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Liu J, Fan H, Liang X, Chen Y. Polycomb repressor complex: Its function in human cancer and therapeutic target strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115897. [PMID: 37981459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC) plays a pivotal role in gene regulation during development and disease, with dysregulation contributing significantly to various human cancers. The intricate interplay between PRC and cellular signaling pathways sheds light on cancer complexity. PRC presents promising therapeutic opportunities, with inhibitors undergoing rigorous evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we emphasize the critical role of PRC complex in gene regulation, particularly PcG proteins mediated chromatin compaction through phase separation. We also highlight the pathological implications of PRC complex dysregulation in various tumors, elucidating underlying mechanisms driving cancer progression. The burgeoning field of therapeutic strategies targeting PRC complexes, notably EZH2 inhibitors, has advanced significantly. However, we explore the need for combination therapies to enhance PRC targeted treatments efficacy, providing a glimpse into the future of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Liu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Wu S, Zhang H, Gao C, Chen J, Li H, Meng Z, Bai J, Shen Q, Wu H, Yin T. Hyperglycemia Enhances Immunosuppression and Aerobic Glycolysis of Pancreatic Cancer Through Upregulating Bmi1-UPF1-HK2 Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1146-1165. [PMID: 35863742 PMCID: PMC9606831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that hyperglycemia promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). Approximately 80% of patients with PC are intolerant to hyperglycemic conditions. In this study, we define the role of Bmi1, a stemness-related oncogene, in controlling the Warburg effect, and immune suppression under hyperglycemia conditions. METHODS The diabetes mellitus model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The role of the hyperglycemia-Bmi1-HK2 axis in glycolysis-related immunosuppression was examined in both orthotopic and xenograft in vivo models. Evaluation of immune infiltrates was carried out by flow cytometry. Human PC cell lines, SW1990, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1, were used for mechanistic in vitro studies. RESULTS Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that hyperglycemia was strongly related to aerobic glycolysis, immunosuppression, and cancer cell stemness. High glucose condition in the tumor microenvironment promotes immune suppression by upregulating glycolysis in PC cells, which can be rescued via knockdown Bmi1 expression or after 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment. Through gain-/loss-of-function assessments, we found that Bmi1 upregulated the expression of UPF1, which enhanced the stability of HK2 mRNA and thereby increased the expression of HK2. The role of the hyperglycemia-Bmi-HK2 pathway in the inhibition of antitumor immunity was further verified via the immune-competent and immunodeficient mice model. We also demonstrated that hyperglycemia promotes the expression of Bmi1 by elevating the intracellular acetyl-CoA levels and histone H4 acetylation levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the previously unreported Bmi1-UPF1-HK2 pathway contributes to PC progression and immunosuppression, which may bring in new targets for developing effective therapies to treat patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggang Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoshun Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zibo Meng
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianwei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Tao Yin, MD, PhD, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Tel: +86 027-85351631.
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Bhattacharjee R, Ghosh S, Nath A, Basu A, Biswas O, Patil CR, Kundu CN. Theragnostic strategies harnessing the self-renewal pathways of stem-like cells in the acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 177:103753. [PMID: 35803452 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous and aggressive cancer of the Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor cells. It is distinguished by the uncontrollable clonal growth of malignant myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow, venous blood, and other body tissues. AML is the most predominant of leukemias occurring in adults (25%) and children (15-20%). The relapse after chemotherapy is a major concern in the treatment of AML. The overall 5-year survival rate in young AML patients is about 40-45% whereas in the elderly patients it is less than 10%. Leukemia stem-like cells (LSCs) having the ability to self-renew indefinitely, repopulate and persist longer in the G0/G1 phase play a crucial role in the AML relapse and refractoriness to chemotherapy. Hence, novel treatment strategies and diagnostic biomarkers targeting LSCs are being increasingly investigated. Through this review, we have explored the signaling modulations in the LSCs as the theragnostic targets. The significance of the self-renewal pathways in overcoming the treatment challenges in AML has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sharad Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asmita Basu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ojaswi Biswas
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chandragauda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, DIPSAR, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Gouda MBY, Zidane MA, Abdelhady AS, Hassan NM. Expression and prognostic significance of chromatin modulators EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1340-1355. [PMID: 35696556 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics factors are critical for normal cell function and their regulation is sensitive to malignancy development. EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b are key epigenetics players in different cancer types. However, their expression profiles and related consequences in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have not been known yet. In addition to routine lab work, expression levels of EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b were determined in 110 adult and pediatric patients with De Novo AML. Relations between their expression and patients' clinical data were tested by statistical methods. EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b were highly expressed in AML patients against control cases and associated with the presence of adverse genomic alterations. In response to induction chemotherapy, EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b showed to be significantly high in resistant and relapsed patients in comparison to the complete remission group. KDM2b overexpression was associated with CD11c (integrin alpha X) downregulation. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b overexpression was correlated with poor survival status in AML patients. We conclude that EHMT2/G9a and KDM2b expression levels could be used as independent prognostic factors for AML disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud B Y Gouda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Zidane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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García-Padilla C, Dueñas Á, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, Garcia-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. Molecular Mechanisms of lncRNAs in the Dependent Regulation of Cancer and Their Potential Therapeutic Use. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:764. [PMID: 35054945 PMCID: PMC8776057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep whole genome and transcriptome sequencing have highlighted the importance of an emerging class of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides (i.e., long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)) that are involved in multiple cellular processes such as cell differentiation, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Cancer is a prime example derived from a loss of homeostasis, primarily caused by genetic alterations both in the genomic and epigenetic landscape, which results in deregulation of the gene networks. Deregulation of the expression of many lncRNAs in samples, tissues or patients has been pointed out as a molecular regulator in carcinogenesis, with them acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Herein, we summarize the distinct molecular regulatory mechanisms described in literature in which lncRNAs modulate carcinogenesis, emphasizing epigenetic and genetic alterations in particular. Furthermore, we also reviewed the current strategies used to block lncRNA oncogenic functions and their usefulness as potential therapeutic targets in several carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ángel Dueñas
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (Á.D.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Loss of expression of both miR-15/16 loci in CML transition to blast crisis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101566118. [PMID: 33836616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101566118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances that have improved the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase, the mechanisms of the transition from chronic phase CML to blast crisis (BC) are not fully understood. Considering the key role of miR-15/16 loci in the pathogenesis of myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia, here we aimed to correlate the expression of miR-15a/16 and miR-15b/16 to progression of CML from chronic phase to BC. We analyzed the expression of the two miR-15/16 clusters in 17 CML patients in chronic phase and 22 patients in BC and in 11 paired chronic phase and BC CML patients. BC CMLs show a significant reduction of the expression of miR-15a/-15b/16 compared to CMLs in chronic phase. Moreover, BC CMLs showed an overexpression of miR-15/16 direct targets such as Bmi-1, ROR1, and Bcl-2 compared to CMLs in chronic phase. This study highlights the loss of both miR-15/16 clusters as a potential oncogenic driver in the transition from chronic phase to BC in CML patients.
