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Izady M, Khatami F, Ahadi Z, Roudgari H, Aghamir SMK. Updates on Overcoming Bicalutamide Resistance: A Glimpse into Resistance to a Novel Antiandrogen. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:905-914. [PMID: 38633597 PMCID: PMC11020064 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The standard androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer includes the use of bicalutamide, which is a well-known antagonist of androgen receptors. Despite numerous benefits of the drugs in prostate cancer treatment, there is always a risk of developing a resistant phenotype, which paves the way for a more aggressive and low-survival type of prostate cancer. Over the years, many studies have investigated the candidate mechanisms of such resistance and have managed to find possible therapeutic solutions. In this Review, we shed light on the heterogeneous dynamics of progression to resistance against bicalutamide treatment, referring to the most recent studies and the approaches that have been so far discussed. This Review tries to offer a deep and comprehensive understanding about how the resistant cells become sensitive to the drug and what corresponding pathways lead to an appropriate solution for the antiandrogen resistance challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Izady
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Department
of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, School of Biology,
College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Urology
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Hassan Roudgari
- Genomic
Research Center (GRC), Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
- Department
of Applied Medicine, Medical School, Aberdeen
University, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
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2
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Di Donato M, Moretti A, Sorrentino C, Toro G, Gentile G, Iolascon G, Castoria G, Migliaccio A. Filamin A cooperates with the androgen receptor in preventing skeletal muscle senescence. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:437. [PMID: 38040692 PMCID: PMC10692324 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a slow and progressive decrease in muscle mass and function, causing sarcopenia. Androgens control muscle trophism and exert important anabolic functions through the binding to the androgen receptor. Therefore, analysis of the androgen receptor-mediated actions in skeletal muscle might provide new hints for a better understanding of sarcopenia pathogenesis. In this study, we report that expression of the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle biopsies from 20 subjects is higher in young, as compared with old subjects. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the androgen receptor is complexed with filamin A mainly in young, that in old subjects. Therefore, we have in depth analyzed the role of such complex using C2C12 myoblasts that express a significant amount of the androgen receptor. In these cells, hormone stimulation rapidly triggers the assembly of the androgen receptor/filamin A complex. Such complex prevents the senescence induced by oxidative stress in C2C12 cells, as disruption of the androgen receptor/filamin A complex by Rh-2025u stapled peptide re-establishes the senescent phenotype in C2C12 cells. Simultaneously, androgen stimulation of C2C12 cells rapidly triggers the activation of various signaling effectors, including Rac1, focal adhesion kinase, and mitogen-activated kinases. Androgen receptor blockade by bicalutamide or perturbation of androgen receptor/filamin A complex by Rh-2025u stapled peptide both reverse the hormone activation of signaling effectors. These findings further reinforce the role of the androgen receptor and its extranuclear partners in the rapid hormone signaling that controls the functions of C2C12 cells. Further investigations are needed to promote clinical interventions that might ameliorate muscle cell function as well the clinical outcome of age-related frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico- Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 6-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico- Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 6-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico- Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 6-80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli'- Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138, Naples, Italy
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Külshammer E, Kilinc M, Csordás G, Bresser T, Nolte H, Uhlirova M. The mechanosensor Filamin A/Cheerio promotes tumourigenesis via specific interactions with components of the cell cortex. FEBS J 2022; 289:4497-4517. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Külshammer
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Merve Kilinc
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Gábor Csordás
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Tina Bresser
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Mirka Uhlirova
- Institute for Genetics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne Cologne Germany
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Li Y, Xu C, Sun B, Zhong F, Cao M, Yang L. Sema3d Restrained Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through Inactivating Pi3k/Akt Signaling via Interaction With FLNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913498. [PMID: 35957887 PMCID: PMC9358705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide due to the high incidence rate of metastasis and recurrence. Semaphorin 3d (Sema3d) has been shown to play a critical role in vascular development during early embryogenesis and several forms of cancer progression via regulating cell migration. However, the function of Sema3d in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the function and mechanisms of Sema3d in HCC. In our study, Sema3d expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Downregulated Sema3d was closely correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor clinical outcomes in HCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of Sema3d in HCCLM3 cells was significantly inhibited and knockdown of Sema3d in PLC/PRF/5 cells promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells in vitro and tumor growth, EMT, and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, the RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that these phenotypic and functional changes in Sema3d-interfered HCC cells were mediated by the Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway, and co-IP–combined mass spectrometry indicated Sema3d might interact with FLNA. Finally, we proved that Sema3d exerted its tumor-restraining effect by interacting with FLNA to inactivate the Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway and remodel the cytoskeleton. Our data showed that Sema3d restrained hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through inactivating Pi3k/Akt via interaction with FLNA, which may serve as a novel prognostic predictor and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Tamura Y, Nakamizo Y, Watanabe Y, Kimura I, Katoh H. Filamin A forms a complex with EphA2 and regulates EphA2 serine 897 phosphorylation and glioblastoma cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:64-70. [PMID: 35124461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
EphA2 is phosphorylated on serine 897 (S897) in response to growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and on tyrosine 588 (Y588) in response to its ligand ephrinA1, causing different cellular responses. In this study, we show that the actin-binding protein Filamin A forms a complex with EphA2 and promotes its S897 phosphorylation and glioblastoma cell proliferation. Suppression of Filamin A expression by siRNAs inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation induced by EGF stimulation or overexpression of EphA2. Knockdown of Filamin A inhibited EGF-induced S897 phosphorylation of EphA2, whereas it had little effect on ephrinA1-induced Y588 phosphorylation of EphA2. Furthermore, Filamin A expression affected the subcellular localization of EphA2. This study suggests that Filamin A selectively promotes EphA2 S897 phosphorylation and plays an important role in glioblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Tamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi Nakauchi-cho 5, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamizo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuzo Watanabe
- Proteomics Facility, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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6
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Zhou J, Wu L, Xu P, Li Y, Ji Z, Kang X. Filamin A Is a Potential Driver of Breast Cancer Metastasis via Regulation of MMP-1. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836126. [PMID: 35359350 PMCID: PMC8962737 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent metastasis is a major fatal cause of breast cancer. Regretfully, the driving force and the molecular beneath have not been fully illustrated yet. In this study, a cohort of breast cancer patients with locoregional metastasis was recruited. For them, we collected the matched samples of the primary tumor and metastatic tumor, and then we determined the mutation profiles with whole-exome sequencing (WES). On basis of the profiles, we identified a list of deleterious variants in eight susceptible genes. Of them, filamin A (FLNA) was considered a potential driver gene of metastasis, and its low expression could enhance 5 years’ relapse survival rate by 15%. To prove the finding, we constructed a stable FLNA knockout tumor cell line, which manifested that the cell abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly weakened in response to the gene knockout. Subsequently, xenograft mouse experiments further proved that FLNA knockout could inhibit local or distal metastasis. Putting all the results together, we consolidated that FLNA could be a potential driver gene to metastasis of breast cancer, in particular triple-negative breast cancer. Additional experiments also suggested that FLNA might intervene in metastasis via the regulation of MMP-1 expression. In summary, this study demonstrates that FLNA may play as a positive regulator in cancer proliferation and recurrence. It provides new insight into breast cancer metastasis and suggests a potential new therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lvying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengyan Xu
