an important intracellular signaling hub regulating cell survival, which is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we report the antitumor effect of celastrol, an anti-inflammatory compound and a recognized HSP90 inhibitor, in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cell lines. Two disparate responses were recorded. In KM-H2 cells, celastrol inhibited cell proliferation, induced G0/G1 arrest, and triggered apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3/7. Conversely, L428 cells exhibited resistance to the compound. A proteomic screening identified a total of 262 differentially expressed proteins in sensitive KM-H2 cells and revealed that celastrol’s toxicity involved the suppression of the MAPK/ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway. The apoptotic effects were preceded by a decrease in RAS (proto-oncogene protein Ras), p-ERK1/2 (phospho-extracellular signal-regulated Kinase-1/2), and c-Fos (proto-oncogene protein c-Fos) protein levels, as validated by immunoblot analysis. The L428 resistant cells exhibited a marked induction of HSP27 mRNA and protein after celastrol treatment. Our results provide the first evidence that celastrol has antitumor effects in cHL cells through the suppression of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Resistance to celastrol has rarely been described, and our results suggest that in cHL it may be mediated by the upregulation of HSP27. The antitumor properties of celastrol against cHL and whether the disparate responses observed in vitro have clinical correlates deserve further research.
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7
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Winkler GC, Barle EL, Galati G, Kluwe WM. Functional differentiation of cytotoxic cancer drugs and targeted cancer therapeutics. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:46-53. [PMID: 24956585 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is no nationally or internationally binding definition of the term "cytotoxic drug" although this term is used in a variety of regulations for pharmaceutical development and manufacturing of drugs as well as in regulations for protecting medical personnel from occupational exposure in pharmacy, hospital, and other healthcare settings. The term "cytotoxic drug" is frequently used as a synonym for any and all oncology or antineoplastic drugs. Pharmaceutical companies generate and receive requests for assessments of the potential hazards of drugs regularly - including cytotoxicity. This publication is intended to provide functional definitions that help to differentiate between generically-cytotoxic cancer drugs of significant risk to normal human tissues, and targeted cancer therapeutics that pose much lesser risks. Together with specific assessments, it provides comprehensible guidance on how to assess the relevant properties of cancer drugs, and how targeted therapeutics discriminate between cancer and normal cells. The position of several regulatory agencies in the long-term is clearly to regulate all drugs regardless of classification, according to scientific risk based data. Despite ongoing discussions on how to replace the term "cytotoxic drugs" in current regulations, it is expected that its use will continue for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian C Winkler
- Novartis Pharma AG NIBR, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Giuseppe Galati
- Patheon Inc., 2100 Syntex Court, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 7K9, Canada.
| | - William M Kluwe
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, NIBR, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936-1080, USA.
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8
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Haaland I, Opsahl JA, Berven FS, Reikvam H, Fredly HK, Haugse R, Thiede B, McCormack E, Lain S, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Molecular mechanisms of nutlin-3 involve acetylation of p53, histones and heat shock proteins in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:116. [PMID: 24885082 PMCID: PMC4032636 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small-molecule MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3 has proved to be an effective p53 activating therapeutic compound in several preclinical cancer models, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We and others have previously reported a vigorous acetylation of the p53 protein by nutlin-treatment. In this study we aimed to investigate the functional role of this p53 acetylation in nutlin-sensitivity, and further to explore if nutlin-induced protein acetylation in general could indicate novel targets for the enhancement of nutlin-based therapy. RESULTS Nutlin-3 was found to enhance the acetylation of p53 in the human AML cell line MOLM-13 (wild type TP53) and in TP53 null cells transfected with wild type p53 cDNA. