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Knudsen KS, Lehmann S, Nielsen R, Tangedal S, Haaland I, Hiemstra PS, Eagan TM. The lower airways microbiome and antimicrobial peptides in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis differ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262082. [PMID: 34990493 PMCID: PMC8735599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lower airways microbiome and host immune response in chronic pulmonary diseases are incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate possible microbiome characteristics and key antimicrobial peptides and proteins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 12 IPF patients, 12 COPD patients and 12 healthy controls were sampled with oral wash (OW), protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL) and right lung protected sterile brushings (rPSB). The antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human beta defensins 1 and 2 (hBD-1 & hBD-2), were measured in PBAL by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene was sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME 2. Results hBD-1 levels in PBAL for IPF were lower compared with COPD. The predominant phyla in IPF were Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Actinobacteria; Proteobacteria were among top three in COPD. Differential abundance analysis at genus level showed significant differences between study groups for less abundant, mostly oropharyngeal, microbes. Alpha diversity was lower in IPF in PBAL compared to COPD (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.01), as well as in rPSB compared to COPD (p = 0.02) and controls (p = 0.04). Phylogenetic beta diversity showed significantly more similarity for IPF compared with COPD and controls. There were no significant correlations between alpha diversity and AMPs. Conclusions IPF differed in microbial diversity from COPD and controls, accompanied by differences in antimicrobial peptides. Beta diversity similarity between OW and PBAL in IPF may indicate that microaspiration contributes to changes in its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel S. Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Sverre Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Tangedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tomas M. Eagan
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Nielsen R, Xue Y, Jonassen I, Haaland I, Kommedal Ø, Wiker HG, Drengenes C, Bakke PS, Eagan TML. Repeated bronchoscopy in health and obstructive lung disease: is the airway microbiome stable? BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:342. [PMID: 34727907 PMCID: PMC8561866 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known concerning the stability of the lower airway microbiome. We have compared the microbiota identified by repeated bronchoscopy in healthy subjects and patients with ostructive lung diseaseases (OLD). METHODS 21 healthy controls and 41 patients with OLD completed two bronchoscopies. In addition to negative controls (NCS) and oral wash (OW) samples, we gathered protected bronchoalveolar lavage in two fractions (PBAL1 and PBAL2) and protected specimen brushes (PSB). After DNA extraction, we amplified the V3V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and performed paired-end sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Initial bioinformatic processing was carried out in the QIIME-2 pipeline, identifying amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with the DADA2 algorithm. Potentially contaminating ASVs were identified and removed using the decontam package in R and the sequenced NCS. RESULTS A final table of 551 ASVs consisted of 19 × 106 sequences. Alpha diversity was lower in the second exam for OW samples, and borderline lower for PBAL1, with larger differences in subjects not having received intercurrent antibiotics. Permutational tests of beta diversity indicated that within-individual changes were significantly lower than between-individual changes. A non-parametric trend test showed that differences in composition between the two exams (beta diversity) were largest in the PSBs, and that these differences followed a pattern of PSB > PBAL2 > PBAL1 > OW. Time between procedures was not associated with increased diversity. CONCLUSION The airways microbiota varied between examinations. However, there is compositional microbiota stability within a person, beyond that of chance, supporting the notion of a transient airways microbiota with a possibly more stable individual core microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Yaxin Xue
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Kommedal
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald G Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Drengenes
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas M L Eagan
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Martinsen EMH, Eagan TML, Leiten EO, Haaland I, Husebø GR, Knudsen KS, Drengenes C, Sanseverino W, Paytuví-Gallart A, Nielsen R. The pulmonary mycobiome-A study of subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248967. [PMID: 33826639 PMCID: PMC8026037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fungal part of the pulmonary microbiome (mycobiome) is understudied. We report the composition of the oral and pulmonary mycobiome in participants with COPD compared to controls in a large-scale single-centre bronchoscopy study (MicroCOPD). Methods Oral wash and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected from 93 participants with COPD and 100 controls. Fungal DNA was extracted before sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the fungal ribosomal RNA gene cluster. Taxonomic barplots were generated, and we compared taxonomic composition, Shannon index, and beta diversity between study groups, and by use of inhaled steroids. Results The oral and pulmonary mycobiomes from controls and participants with COPD were dominated by Candida, and there were more Candida in oral samples compared to BAL for both study groups. Malassezia and Sarocladium were also frequently found in pulmonary samples. No consistent differences were found between study groups in terms of differential abundance/distribution. Alpha and beta diversity did not differ between study groups in pulmonary samples, but beta diversity varied with sample type. The mycobiomes did not seem to be affected by use of inhaled steroids. Conclusion Oral and pulmonary samples differed in taxonomic composition and diversity, possibly indicating the existence of a pulmonary mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas M. L. Eagan
