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Peng J, Wang Y, Kuang D, Wang Y, Wu G, Li H, Li D, Cao H. Meta-analyses of the relationship between five CXCL8 gene polymorphisms and overall cancer risk, and a case-control study of oral cancer. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:622. [PMID: 38807156 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL8), also known as interleukin-8, is a prototypical CXC family chemokine bearing a glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) motif that plays key roles in the onset and progression of a range of cancers in humans. Many prior studies have focused on exploring the relationship between CXCL8 gene polymorphisms and the risk of cancer. However, the statistical power of many of these reports was limited, yielding ambiguous or conflicting results in many cases. METHODS Accordingly, the PubMed, Wanfang, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published until July 20, 2023 using the keywords 'IL-8' or 'interleukin-8' or 'CXCL8', 'polymorphism' and 'cancer' or 'tumor'. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to examine the association. The CXCL8 +781 polymorphism genotypes were assessed with a TaqMan assay. RESULTS About 29 related publications was conducted in an effort to better understand the association between these polymorphisms and disease risk. The CXCL8 -353A/T polymorphism was associated with an increased overall cancer risk [A vs. T, odds ratio (OR) = 1.255, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.079-1.459), Pheterogeneity = 0.449, P = 0.003]. The CXCL8 +781 T/C allele was similarly associated with a higher risk of cancer among Caucasians [TT vs. TC + CC, OR = 1.320, 95%CI (1.046-1.666), Pheterogeneity = 0.375, P = 0.019]. Furthermore, oral cancer patients carrying the CXCL8 +781 TT + TC genotypes exhibited pronounced increases in serum levels of CXCL8 as compared to the CC genotype (P < 0.01), and also shown similar trend as compared to genotype-matched normal controls (P < 0.01). Finally, several limitations, such as the potential for publication bias or heterogeneity among the included studies should be paid attention. CONCLUSION Current study suggested that the CXCL8 -353 and +781 polymorphisms may be associated with a greater risk of cancer, which might impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, or treatment through the different expression of CXCL8. At the same time, the +781 polymorphism may further offer value as a biomarker that can aid in the early identification and prognostic evaluation of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Dan Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Huangjing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Fontecha MB, Anadón MDR, Mercado Guzmán V, Stanganelli C, Galvano C, Tosin F, Bordone J, Bezares R, Rodríguez C, Heller V, Slavutsky I, Fundia AF. Genetic variability profiling of the p53 signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Individual and combined analysis of TP53, MDM2 and NQO1 gene variants. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05794-w. [PMID: 38743086 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
TP53 gene disruption, including 17p13 deletion [del(17p)] and/or TP53 mutations, is a negative prognostic biomarker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with disease progression, treatment failure and shorter survival. Germline variants in p53 signaling pathway genes could also lead to p53 dysfunction, but their involvement in CLL has not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the association of TP53, MDM2 and NQO1 gene variability with clinical and genetic data of CLL patients. Individual genotype and haplotype data of CLL patients were compared with clinical prognostic factors, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings as well as IGHV and TP53 mutational status. The study included 116 CLL patients and 161 healthy blood donors. TP53 (rs1042522, rs59758982, rs1625895), NQO1 (rs1800566) and MDM2 (rs2279744, rs150550023) variants were genotyped using different PCR approaches. Analysis of genotype frequencies revealed no association with the risk of CLL. TP53 rs1042522, rs1625895 and MDM2 rs2279744 variants were significantly associated with abnormal karyotype and the presence of del(17p). Similarly, these two TP53 variants were associated with TP53 disruption. Moreover, TP53 C-A-nondel and G-A-del haplotypes (rs1042522-rs1625895-rs59758982) were associated with an increased likelihood of carrying del(17p) and TP53 disruptions. MDM2 T-nondel haplotype (rs2279744-rs150550023) was found to be a low risk factor for del(17p) (OR = 0.32; CI: 0.12-0.82; p = 0.02) and TP53 disruptions (OR = 0.41; CI: 0.18-0.95; p = 0.04). Our findings suggest that TP53 and MDM2 variants may modulate the risk to have chromosome alterations and TP53 disruptions, particularly del(17p). To our knowledge this is the first study of several germline variants in p53 pathway genes in Argentine patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Fontecha
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenómica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Del Rosario Anadón
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenómica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Mercado Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenómica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen Stanganelli
- División Patología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Galvano
- Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Tosin
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital El Cruce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Bordone
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital El Cruce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raimundo Bezares
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Heller
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Irma Slavutsky
- Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariela Freya Fundia
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenómica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Richter S, Bechmann N. Patient Sex and Origin Influence Distribution of Driver Genes and Clinical Presentation of Paraganglioma. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae038. [PMID: 38481600 PMCID: PMC10928507 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Sexual and ancestral differences in driver gene prevalence have been described in many cancers but have not yet been investigated in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). Objective This study aims to assess whether sex and ancestry influence prevalence of PPGL driver genes and clinical presentation. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PPGL considering studies from 2010 onwards that included minimal data of type of disease, sex, mutated gene, and country of origin. Additional features were recorded when available (age, tumor location, bilateral or multifocal, somatic or germline, and metastatic disease). Results We included 2162 patients: 877 in Europe and 757 in Asia. Males presented more often with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes activating hypoxia pathways (P = .0006) and had more often sympathetic paragangliomas (P = .0005) and metastasis (P = .0039). On the other hand, females with PPGLs due to MAX PVs were diagnosed later than males (P = .0378) and more often developed metastasis (P = .0497). European but not Asian females presented more often with PPGLs due to PVs in genes related to kinase signaling (P = .0052), particularly RET and TMEM127. Contrary to experiences from Europe, Asian patients with PPGL due to PVs in kinase signaling genes NF1, HRAS, and FGFR1 showed a high proportion of sympathetic tumors, while European patients almost exclusively had adrenal tumors (P < .005). Conclusion Personalized management of patients with PPGL might benefit from considering sexual and ancestral differences. Further studies with better clinically aligned cohorts from various origins are required to better dissect ancestral influences on PPGL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Richter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Duncan A, Nousome D, Ricks R, Kuo HC, Ravindranath L, Dobi A, Cullen J, Srivastava S, Chesnut GT, Petrovics G, Kohaar I. Association of TP53 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Prostate Cancer in a Racially Diverse Cohort of Men. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051404. [PMID: 37239075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates the involvement of a genetic component in prostate cancer (CaP) susceptibility and clinical severity. Studies have reported the role of germline mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TP53 as possible risk factors for cancer development. In this single institutional retrospective study, we identified common SNPs in the TP53 gene in AA and CA men and performed association analyses for functional TP53 SNPs with the clinico-pathological features of CaP. The SNP genotyping analysis of the final cohort of 308 men (212 AA; 95 CA) identified 74 SNPs in the TP53 region, with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of at least 1%. Two SNPs were non-synonymous in the exonic region of TP53: rs1800371 (Pro47Ser) and rs1042522 (Arg72Pro). The Pro47Ser variant had an MAF of 0.01 in AA but was not detected in CA. Arg72Pro was the most common SNP, with an MAF of 0.50 (0.41 in AA; 0.68 in CA). Arg72Pro was associated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) (p = 0.046; HR = 1.52). The study demonstrated ancestral differences in the allele frequencies of the TP53 Arg72Pro and Pro47Ser SNPs, providing a valuable framework for evaluating CaP disparities among AA and CA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Duncan
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Randy Ricks
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Huai-Ching Kuo
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ravindranath
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gregory T Chesnut
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