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with immunoprecipitation using an anti-acetyl-lysine antibody and mass spectrometry analysis identified increased levels of acetylated Histone H2B, Hsp27 and Hsp90 in MOLM-13 cells after nutlin-treatment, accompanied by downregulation of total levels of Hsp27 and Hsp90. Intracellular levels of heat shock proteins Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90α were correlated to nutlin-sensitivity for primary AML cells (n = 40), and AML patient samples with low sensitivity to nutlin-3 tended to express higher levels of heat shock proteins than more responsive samples. Combination therapy of nutlin-3 and Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin demonstrated synergistic induction of apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Finally, TP53 null cells transfected with a p53 acetylation defective mutant demonstrated decreased heat shock protein acetylation and sensitivity to nutlin-3 compared to wild type p53 expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results demonstrate that nutlin-3 induces acetylation of p53, histones and heat shock proteins, and indicate that p53 acetylation status and the levels of heat shock proteins may participate in modulation of nutlin-3 sensitivity in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Jill A Opsahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Hanne K Fredly
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Haugse
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171777, Sweden
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
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Van Maerken T, Rihani A, Van Goethem A, De Paepe A, Speleman F, Vandesompele J. Pharmacologic activation of wild-type p53 by nutlin therapy in childhood cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:157-65. [PMID: 24262662 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A peculiar feature of several types of childhood cancer is that loss-of-function mutations of the TP53 (p53) tumor suppressor gene are uncommon, in contrast to many adult tumors. As p53 needs to be inactivated in order for tumor cells to survive and thrive, pediatric tumors typically make use of other mechanisms to keep p53 in check. One of the critical negative regulators of p53 is the MDM2 oncoprotein. Many anticancer drug development efforts in the past decade have therefore been devoted to the discovery and optimization of small molecules that selectively disrupt the interaction between MDM2 and p53, which could provide, in principle, a potent means to restore p53 function in tumor cells with wild-type p53. The nutlins are the class of selective inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction that are currently most advanced in their clinical development. We review here the preclinical data that support the potential therapeutic use of nutlin drugs in the treatment of various pediatric tumors, including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van Maerken
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ali Rihani
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Van Goethem
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Jungkunz-Stier I, Zekl M, Stühmer T, Einsele H, Seggewiss-Bernhardt R. Modulation of natural killer cell effector functions through lenalidomide/dasatinib and their combined effects against multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:168-76. [PMID: 23573828 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.794270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor dasatinib blocks the constitutive activation of oncogenic Src kinases in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and potentially enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity. Therefore, we tested combination effects of dasatinib and lenalidomide regarding MM cell viability and NK cell effector functions. The drug combination mostly had little influence on the viability of MM cell lines, and produced mixed results on primary MM cells. Prolonged lenalidomide treatment enhanced NK cell effector functions, and dasatinib addition at late stages of NK cell expansion increased levels of CD107a/b and interferon-γ (IFNγ), but not of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Additive effects were observed for the enhancement of cytokine production and degranulation, but only lenalidomide increased NK cell cytotoxicity against MM cells. This effect correlated with increased TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression and was attenuated by dasatinib, or suppressors of TRAIL or TNFα. Our data thus indicate a functional role for the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system in lenalidomide-mediated NK-cell activity against MM cells, but also show that dasatinib is unsuitable to support or boost this effect.