- Department of Surgical Research, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmei Kang, ; Zhiliang Ji,
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmei Kang, ; Zhiliang Ji,
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7
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Chung S, Le TP, Vishwakarma V, Cheng YL, Andrew DJ. Isoform-specific roles of the Drosophila filamin-type protein Jitterbug (Jbug) during development. Genetics 2021; 219:iyab100. [PMID: 34173831 PMCID: PMC8860385 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamins are highly conserved actin-crosslinking proteins that regulate organization of the actin cytoskeleton. As key components of versatile signaling scaffolds, filamins are implicated in developmental anomalies and cancer. Multiple isoforms of filamins exist, raising the possibility of distinct functions for each isoform during development and in disease. Here, we provide an initial characterization of jitterbug (jbug), which encodes one of the two filamin-type proteins in Drosophila. We generate Jbug antiserum that recognizes all of the spliced forms and reveals differential expression of different Jbug isoforms during development, and a significant maternal contribution of Jbug protein. To reveal the function of Jbug isoforms, we create new genetic tools, including a null allele that deletes all isoforms, hypomorphic alleles that affect only a subset, and UAS lines for Gal4-driven expression of the major isoforms. Using these tools, we demonstrate that Jbug is required for viability and that specific isoforms are required in the formation of actin-rich protrusions including thoracic bristles in adults and ventral denticles in the embryo. We also show that specific isoforms of Jbug show differential localization within epithelia and that maternal and zygotic loss of jbug disrupts Crumbs (Crb) localization in several epithelial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeYeon Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Thao Phuong Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Vishakha Vishwakarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yim Ling Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deborah J Andrew
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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8
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Chen L, Luo S, Dupre A, Vasoya RP, Parthasarathy A, Aita R, Malhotra R, Hur J, Toke NH, Chiles E, Yang M, Cao W, Flores J, Ellison CE, Gao N, Sahota A, Su X, Bonder EM, Verzi MP. The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2886. [PMID: 34001900 PMCID: PMC8129143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood. Here, we identify that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) transcription factor is a conserved and important regulator of brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac. Compromised brush border gene signatures and impaired transport were observed in these tissues upon HNF4 loss. By ChIP-seq, we find HNF4 binds and activates brush border genes in the intestine and kidney. H3K4me3 HiChIP-seq identifies that HNF4 loss results in impaired chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters at gene loci of brush border genes, and instead enhanced chromatin looping at gene loci of stress fiber genes in the intestine. This study provides comprehensive transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and a functional demonstration of a critical role for HNF4 in brush border gene regulation across multiple murine epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Shirley Luo
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Abigail Dupre
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Roshan P Vasoya
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Aditya Parthasarathy
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rohit Aita
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Raj Malhotra
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph Hur
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Natalie H Toke
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Chiles
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Weihuan Cao
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher E Ellison
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Amrik Sahota
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Zhou J, Kang X, An H, Lv Y, Liu X. The function and pathogenic mechanism of filamin A. Gene 2021; 784:145575. [PMID: 33737122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A(FLNa) is an actin-binding protein, which participates in the formation of the cytoskeleton, anchors a variety of proteins in the cytoskeleton and regulates cell adhesion and migration. It is involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, pseudopodia formation, vesicle transport, tumor resistance and genetic diseases by binding with interacting proteins. In order to fully elucidate the structure, function and pathogenesis of FLNa, we summarized all substances which directly or indirectly act on FLNa so far, upstream and downstream targets which having effect on it, signaling pathways and their functions. It also recorded the expression and effect of FLNa in different diseases, including hereditary disease and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Hanxiang An
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
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10
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The androgen receptor/filamin A complex as a target in prostate cancer microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:127. [PMID: 33500395 PMCID: PMC7838283 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents the major cause of cancer-related death in men and patients frequently develop drug-resistance and metastatic disease. Most studies focus on hormone-resistance mechanisms related to androgen receptor mutations or to the acquired property of prostate cancer cells to over-activate signaling pathways. Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression. However, the mechanism involving androgen/androgen receptor signaling in cancer associated fibroblasts and consequences for prostate cancer progression still remains elusive. We now report that prostate cancer associated fibroblasts express a transcriptional-incompetent androgen receptor. Upon androgen challenging, the receptor co-localizes with the scaffold protein filamin A in the extra-nuclear compartment of fibroblasts, thus mediating their migration and invasiveness. Cancer-associated fibroblasts move towards epithelial prostate cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures, thereby inducing an increase of the prostate cancer organoid size. Androgen enhances both these effects through androgen receptor/filamin A complex assembly in cancer-associated fibroblasts. An androgen receptor-derived stapled peptide, which disrupts the androgen receptor/filamin A complex assembly, abolishes the androgen-dependent migration and invasiveness of cancer associated fibroblasts. Notably, the peptide impairs the androgen-induced invasiveness of CAFs in 2D models and reduces the overall tumor area in androgen-treated 3D co-culture. The androgen receptor in association with β1 integrin and membrane type-matrix metalloproteinase 1 activates a protease cascade triggering extracellular matrix remodeling. The peptide also impairs the androgen activation of this cascade. This study offers a potential new marker, the androgen receptor/filamin A complex, and a new therapeutic approach targeting intracellular pathways activated by the androgen/androgen receptor axis in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts. Such a strategy, alone or in combination with conventional therapies, may allow a more efficient treatment of prostate cancer.
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The Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: Effect of Structure, Ligands and Spliced Variants on Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100422. [PMID: 33076388 PMCID: PMC7602609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a predominant role in prostate cancer (PCa) pathology. It consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD), a hinge region (HR), and a ligand-binding domain (LBD) that binds androgens, including testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Ligand binding at the LBD promotes AR dimerization and translocation to the nucleus where the DBD binds target DNA. In PCa, AR signaling is perturbed by excessive androgen synthesis, AR amplification, mutation, or the formation of AR alternatively spliced variants (AR-V) that lack the LBD. Current therapies for advanced PCa include androgen synthesis inhibitors that suppress T and/or DHT synthesis, and AR inhibitors that prevent ligand binding at the LBD. However, AR mutations and AR-Vs render LBD-specific therapeutics ineffective. The DBD and NTD are novel targets for inhibition as both perform necessary roles in AR transcriptional activity and are less susceptible to AR alternative splicing compared to the LBD. DBD and NTD inhibition can potentially extend patient survival, improve quality of life, and overcome predominant mechanisms of resistance to current therapies. This review discusses various small molecule and other inhibitors developed against the DBD and NTD—and the current state of the available compounds in clinical development.