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Shivam V, Boobalan A, Nallusamy S, Ponnusamy K, Veluchamy P, Siva P. Genomic approach to identify association of environmental bisphenol-A (BPA) in daily use plastics as molecular disruptors in breast cancer. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2022.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Bartpho TS, Wattanawongdon W, Tongtawee T. The mouse double minute 2 polymorphism is associated with both decreased p53 expression and poor clinicopathological outcomes of gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1438-1445. [PMID: 34916375 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) SNP309 polymorphism and to evaluate MDM2 and p53 expression and the association of MDM2 positivity in gastric cancer and clinicopathological outcomes. A total of 400 patients with chronic gastritis, precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer were used to identify the MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism by using the Taq Man SNP Genotyping assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate MDM2 and p53 expression. The associations of polymorphisms, protein expression, clinicopathological outcomes, and gastric cancer risk were calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis and expressed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygous polymorphism was significantly associated with expressed MDM2 in gastric cancer (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.39-2.03, P = 0.039). Moreover, in gastric cancer, p53 was significantly decreased compared to MDM2 (P = 0.007). However, MDM2 and p53 expression were not significantly different among genotypes, and the G/G genotype can result in the altered protein expression of p53 in gastric cancer. Clinicopathological outcome was significantly associated with MDM2 expression, including tumor location in the upper gastric region (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.25-3.54, P = 0.037), undifferentiated type (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.38-4.14, P = 0.016), presence of lymphatic invasion (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.22-3.19, P = 0.014), and unresectable tumor (OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 1.61-4.94, P = 0.017). Our study indicated associations of the MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygous polymorphism, MDM2 and p53 expression. Therefore, G/G-associated MDM2 revealed that P53 expression was decreased in gastric cancer and poor clinicopathological outcomes. Understanding the genetic polymorphisms and expression of MDM2 may help explain gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeraya Simawaranon Bartpho
- Translational Medicine Program, School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wareeporn Wattanawongdon
- Translational Medicine Program, School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Tongtawee
- Translational Medicine Program, School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Mancini F, Giorgini L, Teveroni E, Pontecorvi A, Moretti F. Role of Sex in the Therapeutic Targeting of p53 Circuitry. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698946. [PMID: 34307167 PMCID: PMC8298065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex profoundly affects cancer incidence and susceptibility to therapy, with sex hormones highly contributing to this disparity. Various studies and omics data suggest a relationship between sex and the oncosuppressor p53 circuitry, including its regulators MDM2 and MDM4. Association of this network with genetic variation underlies sex-related altered cancer risk, age of onset, and cancer sensitivity to therapy. Moreover, sex-related factors, mainly estrogenic hormones, can affect the levels and/or function of the p53 network both in hormone-dependent and independent cancer. Despite this evidence, preclinical and clinical studies aimed to evaluate p53 targeted therapy rarely consider sex and related factors. This review summarizes the studies reporting the relationship between sex and the p53 circuitry, including its associated regulators, MDM2 and MDM4, with particular emphasis on estrogenic hormones. Moreover, we reviewed the evaluation of sex/hormone in preclinical studies and clinical trials employing p53-target therapies, and discuss how patients’ sex and hormonal status could impact these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancini
- Research Unit on Human Reproduction, International Scientific Institute Paul VI, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giorgini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo, Italy.,Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Teveroni
- Research Unit on Human Reproduction, International Scientific Institute Paul VI, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo, Italy
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Sun Y, Han B, Sun F. Ultra-specific genotyping of single nucleotide variants by ligase-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a modified ligation probe. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17058-17063. [PMID: 35479710 PMCID: PMC9032167 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00851j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific and accurate detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) plays significant roles in pathogenic gene research and clinical applications. However, the sensitive but ultra-specific detection of rare variants in biological samples still remains challenging. Herein, we report a novel, robust and practical SNV assay by integrating the outstanding features of high selectivity of an artificial mismatched probe, and the powerful loop-mediated isothermal amplification. In this strategy, we rationally introduce artificial mismatched bases into the 3′-terminal regions of the probe located in the ligation region to reduce the risk of nonspecific ligation, which can dramatically improve the specificity for the SNV assay. The proposed method can discern as little as 0.01% mutant DNA in the high background of wild-type DNA with high sensitivity (10 aM). In virtue of its outstanding performance, the artificial mismatched probe may also be employed and expanded in various DNA and RNA genetic analyses with ligase-assisted approaches, showing great potential in biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, and bioanalysis. An artificial mismatched base introduced in a ligation probe can effectively reduce nonspecific ligation and improve the specificity for SNV assay.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province P. R. China .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 Shaanxi Province P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Han
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province P. R. China
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Haupt S, Haupt Y. Cancer and Tumour Suppressor p53 Encounters at the Juncture of Sex Disparity. Front Genet 2021; 12:632719. [PMID: 33664771 PMCID: PMC7920968 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many differences in cancer manifestation between men and women. New understanding of the origin of these point to fundamental distinctions in the genetic code and its demise. Tumour suppressor protein p53 is the chief operating officer of cancer defence and critically acts to safeguard against sustained DNA damaged. P53 cannot be ignored in cancer sex disparity. In this review we discuss the greater prevalence and associated death rates for non-reproductive cancers in males. The major tumour suppressor protein p53, encoded in the TP53 gene is our chosen context. It is fitting to ask why somatic TP53 mutation incidence is estimated to be disproportionately higher among males in the population for these types of cancers compared with females? We scrutinised the literature for evidence of predisposing genetic and epigenetic alterations that may explain this sex bias. Our second approach was to explore whether redox activity, either externally imposed or inherent to males and females, may define distinct risks that could contribute to the clear cancer sex disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Lopes-Ramos CM, Quackenbush J, DeMeo DL. Genome-Wide Sex and Gender Differences in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597788. [PMID: 33330090 PMCID: PMC7719817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their known importance in clinical medicine, differences based on sex and gender are among the least studied factors affecting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, and therapeutic response. In particular, the molecular mechanisms driving sex differences are poorly understood and so most approaches to precision medicine use mutational or other genomic data to assign therapy without considering how the sex of the individual might influence therapeutic efficacy. The mandate by the National Institutes of Health that research studies include sex as a biological variable has begun to expand our understanding on its importance. Sex differences in cancer may arise due to a combination of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors, as well as differences in gene regulation, and expression. Extensive sex differences occur genome-wide, and ultimately influence cancer biology and outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about sex-specific genetic and genome-wide influences in cancer, describe how differences in response to environmental exposures and genetic and epigenetic alterations alter the trajectory of the disease, and provide insights into the importance of integrative analyses in understanding the interplay of sex and genomics in cancer. In particular, we will explore some of the emerging analytical approaches, such as the use of network methods, that are providing a deeper understanding of the drivers of differences based on sex and gender. Better understanding these complex factors and their interactions will improve cancer prevention, treatment, and outcomes for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Lopes-Ramos
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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The 40bp Indel Polymorphism rs150550023 in the MDM2 Promoter is Associated with Intriguing Shifts in Gene Expression in the p53-MDM2 Regulatory Hub. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113363. [PMID: 33202864 PMCID: PMC7697608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most low-penetrance genetic risk factors for cancer are located in noncoding regions, presumably altering the regulation of neighboring genes. The poorly characterized Indel polymorphism rs150550023 (rs3730485; del1518) in the promoter of MDM2 (human homolog of mouse double minute 2) is a biologically plausible candidate genetic risk factor, which might influence the expression of MDM2, a key negative regulator of the central tumor suppressor p53. Here, we genotyped rs150550023 in a Central European hospital-based case-control study of 407 breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, and the p53 target genes p21, BAX, and PERP were quantified with qRT-PCR, and p53 protein was assessed with immune histochemistry in ≈100 primary breast tumors with ascertained rs150550023 genotype. We found no evidence for an association of rs150550023 with the risk, age at onset, or prognosis of breast cancer. A possible synergism was observed with SNP309 in promoter P2 of MDM2. Mean mRNA levels of MDM2, p53, p21, and BAX were ≈1.5-3 fold elevated in TP53 wildtype tumors with the minor homozygous Del/Del genotype. However, systematic shifts in p53 protein levels or mutation rates were not observed, suggesting that the elevated p53 mRNA levels are due to regulatory feedback loops that compensate for the effects of rs150550023 on MDM2 expression.