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Tamburri S, Conway E, Pasini D. Polycomb-dependent histone H2A ubiquitination links developmental disorders with cancer. Trends Genet 2021; 38:333-352. [PMID: 34426021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is tightly controlled by specific transcriptional programs which require post-translational modifications of histones. These histone modifications allow the establishment and maintenance of active and repressed chromatin domains. Histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) has an essential role in building repressive chromatin domains during development. It is regulated by the counteracting activities of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and the Polycomb repressive-deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complexes, two multi-subunit ensembles that write and erase this modification, respectively. We have catalogued the recurrent genetic alterations in subunits of the PRC1 and PR-DUB complexes in both neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. These genetic lesions are often shared across disorders, and we highlight common mechanisms of H2AK119ub1 dysregulation and how they affect development in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tamburri
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Eric Conway
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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Seipel K, Kopp B, Bacher U, Pabst T. BMI1-Inhibitor PTC596 in Combination with MCL1 Inhibitor S63845 or MEK Inhibitor Trametinib in the Treatment of Acute Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030581. [PMID: 33540760 PMCID: PMC7867282 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is poor, particularly in TP53 mutated AML, secondary, relapsed, and refractory AML, and in patients unfit for intensive treatment, thus highlighting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. Targeting the stem cell oncoprotein BMI1 in leukemic cells may represent a promising novel treatment option for poor risk AML patients, especially in combination with other targeted therapies. Here we tested the BMI1 inhibitor PTC596 in combination with a variety of targeted therapies in AML cell lines and patient samples in vitro. In addition, we defined the biomarkers of response to the combination treatments in the leukemic cells. The combination treatment with the BMI1 inhibitor PTC596 and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 may be an effective treatment in CD34+ adverse risk AML with elevated MN1 gene expression and MCL1 protein levels, while combination treatment with BMI1 inhibitor PTC596 and the MEK inhibitor trametinib may be more effective in CD34+ adverse risk AML with elevated BMI1 gene expression and MEK protein levels. The determination of gene and protein expression levels in leukemic cells as biomarkers of response to targeted combination therapies may be helpful to optimize treatment efficacy. Abstract Purpose: Prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is poor, particularly in TP53 mutated AML, secondary, relapsed, and refractory AML, and in patients unfit for intensive treatment, thus highlighting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The combined use of compounds targeting the stem cell oncoprotein BMI1 and activating the tumor suppressor protein p53 may represent a promising novel treatment option for poor risk AML patients. Experimental Design: The BMI1 inhibitor PTC596, MCL1 inhibitor S63845, and MEK inhibitor trametinib, as well as the p53 activator APR-246 were assessed as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells. AML cells represented all major morphologic and molecular subtypes including FLT3-ITD and FLT3 wild type, NPM1 mutant and wild type, as well as TP53 mutant and wild type AML cell lines and a variety of patient derived AML cells. Results: AML cell lines were variably susceptible to PTC596 and to combination treatments with PTC596 and MCL1 inhibitor S63845, MEK inhibitor trametinib, or TP53 activator APR-246, independent of TP53 mutational status. Susceptibility of patient samples for PTC596 in combination with S63845 or trametinib was significant for the majority of adverse risk primary and secondary AML with minimal efficacy in favorable risk AML, and correlated significantly with CD34 positivity of the samples. BMI1 and MN1 gene expression, and MCL1 and MEK1 protein levels were identified as biomarkers for response to PTC596 combination treatments. Conclusions: The combination of PTC596 and S63845 may be an effective treatment in CD34+ adverse risk AML with elevated MN1 gene expression and MCL1 protein levels, while PTC596 and trametinib may be more effective in CD34+ adverse risk AML with elevated BMI1 gene expression and MEK protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Berne, 3008 Bern, Switzerland or (K.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Basil Kopp
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Berne, 3008 Bern, Switzerland or (K.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-8430; Fax: +41-31-632-3410
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Ke B, Ye K, Cheng S. ALKBH2 inhibition alleviates malignancy in colorectal cancer by regulating BMI1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:328. [PMID: 33302959 PMCID: PMC7731553 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The alkB homolog 2, alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (ALKBH2) gene is involved in DNA repair and is expressed in different types of malignancies. However, the role of ALKBH2 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of ALKBH2 and its function in CRC. Methods The expression levels of ALKBH2 in CRC tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR. Following that, the role of ALKBH2 in cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC cells (Caco-2 and LOVO) were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), transwell assays, and Western blotting, respectively. The effect of ALKBH2 on B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and downstream NF-κB pathway was determined by Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. Results The expression of ALKBH2 was significantly upregulated both in CRC tissues and cells. Further experiments demonstrated that reduction of ALKBH2 suppressed Caco-2 and LOVO cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, ALKBH2 knockdown also suppressed EMT, which increased E-cadherin expression and reduced N-cadherin expression. Besides, ALKBH2 silencing inhibited BMI1 expression and reduced nuclear accumulation of the NF-κB p65 protein, as well as the luciferase activity of NF-κB p65. Upregulation of BMI1 reversed the effect of ALKBH2 knockdown on the proliferation and invasion in CRC cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that suppression of ALKBH2 alleviates malignancy in CRC by regulating BMI1-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway. ALKBH2 may serve as a potential treatment target for human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Kejun Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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The Prognostic Significance of the BMI-1 and BAALC Genes in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:652-660. [PMID: 33100707 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the different expression patterns of B cell-specifics moloney murine Leukemia virus integration site-1 (BMI-1) and brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) genes, their prognostic and clinical significance in newly diagnosed cytogenetically heterogenous adult acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMI-1 and BAALC expression was detected in the bone marrow of patients using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with cut off value set at 50th percentile for both genes. BMI-1 and BAALC overexpression was detected in 50% of cases which suggest their potential as molecular markers. A statistical significant correlation was found between BMI-1 expression with hepatomegaly (P value = 0.007), hemoglobin level-grouped (P value = 0.047) and cytogenetic risk groups (P value = 0.036). There was a statistically significant correlation between BAALC and age (P value = 0.015), lymphadenopathy (P value = 0.043), CD34 expression (P value = 0.003) and near statistical significance with FAB sub-groups (P value = 0.054). No statistical significance was noted for other hematological findings and response to treatment except for BAALC gene and treatment response (P value = 0.014). No statistical significance in overall survival and disease free survival for both genes was found. Their prospective screening in combination with other molecular markers can help refine myeloid leukemia staging and prognosis toward optimizing therapeutic interventions.