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11
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Saha MN, Qiu L, Chang H. Targeting p53 by small molecules in hematological malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:23. [PMID: 23531342 PMCID: PMC3614876 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a powerful tumor suppressor and is an attractive cancer therapeutic target. A breakthrough in cancer research came from the discovery of the drugs which are capable of reactivating p53 function. Most anti-cancer agents, from traditional chemo- and radiation therapies to more recently developed non-peptide small molecules exert their effects by enhancing the anti-proliferative activities of p53. Small molecules such as nutlin, RITA, and PRIMA-1 that can activate p53 have shown their anti-tumor effects in different types of hematological malignancies. Importantly, nutlin and PRIMA-1 have successfully reached the stage of phase I/II clinical trials in at least one type of hematological cancer. Thus, the pharmacological activation of p53 by these small molecules has a major clinical impact on prognostic use and targeted drug design. In the current review, we present the recent achievements in p53 research using small molecules in hematological malignancies. Anticancer activity of different classes of compounds targeting the p53 signaling pathway and their mechanism of action are discussed. In addition, we discuss how p53 tumor suppressor protein holds promise as a drug target for recent and future novel therapies in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manujendra N Saha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Che Y, Best OG, Zhong L, Kaufman KL, Mactier S, Raftery M, Graves LM, Mulligan SP, Christopherson RI. Hsp90 Inhibitor SNX-7081 Dysregulates Proteins Involved with DNA Repair and Replication and the Cell Cycle in Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1710-22. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301055y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Che
- Cancer Proteomics Laboratory,
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - O. Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre,
Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry
Facility, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kimberley L. Kaufman
- Cancer Proteomics Laboratory,
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Swetlana Mactier
- Cancer Proteomics Laboratory,
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry
Facility, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lee M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599-7365, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mulligan
- Northern Blood Research Centre,
Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Richard I. Christopherson
- Cancer Proteomics Laboratory,
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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13
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Lamprecht B, Kreher S, Möbs M, Sterry W, Dörken B, Janz M, Assaf C, Mathas S. The tumour suppressor p53 is frequently nonfunctional in Sézary syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:240-6. [PMID: 22384858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group with Sézary syndrome (SS) as one of the most aggressive variants. Recently, we identified a loss of E2A as a recurrent event in SS, which enhanced proliferation via upregulation of the proto-oncogene MYC. MYC-induced transformation usually requires deleterious alterations of key apoptotic genes including p53; however, p53 functionality and mutation status in SS are unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated functionality of p53 signalling by pharmacological treatment with the MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3, which might result in p53 activation. Furthermore, we analysed the TP53 mutation status in CTCL cell lines and highly purified tumour cells from patients with SS by mRNA and DNA sequencing. METHODS We analysed the apoptosis induction due to nutlin-3 treatment in various SS cell lines and primary patient samples by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Induction of p53 target genes was analysed by immunoblotting, and TP53 was sequenced at the mRNA and DNA level. RESULTS We identified various TP53 mutations and an impaired p53 signalling in the vast majority of the investigated cell lines and primary SS cells. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with the importance of MYC deregulation in SS, p53 signalling is frequently nonfunctional in SS. However, although most likely ineffective as exclusive treatment in SS, it remains possible that pharmacological p53 activation could be beneficial in combination with other approaches including classical chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lamprecht