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12
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Foschini MP, Morandi L, Sanchez AM, Santoro A, Mulè A, Zannoni GF, Varga Z, Moskovszky L, Cucchi MC, Moelans CB, Giove G, van Diest PJ, Masetti R. Methylation Profile of X-Chromosome-Related Genes in Male Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:784. [PMID: 32626651 PMCID: PMC7313421 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) has been described to play a prominent role in male breast cancer (MBC). It maps on chromosome X, and recent reports indicate that X-chromosome polysomy is frequent in MBC. Since the response to anti-androgen therapy may depend on AR polysomy and on its overexpression similarly to prostate cancer, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation level of AR and its coregulators, especially those mapped on the X-chromosome, that may influence the activity of AR in MBC. Methods: The DNA methylation level of AR, MAGEA2, MAGEA11, MAGEC1, MAGEC2, FLNA, HDAC6, and UXT, mapped on the X-chromosome, was evaluated by quantitative bisulfite-NGS. Bioinformatic analysis was performed in a Galaxy Project environment using BWA-METH, MethylDackel, and Methylation Plotter tools. The study population consisted of MBC (41 cases) compared with gynecomastia (17 cases). Results:MAGEA family members, especially MAGEA2, MAGEA11, MAGEC, and UXT and HDAC6 showed hypomethylation of several CpGs, reaching statistical significance by the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.01) in MBC when compared to gynecomastia. AR showed almost no methylation at all. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that MAGEA family members mapped on the X-chromosome and coregulators of AR are hypomethylated in MBC. This may lead to their overexpression, enhancing AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Foschini
- Anatomic Pathology Section "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro M Sanchez
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- Pathology Unit, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Pathology Unit, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Pathology Unit, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Moskovszky
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Cucchi
- Unit of Breast Surgery, Department of Oncology, Bellaria Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Giove
- Anatomic Pathology Section "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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13
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Li XC, Huang CX, Wu SK, Yu L, Zhou GJ, Chen LJ. Biological roles of filamin a in prostate cancer cells. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:916-924. [PMID: 31268639 PMCID: PMC6844337 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of filamin A with the function and morphology of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and explore the role of filamin A in the development of PCa, in order to analyze its significance in the evolvement of PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A stably transfected cell line, in which filamin A expression was suppressed by RNA interference, was first established. Then, the effects of the suppression of filamin A gene expression on the biological characteristics of human PCa LNCaP cells were observed through cell morphology, in vitro cell growth curve, soft agar cloning assay, and scratch test. RESULTS A cell line model with a low expression of filamin A was successfully constructed on the basis of LNCaP cells. The morphology of cells transfected with plasmid pSilencer-filamin A was the following: Cells were loosely arranged, had less connection with each other, had fewer tentacles, and presented a fibrous look. The growth rate of LNCap cells was faster than cells transfected with plasmid pSilencer-filamin A (P<0.05). The clones of LNCap cells in the soft agar cloning assay was significantly fewer than that of cells stably transfected with plasmid pSilencer-filamin A (P<0.05). Cells stably transfected with plasmid pSilencer-filamin A presented with a stronger healing and migration ability compared to LNCap cells (healing rate was 32.2% and 12.1%, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of the filamin A gene inhibited the malignant development of LNCap cells. Therefore, the filamin A gene may be a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Chao Li
- Department of Urologythe Fifth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Urology, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;
| | - Chuan-Xi Huang
- College of Life ScienceHebei UniversityHebeiChinaCollege of Life Science, Hebei University, Hebei, China;
| | - Shi-Kui Wu
- Department of Urologythe Fifth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Urology, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;
| | - Lan Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijingChinaLaboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jian Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijingChinaLaboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Department of Urologythe Fifth Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChinaDepartment of Urology, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;
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14
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Ji M, Li W, He G, Zhu D, Lv S, Tang W, Jian M, Zheng P, Yang L, Qi Z, Mao Y, Ren L, Zhong Y, Tu Y, Wei Y, Xu J. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 promotes EMT in colorectal cancer by filamin A mediated focal adhesion pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:5557-5566. [PMID: 31632499 PMCID: PMC6775688 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main reason for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, and identifying molecules involved in liver metastases of colorectal cancer may provide effective therapeutic targets. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1(AZGP1) is a candidate biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. However, its function and molecular mechanism in metastatic colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. We previously found that up-regulated AZGP1 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cell line, here we elucidated the mechanism of AZGP1 in regulating metastasis. In this article, we found that AZGP1 was also highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues with liver metastasis relative to those without metastasis, and abundant expression of AZGP1 was associated with poor prognosis, also, AZGP1 down regulation prevented cell metastasis in vivo and in vitro. We further demonstrated that AZGP1 promotes metastasis by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associating with molecules involved in the focal adhesion pathway, including the adhesion molecule FLNA, which acts as an important protein interactor. More importantly, AZGP1 down regulation inhibited the phosphorylation of FLNA mediated by the restrain of PAK2 kinase, thereby inducing its proteolysis and subsequently affecting its subcellular localization, where it regulates the EMT and promotes metastasis. Collectively, these results highlight AZGP1 as a new and promising therapeutic molecule for liver metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixu Lv
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Departmentof Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihao Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshi Zhong
- Departmentof Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjiu Tu
- Surgical Department, Hospital 174 of PLA, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang K, Zhu TN, Zhao RJ. Filamin A regulates EGFR/ERK/Akt signaling and affects colorectal cancer cell growth and migration. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3671-3678. [PMID: 31485594 PMCID: PMC6755168 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis and recurrence rate, and the overall prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unsatisfactory. Filamin A (FLNa), as an actin-binding protein, can interact with various signaling molecules and membrane receptors to affect cell signal transduction and function. However, whether FLNa is involved in the progression of CRC remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of FLNa in CRC cell proliferation and migration, as well as in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Following transfection with a FLNa-targeting short hairpin RNA plasmid to knockdown expression of FLNa in the EGF-treated SW480 cell line, it was found that decreased expression of FLNa promoted cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between FLNa levels and the activation of EGFR and Akt signaling pathways. Similarly, the expression of FLNa was significantly lower in human CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and FLNa expression was negatively correlated with the expression of Ki-67 in human CRC tissues. Although there was no significant difference in the Kaplan-Meier estimate of CRC between high expression and low expression of FLNa, there were significant negative associations between FLNa expression and TNM stage. The results suggested that FLNa may participate in EGF-induced cell proliferation and migration in CRC cells. Hence, interventions in the FLNa-mediated signaling pathway could provide attractive therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Transfusion, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Nian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Jing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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16
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cAMP/PKA-induced filamin A (FLNA) phosphorylation inhibits SST2 signal transduction in GH-secreting pituitary tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 435:101-109. [PMID: 30098401 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intracellular response to somatostatin analogs (SSA) in pituitary tumors requires filamin A (FLNA). Since cAMP pathway plays an important role in GH-secreting pituitary tumors pathogenesis and FLNA is phosphorylated by PKA on S2152, aim of this study was to investigate in tumoral somatotrophs the impact of cAMP pathway activation and SSA stimulation on FLNA phosphorylation and the consequences on SST2 function. We found a PKA-mediated increase (2-fold) and SST2 agonist-induced decrease (-50%) of FLNA phosphorylation in GH3, GH4C1 and primary somatotroph tumor cells. This modification regulates FLNA function. Indeed, phosphomimetic S2152D FLNA mutant, but not phosphodeficient S2152A, abolished the known SSA antitumoral effects, namely: 1) inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction of cyclin D3 and increase of p27; 2) increase of cell apoptosis; 3) inhibition of cell migration via RhoA activation and cofilin phosphorylation. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays showed that S2152A FLNA was recruited to activated SST2, whereas S2152D FLNA constitutively bound SST2 on the plasma membrane, but prevented Gαi proteins recruitment to SST2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FLNA phosphorylation, promoted by cAMP pathway activation and inhibited by SSA, prevented SST2 signaling in GH-secreting tumoral pituitary cells.
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17
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Signaling regulation and role of filamin A cleavage in Ca2+-stimulated migration of androgen receptor-deficient prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3840-3853. [PMID: 27206800 PMCID: PMC5354799 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+, a ubiquitous cellular signal, and filamin A, an actin-binding protein, play an important role in the regulation of cell adhesion, shape and motility. Using transwell filters to analyze cell migration, we found that extracellular Ca2+ (Cao2+) promotes the migration of androgen receptor (AR)-deficient and highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) compared to AR-positive and relatively less metastatic prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). Furthermore, we found that expression of filamin A is up-regulated in DU145 and PC-3 cells, and that Cao2+ significantly induces the cleavage of filamin A. Silencing expression of Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) and p115RhoGEF, and treating with leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, and ALLM, a calpain specific inhibitor, we further demonstrate that Cao2+-induced filamin A cleavage occurs via a CaR- p115RhoGEF-calpain dependent pathway. Our data show that Cao2+ via CaR- mediated signaling induces filamin A cleavage and promotes the migration in AR-deficient and highly metastatic prostate cancer cells.