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Abdel-Khalek S, Saleh LM, Abdel-Aziz S, Hyder A, Abdel-Ghaffar H. Utility of BMI-1 and NANOG expression levels in survival prediction of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 43:141-146. [PMID: 32278650 PMCID: PMC8211619 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The BMI-1 is an important component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex-1 (PRC1). It is an important molecule for the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The BMI-1 expression is generally high in HSCs and decreases after cell differentiation. The BMI-1 is required for the maintenance of normal and cancer stem cells and has been reported as an oncogene in various tumors. The NANOG is a homeodomain transcription factor responsible for maintaining the stem cell compartment at the blastocyst stage of developing embryos. The NANOG gene has been proven to be transcribed in CD34+ cells and different leukemic cells. Methods The ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of 30 pediatric ALL patients (16 B-ALL and 14 T-ALL) and 14 healthy controls. The Bmi-1 and NANOG expression levels were determined using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Compared to normal controls, patients with ALL exhibited upregulated levels of Bmi-1 (p = 0.03). Patients who overexpressed Bmi-1 and NANOG displayed a significantly worse survival than low-expressing patients (hazard ratio (HR) 5.74, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.48–22, p = 0.012 and HR 3.8, 95% CI:1.009–14.3, p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions Taken together, these data suggest that the Bmi-1 and NANOG might serve as a novel survival predictor in ALL patients. Our observation also suggests that the Bmi-1 and NANOG could serve as new therapeutic targets for treatment of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Layla M Saleh
- Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Sherin Abdel-Aziz
- Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hasan Abdel-Ghaffar
- Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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12
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Bahmad HF, Poppiti RJ. Medulloblastoma cancer stem cells: molecular signatures and therapeutic targets. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:243-249. [PMID: 32034059 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary intracranial neoplasm diagnosed in childhood. Although numerous efforts have been made during the past few years to exploit novel targeted therapies for this aggressive neoplasm, there still exist substantial hitches hindering successful management of MB. Lately, progress in cancer biology has shown evidence that a subpopulation of cells within the tumour, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be responsible for the resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, accounting for cancer recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to identify the molecular signatures and genetic aberrations that characterise those CSCs and develop therapies that specifically target them. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the main genetic and molecular cues that depict MB-CSCs and provide a synopsis of the novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target this population of cells to attain enhanced antitumorous effects and therefore overcome resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M Rywlin MD Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Robert J Poppiti
- Arkadi M Rywlin MD Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA .,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Abstract
Comprehensive cataloguing of the acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) genome has revealed a high frequency of mutations and deletions in epigenetic factors that are frequently linked to treatment resistance and poor patient outcome. In this review, we discuss how the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin normal haematopoiesis are subverted in AML, and in particular how these processes are altered in childhood and adolescent leukaemias. We also provide a brief summary of the burgeoning field of epigenetic-based therapies, and how AML treatment might be improved through provision of better conceptual frameworks for understanding the pleiotropic molecular effects of epigenetic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jones
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter McCarthy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Gambacorta V, Gnani D, Vago L, Di Micco R. Epigenetic Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Their Immune-Related Effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:207. [PMID: 31681756 PMCID: PMC6797914 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, our molecular understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis dramatically increased, thanks also to the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Many of these findings, however, have not yet translated into new prognostic markers or rationales for treatments. We now know that AML is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by a very low mutational burden. Interestingly, the few mutations identified mainly reside in epigenetic regulators, which shape and define leukemic cell identity. In the light of these discoveries and given the increasing number of drugs targeting epigenetic regulators in clinical development and testing, great interest is emerging for the use of small molecules targeting leukemia epigenome. Together with their effects on leukemia cell-intrinsic properties, such as proliferation and survival, epigenetic drugs may affect the way leukemic cells communicate with the surrounding components of the tumor and immune microenvironment. Here, we review current knowledge on alterations in the AML epigenetic landscape and discuss the promises of epigenetic therapies for AML treatment. Finally, we summarize emerging molecular studies elucidating how epigenetic rewiring in cancer cells may as well exert immune-modulatory functions, boost the immune system, and potentially contribute to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gambacorta
- Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gnani
- Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- Unit of Senescence in Stem Cell Aging, Differentiation and Cancer, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Bmi1 regulates human glioblastoma stem cells through activation of differential gene networks in CD133+ brain tumor initiating cells. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:417-428. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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de Smith AJ, Walsh KM, Francis SS, Zhang C, Hansen HM, Smirnov I, Morimoto L, Whitehead TP, Kang A, Shao X, Barcellos LF, McKean-Cowdin R, Zhang L, Fu C, Wang R, Yu H, Hoh J, Dewan AT, Metayer C, Ma X, Wiemels JL. BMI1 enhancer polymorphism underlies chromosome 10p12.31 association with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2647-2658. [PMID: 29923177 PMCID: PMC6235695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have identified regions of association at PIP4K2A and upstream of BMI1 at chromosome 10p12.31-12.2. The contribution of both loci to ALL risk and underlying functional variants remain to be elucidated. We carried out single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) imputation across chromosome 10p12.31-12.2 in Latino and non-Latino white ALL cases and controls from two independent California childhood leukemia studies, and additional Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging study controls. Ethnicity-stratified association analyses were performed using logistic regression, with meta-analysis including 3,133 cases (1,949 Latino, 1,184 non-Latino white) and 12,135 controls (8,584 Latino, 3,551 non-Latino white). SNP associations were identified at both BMI1 and PIP4K2A. After adjusting for the lead PIP4K2A SNP, genome-wide significant associations remained at BMI1, and vice-versa (pmeta < 10-10 ), supporting independent effects. Lead SNPs differed by ethnicity at both peaks. We sought functional variants in tight linkage disequilibrium with both the lead Latino SNP among Admixed Americans and lead non-Latino white SNP among Europeans. This pinpointed rs11591377 (pmeta = 2.1 x 10-10 ) upstream of BMI1, residing within a hematopoietic stem cell enhancer of BMI1, and which showed significant preferential binding of the risk allele to MYBL2 (p = 1.73 x 10-5 ) and p300 (p = 1.55 x 10-3 ) transcription factors using binomial tests on ChIP-Seq data from a SNP heterozygote. At PIP4K2A, we identified rs4748812 (pmeta = 1.3 x 10-15 ), which alters a RUNX1 binding motif and demonstrated chromosomal looping to the PIP4K2A promoter. Fine-mapping chromosome 10p12 in a multi-ethnic ALL GWAS confirmed independent associations and identified putative functional variants upstream of BMI1 and at PIP4K2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stephen S. Francis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Chenan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Libby Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Todd P. Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alice Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lisa F. Barcellos
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
| | - Luoping Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Cecilia Fu
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Josephine Hoh
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Andrew T. Dewan
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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17
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Di Carlo V, Mocavini I, Di Croce L. Polycomb complexes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 218:55-69. [PMID: 30341152 PMCID: PMC6314559 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Di Carlo et al. discuss how the regulation/dysregulation of Polycomb group proteins contributes to hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for sustaining cell type–specific transcription programs. Among the distinct factors, Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are major negative regulators of gene expression in mammals. These proteins play key roles in regulating the proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. During hematopoietic differentiation, many PcG proteins are fundamental for proper lineage commitment, as highlighted by the fact that a lack of distinct PcG proteins results in embryonic lethality accompanied by differentiation biases. Correspondingly, proteins of these complexes are frequently dysregulated in hematological diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the role of PcG proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, focusing on the compositional complexity of PcG complexes, and we briefly discuss the ongoing clinical trials for drugs targeting these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Di Carlo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivano Mocavini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Chan HL, Beckedorff F, Zhang Y, Garcia-Huidobro J, Jiang H, Colaprico A, Bilbao D, Figueroa ME, LaCava J, Shiekhattar R, Morey L. Polycomb complexes associate with enhancers and promote oncogenic transcriptional programs in cancer through multiple mechanisms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3377. [PMID: 30139998 PMCID: PMC6107513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) plays essential roles in cell fate decisions and development. However, its role in cancer is less well understood. Here, we show that RNF2, encoding RING1B, and canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) genes are overexpressed in breast cancer. We find that cPRC1 complexes functionally associate with ERα and its pioneer factor FOXA1 in ER+ breast cancer cells, and with BRD4 in triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). While cPRC1 still exerts its repressive function, it is also recruited to oncogenic active enhancers. RING1B regulates enhancer activity and gene transcription not only by promoting the expression of oncogenes but also by regulating chromatin accessibility. Functionally, RING1B plays a divergent role in ER+ and TNBC metastasis. Finally, we show that concomitant recruitment of RING1B to active enhancers occurs across multiple cancers, highlighting an under-explored function of cPRC1 in regulating oncogenic transcriptional programs in cancer. The role of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) is well described in development. Here, the authors investigate canonical PRC1’s regulation of transcriptional programs in breast cancer where, in addition to its repressive function, it is also recruited to oncogenic active enhancers to regulate enhancer activity and chromatin accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lam Chan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jenaro Garcia-Huidobro