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Steinbrunn T, Siegmund D, Andrulis M, Grella E, Kortüm M, Einsele H, Wajant H, Bargou RC, Stühmer T. Integrin-linked kinase is dispensable for multiple myeloma cell survival. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1165-71. [PMID: 22658851 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the utility of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a target for therapeutic intervention in multiple myeloma (MM). ILK (over-)expression was assessed in primary samples and MM cell lines, and the molecular and physiological consequences of siRNA-mediated ILK ablation were compared to treatment with the small molecule inhibitor QLT0267. Whereas ILK expression was ubiquitous, overexpression was only rarely observed in patient biopsies. ILK knockdown had no effect on the viability or survival pathway activity pattern of MM cells. Conversely, QLT0267 induced cell death in MM cell lines and most primary tumor samples via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Although this effect was largely tumor cell-specific it is unlikely to have been mediated via ILK. We conclude that ILK does not play a prominent role in the promotion or sustenance of established MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Gibcus JH, Kroesen BJ, Koster R, Halsema N, de Jong D, de Jong S, Poppema S, Kluiver J, Diepstra A, van den Berg A. MiR-17/106b seed family regulates p21 in Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Pathol 2011; 225:609-17. [PMID: 21953646 DOI: 10.1002/path.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a B cell-derived lymphoma characterized by a minority of malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells that have lost their normal B cell phenotype. Alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis pathways might contribute to their resistance to apoptosis and sustained cell cycle progression. A key player in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is CDKN1A, encoding p21$^{{\rm{waf/cip1}}}$ (p21). P21 is regulated by p53 and can function as a cell cycle inhibitor when in the nucleus or as an apoptosis inhibitor when localized in the cytoplasm. We observed expression of p53, p21 and p-p21 in a variable number of HRS cells in 24 of 40 cases. Expression of miR-17 and miR-106a was detected in HRS cells of 10 HL cases. MiR-17/106b seed family members, CDKN1A RNA and p21 protein levels were variable in HL cell lines. We showed effective targeting of the CDKN1A 3' UTR by miR-17/106b in HL cell lines in a luciferase reporter assay and up-regulation of p21 protein levels upon anti-miR-17 treatment of KM-H2 cells. Functional studies indicated a p21-mediated G(1) arrest after miR-17/106b down-regulation in KM-H2, whereas no G(1) arrest was observed for U-HO1 and L428. This difference could not be explained by differences in the 3' UTR, the cellular location of p21 or expression variation during cell cycle progression. A strong correlation was observed for the miR-17/106b:CDKN1A ratio and the responsiveness to miR-17 inhibition, ie a low ratio in KM-H2 and an extremely high ratio in the two unresponsive HL cell lines. In conclusion, we show that miR-17/106b regulates p21 protein levels in HL and that the effect of miR-17/106b-mediated inhibition depends on the miRNA : target gene ratio. Thus, in HL high miR-17/106b expression contributes to a dysfunctional p53 pathway and thereby also to the malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Gibcus
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Disruption of the MDM2-p53 interaction strongly potentiates p53-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human testicular carcinoma cells via the Fas/FasL pathway. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e148. [PMID: 21509038 PMCID: PMC3122064 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild-type p53 has a major role in the response and execution of apoptosis after chemotherapy in many cancers. Although high levels of wild-type p53 and hardly any TP53 mutations are found in testicular cancer (TC), chemotherapy resistance is still observed in a significant subgroup of TC patients. In the present study, we demonstrate that p53 resides in a complex with MDM2 at higher cisplatin concentrations in cisplatin-resistant human TC cells compared with cisplatin-sensitive TC cells. Inhibition of the MDM2–p53 interaction using either Nutlin-3 or MDM2 RNA interference resulted in hyperactivation of the p53 pathway and a strong induction of apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant TC cells. Suppression of wild-type p53 induced resistance to Nutlin-3 in TC cells, demonstrating the key role of p53 for Nutlin-3 sensitivity. More specifically, our results indicate that p53-dependent induction of Fas membrane expression (∼threefold) and enhanced Fas/FasL interactions at the cell surface are important mechanisms of Nutlin-3-induced apoptosis in TC cells. Importantly, an analogous Fas-dependent mechanism of apoptosis upon Nutlin-3 treatment is executed in wild-type p53 expressing Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate that Nutlin-3 strongly augmented cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell kill via the Fas death receptor pathway. This effect is most pronounced in cisplatin-resistant TC cells.