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhu T, Liu J, Liu J, Gao D, Su T, Zhao R. FLNa negatively regulated proliferation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via suppression of EGFR. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:164-170. [PMID: 29272322 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNa) is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein, which composes of an N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD) followed by 24 Ig-like repeats. FLNa functions as a cytoskeletal protein that links transmembrane receptors, including integrins, to F-actin and serves as a signaling intermediate. Recent studies have identified FLNa as a scaffold protein that interacts with over 90 proteins and plays vital roles in cellular signaling transduction. Mutations or defects in human FLNa gene have been shown to cause numerous developmental defects. Moreover, aberrant expression of FLNa has been observed in many cancers, such as parathyroid tumor, cervical cancer, and breast cancer. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma has seldom been discussed. In the present study, our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that silencing FLNa expression in lung cancer cell line A549 cells promoted proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of A549 cells by enhancing the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and ERK signaling pathway. These results shed light on novel functions of FLNa in lung cancer and uncovered novel mechanisms, these results provided possible targets for the prediction and treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Tienian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Jingpu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Jiankun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Tongyi Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050082, China
| | - Ruijing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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19
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Reichert M. Proteome analysis of sheep B lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1363-1375. [PMID: 28436273 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217705864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented are the results of a study of the expression pattern of different proteins in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in experimental sheep and I discuss how the obtained data may be useful in gaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnosis, and for the selection of possible therapeutic targets. In cattle, the disease is characterized by life-long persistent lymphocytosis leading to leukemia/lymphoma in about 5% of infected animals. In sheep, as opposed to cattle, the course of the disease is always fatal and clinical symptoms usually occur within a three-year period after infection. For this reason, sheep are an excellent experimental model of retrovirus-induced leukemia. This model can be useful for human pathology, as bovine leukemia virus is closely related to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The data presented here provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the bovine leukemia virus-induced tumorigenic process and indicate the potential marker proteins both for monitoring progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. A study of the proteome of B lymphocytes from four leukemic sheep revealed 11 proteins with altered expression. Among them, cytoskeleton and intermediate filament proteins were the most abundant, although proteins belonging to the other functional groups, i.e. enzymes, regulatory proteins, and transcription factors, were also present. It was found that trypsin inhibitor, platelet factor 4, thrombospondin 1, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, fibrinogen alpha chain, zyxin, filamin-A, and vitamin D-binding protein were downregulated, whereas cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha were upregulated. Discussed are the possible mechanisms of their altered expression and its significance in the bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenic process. Impact statement The submitted manuscript provides new data on the molecular mechanisms of BLV-induced tumorigenic process indicating the potential marker proteins both for monitoring the progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. This is to my knowledge the first study of the proteome of the transformed lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in susceptible animals. BLV can be considered as useful model for related human pathogen - HTLV-1, another member of the deltaretrovirus genus evolutionary closely related to BLV. Information gathered in this study can be useful to speculate on possible shared mechanisms of deltaretrovirus-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Reichert
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy 24-100, Poland
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20
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Castoria G, Auricchio F, Migliaccio A. Extranuclear partners of androgen receptor: at the crossroads of proliferation, migration, and neuritogenesis. FASEB J 2016; 31:1289-1300. [PMID: 28031322 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601047r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the role played by the protein partners of ligand-activated extranuclear androgen receptor (AR) in the final effects of hormone action, such as proliferation, migration, and neuritogenesis. The choice of AR partner, at least in part, depends on cell type. Androgen-activated receptor directly associates with cytoplasmic Src tyrosine kinase in epithelial cells, whereas in mesenchymal and neuronal cells, it prevalently interacts with filamin A. In the former, proliferation represents the final hormonal outcome, whereas in the latter, either migration or neuritogenesis, respectively, occurs. Furthermore, AR partner filamin A is replaced with Src when mesenchymal cells are stimulated with very low androgen concentrations. Consequently, the migratory effect is replaced by mitogenesis. Use of peptides that prevent receptor/partner assembly abolishes the effects that are dependent on their association and offers new therapeutic approaches to AR-related diseases. Perturbation of migration is often associated with metastatic spreading in cancer. In turn, cell cycle aberration causes tumors to grow faster, whereas toxic signaling triggers neurodegenerative events in the CNS. Here, we provide examples of new tools that interfere in rapid androgen effects, including migration, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation, together with their potential therapeutic applications in AR-dependent diseases-mainly prostate cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.-Castoria, G., Auricchio, F., Migliaccio, A. Extranuclear partners of androgen receptor: at the crossroads of proliferation, migration, and neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
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21
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Lee G, Schwarz TL. Filamin, a synaptic organizer in Drosophila, determines glutamate receptor composition and membrane growth. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27914199 PMCID: PMC5173320 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin is a scaffolding protein that functions in many cells as an actin-crosslinker. FLN90, an isoform of the Drosophila ortholog Filamin/cheerio that lacks the actin-binding domain, is here shown to govern the growth of postsynaptic membrane folds and the composition of glutamate receptor clusters at the larval neuromuscular junction. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that FLN90 is present surrounding synaptic boutons. FLN90 is required in the muscle for localization of the kinase dPak and, downstream of dPak, for localization of the GTPase Ral and the exocyst complex to this region. Consequently, Filamin is needed for growth of the subsynaptic reticulum. In addition, in the absence of filamin, type-A glutamate receptor subunits are lacking at the postsynapse, while type-B subunits cluster correctly. Receptor composition is dependent on dPak, but independent of the Ral pathway. Thus two major aspects of synapse formation, morphological plasticity and subtype-specific receptor clustering, require postsynaptic Filamin. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19991.001
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Affiliation(s)
- GaYoung Lee
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas L Schwarz
- The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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22
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Wu X, Deng F, Li Y, Daniels G, Du X, Ren Q, Wang J, Wang LH, Yang Y, Zhang V, Zhang D, Ye F, Melamed J, Monaco ME, Lee P. ACSL4 promotes prostate cancer growth, invasion and hormonal resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44849-63. [PMID: 26636648 PMCID: PMC4792596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in fatty acid metabolism have been demonstrated to promote the growth and survival of a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we examine the expression and function of the fatty acid activating enzyme, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), in PCa. Ectopic expression of ACSL4 in ACSL4-negative PCa cells increases proliferation, migration and invasion, while ablation of ACSL4 in PCa cells expressing endogenous ACSL4 reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The cell proliferative effects were observed both in vitro, as well as in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of human PCa tissue samples indicated ACSL4 expression is increased in malignant cells compared with adjacent benign epithelial cells, and particularly increased in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) when compared with hormone naive PCa. In cell lines co-expressing both ACSL4 and AR, proliferation was independent of exogenous androgens, suggesting that ACSL4 expression may lead to CRPC. In support for this hypothesis, ectopic ACSL4 expression induced resistance to treatment with Casodex, via decrease in apoptosis. Our studies further indicate that ACSL4 upregulates distinct pathway proteins including p-AKT, LSD1 and β-catenin. These results suggest ACSL4 could serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Du
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qinghu Ren
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Hang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerio Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Ghosh PM. WOMEN IN CANCER PROFILE: From physics to cancer biology and everywhere in between. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:P15-P21. [PMID: 27605444 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita M Ghosh
- Research ServiceVA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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24
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Li L, Lu Y, Stemmer PM, Chen F. Filamin A phosphorylation by Akt promotes cell migration in response to arsenic. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12009-19. [PMID: 25944616 PMCID: PMC4494919 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously reported that trivalent arsenic (As3+), a well-known environmental carcinogen, induces phosphorylation of several putative Akt substrates. In the present report, we characterized one of these substrates by immunoprecipitation and proteomics analysis. The results indicate that a cytoskeleton remodeling protein, filamin A, with a molecular weight around 280 kDa, is phosphorylated by Akt in HEK-293 cells treated with As3+, which was also confirmed in human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B cells. Additional biochemical and biological studies revealed that serine 2152 (S2152) of filamin A is phosphorylated by activated Akt in the cells treated with As3+. To further confirm the importance of Akt-dependent filamin A S2152 phosphorylation in As3+-induced cell migration, we over-expressed either wild type filamin A or the mutated filamin A in which the S2152 was substituted with alanine (S2152A). The capability of cell migration was reduced significantly in the cells expressing the mutated filamin A (S2152A). Clinically, we found that increased expression of filamin A predicts poorer overall survival of the lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma. Thus, these data suggest that Akt dependent filamin A phosphorylation is one of the key events in mediating As3+-induced carcinogenesis. Antagonizing Akt signaling can ameliorate As3+-induced filamin A phosphorylation and cell migration, which may serve as a molecular targeting strategy for malignancies associated with environmental As3+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yongju Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,The Proteomics Core and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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25