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Centro de Investigaciones Médicas (CIM), Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay S/N, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Hua Jiang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - John LaCava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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19
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Shepherd MS, Li J, Wilson NK, Oedekoven CA, Li J, Belmonte M, Fink J, Prick JCM, Pask DC, Hamilton TL, Loeffler D, Rao A, Schröder T, Göttgens B, Green AR, Kent DG. Single-cell approaches identify the molecular network driving malignant hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Blood 2018; 132:791-803. [PMID: 29991556 PMCID: PMC6107881 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-821066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell technologies have permitted the investigation of heterogeneous cell populations at previously unattainable resolution. Here we apply such approaches to resolve the molecular mechanisms driving disease in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), using JAK2V617F mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) as a model. Single-cell gene expression and functional assays identified a subset of JAK2V617F mutant HSCs that display defective self-renewal. This defect is rescued at the single HSC level by crossing JAK2V617F mice with mice lacking TET2, the most commonly comutated gene in patients with MPN. Single-cell gene expression profiling of JAK2V617F-mutant HSCs revealed a loss of specific regulator genes, some of which were restored to normal levels in single TET2/JAK2 mutant HSCs. Of these, Bmi1 and, to a lesser extent, Pbx1 and Meis1 overexpression in JAK2-mutant HSCs could drive a disease phenotype and retain durable stem cell self-renewal in functional assays. Together, these single-cell approaches refine the molecules involved in clonal expansion of MPNs and have broad implications for deconstructing the molecular network of normal and malignant stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Oedekoven
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiangbing Li
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juergen Fink
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janine C M Prick
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dean C Pask
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L Hamilton
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timm Schröder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Polycomb repressive complex 2 haploinsufficiency identifies a high-risk subgroup of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:1878-1882. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Kowolik CM, Lin M, Xie J, Overman LE, Horne DA. NT1721, a novel epidithiodiketopiperazine, exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy against acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86186-86197. [PMID: 27863389 PMCID: PMC5349906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by heterogeneous genetic and epigenetic changes in hematopoietic progenitors that lead to abnormal self-renewal and proliferation. Despite high initial remission rates, prognosis remains poor for most AML patients, especially for those harboring internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the fms-related tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3). Here, we report that a novel epidithiodiketopiperazine, NT1721, potently decreased the cell viability of FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines, displaying IC50 values in the low nanomolar range, while leaving normal CD34+ bone marrow cells largely unaffected. The IC50 values for NT1721 were significantly lower than those for clinically used AML drugs (i.e. cytarabine, sorafenib) in all tested AML cell lines regardless of their FLT3 mutation status. Moreover, combinations of NT1721 with sorafenib or cytarabine showed better antileukemic effects than the single agents in vitro. Combining cytarabine with NT1721 also attenuated the cytarabine-induced FLT3 ligand surge that has been linked to resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mechanistically, NT1721 depleted DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein levels, leading to the re-expression of silenced tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis induction. NT1721 concomitantly decreased the expression of EZH2 and BMI1, two genes that are associated with the maintenance of leukemic stem/progenitor cells. In a systemic FLT3-ITD+ AML mouse model, treatment with NT1721 reduced tumor burdens by > 95% compared to the control and significantly increased survival times. Taken together, our results suggest that NT1721 may represent a promising novel agent for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Kowolik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David A Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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22
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Chow PW, Rajab NF, Chua KH, Chan KM, Abd Hamid Z. Differential responses of lineages-committed hematopoietic progenitors and altered expression of self-renewal and differentiation-related genes in 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Yin T, Zhang Z, Cao B, Duan Q, Shi P, Zhao H, Camara SN, Shen Q, Wang C. Bmi1 inhibition enhances the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37192-37204. [PMID: 27177084 PMCID: PMC5095068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As the standard therapy for pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine shows limited efficacy in pancreatic cancer patients because of chemoresistance. Aberrant expression of Bmi1 has been reported to activate multiple growth-regulatory pathways and confer anti-apoptotic abilities to many cancer cells. However, the role of Bmi1 in response of pancreatic cancer cells towards gemcitabine resistance remains elusive. In this study, we found that certain dose of gemcitabine treatment induced Bmi1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of Bmi1 enhanced ROS production and promoted the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine. The increased oxidative stress upon gemcitabine treatment could disrupt mitochondrial membrane and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, eventually leading to apoptosis. Bmi1 inhibition also suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling and the expressions of downstream molecules in pancreatic cancer cells treated with gemcitabine. Moreover, we observed Bmi1 inhibition sensitized the pancreatic xenograft tumors to gemcitabine in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Bmi1 could decrease the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine through increasing oxidative stress and inhibiting NF-κB signaling, thus Bmi1 may serve as a promising target for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qingke Duan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Soriba Naby Camara
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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AlJohani N, Choi SJ, Day AG, Alhejaily A, Virk S, Baetz T, LeBrun DP. Abundant expression of BMI1 in follicular lymphoma is associated with reduced overall survival. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2211-2219. [PMID: 29251058 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1410883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although generally indolent, follicular lymphoma (FL) sometimes pursues a more aggressive course leading to early death. B-cell-specific Mo-MLV insertion site-1 (BMI1) is a member of the polycomb group (PcG) proteins that confer stem cell properties through gene silencing. We used multi-channel immunofluorescence and automated image analysis to quantify BMI1 selectively in the nuclei of FL-derived B-cells in routine biopsy specimens. Applying this assay to 109 pretreatment FL biopsy samples demonstrates a significant association between abundant BMI1 and reduced overall survival (p = .001); the statistically significant association with mortality persists in a Cox proportional hazards model that includes Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score, histological grade, and the presence of a component of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the biopsy sample. Ascertaining BMI1 over-expression may be useful in identifying patients who might benefit from novel therapies directed at reversing the chromatin-modifying functions of BMI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif AlJohani
- a Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Suk-Jin Choi
- b Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada.,c Department of Pathology , Inha University Hospital , Jung-gu , Korea
| | - Andrew G Day
- d Kingston General Health Research Institute , Kingston General Hospital , Kingston , Canada
| | - Abdulmohsen Alhejaily
- b Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada.,e King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Virk
- b Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Tara Baetz
- f Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston General Hospital , Kingston , Canada
| | - David P LeBrun
- b Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
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25
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Adeyeni TA, Khatwani N, San K, Ezekiel UR. BMI1 is downregulated by the natural compound curcumin, but not by bisdemethoxycurcumin and dimethoxycurcumin. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/16/e12906. [PMID: 27550987 PMCID: PMC5002914 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) locus encodes a 37-kD protein that is a key regulatory component of the polycomb regulatory complex 1 (PRC1). When overexpressed in various cancer types, the BMI1 protein induces cell growth and promotes tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Curcumin, a major phytochemical in turmeric (Curcuma longa), inhibits the proliferation and survival of many types of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and has been reported to reduce BMI1 expression in breast cancer cells. In this study, effects of curcumin and two analogs (bisdemethoxycurcumin and dimethoxycurcumin) on BMI1 expression were evaluated in DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is naturally occurring in turmeric, whereas dimethoxycurcumin (DMC) is a synthetic analog of curcumin. All three compounds reduced cell survival, but only the natural compound downregulated BMI1 protein expression; curcumin significantly reduced BMI1 levels more than bisdemethoxycurcumin and dimethoxycurcumin. In addition, curcumin and BDMC inhibit survival of the DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, whereas DMC inhibits survival by a mechanism other than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope A Adeyeni
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri Department of Health Science and Informatics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Natasha Khatwani
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - KayKay San
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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26
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Polycomb repressive complexes in hematological malignancies. Blood 2017; 130:23-29. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-739490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The deregulation of polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) has been reported in a number of hematological malignancies. These complexes exert oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions depending on tumor type. These findings have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies and the impact of deregulated epigenomes in tumor development and progression. The therapeutic targeting of PRCs is currently attracting increasing attention and being extensively examined in clinical studies, leading to new therapeutic strategies that may improve the outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies.