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise O. Leiten
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar R. Husebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristel S. Knudsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Drengenes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Rune Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Drengenes C, Eagan TML, Haaland I, Wiker HG, Nielsen R. Exploring protocol bias in airway microbiome studies: one versus two PCR steps and 16S rRNA gene region V3 V4 versus V4. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:3. [PMID: 33397283 PMCID: PMC7784388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the airway microbiome have been performed using a wide range of laboratory protocols for high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. We sought to determine the impact of number of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps (1- or 2- steps) and choice of target marker gene region (V3 V4 and V4) on the presentation of the upper and lower airway microbiome. Our analyses included lllumina MiSeq sequencing following three setups: Setup 1 (2-step PCR; V3 V4 region), Setup 2 (2-step PCR; V4 region), Setup 3 (1-step PCR; V4 region). Samples included oral wash, protected specimen brushes and protected bronchoalveolar lavage (healthy and obstructive lung disease), and negative controls. Results The number of sequences and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) decreased in order setup1 > setup2 > setup3. This trend appeared to be associated with an increased taxonomic resolution when sequencing the V3 V4 region (setup 1) and an increased number of small ASVs in setups 1 and 2. The latter was considered a result of contamination in the two-step PCR protocols as well as sequencing across multiple runs (setup 1). Although genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Rothia dominated, differences in relative abundance were observed across all setups. Analyses of beta-diversity revealed that while oral wash samples (high biomass) clustered together regardless of number of PCR steps, samples from the lungs (low biomass) separated. The removal of contaminants identified using the Decontam package in R, did not resolve differences in results between sequencing setups. Conclusions Differences in number of PCR steps will have an impact of final bacterial community descriptions, and more so for samples of low bacterial load. Our findings could not be explained by differences in contamination levels alone, and more research is needed to understand how variations in PCR-setups and reagents may be contributing to the observed protocol bias. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07252-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Drengenes
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tomas M L Eagan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald G Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Nielsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Aardal ME, Svendsen LL, Lehmann S, Eagan TM, Haaland I. A pilot study of hot-wire, ultrasonic and wedge-bellows spirometer inter- and intra-variability. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:497. [PMID: 29017612 PMCID: PMC5634838 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to compare spirometric values obtained with different types of spirometers, spirometers of same type, and repeated measurements with the same spirometer in a pulmonary function laboratory setting. RESULTS 12 healthy volunteers performed spirometry on four hot-wire (SensorMedics), two ultrasonic (Spirare) and one wedge-bellows (Vitalograph S) spirometers, according to ATS/ERS (American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) guidelines. Spirometric values were compared using linear mixed models analysis with a random intercept for subjects and a fixed effect for type of spirometer used. Confidence intervals and p values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Mean ± SD (L) values for hot-wire, ultrasonic and wedge-bellows spirometers for FVC (forced vital capacity) were 4.02 ± 0.66, 3.69 ± 0.61 and 3.93 ± 0.69, and for FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) 3.06 ± 0.44, 2.95 ± 0.44 and 3.10 ± 0.49. Significant differences were found between hot-wire and ultrasonic and between wedge-bellows and ultrasonic spirometers for FVC and FEV1, and between hot-wire and wedge-bellows spirometers for FVC but not for FEV1. There were no significant differences between spirometers of same type, and low mean differences in repeated measurements for all spirometers included. In conclusion, the pilot study shows systematically higher values for FVC and FEV1 for hot-wire and wedge-bellows compared to ultrasonic spirometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit E. Aardal
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene L. Svendsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Lehmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas M. Eagan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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6