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17
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Drakos E, Singh RR, Rassidakis GZ, Schlette E, Li J, Claret FX, Ford RJ, Vega F, Medeiros LJ. Activation of the p53 pathway by the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3a overcomes BCL2 overexpression in a preclinical model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21). Leukemia 2011; 25:856-67. [PMID: 21394100 PMCID: PMC3094765 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
p53 is frequently wild type (wt) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21) that overexpresses BCL2. Nutlin-3a is a small molecule that activates the p53 pathway by disrupting p53–MDM2 interaction. We show that nutlin-3a activates p53 in DLBCL cells associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21), BCL2 overexpression and wt p53, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nutlin-3a treatment had similar effects on DLBCL cells of activated B-cell phenotype with wt p53. Cell cycle arrest was associated with upregulation of p21. Nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis was accompanied by BAX and PUMA upregulation, BCL-XL downregulation, serine-70 dephosphorylation of BCL2, direct binding of BCL2 by p53, caspase-9 upregulation and caspase-3 cleavage. Cell death was reduced when p53-dependent transactivation activity was inhibited by pifithrin-α (PFT-α), or PFT-μ inhibited direct p53 targeting of mitochondria. Nutlin-3a sensitized activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by BCL2 inhibitors in t(14;18)-positive DLBCL cells with wt p53, and enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity against t(14;18)-positive DLBCL cells with wt or mutant p53, the latter in part via p73 upregulation. Nutlin-3a treatment in a xenograft animal lymphoma model inhibited growth of t(14;18)-positive DLBCL tumors, associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. These data suggest that disruption of the p53–MDM2 interaction by nutlin-3a offers a novel therapeutic approach for DLBCL associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Drakos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Stadelman K, Chappell WH, Lahair M, Ferland RA, Steelman LS. Targeting signal transduction pathways to eliminate chemotherapeutic drug resistance and cancer stem cells. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 2009; 50:285-307. [PMID: 19895837 PMCID: PMC2862855 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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The therapeutic potential of p53 reactivation by nutlin-3a in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with wild-type or mutated p53. Leukemia 2009; 23:2290-9. [PMID: 19741726 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53 is expressed frequently, but is rarely mutated in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) tumours. Nutlin-3a is a recently developed small molecule that targets Mdm2, a critical negative regulator of p53, and disrupts the p53-Mdm2 interaction resulting in p53 stabilization and activation. We show that nutlin-3a activates p53 in ALK+ ALCL cells carrying a wild type (wt) or mutated but partially functional p53 gene resulting in p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest was associated with upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Nutlin-3a-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by Bax and Puma upregulation, downregulation of Bcl-xl, survivin, and caspase-3 cleavage, and this was reduced when p53-dependent transactivation activity was inhibited by pifithrin-alpha, or when pifithrin-mu was used to inhibit direct p53 targeting of mitochondria. Nutlin-3a sensitized the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in wt-p53 ALK+ ALCL cells, in part, through upregulation of DR-5 and downregulation of c-Flip(S/L), and was synergistic with TRAIL in cell death induction. In addition, nutlin-3a treatment enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity against ALK+ ALCL cells harbouring mt p53, and this was associated with p73 upregulation. These data suggest that disruption of the p53-mdm2 interaction by nutlin-3a offers a novel therapeutic approach for ALK+ ALCL patients.
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20
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Stühmer T, Chatterjee M, Grella E, Seggewiss R, Langer C, Müller S, Schoepfer J, Garcia-Echeverria C, Quadt C, Jensen MR, Einsele H, Bargou RC. Anti-myeloma activity of the novel 2-aminothienopyrimidine Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800. Br J Haematol 2009; 147:319-27. [PMID: 19686236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kD heat shock protein (Hsp90) molecular chaperone sustains multiple components of oncogenic pathways and has recently emerged as a therapeutic target that is now being clinically tested in a number of malignancies. In order to address formulation issues and to deal with possible resistance mechanisms against small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors, a range of compounds based on different molecular scaffolds are now being developed. The present study preclinically tested the effects of the novel 2-aminothienopyrimidine class Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-BEP800, which is suitable for oral formulations, on multiple myeloma cells from established cell lines and on a larger cohort (n = 40) of primary myeloma samples. The drug effectively and specifically killed the majority of primary myeloma cells in coculture with bone marrow stromal cells and reliably entailed molecular consequences of Hsp90 blockade - such as survival pathway breakdown and client protein depletion - in multiple myeloma cells from cell lines as well as from patients. Collectively, the properties of this novel drug support clinical testing in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stühmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Haematology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany.