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Abstract
In this review, Hu and Shilatifard summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of chromatin modifiers in normal hematopoiesis and their contributions in hematopoietic transformation. Hematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms in which normal hematopoiesis has gone awry and together account for ∼10% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in the United States in 2016. Recent intensive genomic sequencing of hematopoietic malignancies has identified recurrent mutations in genes that encode regulators of chromatin structure and function, highlighting the central role that aberrant epigenetic regulation plays in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how alterations in epigenetic modifiers, specifically histone and DNA methylases and demethylases, drive hematopoietic cancer could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted epigenetic therapies for treating hematological malignancies. Just as past studies of blood cancers led to pioneering discoveries relevant to other cancers, determining the contribution of epigenetic modifiers in hematologic cancers could also have a broader impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of solid tumors in which these factors are mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Nishida Y, Maeda A, Kim MJ, Cao L, Kubota Y, Ishizawa J, AlRawi A, Kato Y, Iwama A, Fujisawa M, Matsue K, Weetall M, Dumble M, Andreeff M, Davis TW, Branstrom A, Kimura S, Kojima K. The novel BMI-1 inhibitor PTC596 downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e527. [PMID: 28211885 PMCID: PMC5386342 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence is the major problem in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Relapse is driven by leukemia stem cells, a chemoresistant subpopulation capable of re-establishing disease. Patients with p53 mutant AML are at an extremely high risk of relapse. B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) is required for the self-renewal and maintenance of AML stem cells. Here we studied the effects of a novel small molecule inhibitor of BMI-1, PTC596, in AML cells. Treatment with PTC596 reduced MCL-1 expression and triggered several molecular events consistent with induction of mitochondrial apoptosis: loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, BAX conformational change, caspase-3 cleavage and phosphatidylserine externalization. PTC596 induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. PTC596 induced apoptosis along with the reduction of MCL-1 and phosphorylated AKT in patient-derived CD34+CD38low/− stem/progenitor cells. Mouse xenograft models demonstrated in vivo anti-leukemia activity of PTC596, which inhibited leukemia cell growth in vivo while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Our results indicate that PTC596 deserves further evaluation in clinical trials for refractory or relapsed AML patients, especially for those with unfavorable complex karyotype or therapy-related AML that are frequently associated with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishida
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - A Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - M J Kim
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - L Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Y Kubota
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - J Ishizawa
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A AlRawi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Fujisawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - K Matsue
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - M Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - M Dumble
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - M Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T W Davis
- PMV Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | | | - S Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Kojima
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Peng HX, Liu XD, Luo ZY, Zhang XH, Luo XQ, Chen X, Jiang H, Xu L. Upregulation of the proto-oncogene Bmi-1 predicts a poor prognosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28122538 PMCID: PMC5264321 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bmi-1, the B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1, is a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family and acts as an oncogene in various tumors; however, its expression related to the prognosis of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not been well studied. METHODS The Bmi-1 expression levels in the bone marrow of 104 pediatric ALL patients and 18 normal control subjects were determined by using qRT-PCR. The association between the Bmi-1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of pediatric ALL patients was analyzed, and the correlation between Bmi-1 and the prognosis of pediatric ALL was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, the association between Bmi-1 expression and its transcriptional regulator Sall4 was investigated. RESULTS Compared to normal control subjects, patients with primary pediatric ALL exhibited upregulated levels of Bmi-1. However, these levels were sharply decreased in patients who achieved complete remission. A significant positive association between elevated Bmi-1 levels and a poor response to prednisone as well as an increased clinical risk was observed. Patients who overexpressed Bmi-1 at the time of diagnosis had a lower relapse-free survival (RFS) rate (75.8%), whereas patients with lower Bmi-1 expression had an RFS of 94.1%. Furthermore, in ALL patients, the mRNA expression of Bmi-1 was positively correlated to the mRNA expression of Sall4a. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that Bmi-1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in pediatric primary ALL and may be partially regulated by Sall4a. Our study also showed that Bmi-1 could serve as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Peng
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China.
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BMI1 regulates PRC1 architecture and activity through homo- and hetero-oligomerization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13343. [PMID: 27827373 PMCID: PMC5105191 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMI1 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and emerging data support a role of BMI1 in cancer. The central domain of BMI1 is involved in protein–protein interactions and is essential for its oncogenic activity. Here, we present the structure of BMI1 bound to the polyhomeotic protein PHC2 illustrating that the central domain of BMI1 adopts an ubiquitin-like (UBL) fold and binds PHC2 in a β-hairpin conformation. Unexpectedly, we find that the UBL domain is involved in homo-oligomerization of BMI1. We demonstrate that both the interaction of BMI1 with polyhomeotic proteins and homo-oligomerization via UBL domain are necessary for H2A ubiquitination activity of PRC1 and for clonogenic potential of U2OS cells. Here, we also emphasize need for joint application of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography to determine the overall structure of the BMI1–PHC2 complex. BMI1, a core element of the polycomb repressive complex 1, is suggested to have oncogenic activity in a variety of cancers. Here, the authors report the structure of BMI1 bound to the protein PHC2, identify BMI1 homo-oligomerization interfaces, and analyse the role of BMI1 protein-protein interactions in PRC1 function.
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Sahasrabuddhe AA. BMI1: A Biomarker of Hematologic Malignancies. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:65-75. [PMID: 27168727 PMCID: PMC4859448 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s33376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BMI1 oncogene is a catalytic member of epigenetic repressor polycomb group proteins. It plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression pattern and consequently several cellular processes during development, including cell cycle progression, senescence, aging, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and importantly self-renewal of adult stem cells of several lineages. Preponderance of evidences indicates that deregulated expression of PcG protein BMI1 is associated with several human malignancies, cancer stem cell maintenance, and propagation. Importantly, overexpression of BMI1 correlates with therapy failure in cancer patients and tumor relapse. This review discusses the diverse mode of BMI1 regulation at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels as well as at various critical signaling pathways regulated by BMI1 activity. Furthermore, this review highlights the role of BMI1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for several subtypes of hematologic malignancies and the importance to target this biomarker for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagh A Sahasrabuddhe
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Chhattisgarh, India
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32
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The roles of Polycomb group proteins in hematopoietic stem cells and hematological malignancies. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:634-42. [PMID: 27086351 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulatory factors that maintain the repression of target gene expression through histone modification. PcG proteins control the repression of genes that regulate differentiation and the cell cycle in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Moreover, abnormalities in expression level and mutations in PcG genes have been reported in various types of cancer, including hematological malignancies. In this review, we present an overview of the roles of PcG proteins in HSC and various types of hematological malignancies.