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Barnoud T, Parris JLD, Murphy ME. Common genetic variants in the TP53 pathway and their impact on cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:578-585. [PMID: 31152665 PMCID: PMC6736421 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 gene is well known to be the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. In addition to mutations, there are > 20 different coding region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TP53 gene, as well as SNPs in MDM2, the negative regulator of p53. Several of these SNPs are known to alter p53 pathway function. This makes p53 rather unique among cancer-critical genes, e.g. the coding regions of other cancer-critical genes like Ha-Ras, RB, and PI3KCA do not have non-synonymous coding region SNPs that alter their function in cancer. The next frontier in p53 biology will consist of probing which of these coding region SNPs are moderately or strongly pathogenic and whether they influence cancer risk and the efficacy of cancer therapy. The challenge after that will consist of determining whether we can tailor chemotherapy to correct the defects for each of these variants. Here we review the SNPs in TP53 and MDM2 that show the most significant impact on cancer and other diseases. We also propose avenues for how this information can be used to better inform personalized medicine approaches to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua L D Parris
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Li W, Peng X, Lang J, Xu C. Targeting Mouse Double Minute 2: Current Concepts in DNA Damage Repair and Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32477121 PMCID: PMC7232544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA damage repair may cause genome instability and cancer development. The tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates cell cycle arrest to allow time for DNA repair. The oncoprotein mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) promotes cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance in many types of cancer. The major role of MDM2 is to inhibit p53 activity and promote its degradation. In this review, we describe the influence of MDM2 on genomic instability, the role of MDM2 on releasing p53 and binding DNA repair proteins to inhibit repair, and the regulation network of MDM2 including its transcriptional modifications, protein stability, and localization following DNA damage in genome integrity maintenance and in MDM2-p53 axis control. We also discuss p53-dependent and p53 independent oncogenic function of MDM2 and the outcomes of clinical trials that have been used with clinical inhibitors targeting p53-MDM2 to treat certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Cancer Clinical Research Center & Integrative Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinhao Peng
- Cancer Clinical Research Center & Integrative Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Cancer Clinical Research Center & Integrative Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Cancer Clinical Research Center & Integrative Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Sex is a key biological factor affecting the development of many cancer types. There are considerable differences between male and female subpopulations in terms of cancer incidence, prognosis and mortality. Recent studies have extensively characterized the sex-biased molecular changes in cancer patients. Further efforts should be made to develop sex-specific cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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15
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Tongtawee T, Simawaranon T, Wattanawongdon W. Role of screening colonoscopy for colorectal tumors in Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis with MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygous: A prospective cross-sectional study in Thailand. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 29:555-560. [PMID: 30260777 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygosity is known to be the genetic background that influences the severity of inflammation in the gastric mucosa, and it corresponds to CRC development. We examined the role of screening colonoscopy in H. pylori-related chronic gastritis and the association of patients who have MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygosity and advanced colorectal neoplasia (CRN) susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was used to investigate H. pylori-related gastritis in 331 consecutive asymptomatic patients who had MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygosity and who were enrolled from November 2014 to July 2017. The MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism was genotyped by real-time PCR hybridization probe assay. RESULTS Totally, there were 331 patients with H. pylori-related gastritis, of whom 39 (8.76%) had advanced CRN. The H. pylori-positive group comprised 180 patients (54.36%). H. pylori infection was associated with advanced CRN (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.56-2.80; p=0.01) and had an increased risk of advanced CRN (OR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.76-5.21; p=0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors. Patients with H. pylori infection had a significantly increased risk of high-grade dysplasia or invasive adenocarcinoma (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.48-4.17; p=0.03). CONCLUSION Chronic gastritis patients infected with H. pylori and who had MDM2 SNP309 G/G homozygosity had an increased risk of advanced CRN, particularly high-grade dysplasia including invasive adenocarcinoma. Screening colonoscopy in these patients might benefit colorectal polyp diagnosis and prevention and early CRC treatment in the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweesak Tongtawee
- Department of Surgery, Suranaree University of Technology Institute of Medicine, Nakhon Ratchasima; Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Tarchasima, Thailand
| | - Theeraya Simawaranon
- Department of Surgery, Suranaree University of Technology Institute of Medicine, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wareporn Wattanawongdon
- Department of Surgery, Suranaree University of Technology Institute of Medicine, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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16
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Miedl H, Lebhard J, Ehart L, Schreiber M. Association of the MDM2 SNP285 and SNP309 Genetic Variants with the Risk, Age at Onset and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Central European Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030509. [PMID: 30691044 PMCID: PMC6387136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNP309T>G (rs2279744) and SNP285G>C (rs117039649) in the MDM2 promoter are thought to have opposite effects on the binding of transcription factor SP1 (specificity protein 1), and consequently on MDM2 expression, p53 levels, cancer risk, age at onset, and prognosis. Here, we genotyped SNP309 and SNP285 in 406 Austrian breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. The SNP309GG genotype was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in p53 negative (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.03; p = 0.02), but not p53 positive or unselected patients. In contrast, the SNP309TT genotype was associated with an earlier age at onset (TT, 57.0 ± 12.9; TG, 58.6 ± 13.9; GG, 59.7 ± 15.0 years; p = 0.048). 31% of SNP309TT, 26% of TG, and 13% of GG tumors were p53 positive (p = 0.034), indicating a lower selective pressure to mutate TP53 in the presence of the G-allele. Moreover, SNP309TT patients exhibited a shortened metastasis-free survival in multivariable analysis. Censoring carriers of the SNP285C-allele hardly altered the strength of these associations of SNP309, thus challenging the proposed antagonistic function of SNP285C towards SNP309G. The minor SNP285C-allele tended to be non-significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk and a poor disease-free and metastasis-free survival, which may be bystander effects of its complete linkage disequilibrium with SNP309G. We conclude that the SNP309G-allele attenuates the p53-response and leads to a higher breast cancer risk, but also to a later onset of breast cancer and a trend towards a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Miedl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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A Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Polymorphism, MMP1-1607 (1G>2G), Is Associated with Increased Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Including 21,327 Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7565834. [PMID: 30627228 PMCID: PMC6305015 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7565834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) polymorphism MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) has been associated with susceptibility to various cancers, these findings are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the association between MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) and cancer risk. A systematic search of literature through PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar yielded 77 articles with 21,327 cancer patients and 23,245 controls. The association between the MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism and cancer risks was detected in an allele model (2G vs. 1G, overall risk [OR]: 1.174, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.107-1.244), a dominant model (2G2G/1G2G vs. 1G1G OR, OR: 1.192, 95% CI: 1.090-1.303), and a recessive model (2G2G vs. 1G2G/1G1G, OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 1.141-1.329). In subgroup analysis, these associations were detected in both Asians and Caucasians. After stratification by cancer types, associations were found in lung, colorectal, nervous system, renal, bladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers. This meta-analysis revealed that MMP1-1607 (1G>2G) polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of cancers.