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Martinsen EMH, Leiten EO, Eagan TML, Bakke PS, Lehmann S, Nordeide E, Svanes Ø, Haaland I, Husebø G, Grønseth R. Who participates in a bronchoscopy study, and why? Epidemiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Grønseth R, Drengenes C, Wiker HG, Tangedal S, Xue Y, Husebø GR, Svanes Ø, Lehmann S, Aardal M, Hoang T, Kalananthan T, Hjellestad Martinsen EM, Orvedal Leiten E, Aanerud M, Nordeide E, Haaland I, Jonassen I, Bakke P, Eagan T. Protected sampling is preferable in bronchoscopic studies of the airway microbiome. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00019-2017. [PMID: 28875147 PMCID: PMC5576223 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00019-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate susceptibility of oropharyngeal contamination with various bronchoscopic sampling techniques. 67 patients with obstructive lung disease and 58 control subjects underwent bronchoscopy with small-volume lavage (SVL) through the working channel, protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL) and bilateral protected specimen brush (PSB) sampling. Subjects also provided an oral wash (OW) sample, and negative control samples were gathered for each bronchoscopy procedure. DNA encoding bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced and bioinformatically processed to cluster into operational taxonomic units (OTU), assign taxonomy and obtain measures of diversity. The proportion of Proteobacteria increased, whereas Firmicutes diminished in the order OW, SVL, PBAL, PSB (p<0.01). The alpha-diversity decreased in the same order (p<0.01). Also, beta-diversity varied by sampling method (p<0.01), and visualisation of principal coordinates analyses indicated that differences in diversity were smaller between OW and SVL and OW and PBAL samples than for OW and the PSB samples. The order of sampling (left versus right first) did not influence alpha- or beta-diversity for PSB samples. Studies of the airway microbiota need to address the potential for oropharyngeal contamination, and protected sampling might represent an acceptable measure to minimise this problem. Protected bronchoscopic sampling is most suitable for identification of a distinct airway microbiomehttp://ow.ly/qIIy30eqB9M
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Grønseth
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Drengenes
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald G Wiker
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Tangedal
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yaxin Xue
- Computational Biology Unit, Dept of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Reksten Husebø
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øistein Svanes
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Lehmann
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Aardal
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tuyen Hoang
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Elise Orvedal Leiten
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Aanerud
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eli Nordeide
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Dept of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Bakke
- Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas Eagan
- Dept of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Dept of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Grønseth R, Haaland I, Wiker HG, Martinsen EMH, Leiten EO, Husebø G, Svanes Ø, Bakke PS, Eagan TM. The Bergen COPD microbiome study (MicroCOPD): rationale, design, and initial experiences. Eur Clin Respir J 2014; 1:26196. [PMID: 26557236 PMCID: PMC4629717 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v1.26196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent methodological developments, in particular new sequencing methods for bacterial RNA/DNA, have shown that microorganisms reside in airways that do not suffer from acute infection and that respiratory microbiota might vary according to airways disease status. We aim to establish high-quality sampling methods for lower airways microbiota as well as describe the respiratory microbiome in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to relate the microbiome to disease development, progression, and the host immune system. Methods The Bergen COPD microbiome study (MicroCOPD) is a longitudinal study aiming to collect data from 200 subjects with COPD as well as 150 individuals without COPD. At baseline, subjects go through a bronchoscopy in which protected specimen brushes, small-volume lavage, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial biopsies provide a unique chance to analyze the microbiota and the host immune system status. These variables will be related to baseline clinical parameters (lung function, smoking status, exacerbation frequency, arterial blood gases, comorbidities, and medications) as well as follow-up parameters (lung function changes, exacerbation frequency, mortality, and more). Results Per date more than 150 bronchoscopies have been performed, equally distributed between cases and controls, with a very low complication frequency. Conclusions MicroCOPD will provide unique data on a large material, with insight on a new field of respiratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Grønseth
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald G Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Elise O Leiten
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Husebø
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øistein Svanes