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Shao QQ, Zhang TP, Zhao WJ, Liu ZW, You L, Zhou L, Guo JC, Zhao YP. Filamin A: Insights into its Exact Role in Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:245-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Wang T, Guo S, Liu Z, Wu L, Li M, Yang J, Chen R, Liu X, Xu H, Cai S, Chen H, Li W, Xu S, Wang L, Hu Z, Zhuang Q, Wang L, Wu K, Liu J, Ye Z, Ji JY, Wang C, Chen K. CAMK2N1 inhibits prostate cancer progression through androgen receptor-dependent signaling. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10293-306. [PMID: 25296973 PMCID: PMC4279373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration resistance is a major obstacle to hormonal therapy for prostate cancer patients. Although androgen independence of prostate cancer growth is a known contributing factor to endocrine resistance, the mechanism of androgen receptor deregulation in endocrine resistance is still poorly understood. Herein, the CAMK2N1 was shown to contribute to the human prostate cancer cell growth and survival through AR-dependent signaling. Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 was correlated to recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer patients with high levels of AR expression in their tumor. CAMK2N1 and AR signaling form an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop: CAMK2N1 expression was down-regulated by AR activation; while CAMK2N1 inhibited AR expression and transactivation through CAMKII and AKT pathways. Knockdown of CAMK2N1 in prostate cancer cells alleviated Casodex inhibition of cell growth, while re-expression of CAMK2N1 in castration-resistant cells sensitized the cells to Casodex treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAMK2N1 plays a tumor suppressive role and serves as a crucial determinant of the resistance of prostate cancer to endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuiming Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoxin Cai
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Matenity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianyuan Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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27
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Lichner Z, Ding Q, Samaan S, Saleh C, Nasser A, Al-Haddad S, Samuel JN, Fleshner NE, Stephan C, Jung K, Yousef GM. miRNAs dysregulated in association with Gleason grade regulate extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and androgen receptor pathways. J Pathol 2015; 237:226-37. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Sara Samaan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Carol Saleh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Aurfan Nasser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; M5G 1L5 Canada
| | - Sahar Al-Haddad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; M5G 1L5 Canada
| | - Joseph N Samuel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery; University Health Network; Toronto Canada
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Charité; D-10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Charité; D-10117 Berlin Germany
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute; St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; M5G 1L5 Canada
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28
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Savoy RM, Chen L, Siddiqui S, Melgoza FU, Durbin-Johnson B, Drake C, Jathal MK, Bose S, Steele TM, Mooso BA, D'Abronzo LS, Fry WH, Carraway KL, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Transcription of Nrdp1 by the androgen receptor is regulated by nuclear filamin A in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:369-86. [PMID: 25759396 PMCID: PMC4433410 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR); however, patients undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for disseminated PCa eventually develop castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Results of previous studies indicated that AR, a transcription factor, occupies distinct genomic loci in CRPC compared with hormone-naïve PCa; however, the cause of this distinction was unknown. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1 is a model AR target modulated by androgens in hormone-naïve PCa but not in CRPC. Using Nrdp1, we investigated how AR switches transcription programs during CRPC progression. The proximal Nrdp1 promoter contains an androgen response element (ARE); we demonstrated AR binding to this ARE in androgen-sensitive PCa. Analysis of hormone-naive human prostatectomy specimens revealed correlation between Nrdp1 and AR expression, supporting AR regulation of NRDP1 levels in androgen-sensitive tissue. However, despite sustained AR levels, AR binding to the Nrdp1 promoter and Nrdp1 expression were suppressed in CRPC. Elucidation of the suppression mechanism demonstrated correlation of NRDP1 levels with nuclear localization of the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) which, as we previously showed, is itself repressed following ADT in many CRPC tumors. Restoration of nuclear FLNA in CRPC stimulated AR binding to Nrdp1 ARE, increased its transcription, and augmented NRDP1 protein expression and responsiveness to ADT, indicating that nuclear FLNA controls AR-mediated androgen-sensitive Nrdp1 transcription. Expression of other AR-regulated genes lost in CRPC was also re-established by nuclear FLNA. Thus, our results indicate that nuclear FLNA promotes androgen-dependent AR-regulated transcription in PCa, while loss of nuclear FLNA in CRPC alters the AR-regulated transcription program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda M Savoy
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Liqun Chen
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Frank U Melgoza
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christiana Drake
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maitreyee K Jathal
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Swagata Bose
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Steele
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A Mooso
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - William H Fry
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA VA Northern California Health Care SystemMather, California, USADepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USADivision of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of StatisticsUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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29
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR), ligand-induced transcription factor, is expressed in primary prostate cancer and in metastases. AR regulates multiple cellular events, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and differentiation. Its expression in prostate cancer cells is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones. AR downregulation by various compounds which are contained in fruits and vegetables is considered a chemopreventive strategy for prostate cancer. There is a bidirectional interaction between the AR and micro-RNA (miRNA) in prostate cancer; androgens may upregulate or downregulate the selected miRNA, whereas the AR itself is a target of miRNA. AR mutations have been discovered in prostate cancer, and their incidence may increase with tumor progression. AR mutations and increased expression of selected coactivators contribute to the acquisition of agonistic properties of anti-androgens. Expression of some of the coactivators is enhanced during androgen ablation. AR activity is regulated by peptides such as cytokines or growth factors which reduce the concentration of androgen required for maximal stimulation of the receptor. In prostate cancer, variant ARs which exhibit constitutive activity were detected. Novel therapies which interfere with intracrine synthesis of androgens or inhibit nuclear translocation of the AR have been introduced in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
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30
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and its network of associated proteins constitute a physical barrier that viruses must circumvent to gain entry into cells for productive infection. The mechanisms by which the physical signals of infection are sensed by the host to activate an innate immune response are not well understood. The antiviral endoribonuclease RNase L is ubiquitously expressed in a latent form and activated upon binding 2-5A, a unique oligoadenylate produced during viral infections. We provide evidence that RNase L in its inactive form interacts with the actin-binding protein Filamin A to modulate the actin cytoskeleton and inhibit virus entry. Cells lacking either RNase L or Filamin A displayed increased virus entry which was exacerbated in cells lacking both proteins. RNase L deletion mutants that reduced Filamin A interaction displayed a compromised ability to restrict virus entry, supporting the idea of an important role for the RNase L-Filamin A complex in barrier function. Remarkably, both the wild type and a catalytically inactive RNase L mutant were competent to reduce virus entry when transfected into RNase L-deficient cells, indicating that this novel function of RNase L is independent of its enzymatic activity. Virus infection and RNase L activation disrupt its association with Filamin A and release RNase L to mediate its canonical nuclease-dependent antiviral activities. The dual functions of RNase L as a constitutive component of the actin cytoskeleton and as an induced mediator of antiviral signaling and effector functions provide insights into its mechanisms of antiviral activity and opportunities for the development of novel antiviral agents. Cells constantly face and sample pathogens on their outer surface. The actin cytoskeleton and interacting proteins associate with the cell membrane and constitute a barrier to infection. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton allows viruses to enter the cell and induces innate immune responses to clear infections. The molecular mechanisms that link virus-induced physical perturbations to host defense pathways remain unclear. Our studies identified a novel interaction between the antiviral endoribonuclease RNase L and the actin-binding protein Filamin A that enhances host defense by preventing viral entry into naive cells. This role for RNase L is independent of its enzymatic function. Virus infection alters actin dynamics, disrupts the RNase L-Filamin A complex, and releases RNase L to mediate antiviral signaling and effector functions via its established nucleolytic activities. These dual roles for RNase L provide an efficient strategy to protect cells from infection and rapidly respond upon pathogen exposure.
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31
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Abstract
Key Points
Akt/FLNA/TIF-90 signaling regulates rRNA synthesis in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Direct targeting of Akt has potential therapeutic applications in acute myelogenous leukemia treatment.