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21
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Böll B, Eltaib F, Reiners KS, von Tresckow B, Tawadros S, Simhadri VR, Burrows FJ, Lundgren K, Hansen HP, Engert A, von Strandmann EP. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitor BIIB021 (CNF2024) depletes NF-kappaB and sensitizes Hodgkin's lymphoma cells for natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5108-16. [PMID: 19671844 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Hodgkin's lymphoma, constitutive activation of NF-kappaB promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has immune regulatory activity and supports the activation of NF-kappaB in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the effect of HSP90 inhibition on viability and NF-kappaB activity in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells and the consequences for their recognition and killing through natural killer (NK) cells. RESULTS The novel orally administrable HSP90 inhibitor BIIB021 (CNF2024) inhibited Hodgkin's lymphoma cell viability at low nanomolar concentrations in synergy with doxorubicin and gemcitabine. Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D binding assay revealed that BIIB021 selectively induced cell death in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells but not in lymphocytes from healthy individuals. We observed that BIIB021 inhibited the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB and this was independent of IkappaB mutations. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HSP90 inhibition on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. BIIB021 induced the expression of ligands for the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D on Hodgkin's lymphoma cells resulting in an increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing. In a xenograft model of Hodgkin's lymphoma, HSP90 inhibition significantly delayed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS HSP90 inhibition has direct antitumor activity in Hodgkin's lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, HSP90 inhibition may sensitize Hodgkin's lymphoma cells for NK cell-mediated killing via up-regulation of ligands engaging activating NK cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Böll
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Cheung KJJ, Horsman DE, Gascoyne RD. The significance ofTP53in lymphoid malignancies: mutation prevalence, regulation, prognostic impact and potential as a therapeutic target. Br J Haematol 2009; 146:257-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Schoof N, von Bonin F, Trümper L, Kube D. HSP90 is essential for Jak-STAT signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7:17. [PMID: 19607667 PMCID: PMC2714310 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) chemotherapeutic regimens are associated with stagnant rates of secondary malignancies requiring the development of new therapeutic strategies. We and others have shown that permanently activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) molecules are essential for cHL cells. Recently an overexpression of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) in cHL cells has been shown and inhibition of HSP90 seems to affect cHL cell survival. Here we analysed the effects of HSP90 inhibition by geldanamycin derivative 17-AAG or RNA interference (RNAi) on aberrant Jak-STAT signaling in cHL cells. Treatment of cHL cell lines with 17-AAG led to reduced cell proliferation and a complete inhibition of STAT1, -3, -5 and -6 tyrosine phosphorylation probably as a result of reduced protein expression of Janus kinases (Jaks). RNAi-mediated inhibition of HSP90 showed similar effects on Jak-STAT signaling in L428 cHL cells. These results suggest a central role of HSP90 in permanently activated Jak-STAT signaling in cHL cells. Therapeutics targeting HSP90 may be a promising strategy in cHL and other cancer entities associated with deregulated Jak-STAT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schoof
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center of the Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Tabe Y, Sebasigari D, Jin L, Rudelius M, Davies-Hill T, Miyake K, Miida T, Pittaluga S, Raffeld M. MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3 displays antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in mantle cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:933-42. [PMID: 19188164 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has one of the poorest prognoses of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. We wished to determine whether Nutlin-3, a novel small-molecule murine double minute 2 (MDM2) antagonist that efficiently activates TP53, might be effective in inducing cell death in MCL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MCL cell lines with known TP53 status were treated with Nutlin-3, and biological and biochemical consequences were studied. Synergies with the prototypic genotoxic agent doxorubicin and the novel proteasome inhibitor bortezomib were assessed. RESULTS Nutlin-3 resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation/viability (IC50 < 10 micromol/L), an