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18
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Bruno W, Andreotti V, Bisio A, Pastorino L, Fornarini G, Sciallero S, Bianchi-Scarrà G, Inga A, Ghiorzo P. Functional analysis of a CDKN2A 5'UTR germline variant associated with pancreatic cancer development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189123. [PMID: 29216274 PMCID: PMC5720692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKN2A coding region germline variants are associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) susceptibility. Recently, we described functional germline 5’UTR CDKN2A variants from melanoma patients affecting the post-transcriptional regulation of p16INK4a mRNA that is dependent, at least in part, on an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) in the 5’UTR region. Here we describe a 5’UTR c.-201_-198delinsCTTT CDKN2A variant (frequency 0.0028 based on 350 PC patients), which seems to be private to PC, since it has never been found in public databases nor in thousands of melanoma patients tested. Functional analyses confirmed IRES activity of the 5’UTR in BX-PC3 PC cells and revealed a functional impact of the identified variant. Using gene reporter assays we observed reduced translation potential in cells treated with the mTOR inhibitor Torin1, a condition that favors the assessment of IRES activity. At the endogenous gene level we quantified allelic imbalance among polysome-associated mRNAs using a patient-derived cell line heterozygous for the c.-201_-198delinsCTTT. Overall, we conclude that this very rare private variant can be considered a potential mutation, specifically associated with PC. Our data indicate that sequencing of the entire 5'UTR of CDKN2A should be included in routine screening of PC cases with suspected inherited susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Bianchi-Scarrà
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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19
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Avirmed S, Wang BS, Selenge B, Sanjaajamts A, Ganbat B, Erdenebileg U, Purevsuren M, Jigjidsuren S, Batmunkh M, Lee YJ. Association between MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer in the Mongolian population. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:412-420. [PMID: 28781817 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate whether MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms were associated with the risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian populations. These polymorphisms were evaluated in 79 controls and 63 bladder cancer cases using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, followed by analysis using multivariate logistic regression model and the Kaplan-Meier model to determine the odds ratio (OR) and age at onset of bladder cancer, respectively. The results revealed that the homozygous (G/G) genotype of MDM2-SNP309 increased the risk of bladder cancer compared to the wild-type (T/T) genotype [OR=1.629; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.622-4.266] among Mongolians. On the other hand, the homozygous (P/P) genotype of p53R72P tended to protect the population from bladder cancer compared with the wild-type (R/R) genotype (OR=0.445; 95% CI=0.1727-2.147). It also showed that G/G genotype of MDM2-SNP309 increased the risk of bladder cancer when combined with the R/R genotype of p53R72P (OR=3.355; 95% CI=0.3914-28.766). Stratification by smoking and history of chronic urinary tract diseases tended towards increasing the risk association of the G/G (OR=2.3704; 95% CI=0.4308-3.044) and T/G genotypes (OR=5; 95% CI=0.8442-30.4088) of MDM2-SNP309 with bladder cancer, respectively. The protective role of P/P of p53R72P remained following stratification. MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P were not involved in early age onset of bladder cancer in Mongolian patients. Taken together, MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P had no significant association with bladder cancer in Mongolian patients. The two SNPs were also not able to predict early age at onset of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiirevnyamba Avirmed
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bo-Shen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Baasansuren Selenge
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Amarsaikhan Sanjaajamts
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Batmunkh Ganbat
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Ulziisaikhan Erdenebileg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Myagmarsuren Purevsuren
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.,Department of Urology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia
| | - Sarantsetseg Jigjidsuren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210648, Mongolia
| | - Munkhbat Batmunkh
- Science Technology Center, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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20
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How gene polymorphisms can influence clinical response and toxicity following R-CHOP therapy in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Blood Rev 2017; 31:235-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
The vast majority of somatic variants in cancer genomes occur in non-coding regions. However, progress in cancer genomics in the past decade has been mostly focused on coding regions, largely due to the prohibitive cost of whole genome sequencing (WGS). Recent technological advances have decreased sequencing costs leading to the current acquisition of thousands of tumor whole genome sequences which has led to a hunt for non-coding drivers. The most well characterized regulatory drivers are in the TERT promoter and have been identified in many cancer types. Despite the larger fraction of somatic variants occurring in non-coding regions, the number of non-coding drivers identified so far is much less than the number of coding region drivers. Here we discuss reasons that may hinder the detection of non-coding drivers. We also examine the relationship between non-coding genetic variation and epigenetic state in tumor cells and assert the need for additional epigenetic data sets as a prerequisite for understanding the rewiring of regulatory networks in cancer.
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22
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Genome-scale functional analysis of the human genes modulating p53 activity by regulating MDM2 expression in a p53-independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:976-81. [PMID: 27524244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MDM2, a critical negative regulator of p53, is often overexpressed in leukemia, but few p53 mutations are found, suggesting that p53-independent MDM2 expression occurs due to alterations in MDM2 upstream regulators. In this study, a high MDM2 transcription level was observed (41.17%) regardless of p53 expression in patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, we performed genome-scale functional screening of the human genes modulating MDM2 expression in a p53-independent manner. We searched co-expression profiles of genes showing a positive or negative pattern with MDM2 expression in a DNA microarray database, selected1089 links, and composed a screening library of 368 genes. Using MDM2 P1 and P2 promoter-reporter systems, we screened clones regulating MDM2 transcriptions in a p53-independent manner by overexpression. Nine clones from the screening library showed enhanced MDM2 promoter activity and MDM2 expression in p53-deficient HCT116 cells. Among them, six clones, including NTRK2, GNA15, SFRS2, EIF5A, ELAVL1, and YWHAB mediated MAPK signaling for expressing MDM2. These results indicate that p53-independent upregulation of MDM2 by increasing selected clones may lead to oncogenesis in AML and that MDM2-modulating genes are novel potential targets for AML treatment.