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Zhang K, Zhu T, Gao D, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Liu S, Su T, Bernier M, Zhao R. Filamin A expression correlates with proliferation and invasive properties of human metastatic melanoma tumors: implications for survival in patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1913-26. [PMID: 24908328 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Filamin A (FLNa) cross-links actin filaments into dynamic orthogonal networks and interacts with binding proteins of diverse cellular functions that are implicated in cell growth and motility regulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that FLNa plays a role in cancer proliferation and metastasis via the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) function. METHODS Ectopic expression and knockdown of FLNa in human melanoma cell lines was performed to investigate changes in cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in a xenograft model in the mouse. The role of FLNa in EGFR expression and signaling was evaluated by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed on histological sections of human melanoma tumors to determine whether an association existed between FLNa and overall survival. RESULTS The depletion of FLNa significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of two melanoma cell lines in vitro and was associated with smaller tumors in a xenograft model in vivo. EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK cascade was negatively affected by the silencing of FLNa both in vitro and in vivo. Cancer patients with low melanoma tumor FLNa expression have improved survival benefit. CONCLUSION These data indicate that enhanced tumorigenesis occurs through increase in EGF-induced EGFR activation in FLNa-expressing melanoma cells and that high FLNa levels are predictors of negative outcome for patients with melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
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Hypoxia-induced and calpain-dependent cleavage of filamin A regulates the hypoxic response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2560-5. [PMID: 24550283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320815111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and -2α). We have discovered that filamin A (FLNA), a large cytoskeletal actin-binding protein, physically interacts with HIF-1α and promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. Hypoxia induces a calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA to generate a naturally occurring C-terminal fragment that accumulates in the cell nucleus. This fragment interacts with the N-terminal portion of HIF-1α spanning amino acid residues 1-390 but not with HIF-2α. In hypoxia this fragment facilitates the nuclear localization of HIF-1α, is recruited to HIF-1α target gene promoters, and enhances HIF-1α function, resulting in up-regulation of HIF-1α target gene expression in a hypoxia-dependent fashion. These results unravel an important mechanism that selectively regulates the nuclear accumulation and function of HIF-1α and potentiates angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Wang Y, Yu Q, He X, Romigh T, Altemus J, Eng C. Activation of AR sensitizes breast carcinomas to NVP-BEZ235's therapeutic effect mediated by PTEN and KLLN upregulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:517-27. [PMID: 24356815 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NVP-BEZ235 is a newly developed dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, being tested in multiple clinical trials, including breast cancer. NVP-BEZ235 selectively induces cell growth inhibition in a subset, but not all, breast cancer cell lines. However, it remains a challenge to distinguish between sensitive and resistant tumors, particularly in the pretreatment setting. Here, we used ten breast cancer cell lines to compare NVP-BEZ235 sensitivity and in the context of androgen receptor (AR) activation during NVP-BEZ235 treatment. We also used female SCID mice bearing breast tumor xenografts to investigate the beneficial effect of dihydrotestosterone/NVP-BEZ235 combination treatment compared with each alone. We found that AR-positive breast cancer cell lines are much more sensitive to NVP-BEZ235 compared with AR-negative cells, regardless of PTEN or PI3KCA status. Reintroducing AR expression in NVP-BEZ235 nonresponsive AR-negative cells restored the response. DHT/NVP-BEZ235 combination not only resulted in a more significant growth inhibition than either drug alone, but also achieved tumor regression and complete responses for AR(+)/ER(+) tumors. This beneficial effect was mediated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PTEN and KLLN expression. Furthermore, DHT could also reverse NVP-BEZ235-induced side effects such as skin rash and weight loss. Our data suggest that AR expression may be an independent predictive biomarker for response to NVP-BEZ235. AR induction could add benefit during NVP-BEZ235 treatment in patients, especially with AR(+)/ER(+) breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Corresponding Author: Charis Eng, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, OH 44195.
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35
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Savoy RM, Ghosh PM. The dual role of filamin A in cancer: can't live with (too much of) it, can't live without it. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:R341-56. [PMID: 24108109 PMCID: PMC4376317 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A (FlnA) has been associated with actin as cytoskeleton regulator. Recently its role in the cell has come under scrutiny for FlnA's involvement in cancer development. FlnA was originally revealed as a cancer-promoting protein, involved in invasion and metastasis. However, recent studies have also found that under certain conditions, it prevented tumor formation or progression, confusing the precise function of FlnA in cancer development. Here, we try to decipher the role of FlnA in cancer and the implications for its dual role. We propose that differences in subcellular localization of FlnA dictate its role in cancer development. In the cytoplasm, FlnA functions in various growth signaling pathways, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, in addition to being involved in cell migration and adhesion pathways, such as R-Ras and integrin signaling. Involvement in these pathways and various others has shown a correlation between high cytoplasmic FlnA levels and invasive cancers. However, an active cleaved form of FlnA can localize to the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm and its interaction with transcription factors has been linked to a decrease in invasiveness of cancers. Therefore, overexpression of FlnA has a tumor-promoting effect, only when it is localized to the cytoplasm, whereas if FlnA undergoes proteolysis and the resulting C-terminal fragment localizes to the nucleus, it acts to suppress tumor growth and inhibit metastasis. Development of drugs to target FlnA and cause cleavage and subsequent localization to the nucleus could be a new and potent field of research in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda M Savoy
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817, USA VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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Liu T, Mendes DE, Berkman CE. Prolonged androgen deprivation leads to overexpression of calpain 2: implications for prostate cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:467-72. [PMID: 24297527 PMCID: PMC3898865 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of prostate cancer progression from androgen dependence to independence may lead to developing more effective treatments against prostate cancer. Herein, our previous in vitro model was employed to assess the effects of continuous androgen-deprivation on developing the metastatic phenotype from androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). The results indicated that long-term androgen deprivation resulted in overexpression of calpain 2 and increased expression of filamin A (FlnA), but not for calpain 1. The enhanced activity of calpain 2 was confirmed by the accumulation of cleaved FlnA fragments, which could be effectively blocked by calpeptin (an inhibitor of calpain 2). Therefore, the combination of calpain 2 inhibitor and androgen deprivation may provide new therapeutic strategy for patients to prevent or postpone prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Desiree E Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Hwang S, Mahadevan S, Qadir F, Hutchison IL, Costea DE, Neppelberg E, Liavaag PG, Waseem A, Teh MT. Identification of FOXM1-induced epigenetic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer 2013; 119:4249-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Hwang
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences; Institute of Dentistry; Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; England United Kingdom
| | - Swarna Mahadevan
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences; Institute of Dentistry; Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; England United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Qadir
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences; Institute of Dentistry; Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; England United Kingdom
| | - Iain L. Hutchison
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; Barts & The London NHS Trust; London England United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory of Pathology; Department of Clinical Medicine; University of Bergen; and Department of Pathology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Evelyn Neppelberg
- Department of Oral Surgery; Haukeland University Hospital; and Institute of Clinical Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Per Gunnar Liavaag
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery; Head and Neck Clinic; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Ahmad Waseem
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences; Institute of Dentistry; Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; England United Kingdom
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences; Institute of Dentistry; Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; England United Kingdom
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Culig Z, Santer FR. Molecular aspects of androgenic signaling and possible targets for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer. Steroids 2013; 78:851-9. [PMID: 23643785 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The androgen axis is of crucial importance in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for non-organ-confined prostate cancer. Recent studies revealed that tumor cells have the ability to synthesize androgenic hormones in an intracrine manner. This recognition opened the way for the development of a novel drug, abiraterone acetate, which shows benefits in clinical trials. A novel anti-androgen enzalutamide that inhibits androgen receptor (AR) nuclear translocation has also been developed and tested in the clinic. AR coactivators exert specific cellular regulatory functions, however it is difficult to improve the treatment because of a large number of coregulators overexpressed in prostate cancer. AR itself is a target of several miRNAs which may cause its increased degradation, inhibition of proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Truncated AR occur in prostate cancer as a consequence of alternative splicing. They exhibit ligand-independent transcriptional activity. Although there has been an improvement of endocrine therapy in prostate cancer, increased intracrine ligand synthesis and appearance of variant receptors may facilitate the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Culig