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Koya J, Kataoka K, Sato T, Bando M, Kato Y, Tsuruta-Kishino T, Kobayashi H, Narukawa K, Miyoshi H, Shirahige K, Kurokawa M. DNMT3A R882 mutants interact with polycomb proteins to block haematopoietic stem and leukaemic cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10924. [PMID: 27010239 PMCID: PMC4820786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical impact of DNMT3A mutation on acute myeloid leukaemia, the molecular mechanisms regarding how this mutation causes leukaemogenesis in vivo are largely unknown. Here we show that, in murine transplantation experiments, recipients transplanted with DNMT3A mutant-transduced cells exhibit aberrant haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) accumulation. Differentiation-associated genes are downregulated without accompanying changes in methylation status of their promoter-associated CpG islands in DNMT3A mutant-transduced stem/progenitor cells, representing a DNA methylation-independent role of mutated DNMT3A. DNMT3A R882H also promotes monoblastic transformation in vitro in combination with HOXA9. Molecularly, the DNMT3A mutant interacts with polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), causing transcriptional silencing, revealing a DNA methylation-independent role of DNMT3A mutation. Suppression of PRC1 impairs aberrant HSC accumulation and monoblastic transformation. From our data, it is shown that DNMT3A mutants can block the differentiation of HSCs and leukaemic cells via PRC1. This interaction could be targetable in DNMT3A-mutated leukaemias. DNMT3A mutations are known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. Here, Koya et al. show that DNMT3A R882H mutation causes monoblastic transformation and haematopoietic stem cell accumulation in a methylation-independent manner, by suppressing the polycomb repressive complex 1, causing transcriptional silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashige Bando
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takako Tsuruta-Kishino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Narukawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, 3-1-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Bolomsky A, Schlangen K, Schreiner W, Zojer N, Ludwig H. Targeting of BMI-1 with PTC-209 shows potent anti-myeloma activity and impairs the tumour microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:17. [PMID: 26935956 PMCID: PMC4776359 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (BMI-1) is a putative oncogene reported to be overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM). Silencing of BMI-1 was shown to impair the growth and survival of MM cells. However, therapeutic agents specifically targeting BMI-1 were not available so far. Here, we investigated PTC-209, a novel small molecule inhibitor of BMI-1, for its activity in MM. Methods BMI-1 expression was analysed in human MM cell lines and primary MM cells by using publically available gene expression profiling (GEP) data. The anti-MM activity of PTC-209 was investigated by viability testing, cell cycle analysis, annexin V and 7-AAD staining, quantification of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), JC-1 as well as colony formation assays. Deregulation of central myeloma growth and survival genes was studied by quantitative PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, the impact of PTC-209 on in vitro osteoclast, osteoblast and tube formation was analysed. Results We confirmed overexpression of BMI-1 in MM patients by using publically available GEP datasets. Of note, BMI-1 expression was further increased at relapse which translated into significantly shorter overall survival in relapsed/refractory patients treated with bortezomib or dexamethasone. Treatment with PTC-209 significantly decreased viable cell numbers in human MM cell lines, induced a G1 cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis and demonstrated synergistic activity with pomalidomide and carfilzomib. The anti-MM activity of PTC-209 was accompanied by a significant decrease of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) expression as well as upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B). We also observed upregulation of NOXA (up to 3.6 ± 1.2-fold induction, P = 0.009) and subsequent downregulation of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) protein levels, which likely mediates the apoptotic effects of PTC-209. Importantly, the anti-MM activity was upheld in the presence of stromal support or myeloma growth factors insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In the MM microenvironment, PTC-209 impaired tube formation, impaired osteoclast development and decreased osteoblast formation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01 at 1 μM, respectively). The latter might be attributed to an induction of DKK1 and was reversed by concurrent anti-DKK1 antibody treatment. Conclusions We confirmed overexpression of BMI-1 in MM highlighting its role as an attractive drug target and reveal therapeutic targeting of BMI-1 by PTC-209 as a promising novel therapeutic intervention for MM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0247-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Bolomsky
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Schlangen
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Schreiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I, Wilhelminenspital, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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Epigenetics and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2016; 127:42-52. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-604512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by distinct genetic abnormalities. Recent discoveries have highlighted an additional important role of dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease. In contrast to genetic changes, epigenetic modifications are frequently reversible, which provides opportunities for targeted treatment using specific inhibitors. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current state of epigenetics and epigenetic therapy in AML and will describe perspectives on how to identify promising new approaches for epigenetic targeted treatment.
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Nishida Y, Maeda A, Chachad D, Ishizawa J, Qiu YH, Kornblau SM, Kimura S, Andreeff M, Kojima K. Preclinical activity of the novel B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 inhibitor PTC-209 in acute myeloid leukemia: Implications for leukemia therapy. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1705-13. [PMID: 26450753 PMCID: PMC4714665 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curing patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge. The polycomb complex protein B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) is required for the self-renewal and maintenance of leukemia stem cells. We investigated the prognostic significance of BMI-1 in AML and the effects of a novel small molecule selective inhibitor of BMI-1, PTC-209. BMI-1 protein expression was determined in 511 newly diagnosed AML patients together with 207 other proteins using reverse-phase protein array technology. Patients with unfavorable cytogenetics according to Southwest Oncology Group criteria had higher levels of BMI-1 compared to those with favorable (P = 0.0006) or intermediate cytogenetics (P = 0.0061), and patients with higher levels of BMI-1 had worse overall survival (55.3 weeks vs. 42.8 weeks, P = 0.046). Treatment with PTC-209 reduced protein level of BMI-1 and its downstream target mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A and triggered several molecular events consistent with the induction of apoptosis, this is, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 cleavage, BAX activation, and phosphatidylserine externalization. PTC-209 induced apoptosis in patient-derived CD34(+)CD38(low/-) AML cells and, less prominently, in CD34(-) differentiated AML cells. BMI-1 reduction by PTC-209 directly correlated with apoptosis induction in CD34(+) primary AML cells (r = 0.71, P = 0.022). However, basal BMI-1 expression was not a determinant of AML sensitivity. BMI-1 inhibition, which targets a primitive AML cell population, might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishida
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Aya Maeda
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Dhruv Chachad
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jo Ishizawa
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Hua Qiu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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De Faveri LE, Hurst CD, Roulson JA, Wood H, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Knowles MA, Chapman EJ. Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 Member, BMI1 Contributes to Urothelial Tumorigenesis through p16-Independent Mechanisms. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:387-399. [PMID: 26500029 PMCID: PMC4631094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) causes significant morbidity and remains the most expensive cancer to treat because of the need for repeated resections and lifelong monitoring for patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Novel therapeutics and stratification approaches are needed to improve the outlook for both NMIBC and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We investigated the expression and effects of B Lymphoma Mo-MLV Insertion Region 1 (BMI1) in UC. BMI1 was found to be overexpressed in most UC cell lines and primary tumors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In contrast to some previous reports, no association with tumor stage or grade was observed in two independent tumor panels. Furthermore, upregulation of BMI1 was detected in premalignant bladder lesions, suggesting a role early in tumorigenesis. BMI1 is not located within a common region of genomic amplification in UC. The CDKN2A locus (which encodes the p16 tumor suppressor gene) is a transcriptional target of BMI1 in some cellular contexts. In UC cell lines and primary tissues, no correlation between BMI1 and p16 expression was observed. Retroviral-mediated overexpression of BMI1 immortalized normal human urothelial cells (NHUC) in vitro and was associated with induction of telomerase activity, bypass of senescence, and repression of differentiation. The effects of BMI1 on gene expression were identified by expression microarray analysis of NHUC-BMI1. Metacore analysis of the gene expression profile implicated downstream effects of BMI1 on α4/β1 integrin-mediated adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, and CREB1-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia E De Faveri
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Carolyn D Hurst
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Jo-An Roulson
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Henry Wood
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
- Bladder Cancer Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK
| | - Emma J Chapman
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS97TF, UK.