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Wasylishen AR, Lozano G. Attenuating the p53 Pathway in Human Cancers: Many Means to the Same End. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026211. [PMID: 27329033 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The p53 pathway is perturbed in the majority of human cancers. Although this most frequently occurs through the direct mutation or deletion of p53 itself, there are a number of other alterations that can attenuate the pathway and contribute to tumorigenesis. For example, amplification of important negative regulators, MDM2 and MDM4, occurs in a number of cancers. In this work, we will review both the normal regulation of the p53 pathway and the different mechanisms of pathway inhibition in cancer, discuss these alterations in the context of the global genomic analyses that have been conducted across tumor types, and highlight the translational implications for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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24
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Popp NA, Agrón E, Hageman GS, Tuo J, Chew EY, Chan CC. No Sex Differences in the Frequencies of Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:470-475. [PMID: 27420564 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1196708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since some studies have reported differences in the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with biological sex, we set out to determine whether the difference in the disease susceptibility is afforded by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AMD. METHODS We genotyped 2067 Caucasian subjects from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study cohort for commonly associated AMD SNPs, including those in CFH (rs1061170, rs1410996, and rs3766404), ARMS2 (rs10490924), and C3 (rs2230199) using either a Sequenom MassARRAY MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer or using Taqman genotyping reagents. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect of genotype, age, sex, and smoking status on the development of AMD. RESULTS All tested SNPs genotyped are associated strongly with AMD (p < 0.0001), in concordance with previous studies. However, we found no observable differences in any of the SNPs studied when categorized by sex. Interactions between SNPs and sex were found to be not statistically significant (p = 0.38-0.79). CONCLUSIONS The difference between male and female incidence of AMD is not explained by the most commonly AMD-associated SNPs, though it does not exclude the possibility that other, less common SNPs contribute to this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Popp
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Elvira Agrón
- b Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- c Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Utah, John A. Moran Eye Center , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.,d Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah , John A. Moran Eye Center , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Jingsheng Tuo
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Emily Y Chew
- b Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- a Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology , National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
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25
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Oliner JD, Saiki AY, Caenepeel S. The Role of MDM2 Amplification and Overexpression in Tumorigenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026336. [PMID: 27194168 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a critical negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, playing a key role in controlling its transcriptional activity, protein stability, and nuclear localization. MDM2 expression is up-regulated in numerous cancers, resulting in a loss of p53-dependent activities, such as apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Genetic amplification and inheritance of MDM2 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the two best-studied mechanisms for up-regulating MDM2 activity. This article provides an overview of these events in human cancer, highlighting the frequent occurrence of MDM2 amplification in sarcoma and the role of SNP309 and SNP285 in regulating MDM2 expression and cancer risk. The availability of large-scale genomic profiling datasets, like those from The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, have provided the opportunity to evaluate the consequences of MDM2 amplification and SNP inheritance across high-quality tumor samples from diverse cancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Y Saiki
- Oncology Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Sean Caenepeel
- Oncology Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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Homozygous G/G variant of SNP309 in the human MDM2 gene is associated with earlier tumor onset in Caucasian female renal cell carcinoma patients. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e205. [PMID: 26926790 PMCID: PMC5154348 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) plays an essential role in the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53. The G/G variant of SNP309 was shown to increase Mdm2 mRNA/protein expression and to be associated with an increased risk and earlier onset of different cancers in Asian populations. However, the frequency and impact of these G/G variants have not been studied in Caucasian renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Therefore, we analyzed an unselected German cohort of 197 consecutive RCC patients and detected the G/G variant in 18 (9.1%) patients, the G/T variant in 116 (58.9%) patients and the T/T variant in 63 (32.0%) patients. Studying the association between age at tumor onset and SNP309 genotypes, no correlation was detected in the entire RCC cohort or among the male RCC patients. However, the female G/G patients (median age 59.5 years) were diagnosed 13.5 years earlier than the T/T females (median age 73 years). When separating all females into two groups at their median age (68 years), 7 and 1 patients with the G/G variant and 9 and 13 patients with the T/T variant were noted in these age groups (P=0.024). To study the age dependency of tumor onset further, a second, age-selected cohort of 205 RCC patients was investigated, which comprised especially young and old patients. Interestingly, the G/G type occurred more often at lower tumor stages and tumor grades compared with higher stages (P=0.039 and 0.004, respectively). In females, the percentage of the G/G variant was only slightly higher in the younger age group, whereas in males, the percentage of the G/G variant was remarkably higher in the younger age group (19.4% vs 8.0%). In summary, female Caucasian RCC patients with the MDM2 SNP309 G/G genotype showed significantly earlier tumor onset than patients with the wild-type T/T genotype.
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Khurana E, Fu Y, Chakravarty D, Demichelis F, Rubin MA, Gerstein M. Role of non-coding sequence variants in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:93-108. [PMID: 26781813 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer carry somatic sequence variants in their tumour in addition to the germline variants in their inherited genome. Although variants in protein-coding regions have received the most attention, numerous studies have noted the importance of non-coding variants in cancer. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of variants, both somatic and germline, occur in non-coding portions of the genome. We review the current understanding of non-coding variants in cancer, including the great diversity of the mutation types--from single nucleotide variants to large genomic rearrangements--and the wide range of mechanisms by which they affect gene expression to promote tumorigenesis, such as disrupting transcription factor-binding sites or functions of non-coding RNAs. We highlight specific case studies of somatic and germline variants, and discuss how non-coding variants can be interpreted on a large-scale through computational and experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Khurana
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Bina Technologies, Roche Sequencing, Redwood City, California 94065, USA
| | - Dimple Chakravarty
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Xie L, Sun Y, Chen T, Tian D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Ding N, Shen Z, Xu H, Nian X, Sha N, Han R, Hu H, Wu C. Association between MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism and the risk of bladder cancer: new data in a Chinese population and an updated meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3679-90. [PMID: 26672516 PMCID: PMC4676618 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2) is mainly a negative regulator of p53 tumor suppressor pathway. We aimed to investigate the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. Methods A total of 535 bladder cancer patients and 649 health controls were recruited for our study. MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the genotype and susceptibility of bladder cancer. Kaplan–Meier estimates and log-rank test were obtained to analyze the association between the genotype and risk of recrudesce in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify independent prognostic factors. To further investigate the association, we conducted a meta-analysis including six studies. Results The frequency of the MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism showed no significant difference between cases and controls (all P>0.05). In the stratification analysis, the results showed that G allele carriers were prone to have a significant decrease in risk of low-grade bladder cancer (adjusted odds ratio: 0.613, 95% confidence interval: 0.427–0.881), and G variant was associated with a significantly reduced risk of recurrence in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with or without chemotherapy (P<0.05). The results of the meta-analysis showed that G allele and GG genotype of MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism were significantly associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Caucasians (both P<0.05), and no association was observed in total populations and Asians (P>0.05). Conclusion MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism has no influence on bladder cancer risk in Asians, but this single nucleotide polymorphism may be associated with genetic susceptibility of bladder cancer among Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linguo Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu Nian
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sha
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifa Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Tao L, Li Z, Lin L, Lei Y, Hongyuan Y, Hongwei J, Yang L, Chuize K. MMP1, 2, 3, 7, and 9 gene polymorphisms and urinary cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:548-55. [PMID: 26301605 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of highly conserved, metal-dependent proteolytic enzymes that play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Many studies have been carried out on the association between polymorphisms in the MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, and MMP9 genes and urinary cancer risk. However, the data from these published studies are conflicting and have low statistical power. METHODS In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 12 different publications from the PubMed and WanFang databases, published up to May 2015, to better assess the purported associations. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to reveal association strengths. RESULTS Some significant associations were found. For the MMP1 -1607 1G/2G polymorphism, a negative association was identified for the 2G allele in bladder cancer (2G2G+2G1G vs. 1G1G: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36-0.93, pheterogeneity = 0.001) and renal cell carcinoma (2G1G vs. 1G1G: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39-0.82, pheterogeneity = 0.567). For the MMP2 -1306 C/T polymorphism, there was a negative association with the T allele for bladder cancer in the Asian population (TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18-0.94, pheterogeneity = 0.195). For the MMP7 -181 A/G polymorphism, a decreased bladder cancer risk was found (G-allele vs. A-allele: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66-0.98, pheterogeneity =0.325). CONCLUSION In summary, our study showed evidence that genetic polymorphisms in MMP1 for all populations, but only in the Asian population for MMP2 and MMP7, may protect against bladder cancer risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate these associations in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tao
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Li
- 2 Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- 3 Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Lei
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hongyuan