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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McGrath MJ, Binge LC, Sriratana A, Wang H, Robinson PA, Pook D, Fedele CG, Brown S, Dyson JM, Cottle DL, Cowling BS, Niranjan B, Risbridger GP, Mitchell CA. Regulation of the transcriptional coactivator FHL2 licenses activation of the androgen receptor in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5066-79. [PMID: 23801747 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is now clear that progression from localized prostate cancer to incurable castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by continued androgen receptor (AR), signaling independently of androgen. Thus, there remains a strong rationale to suppress AR activity as the single most important therapeutic goal in CRPC treatment. Although the expression of ligand-independent AR splice variants confers resistance to AR-targeted therapy and progression to lethal castrate-resistant cancer, the molecular regulators of AR activity in CRPC remain unclear, in particular those pathways that potentiate the function of mutant AR in CRPC. Here, we identify FHL2 as a novel coactivator of ligand-independent AR variants that are important in CRPC. We show that the nuclear localization of FHL2 and coactivation of the AR is driven by calpain cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein filamin, a pathway that shows differential activation in prostate epithelial versus prostate cancer cell lines. We further identify a novel FHL2-AR-filamin transcription complex, revealing how deregulation of this axis promotes the constitutive, ligand-independent activation of AR variants, which are present in CRPC. Critically, the calpain-cleaved filamin fragment and FHL2 are present in the nucleus only in CRPC and not benign prostate tissue or localized prostate cancer. Thus, our work provides mechanistic insight into the enhanced AR activation, most notably of the recently identified AR variants, including AR-V7 that drives CRPC progression. Furthermore, our results identify the first disease-specific mechanism for deregulation of FHL2 nuclear localization during cancer progression. These results offer general import beyond prostate cancer, given that nuclear FHL2 is characteristic of other human cancers where oncogenic transcription factors that drive disease are activated like the AR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McGrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
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Wang Y, Radhakrishnan D, He X, Peehl DM, Eng C. Transcription factor KLLN inhibits tumor growth by AR suppression, induces apoptosis by TP53/TP73 stimulation in prostate carcinomas, and correlates with cellular differentiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E586-94. [PMID: 23386643 PMCID: PMC3678149 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT KLLN is a newly identified gene with unknown function and shares a bidirectional promoter with PTEN. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between KILLIN (KLLN) expression and prostate cancer and the potential tumor suppressive effect. DESIGN We conducted an in silico analysis to compare KLLN expression in normal prostate and matched primary carcinoma tissues. We subsequently used immunohistochemistry to examine KLLN expression and association with Gleason grade and score in 109 prostatectomy samples. KLLN's tumor-suppressive effect was studied in androgen-dependent and androgen-independent cell models. PATIENTS Patients were diagnosed with peripheral zone prostate carcinomas without metastasis at the time of prostatectomy. Each patient's primary tumor comprised at least 2 tumoral regions with different Gleason grades. RESULTS KLLN expression decreased from normal prostate tissue to primary carcinomas (P < .0001). The loss of epithelial and stromal KLLN expression is associated with poor differentiation and high Gleason scores (P < .0001), consistent with our in vitro observation that KLLN inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness. KLLN decreases prostate-specific antigen levels and suppresses androgen-mediated cell growth by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) transcription. As an androgen receptor-regulated target, KLLN also functions as a transcriptional activator, directly promoting the expression of TP53 and TP73, with consequent elevated apoptosis, regardless of AR status. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that KLLN is a transcription factor directly regulating AR, TP53, and TP73 expression, with a role in prostate carcinogenesis. Loss of KLLN associates with high Gleason scores, suggesting that KLLN might be used as a potential prognostic marker for risk management and as a novel therapy target for advanced prostate carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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41
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Wang Y, He X, Yu Q, Eng C. Androgen receptor-induced tumor suppressor, KLLN, inhibits breast cancer growth and transcriptionally activates p53/p73-mediated apoptosis in breast carcinomas. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2263-72. [PMID: 23418309 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) expression by immunohistochemistry correlates with better prognosis and survival among breast cancer patients. We and others have shown that AR inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism of AR's anti-tumor effect in breast cancer is still not fully understood. Our recent study indicates that AR upregulates expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN by promoter activation in breast cancer. KLLN, encoding KLLN protein, is a newly identified gene, which shares a bidirectional promoter with PTEN and is transcribed in the opposite direction. So far, the function of KLLN has never been studied in tumorigenesis. Here, we define KLLN as a tumor suppressor in breast carcinomas, which inhibits tumor growth and invasiveness. After analyzing 188 normal breast and 1247 malignant breast cancer tissues, we observed the loss of KLLN in multiple breast cancer subtypes and this decreased KLLN expression associates with tumor progression and increasing histological grade in invasive carcinomas. We characterize KLLN, for the first time, as a transcription factor, directly promoting the expression of TP53 and TP73, with consequent elevated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate, in vitro and in murine xenograph models, that both KLLN and PTEN are AR-target genes, mediating androgen-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our observations suggest that KLLN might be used as a potential prognostic marker and novel therapy target for breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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42
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Yue J, Huhn S, Shen Z. Complex roles of filamin-A mediated cytoskeleton network in cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:7. [PMID: 23388158 PMCID: PMC3573937 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin-A (FLNA), also called actin-binding protein 280 (ABP-280), was originally identified as a non-muscle actin binding protein, which organizes filamentous actin into orthogonal networks and stress fibers. Filamin-A also anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and provides a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling proteins. Intriguingly, several studies have revealed that filamin-A associates with multiple non-cytoskeletal proteins of diverse function and is involved in several unrelated pathways. Mutations and aberrant expression of filamin-A have been reported in human genetic diseases and several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the implications of filamin-A in cancer progression, including metastasis and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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43
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Mooso BA, Vinall RL, Tepper CG, Savoy RM, Cheung JP, Singh S, Siddiqui S, Wang Y, Bedolla RG, Martinez A, Mudryj M, Kung HJ, deVere White RW, Ghosh PM. Enhancing the effectiveness of androgen deprivation in prostate cancer by inducing Filamin A nuclear localization. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:759-77. [PMID: 22993077 PMCID: PMC3540117 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As prostate cancer (CaP) is regulated by androgen receptor (AR) activity, metastatic CaP is treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Despite initial response, patients on ADT eventually progress to castration-resistant CaP (CRPC), which is currently incurable. We previously showed that cleavage of the 280 kDa structural protein Filamin A (FlnA) to a 90 kDa fragment, and nuclear localization of the cleaved product, sensitized CRPC cells to ADT. Hence, treatment promoting FlnA nuclear localization would enhance androgen responsiveness. Here, we show that FlnA nuclear localization induced apoptosis in CRPC cells during ADT, identifying it as a treatment tool in advanced CaP. Significantly, the natural product genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) had a similar effect. Investigation of the mechanism of GCP-induced apoptosis showed that GCP induced FlnA cleavage and nuclear localization and that apoptosis resulting from GCP treatment was mediated by FlnA nuclear localization. Two main components of GCP are genistein and daidzein: the ability of GCP to induce G2 arrest was due to genistein whereas sensitivity to ADT stemmed from daidzein; hence, both were needed to mediate GCP's effects. FlnA cleavage is regulated by its phosphorylation; we show that ADT enhanced FlnA phosphorylation, which prevented its cleavage, whereas GCP inhibited FlnA phosphorylation, thereby sensitizing CaP cells to ADT. In a mouse model of CaP recurrence, GCP, but not vehicle, impeded relapse following castration, indicating that GCP, when administered with ADT, interrupted the development of CRPC. These results demonstrate the efficacy of GCP in promoting FlnA nuclear localization and enhancing androgen responsiveness in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Mooso
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Ruth L. Vinall
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | - Jean P. Cheung
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheetal Singh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Yu Wang
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Roble G. Bedolla
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Anthony Martinez
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | | | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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44