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38
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Abstract
A wealth of genomic and epigenomic data has identified abnormal regulation of epigenetic processes as a prominent theme in hematologic malignancies. Recurrent somatic alterations in myeloid malignancies of key proteins involved in DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and chromatin remodeling have highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the initiation and maintenance of various malignancies. The rational use of targeted epigenetic therapies requires a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of malignant transformation driven by aberrant epigenetic regulators. In this review we provide an overview of the major protagonists in epigenetic regulation, their aberrant role in myeloid malignancies, prognostic significance and potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yew Fong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica Morison
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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39
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Haladyna JN, Yamauchi T, Neff T, Bernt KM. Epigenetic modifiers in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Epigenomics 2015; 7:301-20. [PMID: 25942537 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome scale sequencing in patients with cancer has revealed a lower frequency of genetic aberrations in hematologic disorders compared with most other malignancies, suggesting a prominent role for epigenetic mechanisms. In parallel, epigenetic modifiers that are altered in cancer play critical roles in normal hematopoietic development, influencing both self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation into the different lineages. In this review, we aim to compare the role of several key DNA or histone modifying enzymes and complexes in normal development and hematopoietic malignancies, including DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, MLL1, MLL4, DOT1L, PRC1/2 and WSHC1/NSD2/MMSET. Insights into their biological mechanisms led to the development of therapies designed to target mutant IDH1 and IDH2, DOT1L in MLL-rearranged leukemias and EZH2 in several cancer types including lymphomas. Inhibitors for these enzymes are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Haladyna
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine & Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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40
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Chen CC, You JY, Gau JP, Huang CE, Chen YY, Tsai YH, Chou HJ, Lung J, Yang MH. Favorable clinical outcome and unique characteristics in association with Twist1 overexpression in de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e339. [PMID: 26832848 PMCID: PMC4558591 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process for inducing stem-like properties of epithelial cancer cells. However, the role of EMT inducers in hematological malignancies is unknown. Twist1, an EMT inducer necessary for cell migration, has recently been found to have transcriptionally regulatory activity on the expression of Bmi1, and these two are capable of promoting tumorigenesis in a synergized manner. Knowing that Bmi1 expression is essential for maintenance of leukemic stem cells, we speculate that Twist1 might govern the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development as well. We found that upregulated Twist1 increased Bmi1 expression in AML and endued leukemic cells a higher proliferative potential and increased resistance to apoptosis. In primary AML samples, there was strong positive correlation between the expression levels of Twist1 and Bmi1. AML patients whose leukemic blasts harbored overexpressed Twist1 had a more aggressive clinical phenotype, but they were more likely to have a better clinical outcome after standard therapy. In vitro studies confirmed that Twist1-overexpressing leukemic cells were more susceptible to cytarabine, but not daunorubicin, cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest that, in a subset of AML patients, Twist1 has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the disease that leads to unique clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - J-Y You
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - J-P Gau
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-E Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - H-J Chou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - J Lung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - M-H Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Context-dependent actions of Polycomb repressors in cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:1341-52. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Long Q, Liu L, Xia Y, Bai Q, Wang J, Xu J, Guo J. High peritumoral Bmi-1 expression is an independent prognosticator of poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8007-14. [PMID: 25967455 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1) is a transcriptional repressor, which plays important roles in the development of cancers, but the function of Bmi-1 in kidney tumorigenesis and its prognostic values remain unclear. This study aims to investigate prognostic values of the intratumoral and peritumoral expression of Bmi-1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Expression of Bmi-1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in specimens containing paired tumor and peritumoral renal tissue from 241 patients who had undergone curative nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from 2005 to 2007. The association of Bmi-1 expression with clinical and pathological parameters and outcomes was investigated. Specific expression of Bmi-1 was found both in peritumoral and intratumoral tissues. High expression of Bmi-1 in peritumoral but not intratumoral is significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.003). Furthermore, Bmi-1 expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS, and combination of peritumoral Bmi-1 and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage had a better power to predict the patients' death and disease recurrence. High peritumoral Bmi-1 expression can serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and could be a novel therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilai Long
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Bai
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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43
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Ye L, Wang C, Yu G, Jiang Y, Sun D, Zhang Z, Yu X, Li X, Wei W, Liu P, Cheng J, DU B, Hu L. Bmi-1 induces radioresistance by suppressing senescence in human U87 glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2601-2606. [PMID: 25364434 PMCID: PMC4214493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the main locoregional control modality for a number of types of malignant tumors, including glioblastoma. However, radiotherapy fails to prevent recurrence in numerous patients due to the intrinsic radioresistance of cancer cells. Cell senescence is significant in tumor suppressor mechanisms and is closely associated with the radioresistance of cancer cells. Bmi-1 has been proposed to be an oncogene that can induce anti-senescence in tumor cells. The present study investigated the response of U87 glioma cells to radiation exposure and the role of Bmi-1 in the response following radiotherapy. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assessed using flow cytometry, and a SA-β-Gal stain was used to observe the senescence ratio of U87 cells following radiation. The expression of Bmi-1 in U87 cells exposed to different doses of radiation was evaluated by western blot analysis. X-ray radiation was found to inhibit U87 cell proliferation through the induction of senescence rather than apoptosis. Following exposure to radiation, the cell cycle distribution was dysregulated, with an increased number of cells in the G2/M phase, and the expression of Bmi-1 was upregulated, particularly when a dose of ≥6 Gy was administered. The results indicated that senescence is the main mechanism by which U87 cell growth is inhibited following radiation. In addition, Bmi-1 may be significant in increasing the radioresistance of glioma cells by enabling cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Yu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Dianshui Sun
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zaiyun Zhang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Bin DU
- Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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44
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Saudy NS, Fawzy IM, Azmy E, Goda EF, Eneen A, Abdul Salam EM. BMI1 gene expression in myeloid leukemias and its impact on prognosis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 53:194-8. [PMID: 25084695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMI1 is a polycomb group (PcG) protein and is overexpressed in leukemia. It plays a key role in the self-renewal of stem cells. Leukemic cells lacking BMI1 underwent proliferation arrest and showed signs of differentiation and apoptosis. AIM This study was aimed to investigate the expression and impact of BMI1 in myeloid leukemias. Expression levels of BMI1 in 100 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 100 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and 20 healthy controls were measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). RESULTS The results showed that the expression of BMI1 was significantly higher in AML and CML versus control subjects (p<0.001 for both). The 2-year overall and disease free survival rates were significantly lower in patients expressing higher BMI1. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI1 was independent prognostic factor for OS for AML cases (p=0.015, HR=3.204, 95% CI=1.250-8.212). Accelerated and blastic phases in CML cases expressed higher BMI1 than chronic phase (p<0.001). CONCLUSION We concluded that detecting BMI1 is helpful for predicting the survival in AML patients and monitoring the aggressiveness and progression in patients with CML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveen S Saudy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Iman M Fawzy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Mansoura Fever Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Emad Azmy
- Clinical Hematology Depatment, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Enas F Goda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Eneen