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hongwei
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kong Chuize
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Heyne K, Kölsch K, Bruand M, Kremmer E, Grässer FA, Mayer J, Roemer K. Np9, a cellular protein of retroviral ancestry restricted to human, chimpanzee and gorilla, binds and regulates ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2619-33. [PMID: 26103464 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1064565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and primates are long-lived animals with long reproductive phases. One factor that appears to contribute to longevity and fertility in humans, as well as to cancer-free survival, is the transcription factor and tumor suppressor p53, controlled by its main negative regulator MDM2. However, p53 and MDM2 homologs are found throughout the metazoan kingdom from Trichoplacidae to Hominidae. Therefore the question arises, if p53/MDM2 contributes to the shaping of primate features, then through which mechanisms. Previous findings have indicated that the appearances of novel p53-regulated genes and wild-type p53 variants during primate evolution are important in this context. Here, we report on another mechanism of potential relevance. Human endogenous retrovirus K subgroup HML-2 (HERV-K(HML-2)) type 1 proviral sequences were formed in the genomes of the predecessors of contemporary Hominoidea and can be identified in the genomes of Nomascus leucogenys (gibbon) up to Homo sapiens. We previously reported on an alternative splicing event in HERV-K(HML-2) type 1 proviruses that can give rise to nuclear protein of 9 kDa (Np9). We document here the evolution of Np9-coding capacity in human, chimpanzee and gorilla, and show that the C-terminal half of Np9 binds directly to MDM2, through a domain of MDM2 that is known to be contacted by various cellular proteins in response to stress. Np9 can inhibit the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase activity toward p53 in the cell nucleus, and can support the transactivation of genes by p53. Our findings point to the possibility that endogenous retrovirus protein Np9 contributes to the regulation of the p53-MDM2 pathway specifically in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Heyne
- a José Carreras Center and Internal Medicine I; University of Saarland Medical Center ; Homburg , Germany
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He X, Chen P, Yang K, Liu B, Zhang Y, Wang F, Guo Z, Liu X, Lou J, Chen H. Association of MDM2 polymorphism with risk and prognosis of leukemia: a meta-analysis. Acta Haematol 2015; 133:365-371. [PMID: 25790771 DOI: 10.1159/000369522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we performed an updated meta-analysis by summarizing all available relevant association studies to evaluate whether the murine double minute-2 (MDM2) T309G polymorphism is associated with risk of leukemia and to determine its prognostic effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies published in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register were searched till June 2014 using the search terms 'MDM2', 'polymorphism' and 'leukemia'. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 2,478 patients accrued. There were 8 studies providing data on single nucleotide polymorphism at position 309 (SNP309) and risk of leukemia and 7 studies providing data on SNP309 and overall survival. Our analysis showed that patients having G/G mutations had a significantly higher risk of developing leukemia (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.56-2.31, p < 0.00001), while the association between G/T and leukemia was not significant (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.96-1.45, p = 0.11). In addition, SNP309 was not significantly associated with patient survival (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.79-2.13, p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed that the MDM2 T309G variation, especially homozygous G/G, might be associated with an increased risk of leukemia. Additional studies are needed to confirm the findings as well as to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Abderrahmane R, Louhibi L, Moghtit FZ, Boubekeur A, Benseddik K, Boudjema A, Benrrahal F, Aberkane M, Fodil M, Saidi-Mehtar N. TP53 Arg 72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A West Algerian Population Study. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:629-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gansmo LB, Knappskog S, Romundstad P, Hveem K, Vatten L, Lønning PE. Influence of
MDM2
SNP309 and SNP285 status on the risk of cancer in the breast, prostate, lung and colon. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:96-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv B. Gansmo
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Per E. Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
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Amaral CM, Cetkovská K, Gurgel AP, Cardoso MV, Chagas BS, Paiva Júnior SS, de Lima RDCP, Silva-Neto JC, Silva LA, Muniz MT, Balbino VQ, Freitas AC. MDM2 polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with Human papillomavirus and using of oral contraceptives. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:24. [PMID: 25075210 PMCID: PMC4113664 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MDM2 gene is the major negative regulator of p53, a tumor suppressor protein. Single nucleotide polymorphism in promoter region of MDM2 gene leads to increased expression resulting in higher levels of MDM2 protein. This event increases the attenuation of the p53 pathway. Polymorphisms in this gene can interfere in the regulation of cellular proliferation. We evaluated whether MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) associated or not with the use of oral contraceptive can heighten susceptibility to development of cervical lesions in women HPV infected. Methods MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) was genotyped in a total of 287 patients using the PCR-RFLP technique. The results were analyzed by UNPHASED v.3.121 and SNPStats programs. Results The three groups (SIL, LSIL and HSIL) showed no significant differences in either genotype or allelic frequencies for MDM2 polymorphisms, except when HSIL was compared with LSIL (p = 0.037; OR = 1.81). Furthermore, in the analysis of contraceptives, a significant association was found between the use of contraceptives and the MDM2 variant in the development of high-grade cervical lesions for the TG genotype (p = 0.019; OR = 2.21) when HSIL was compared with control. When HSIL was compared with LSIL (p = 0.006; OR = 2.27). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that MDM2 SNP309 might be a good marker for assessing the progression of LSIL to HSIL. In addition, they also show that oral contraceptives alone, did not have any effect on the progression or development of cervical lesions. However, they may act synergistically with MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) and HPV infection in the development of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mm Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Katerina Cetkovská
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Pad Gurgel
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Cardoso
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bárbara S Chagas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Sl Paiva Júnior
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Pereira de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jacinto C Silva-Neto
- Molecular and Cytological Research Laboratory, Department of Histology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Af Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Tc Muniz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Center of Pediatric Oncohaematological, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdir Q Balbino
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Le Morvan V, Litière S, Laroche-Clary A, Ait-Ouferoukh S, Bellott R, Messina C, Cameron D, Bonnefoi H, Robert J. Identification of SNPs associated with response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the EORTC-10994 randomized phase III trial. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:63-8. [PMID: 24958282 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using cell line panels we identified associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and chemosensitivity. To validate these findings in clinics, we genotyped a subset of patients included in a neoadjuvant breast cancer trial to explore the relationship between genotypes and clinical outcome according to treatment received and p53 status. We genotyped 384 selected SNPs in the germline DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded non-invaded lymph nodes of 243 patients. The polymorphisms of five selected genes were first studied, and then all 384 SNPs were considered. Correction for multiple testing was applied. CYP1B1 polymorphism was significantly associated with pathological complete response (pCR) in patients who had received DNA-damaging agents. MDM2, MDM4 and TP53BP1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with pCR in patients harboring a p53-positive tumor. In the complete SNP panel, there was a significant association between overall survival (OS) and a SNP of ADH1C, R272Q (P=0.0023). By multivariate analysis, only ADH1C genotype and p53 status were significantly associated with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Le Morvan
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Litière
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Laroche-Clary
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Ait-Ouferoukh
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Bellott
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Messina
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - H Bonnefoi
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Robert
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
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Hedström G, Thunberg U, Amini RM, Zainuddin N, Enblad G, Berglund M. The MDM2 polymorphism SNP309 is associated with clinical characteristics and outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:500-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Hedström
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ulf Thunberg
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Norafiza Zainuddin
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science; Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences; International Islamic University; Pahang Malaysia
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mattias Berglund
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences; Section of Oncology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Rebbani K, Ezzikouri S, Marchio A, Kandil M, Pineau P, Benjelloun S. MDM2 285G>C and 344T>A gene variants and their association with hepatocellular carcinoma: a Moroccan case-control study. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:11. [PMID: 24708820 PMCID: PMC3986458 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDM2 gene polymorphisms 285G/C and 344 T/A are two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) recently identified as important variants that could influence the expression of MDM2 gene through the modulation of transcription factors binding on the SNP309T/G. The 285C variant seems to present a geographically distinct distribution in humans and to be associated with a low cancer risk. In the present report, we studied the distribution of the three SNPs in a population with low liver cancer incidence. METHODS A group of 119 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, 63.45 ± 12.59 year, 26-80) and another of 103 non-HCC controls (56 ± 10.82 year, 22-79) were enrolled to investigate association between MDM2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop HCC. The three studied SNPs (285G/C, 309 T/G and 344 T/A) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques. RESULTS Genotypes and alleles distributions of the three studied polymorphisms of MDM2 were not significantly different between cases and controls. An increased risk of HCC development was found in case of 309G allele presence albeit without reaching the significance (29.8% vs 22.3%, OR = 1.48, 95% CI, 0.96-2.27, p = 0.073). In addition, neither 285C nor 344A MDM2 variants were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC (p = 0.688 and p = 1 respectively). Remarkably, we found that the supposedly Caucasian-specific 285C variant was present in 1% of the Moroccan population. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of the MDM2 SNP285G/C and SNP344T/A polymorphisms in association with HCC development. In contrast with previous studies, showing that females carrying SNP285C variant have a significantly reduced risk of developing breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, no significant modulation of HCC risk was found in a North-African population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Unité de Virologie, Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Institut Pasteur du Maroc 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco.