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Dahlman KB, Parker JS, Shamu T, Hieronymus H, Chapinski C, Carver B, Chang K, Hannon GJ, Sawyers CL. Modulators of prostate cancer cell proliferation and viability identified by short-hairpin RNA library screening. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34414. [PMID: 22509301 PMCID: PMC3324507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is significant need to identify novel prostate cancer drug targets because current hormone therapies eventually fail, leading to a drug-resistant and fatal disease termed castration-resistant prostate cancer. To functionally identify genes that, when silenced, decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation or induce cell death in combination with antiandrogens, we employed an RNA interference-based short hairpin RNA barcode screen in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. We identified and validated four candidate genes (AKT1, PSMC1, STRADA, and TTK) that impaired growth when silenced in androgen receptor positive prostate cancer cells and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of antiandrogens. Inhibition of AKT with a pharmacologic inhibitor also induced apoptosis when combined with antiandrogens, consistent with recent evidence for PI3K and AR pathway crosstalk in prostate cancer cells. Recovery of hairpins targeting a known prostate cancer pathway validates the utility of shRNA library screening in prostate cancer as a broad strategy to identify new candidate drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Brown Dahlman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Expression Analysis Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tambudzai Shamu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Haley Hieronymus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Caren Chapinski
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brett Carver
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Chang
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Hannon
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Johnson K, Zhu S, Tremblay MS, Payette JN, Wang J, Bouchez LC, Meeusen S, Althage A, Cho CY, Wu X, Schultz PG. A stem cell-based approach to cartilage repair. Science 2012; 336:717-21. [PMID: 22491093 DOI: 10.1126/science.1215157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that involves the destruction of articular cartilage and eventually leads to disability. Molecules that promote the selective differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes may stimulate the repair of damaged cartilage. Using an image-based high-throughput screen, we identified the small molecule kartogenin, which promotes chondrocyte differentiation (median effective concentration = 100 nM), shows chondroprotective effects in vitro, and is efficacious in two OA animal models. Kartogenin binds filamin A, disrupts its interaction with the transcription factor core-binding factor β subunit (CBFβ), and induces chondrogenesis by regulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. This work provides new insights into the control of chondrogenesis that may ultimately lead to a stem cell-based therapy for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Johnson
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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46
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Teh MT, Gemenetzidis E, Patel D, Tariq R, Nadir A, Bahta AW, Waseem A, Hutchison IL. FOXM1 induces a global methylation signature that mimics the cancer epigenome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34329. [PMID: 22461910 PMCID: PMC3312909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene FOXM1 has been implicated in all major types of human cancer. We recently showed that aberrant FOXM1 expression causes stem cell compartment expansion resulting in the initiation of hyperplasia. We have previously shown that FOXM1 regulates HELLS, a SNF2/helicase involved in DNA methylation, implicating FOXM1 in epigenetic regulation. Here, we have demonstrated using primary normal human oral keratinocytes (NOK) that upregulation of FOXM1 suppressed the tumour suppressor gene p16(INK4A) (CDKN2A) through promoter hypermethylation. Knockdown of HELLS using siRNA re-activated the mRNA expression of p16(INK4A) and concomitant downregulation of two DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3B. The dose-dependent upregulation of endogenous FOXM1 (isoform B) expression during tumour progression across a panel of normal primary NOK strains (n = 8), dysplasias (n = 5) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (n = 11) correlated positively with endogenous expressions of HELLS, BMI1, DNMT1 and DNMT3B and negatively with p16(INK4A) and involucrin. Bisulfite modification and methylation-specific promoter analysis using absolute quantitative PCR (MS-qPCR) showed that upregulation of FOXM1 significantly induced p16(INK4A) promoter hypermethylation (10-fold, P<0.05) in primary NOK cells. Using a non-bias genome-wide promoter methylation microarray profiling method, we revealed that aberrant FOXM1 expression in primary NOK induced a global hypomethylation pattern similar to that found in an HNSCC (SCC15) cell line. Following validation experiments using absolute qPCR, we have identified a set of differentially methylated genes, found to be inversely correlated with in vivo mRNA expression levels of clinical HNSCC tumour biopsy samples. This study provided the first evidence, using primary normal human cells and tumour tissues, that aberrant upregulation of FOXM1 orchestrated a DNA methylation signature that mimics the cancer methylome landscape, from which we have identified a unique FOXM1-induced epigenetic signature which may have clinical translational potentials as biomarkers for early cancer screening, diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England, United Kingdom.
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Cytoskeletal protein filamin A is a nucleolar protein that suppresses ribosomal RNA gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:1524-9. [PMID: 22307607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107879109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is an actin-binding protein with a well-established role in the cytoskeleton, where it determines cell shape and locomotion by cross-linking actin filaments. Mutations in FLNA are associated with a wide range of genetic disorders. Here we demonstrate a unique role for FLNA as a nucleolar protein that associates with the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription machinery to suppress rRNA gene transcription. We show that depletion of FLNA by siRNAs increased rRNA expression, rDNA promoter activity and cell proliferation. Immunodepletion of FLNA from nuclear extracts resulted in a decrease in rDNA promoter-driven transcription in vitro. FLNA coimmunoprecipitated with the Pol I components actin, TIF-IA, and RPA40, and their occupancy of the rDNA promoter was increased in the absence of FLNA in vivo. The FLNA actin-binding domain is essential for the suppression of rRNA expression and for inhibiting recruitment of the Pol I machinery to the rDNA promoter. These findings reveal an additional role for FLNA as a regulator of rRNA gene expression and have important implications for our understanding of the role of FLNA in human disease.
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A switch of G protein-coupled receptor binding preference from phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-p85 to filamin A negatively controls the PI3K pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 32:1004-16. [PMID: 22203038 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06252-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent oncogenic alterations occur in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, urging identification of novel negative controls. We previously reported an original mechanism for restraining PI3K activity, controlled by the somatostatin G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) sst2 and involving a ligand-regulated interaction between sst2 with the PI3K regulatory p85 subunit. We here identify the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) as a critical player regulating the dynamic of this complex. A preexisting sst2-p85 complex, which was shown to account for a significant basal PI3K activity in the absence of ligand, is disrupted upon sst2 activation. FLNA was here identified as a competitor of p85 for direct binding to two juxtaposed sites on sst2. Switching of GPCR binding preference from p85 toward FLNA is determined by changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p85- and FLNA-binding sites on sst2 upon activation. It results in the disruption of the sst2-p85 complex and the subsequent inhibition of PI3K. Knocking down FLNA expression, or abrogating FLNA recruitment to sst2, reversed the inhibition of PI3K and of tumor growth induced by sst2. Importantly, we report that this FLNA inhibitory control on PI3K can be generalized to another GPCR, the mu opioid receptor, thereby providing an unprecedented mechanism underlying GPCR-negative control on PI3K.
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Androgen receptor co-activators in the regulation of cellular events in prostate cancer. World J Urol 2011; 30:297-302. [PMID: 22105110 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Androgen receptor (AR) action in benign and malignant tissue is potentiated by a number of co-regulatory proteins that may interact with one or more receptor domains. With improvement of research methodologies, it became possible to detect a number of co-activators whose expression is increased in prostate cancer tissue. METHODS Manuscripts describing prostate cancer-relevant regulation of cellular events by co-activators are selected and summarized. RESULTS AR co-activators may regulate histone modification, proteasomal degradation, chaperones, sumoylation, chromatin remodeling, and cytoskeleton. Some of them (TIF-2) are up-regulated by androgens, whereas the expression of others increases during androgen ablation (p300, CBP, and Tip60). Most co-factors are important for the stimulation of cellular proliferation, although in some cases (ART-27), they act as tumor suppressors and are deleted in prostate cancer tissue. In addition to stimulating AR, some co-activators suppress apoptosis in prostate cancer cells that do not express the AR (p300 and SRC-3). It was recently shown that the inhibition of p300 slows down proliferation, stimulates apoptosis, and inhibits migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Co-factors whose down-regulation results in the alterations of multiple cellular functions may be valid targets for novel therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Wang Y, He X, Ngeow J, Eng C. GATA2 negatively regulates PTEN by preventing nuclear translocation of androgen receptor and by androgen-independent suppression of PTEN transcription in breast cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:569-76. [PMID: 22021428 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) plays important roles in tumor development and progression. Among many functions, PTEN negatively regulates the AKT anti-apoptotic signaling pathway, while nuclear PTEN affects the cell cycle by repressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. However, the regulation of PTEN expression is still not well understood. We previously reported that androgen receptor (AR) activates PTEN transcription in breast cancer cells. Here, we found that the transcription factor GATA2 (GATA binding protein 2) is overexpressed in non-cultured human breast carcinomas and is negatively correlated with PTEN expression. We then showed GATA2 promotes breast cancer cell growth and stimulates AKT phosphorylation by inhibiting PTEN transcription. We mapped a GATA2-binding site in the PTEN promoter, whereby GATA2 not only blocks AR-induced PTEN expression by preventing AR nuclear translocation, but also directly represses PTEN transcription independent of AR. Most importantly, for the first time, we have discovered a novel reverse regulation within the traditional PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, whereby AKT induces GATA2 with consequent decreased PTEN transcription, likely germane in tumor invasion and metastases but not initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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