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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45
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BAE SEUNGHEE, KIM KARAM, CHA HWAJUN, CHOI YEONGMIN, SHIN SHANGHUN, AN INSOOK, LEE JAEHO, SONG JIEYOUNG, YANG KWANGHEE, NAM SEONYOUNG, AN SUNGKWAN. Altered microRNA expression profiles are involved in resistance to low-dose ionizing radiation in the absence of BMI1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1618-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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46
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Ueda K, Yoshimi A, Kagoya Y, Nishikawa S, Marquez VE, Nakagawa M, Kurokawa M. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase EZH2 depletes leukemia stem cell of mixed lineage leukemia fusion leukemia through upregulation of p16. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:512-9. [PMID: 24612037 PMCID: PMC4317832 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSC) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and persistent LSC after chemotherapy are supposed to be a major cause of relapse. However, information on genetic or epigenetic regulation of stem cell properties is still limited and LSC-targeted drugs have scarcely been identified. Epigenetic regulators are associated with many cellular processes including maintenance of stem cells. Of note are polycomb group proteins, because they potentially control stemness, and can be pharmacologically targeted by a selective inhibitor (DZNep). Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic potential of EZH2 inhibition in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion leukemia. Intriguingly, EZH2 inhibition by DZNep or shRNA not only suppressed MLL fusion leukemia proliferation but also reduced leukemia initiating cells (LIC) frequency. Expression analysis suggested that p16 upregulation was responsible for LICs reduction. Knockdown of p16 canceled the survival advantage of mice treated with DZNep. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EZH2 was highly enriched around the transcription-start-site of p16, together with H3K27 methylation marks in MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells but not in E2A/HLF transduced cells. Although high expression of Hoxa9 in MLL fusion leukemia is supposed to be responsible for the recruitment of EZH2, our data also suggest that there may be some other mechanisms independent of Hoxa9 activation to suppress p16 expression, because expression levels of Hoxa9 and p16 were not inversely related between MLL/ENL and Hoxa9/Meis1 transduced cells. In summary, our findings show that EZH2 is a potential therapeutic target of MLL fusion leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Rouhigharabaei L, Ferreiro JF, Put N, Michaux L, Tousseyn T, Lefebvre C, Gardiner A, De Kelver W, Demuynck H, Verschuere J, Théate I, Vicente C, Vandenberghe P, Cools J, Wlodarska I. BMI1, the polycomb-group gene, is recurrently targeted by genomic rearrangements in progressive B-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:928-44. [PMID: 23873701 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI1, a Polycomb-group gene located at 10p12.2, is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of tumors. However, the genetic molecular mechanisms underlying its aberrant expression in cancer cells remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that BMI1 is recurrently targeted by chromosomal aberrations in B-cell leukemia/lymphoma. We identified a novel t(10;14)(p12;q32)/IGH-BMI1 rearrangement and its IGL variant in six cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and found that these aberrations were consistently acquired at time of disease progression and high grade transformation of leukemia (Richter syndrome). The IG-BMI1 translocations were not associated with any particular molecular subtype of CLL and the leukemias were negative for common mutations of NOTCH1 and TP53, known to increase a risk of progression and transformation in CLL. In addition, using FISH and SNP array analysis, we identified a wide range of BMI1-involving 10p12 lesions in 17 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). These aberrations included various balanced and unbalanced structural abnormalities and very frequently but not exclusively, were associated with gain of the BMI1 locus and loss of the 10p terminal sequences. These findings point to genomic instability at the 10p region in MCL which likely promotes rearrangements and deregulation of BMI1. Our findings are in line with previously published observations correlating overexpression of BMI1 with tumor progression and chemoresistance. In summary, our study provides new insights into genetic molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant expression of BMI1 in lymphoma and documents its contribution in the pathogenesis of Richter syndrome and MCL.
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48
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Jiang L, Song L, Wu J, Yang Y, Zhu X, Hu B, Cheng SY, Li M. Bmi-1 promotes glioma angiogenesis by activating NF-κB signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55527. [PMID: 23383216 PMCID: PMC3561301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in glioma is associated with the poor prognosis of the disease and closely correlates with the highly invasive phenotype of glioma cells, which represents the most challenging impediment against the currently glioma treatments. Bmi-1, an onco-protein, has been implicated in the progression of various human cancers, including gliomas, whereas its role in glioma angiogenesis remains unclear. Our current study examined the effects of Bmi-1 on glioma angiogenesis in vitro as well as in vivo. We found that overexpression of Bmi-1 enhanced, whereas knockdown of Bmi-1 diminished, the capability of glioma cells to induce tubule formation and migration of endothelial cells and neovascularization in chicken chorioallantoic membrane. In vivo, Bmi-1 overexpression and knockdown, respectively, promoted and inhibited angiogenesis in orthotopically transplanted human gliomas. Furthermore, NF-κB activity and VEGF-C expression was induced by Bmi-1 overexpression, whereas Bmi-1 knockdown attenuated NF-κB signaling and decreased VEGF-C expression. Additionally suppression of NF-κB activity using a specific chemical inhibitor abrogated the NF-κB activation and the pro-angiogenic activities of glioma cells. Together, our data suggest that Bmi-1 plays an important role in glioma angiogenesis and therefore could represent a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Libing Song
- Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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49
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Polycomb-group proteins in hematopoietic stem cell regulation and hematopoietic neoplasms. Leukemia 2012; 27:523-33. [PMID: 23257781 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins have been shown to be involved in this process by repressing genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and differentiation. PcGs are histone modifiers that reside in two multi-protein complexes: Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The existence of multiple orthologs for each Polycomb gene allows the formation of a multitude of distinct PRC1 and PRC2 sub-complexes. Changes in the expression of individual PcG genes are likely to cause perturbations in the composition of the PRC, which affect PRC enzymatic activity and target selectivity. An interesting recent development is that aberrant expression of, and mutations in, PcG genes have been shown to occur in hematopoietic neoplasms, where they display both tumor-suppressor and oncogenic activities. We therefore comprehensively reviewed the latest research on the role of PcG genes in normal and malignant blood cell development. We conclude that future research to elucidate the compositional changes of the PRCs and methods to intervene in PRC assembly will be of great therapeutic relevance to combat hematological malignancies.
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50
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Jiang L, Wu J, Yang Y, Liu L, Song L, Li J, Li M. Bmi-1 promotes the aggressiveness of glioma via activating the NF-kappaB/MMP-9 signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:406. [PMID: 22967049 PMCID: PMC3502583 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of human glioma is poor, and the highly invasive nature of the disease represents a major impediment to current therapeutic modalities. The oncoprotein B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 protein (Bmi-1) has been linked to the development and progression of glioma; however, the biological role of Bmi-1 in the invasion of glioma remains unclear. Methods A172 and LN229 glioma cells were engineered to overexpress Bmi-1 via stable transfection or to be silenced for Bmi-1 expression using RNA interfering method. Migration and invasiveness of the engineered cells were assessed using wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay, Transwell matrix penetration assay and 3-D spheroid invasion assay. MMP-9 expression and activity were measured using real-time PCR, ELISA and the gelatin zymography methods. Expression of NF-kappaB target genes was quantified using real-time PCR. NF-kappaB transcriptional activity was assessed using an NF-kappaB luciferase reporter system. Expression of Bmi-1 and MMP-9 in clinical specimens was analyzed using immunohistochemical assay. Results Ectopic overexpression of Bmi-1 dramatically increased, whereas knockdown of endogenous Bmi-1 reduced, the invasiveness and migration of glioma cells. NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and MMP-9 expression and activity were significantly increased in Bmi-1-overexpressing but reduced in Bmi-1-silenced cells. The reporter luciferase activity driven by MMP-9 promoter in Bmi-1-overexpressing cells was dependent on the presence of a functional NF-kappaB binding site, and blockade of NF-kappaB signaling inhibited the upregulation of MMP-9 in Bmi-1 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, expression of Bmi-1 correlated with NF-kappaB nuclear translocation as well as MMP-9 expression in clinical glioma samples. Conclusions Bmi-1 may play an important role in the development of aggressive phenotype of glioma via activating the NF-kappaB/MMP-9 pathway and therefore might represent a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
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