increase in the apoptotic fraction, and cell cycle arrest in wild-type (wt) TP53 Z-138 and Granta 519 cells. These effects were accompanied by TP53 accumulation and induction of TP53-dependent proteins p21, MDM2, Puma, and Noxa. Cell cycle arrest was characterized by suppression of S phase and an increase in the G0-G1 and G2-M fractions and accompanied by suppression of total and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and a decrease in G2-M-associated proteins cyclin B and CDC2. The combination of Nutlin-3 with doxorubicin or bortezomib was synergistic in wt-TP53 MCL cells. Nutlin-3 also induced cell cycle arrest and reduced cell viability in the mutant TP53 MINO cells but at a significantly higher IC50 (22.5 micromol/L). These effects were associated with induction of the TP53 homologue p73, slight increases in p21 and Noxa, and caspase activation. Nutlin-3 and bortezomib synergistically inhibited cell growth of MINO. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3 may be an effective agent in the treatment of MCL with or without wt-TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tabe
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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25
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Miyachi M, Kakazu N, Yagyu S, Katsumi Y, Tsubai-Shimizu S, Kikuchi K, Tsuchiya K, Iehara T, Hosoi H. Restoration of p53 pathway by nutlin-3 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4077-84. [PMID: 19509161 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Seventy to eighty percent of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors retain wild-type p53. The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to various stresses. p53 protein levels are regulated by MDM2 through ubiquitin-dependent degradation. In this study, we evaluated whether nutlin-3, a recently developed small-molecule antagonist of MDM2, has an effect on p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cultured human RMS cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Five RMS cell lines with different p53 statuses and MDM2 expression levels were treated with nutlin-3. Gene expression patterns, cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis after nutlin-3 treatment, and antitumor activity of combination treatment with vincristine or actinomycin D were assessed. RESULTS Significant p53 activation was observed in wild-type p53 cell lines after nutlin-3 treatment. p53 activation led to cell cycle arrest in parallel with increased p21 expression. Furthermore, these cell lines underwent p53-dependent apoptosis, concomitant with elevation of proapoptotic genes and activation of caspase-3. The effect of nutlin-3 was almost the same in terms of half maximal inhibitory concentration and apoptosis whether or not MDM2 was overexpressed. Nutlin-3 did not induce either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in p53 mutant cell lines. A combination of vincristine or actinomycin D with nutlin-3 enhanced the antitumor activity in RMS cell lines with wild-type p53. CONCLUSIONS Nutlin-3 effectively restored p53 function in both normal MDM2 expression and MDM2 overexpression RMS cell lines with wild-type p53. p53 restoration therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for refractory RMS with wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Nutlin-3 up-regulates the expression of Notch1 in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cells, as part of a negative feedback antiapoptotic mechanism. Blood 2009; 113:4300-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-11-187708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The small molecule inhibitor of the MDM2/p53 interaction Nutlin-3 significantly up-regulated the steady-state mRNA and protein levels of Notch1 in TP53wild-type (OCI, SKW6.4) but not in TP53deleted (HL-60) or TP53mutated (BJAB) leukemic cell lines. A direct demonstration that NOTCH1 was a transcriptional target of p53 in leukemic cells was obtained in experiments carried out with siRNA for p53. Moreover, inhibition of Notch1 expression using Notch1-specific siRNA significantly increased cytotoxicity in TP53wild-type leukemic cells. Of note, Nutlin-3 up-regulated Notch1 expression also in primary TP53wild-type B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells and the combined use of Nutlin-3 plus pharmacological γ-secretase inhibitors of the Notch signaling showed a synergistic cytotoxicity in both TP53wild-type leukemic cell lines and primary B-CLL cells. A potential drawback of γ-secretase inhibitors was their ability to enhance osteoclastic maturation of normal circulating preosteoclasts induced by RANKL + M-CSF. Notwithstanding, Nutlin-3 completely suppressed osteoclastogenesis irrespective of the presence of γ-secretase inhibitors. Taken together, these data indicate that the p53-dependent up-regulation of Notch1 in response to Nutlin-3 represents an antiapoptotic feedback mechanism able to restrain the potential therapeutic efficacy of Nutlin-3 in hematologic malignancies. Therefore, therapeutic combinations of Nutlin-3 + γ-secretase inhibitors might potentiate the cytotoxicity of Nutlin-3 in p53wild-type leukemic cells.