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas M Eagan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Haaland I, Opsahl JA, Berven FS, Reikvam H, Fredly HK, Haugse R, Thiede B, McCormack E, Lain S, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Molecular mechanisms of nutlin-3 involve acetylation of p53, histones and heat shock proteins in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:116. [PMID: 24885082 PMCID: PMC4032636 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small-molecule MDM2 antagonist nutlin-3 has proved to be an effective p53 activating therapeutic compound in several preclinical cancer models, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We and others have previously reported a vigorous acetylation of the p53 protein by nutlin-treatment. In this study we aimed to investigate the functional role of this p53 acetylation in nutlin-sensitivity, and further to explore if nutlin-induced protein acetylation in general could indicate novel targets for the enhancement of nutlin-based therapy. RESULTS Nutlin-3 was found to enhance the acetylation of p53 in the human AML cell line MOLM-13 (wild type TP53) and in TP53 null cells transfected with wild type p53 cDNA. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with immunoprecipitation using an anti-acetyl-lysine antibody and mass spectrometry analysis identified increased levels of acetylated Histone H2B, Hsp27 and Hsp90 in MOLM-13 cells after nutlin-treatment, accompanied by downregulation of total levels of Hsp27 and Hsp90. Intracellular levels of heat shock proteins Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90α were correlated to nutlin-sensitivity for primary AML cells (n = 40), and AML patient samples with low sensitivity to nutlin-3 tended to express higher levels of heat shock proteins than more responsive samples. Combination therapy of nutlin-3 and Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin demonstrated synergistic induction of apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Finally, TP53 null cells transfected with a p53 acetylation defective mutant demonstrated decreased heat shock protein acetylation and sensitivity to nutlin-3 compared to wild type p53 expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results demonstrate that nutlin-3 induces acetylation of p53, histones and heat shock proteins, and indicate that p53 acetylation status and the levels of heat shock proteins may participate in modulation of nutlin-3 sensitivity in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Haaland
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Jill A Opsahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, Proteomics Unit at University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Hanne K Fredly
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Haugse
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0317, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171777, Sweden
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5021, Norway
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Kloster MM, Naderi EH, Haaland I, Gjertsen BT, Blomhoff HK, Naderi S. cAMP signalling inhibits p53 acetylation and apoptosis via HDAC and SIRT deacetylases. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1815-21. [PMID: 23483263 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of cAMP signalling potently inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by promoting the turnover of p53 protein. Recently, we showed that the cAMP-induced destabilization of p53 in DNA-damaged cells occurs as a result of enhanced interaction between p53 and HDM2. In this report, we present results showing that increased levels of cAMP in cells with DNA damage enhances the deacetylation of p53, an event that facilitates the interaction of p53 with HDM2, thus annulling the stabilizing effect of DNA damage on p53. The combined inhibition of the HDAC and SIRT1 deacetylases abolished the cAMP-mediated deacetylation of p53, implying that cAMP-mediated deacetylation of p53 is dependent on the activity of these two classes of histone deacetylases. Importantly, diminishing the activity of HDACs and SIRT1 was also found to reverse the inhibitory effect of cAMP on the DNA damage-induced p53 stabilization and apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of the p53 acetylation pathway in the anti-apoptotic effect of cAMP signalling.
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Abstract
Myeloid leukemias are a heterogeneous group of diseases originating from bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells. Patients with myeloid leukemias can achieve long-term survival through targeted therapy, cure after intensive chemotherapy or short-term survival because of highly chemoresistant disease. Therefore, despite the development of advanced molecular diagnostics, there is an unmet need for efficient therapy that reflects the advanced diagnostics. Although the molecular design of therapeutic agents is aimed at interacting with specific proteins identified through molecular diagnostics, the majority of therapeutic agents act on multiple protein targets. Ongoing studies on the leukemic cell proteome will probably identify a large number of new biomarkers, and the prediction of response to therapy through these markers is an interesting avenue for future personalized medicine. Mass spectrometric protein detection is a fundamental technique in clinical proteomics, and selected tools are presented, including stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), as well as single cell determination. We suggest that protein analysis will play not only a supplementary, but also a prominent role in future molecular diagnostics, and we outline how accurate knowledge of the molecular therapeutic targets can be used to monitor therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun M Hjelle
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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12