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Eischen CM, Lozano G. The Mdm network and its regulation of p53 activities: a rheostat of cancer risk. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:728-37. [PMID: 24488925 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potent transcriptional activity of p53 (Trp53, TP53) must be kept in check for normal cell growth and survival. Tumors, which drastically deviate from these parameters, have evolved multiple mechanisms to inactivate TP53, the most prevalent of which is the emergence of TP53 missense mutations, some of which have gain-of-function activities. Another important mechanism by which tumors bypass TP53 functions is via increased levels of two TP53 inhibitors, MDM2, and MDM4. Studies in humans and in mice reveal the complexity of TP53 regulation and the exquisite sensitivity of this pathway to small changes in regulation. Here, we summarize the factors that impinge on TP53 activity and thus cell death/arrest or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Eischen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
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Oliveira C, Lourenço GJ, Rinck-Junior JA, Cintra ML, Moraes AM, Lima CSP. Association between genetic polymorphisms in apoptosis-related genes and risk of cutaneous melanoma in women and men. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 74:135-41. [PMID: 24461648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P53 Arg72Pro, MDM2 c.+309T>G, BAX c.-248G>A, and BCL2 c.-717C>A polymorphisms have variable roles in the apoptosis pathways. OBJECTIVE To clarify the roles of these polymorphisms in the risk for cutaneous melanoma (CM). METHODS Genomic DNA of 200 CM patients and 215 controls was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS In women, the frequencies of BAX GG (83.0% vs. 71.0%, P=0.04), BCL2 AA (32.0% vs. 15.0%, P=0.003), P53 ArgArg plus BAX GG (84.9% vs. 63.2%, P=0.01), P53 ArgArg plus BCL2 AA (37.0% vs. 13.1%, P=0.003), BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (70.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.001), MDM2 GG plus BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (27.3% vs. 3.7%, P=0.03), and P53 ArgArg plus MDM2 GG plus BAX GG plus BCL2 AA (33.3% vs. 5.6%, P=0.04) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Female carriers of the respective genotypes were under 1.98 (95% CI: 1.01-3.91), 2.87 (95% CI: 1.43-5.77), 3.48 (95% CI: 1.34-9.04), 4.23 (95% CI: 1.63-10.96), 6.04 (95% CI: 2.10-17.37), 25.61 (95% CI: 1.29-507.24), and 25.69 (95% CI: 1.11-593.59)-fold increased risks for CM than others, respectively. In men, the frequencies of BCL2 CA+AA (83.0% vs. 67.6%, P=0.01) and MDM2 TG+GG plus BCL2 CA+AA (94.2% vs. 68.3%, P=0.003) genotypes were higher in patients than in controls. Male carriers of the respective genotypes were under 2.43 (95% CI: 1.23-4.82) and 9.22 (95% CI: 2.16-39.31)-fold increased CM risks than others, respectively. CONCLUSION The data suggest for the first time that P53 Arg72Pro, MDM2 c.+309T>G, BAX c.-248G>A, and BCL2 c.-717C>A polymorphisms, enrolled in apoptosis pathways, constitute distinct determinants of CM in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Oliveira
- Clinical Oncology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Clinical Oncology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Rinck-Junior
- Clinical Oncology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Cintra
- Pathology Dermatology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Machado Moraes
- Dermatology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Clinical Oncology Service, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
The roles of p53 as "guardian of the genome" are extensive, encompassing regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, and senescence - ultimately steering cells through a balance of death and proliferation. The majority of sporadic cancers exhibit loss of p53 activity due to mutations or deletions of TP53, and alterations in its signaling pathway. Germline TP53 mutations have been identified in a group of families exhibiting a rare but highly penetrant familial cancer syndrome, called the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Between 60-80% of 'classic' LFS families carry mutant Trp53. The most frequent cancers observed are premenopausal breast cancer, bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, adrenal cortical carcinomas, and brain tumors. Penetrance is nearly 100% by age 70. Although TP53 is currently the only validated susceptibility locus recognized for LFS, recent studies have focused on the identification of genetic modifiers that may explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in LFS patients. Analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genome-wide copy number and telomere length have provided greater insight into the potential genetic modifiers of LFS. Moreover, the study of Trp53 mutant heterozygous mouse models has elucidated novel functions of p53, and offers insight into the mechanisms governing tumorigenesis in LFS. The key findings outlined in this chapter provide an overview of the molecular basis of LFS and the role of p53 in this unique heritable cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Merino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, M5G 1X8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Deb SP, Singh S, Deb S. MDM2 overexpression, activation of signaling networks, and cell proliferation. Subcell Biochem 2014; 85:215-34. [PMID: 25201197 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9211-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Frequent overexpression of MDM2 in human cancers suggests that the protein confers a survival advantage to cancer cells. However, overexpression of MDM2 in normal cells seems to restrict cell proliferation. This review discusses the cell growth regulatory functions of MDM2 in normal and genetically defective cells to assess how cancer cells evade the growth-restricting consequence of MDM2 overexpression. Similar to oncoproteins that induce a DNA damage response and oncogene induced senescence in non-transformed cells, MDM2 induces G1-arrest and intra-S phase checkpoint responses that control untimely DNA replication in the face of genetic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Palit Deb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA,
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43
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Tumour necrosis factor alpha 308 G/A is a risk marker for the progression from high-grade lesions to invasive cervical cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2561-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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XIE XIAOXUE, JIN HEKUN, HU JUN, ZENG YONG, ZHOU JUMEI, OUYANG SHUYU, YANG WENJUAN, HU BINGQIANG, WANG HUI. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 pathway and response to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:223-31. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sparks A, Dayal S, Das J, Robertson P, Menendez S, Saville MK. The degradation of p53 and its major E3 ligase Mdm2 is differentially dependent on the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor S5a. Oncogene 2013; 33:4685-96. [PMID: 24121268 PMCID: PMC4051618 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
p53 and its major E3 ligase Mdm2 are both ubiquitinated and targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Despite the importance of this in regulating the p53 pathway, little is known about the mechanisms of proteasomal recognition of ubiquitinated p53 and Mdm2. In this study, we show that knockdown of the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor S5a/PSMD4/Rpn10 inhibits p53 protein degradation and results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated p53. Overexpression of a dominant-negative deletion of S5a lacking its ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIM)s, but which can be incorporated into the proteasome, also causes the stabilization of p53. Furthermore, small-interferring RNA (siRNA) rescue experiments confirm that the UIMs of S5a are required for the maintenance of low p53 levels. These observations indicate that S5a participates in the recognition of ubiquitinated p53 by the proteasome. In contrast, targeting S5a has no effect on the rate of degradation of Mdm2, indicating that proteasomal recognition of Mdm2 can be mediated by an S5a-independent pathway. S5a knockdown results in an increase in the transcriptional activity of p53. The selective stabilization of p53 and not Mdm2 provides a mechanism for p53 activation. Depletion of S5a causes a p53-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, demonstrating that p53 can have a dominant role in the response to targeting S5a. This study provides evidence for alternative pathways of proteasomal recognition of p53 and Mdm2. Differences in recognition by the proteasome could provide a means to modulate the relative stability of p53 and Mdm2 in response to cellular signals. In addition, they could be exploited for p53-activating therapies. This work shows that the degradation of proteins by the proteasome can be selectively dependent on S5a in human cells, and that this selectivity can extend to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and its substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sparks