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27
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Misaghian N, Ligresti G, Steelman LS, Bertrand FE, Bäsecke J, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Stivala F, Milella M, Tafuri A, Cervello M, Martelli AM, McCubrey JA. Targeting the leukemic stem cell: the Holy Grail of leukemia therapy. Leukemia 2008; 23:25-42. [PMID: 18800146 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) over a decade ago, many of their critical biological properties have been elucidated, including their distinct replicative properties, cell surface phenotypes, their increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and the involvement of growth-promoting chromosomal translocations. Of particular importance is their ability to transfer malignancy to non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. Furthermore, numerous studies demonstrate that acute myeloid leukemia arises from mutations at the level of stem cell, and chronic myeloid leukemia is also a stem cell disease. In this review, we will evaluate the main characteristics of LSCs elucidated in several well-documented leukemias. In addition, we will discuss points of therapeutic intervention. Promising therapeutic approaches include the targeting of key signal transduction pathways (for example, PI3K, Rac and Wnt) with small-molecule inhibitors and specific cell surface molecules (for example, CD33, CD44 and CD123), with effective cytotoxic antibodies. Also, statins, which are already widely therapeutically used for a variety of diseases, show potential in targeting LSCs. In addition, drugs that inhibit ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins are being extensively studied, as they are important in drug resistance-a frequent characteristic of LSCs. Although the specific targeting of LSCs is a relatively new field, it is a highly promising battleground that may reveal the Holy Grail of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Misaghian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Abstract
A cytokine-dependent (FL5.12), drug-sensitive, p53 wild type (WT) and a doxorubicin-resistant derivative line (FL/Doxo) were used to determine the mechanisms that could result in drug resistance of early hematopoietic precursor cells. Drug resistance was associated with decreased p53 induction after doxorubicin treatment, which was due to a higher level of proteasomal degradation of p53. Dominant-negative (DN) p53 genes increased the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, MDM-2 and MEK inhibitors, further substantiating the role of p53 in therapeutic sensitivity. The involvement of signal transduction and apoptotic pathways was examined, as drug resistance did not appear to be due to increased drug efflux. Drug-resistant FL/Doxo cells had higher levels of activated Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and decreased induction of apoptosis when cultured in the presence of doxorubicin than drug-sensitive FL5.12 cells. Introduction of DN MEK1 increased drug sensitivity, whereas constitutively active (CA) MEK1 or conditionally active BRAF augmented resistance, documenting the importance of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in drug resistance. MEK inhibitors synergized with chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce the IC(50). Thus the p53 and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways play key roles in drug sensitivity. Targeting these pathways may be effective in certain drug-resistant leukemias that are WT at p53.
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Signalling profile and antitumour activity of the novel Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2008; 22:1604-12. [PMID: 18480838 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We as well as others have recently shown that Hsp90 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and critically contributes to tumour cell survival. Pharmacologic blockade of Hsp90 has consistently been found to induce MM cell death. However, most data have been obtained with MM cell lines whereas knowledge about the molecular effects of pharmacologic Hsp90 blockade in primary tumour cells is limited. Furthermore, these investigations have so far focused on geldanamycin derivatives. We analysed the biochemical effects of a novel diarylisoxazole-based Hsp90 inhibitor (NVP-AUY922) on signalling pathways and cell death in a large set of primary MM tumour samples and in MM cell lines. Treated cells displayed the molecular signature and pharmacodynamic properties for abrogation of Hsp90 function, such as downregulation of multiple survival pathways and strong upregulation of Hsp70. NVP-AUY922 treatment efficiently induced MM cell apoptosis and revealed both sensitive and resistant subgroups. Sensitivity was not correlated with TP53 mutation or Hsp70 induction levels and stromal cells from the bone marrow microenvironment were unable to abrogate NVP-AUY922-induced apoptosis of MM cells. Thus, NVP-AUY922 may be a promising drug for treatment of MM and clinical studies are warranted.
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