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Wergeland L, Sjøholt G, Haaland I, Hovland R, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Pre-apoptotic response to therapeutic DNA damage involves protein modulation of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:33. [PMID: 17498302 PMCID: PMC1876473 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by non-mutated TP53, high levels of Hdm2, and frequent mutation of the Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase. The juxtamembrane mutation of FLT3 is the strongest independent marker for disease relapse and is associated with elevated Bcl-2 protein and p53 hyper-phosphorylation in AML. DNA damage forms the basic mechanism of cancer cell eradication in current therapy of AML. Hdm2 and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 members are among the most intensely induced genes immediately after chemotherapy and Hdm2 is proposed a role in receptor tyrosine kinase regulation. Thus we examined the DNA damage related modulation of these proteins in relation to FLT3 mutational status and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Within one hour after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), the AML cells (NB4, MV4-11, HL-60, primary AML cells) showed an increase in Flt3 protein independent of mRNA levels, while the Hdm2 protein decreased. The FLT3 mutant MV4-11 cells were resistant to IR accompanied by presence of both Mcl-1 and Hdm2 protein three hours after IR. In contrast, the FLT3 wild type NB4 cells responded to IR with apoptosis and pre-apoptotic Mcl-1 down regulation. Daunorubicin (DNR) induced continuing down regulation of Hdm2 and Mcl-1 in both cell lines followed by apoptosis. CONCLUSION Both IR and DNR treatment resulted in concerted protein modulations of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3. Cell death induction was associated with persistent attenuation of Mcl-1 and Hdm2. These observations suggest that defining the pathway(s) modulating Flt3, Hdm2 and Mcl-1 may propose new strategies to optimize therapy for the relapse prone FLT3 mutated AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Wergeland
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gry Sjøholt
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Proteomic Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Abstract
The anti-oncogene TP53 is frequently mutated in human cancer, but in hematological malignancies this is a rare feature. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more than 90% of the patients comprise wild type TP53 in their cancer cells, but if TP53 is mutated or deleted the disease is often found to be chemoresistant. In this review we define proteomics of the oncogene product p53 as the study of proteins in the p53 regulating signaling networks, as well as the protein study of members of the p53 family itself. Various messenger RNA splice forms as well as a multitude of post-translational modifications give a high number of protein isoforms in the p53 family. Some of the proteomic techniques allow detection of various isoforms, such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and this methodology may therefore increasingly be used as a diagnostic tool in human disease. We introduce the p53 protein as an illustration of the complexity of post-translational modifications that may affect one highly connected protein and discuss the possible impact in AML diagnostics if the p53 profile is reflecting cell stress and status of signal transduction systems of the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Anensen
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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14
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Van Belle W, Ånensen N, Haaland I, Bruserud Ø, Høgda KA, Gjertsen BT. Correlation analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoretic protein patterns and biological variables. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7:198. [PMID: 16606449 PMCID: PMC1559651 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is a powerful technique to examine post-translational modifications of complexly modulated proteins. Currently, spot detection is a necessary step to assess relations between spots and biological variables. This often proves time consuming and difficult when working with non-perfect gels. We developed an analysis technique to measure correlation between 2DE images and biological variables on a pixel by pixel basis. After image alignment and normalization, the biological parameters and pixel values are replaced by their specific rank. These rank adjusted images and parameters are then put into a standard linear Pearson correlation and further tested for significance and variance. RESULTS We validated this technique on a set of simulated 2DE images, which revealed also correct working under the presence of normalization factors. This was followed by an analysis of p53 2DE immunoblots from cancer cells, known to have unique signaling networks. Since p53 is altered through these signaling networks, we expected to find correlations between the cancer type (acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia) and the p53 profiles. A second correlation analysis revealed a more complex relation between the differentiation stage in acute myeloid leukemia and p53 protein isoforms. CONCLUSION The presented analysis method measures relations between 2DE images and external variables without requiring spot detection, thereby enabling the exploration of biosignatures of complex signaling networks in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Van Belle
- Bioinformatics Group, Norut IT, Research Park Tromsø, Postboks 6434, N9294 Tromsø, NO, Norway
| | - Nina Ånensen
- lnstitute of Medicine, Hematology Section University of Bergen, Bergen, NO, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- lnstitute of Medicine, Hematology Section University of Bergen, Bergen, NO, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- lnstitute of Medicine, Hematology Section University of Bergen, Bergen, NO, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NO, Norway
| | - Kjell-Arild Høgda
- Earth Observation Group, Norut IT, Research Park Tromsø, Postboks 6434, N9294 Troms0, NO, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- lnstitute of Medicine, Hematology Section University of Bergen, Bergen, NO, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NO, Norway
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