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Dayal
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Das
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - P Robertson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Menendez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M K Saville
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Yu X, Sun S. Comparing a few SNP calling algorithms using low-coverage sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:274. [PMID: 24044377 PMCID: PMC3848615 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) calling programs have been developed to identify Single Nucleotide Variations (SNVs) in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. However, low sequencing coverage presents challenges to accurate SNV identification, especially in single-sample data. Moreover, commonly used SNP calling programs usually include several metrics in their output files for each potential SNP. These metrics are highly correlated in complex patterns, making it extremely difficult to select SNPs for further experimental validations. RESULTS To explore solutions to the above challenges, we compare the performance of four SNP calling algorithm, SOAPsnp, Atlas-SNP2, SAMtools, and GATK, in a low-coverage single-sample sequencing dataset. Without any post-output filtering, SOAPsnp calls more SNVs than the other programs since it has fewer internal filtering criteria. Atlas-SNP2 has stringent internal filtering criteria; thus it reports the least number of SNVs. The numbers of SNVs called by GATK and SAMtools fall between SOAPsnp and Atlas-SNP2. Moreover, we explore the values of key metrics related to SNVs' quality in each algorithm and use them as post-output filtering criteria to filter out low quality SNVs. Under different coverage cutoff values, we compare four algorithms and calculate the empirical positive calling rate and sensitivity. Our results show that: 1) the overall agreement of the four calling algorithms is low, especially in non-dbSNPs; 2) the agreement of the four algorithms is similar when using different coverage cutoffs, except that the non-dbSNPs agreement level tends to increase slightly with increasing coverage; 3) SOAPsnp, SAMtools, and GATK have a higher empirical calling rate for dbSNPs compared to non-dbSNPs; and 4) overall, GATK and Atlas-SNP2 have a relatively higher positive calling rate and sensitivity, but GATK calls more SNVs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the agreement between different calling algorithms is relatively low. Thus, more caution should be used in choosing algorithms, setting filtering parameters, and designing validation studies. For reliable SNV calling results, we recommend that users employ more than one algorithm and use metrics related to calling quality and coverage as filtering criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Polymorphisms in the MDM2 gene and risk of malignant bone tumors: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:779-84. [PMID: 23979978 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several studies published to assess the associations of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) genetic polymorphisms with risk of malignant bone tumors, but they reported contradictory results and failed to confirm a strong and consistent association. To assess the evidence regarding the associations of MDM2 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of malignant bone tumors, we conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to assess these possible associations. Four studies with a total of 3,958 individuals were finally included the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of two studies on MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism showed that MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of malignant bone tumors (G versus T: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.35-2.20, P < 0.001; GG versus TT: OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.59-4.39, P < 0.001; GG/GT versus TT: OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.33-2.62, P < 0.001; GG versus TT/GT: OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.38-3.51, P = 0.001). Meta-analysis of those two studies on MDM2 rs1690916 polymorphism showed that MDM2 rs1690916 minor allele A was associated with decreased risk of malignant bone tumors (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.46-0.77, P < 0.001). Meta-analyses of available data show that there are significant associations of MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and MDM2 rs1690916 polymorphism with malignant bone tumors.
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Warren RS, Atreya CE, Niedzwiecki D, Weinberg VK, Donner DB, Mayer RJ, Goldberg RM, Compton CC, Zuraek MB, Ye C, Saltz LB, Bertagnolli MM. Association of TP53 mutational status and gender with survival after adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer: results of CALGB 89803. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5777-87. [PMID: 23983256 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The TP53 tumor suppressor is frequently mutated in colon cancer, but the influence of such mutations on survival remains controversial. We investigated whether mutations in the DNA-binding domain of TP53 are associated with survival in stage III colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The impact of TP53 genotype was prospectively evaluated in Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803, a trial that randomized stage III colon cancer patients to receive adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5FU/LV) or 5FU/LV with irinotecan (IFL). RESULTS TP53 mutations were identified in 274 of 607 cases. The presence of any TP53 mutation did not predict disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival with either adjuvant regimen when men and women were considered together or as separate groups. However, outcome differences among women became apparent when tumor TP53 genotype was stratified as wild-type versus zinc- or non-zinc-binding mutations in the TP53 DNA-binding domain. DFS at 5 years was 0.59, 0.52, and 0.78 for women with TP53 wild-type tumors, and tumors with zinc- or non-zinc-binding mutations, respectively. Survival at 5 years for these same women was 0.72, 0.59, and 0.90, respectively. No differences in survival by TP53 genotype were observed in men. CONCLUSIONS The presence of any TP53 mutation within the DNA-binding domain did not predict survival in stage III colon cancer. However, TP53 genotype was predictive of survival in women following adjuvant therapy. Future colon cancer therapeutic trials, with inclusion of correlative molecular markers, should be designed to permit evaluation of survival and/or response to treatment in women separately from men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Warren
- Authors' Affiliations: Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Current evidence on the relationship between SNP309 polymorphism in the MDM2 gene and colorectal cancer risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3721-9. [PMID: 23912932 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that MDM2 is a well-established negative regulator of the p53 protein and might be associated with a significantly earlier age of onset of several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, a T to G substitution (SNP309) in the promoter of MDM2 has been extensively studied as a potential CRC risk factor; however, the results are inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation of association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and CRC risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 studies with 4,050 CRC cases and 3,688 controls. For MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism, no obvious associations were found for all genetic models when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity, source of controls, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in controls, a significantly increased risk was observed among Asians (heterozygous model: odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.39, P = 0.005), population-based studies (heterozygous model: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02-1.34, P = 0.027), and among studies without the HWE (recessive model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.03-1.94, P = 0.030). When excluding three studies deviated from HWE, the significant results were also observed for heterozygous model in overall population (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.31, P = 0.020). No publication bias was found in the present study. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism was associated with CRC susceptibility, especially among Asians. Further research is needed to assess possible gene-gene or gene-environment-lifestyle interactions on CRC.
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Relationship Between MDM2 and p53 Alterations in Colorectal Cancer and Their Involvement and Prognostic Value in the Tunisian Population. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 21:228-36. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31825f4e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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