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Abdel-Mawgod S, Zanaty A, Elhusseiny M, Said D, Samir A, Elsayed MM, Mahana O, Said M, Hussein AM, Hassan HM, Selim A, Shahien MA, Selim K. Genetic heterogeneity of chicken anemia virus isolated in selected Egyptian provinces as a preliminary investigation. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1362219. [PMID: 38840626 PMCID: PMC11150715 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1362219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a widespread and economically significant pathogen in the poultry industry. In this study 110 samples were collected from various poultry farms in selected Egyptian provinces during 2021-2022 and were tested against CAV by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), revealing 22 positive samples with 20% incidence rate. Full sequence analysis of five selected CAV strains revealed genetic variations in VP1, VP2, and VP3 genes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Egyptian strains with reference viruses, mainly in group II, while vaccines like Del-Rose were categorized in group III. Recombination events were detected between an Egyptian strain (genotype II) and the Del-Rose vaccine strain (genotype III), indicating potential recombination between live vaccine strains and field isolates. To evaluate pathogenicity, one Egyptian isolate (F883-2022 CAV) and Del-Rose vaccine were tested in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicks. Chicks in the positive group displayed clinical symptoms, including weakness and stunted growth, with postmortem findings consistent with CAV infection. The vaccine group showed milder symptoms and less severe postmortem changes. This study provides important insights into the genetic diversity of CAV in selected Egyptian poultry farms showing recombination event between field strain and vaccine strains, highlighting the need for advanced vaccination programs, especially for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdel-Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhusseiny
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moataz M. Elsayed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Mahana
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heba M. Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A. Shahien
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim Selim
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Xu H, Li W, Nie Y, Chen S, Li H, Zhang X, Xie Q, Chen W. Synergy of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus and Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Enhances the Pathogenicity in Chickens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:740. [PMID: 38674684 PMCID: PMC11052190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leukemia virus (ALV-J) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) are widely acknowledged as significant immunosuppressive pathogens that commonly co-infect chickens, causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, whether co-infection of ALV-J and CIAV have synergistic pathogenicity remains uncertain. To explore their synergistic pathogenesis, we established a co-infection model of ALV-J and CIAV in HD11 cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. We discovered that ALV-J and CIAV can synergistically promote the secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-γ and apoptosis in HD11 cells. In vivo, compared to the ALV-J and CIAV mono-infected group, the mortality increased significantly by 27% (20 to 47%) and 14% (33 to 47%) in the co-infected group, respectively. We also discovered that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically inhibited weight gain and exhibited more severe organ damage in co-infected chickens. Furthermore, we found that CIAV can promote the replication of ALV-J in HD11 cells and significantly enhance ALV-J viral load in blood and tissues of co-infected chickens, but ALV-J cannot promote the replication of CIAV. Moreover, by measuring the immune organ indexes and proportions of blood CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, more serious instances of immunosuppression were observed in ALV-J and CIAV co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ALV-J and CIAV synergistically enhance pathogenicity and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.X.); (W.L.); (Y.N.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Heyuan 517001, China
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Xu X, Ji J, Yao L, Kan Y, Xie Q, Bi Y. Molecular Characteristics of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Central and Eastern China from 2020 to 2022. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2709. [PMID: 37684973 PMCID: PMC10487239 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the recent evolution of CIAV in China, 43 flocks of chickens from the provinces of Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Anhui were screened via polymerase chain reaction during 2020-2022. Of these, 27 flocks tested positive for CIAV nucleic acids, including 12 which were positive for other immunosuppression viruses. Additionally, 27 CIAV strains were isolated, and their whole genomes were sequenced. The AH2001 and JS2002 strains shared the highest identity at 99.56%, and the HB2102 and HB2101 strains shared the lowest identity at 95.34%. Based on the genome sequences of these strains and reference strains, a phylogenetic tree was constructed and divided into eight main branches. Most of the strains were grouped with the East Asian strains, whereas the HB2101 strain belonged to the Brazil and Argentina cluster. A recombination event was detected in multiple strains, in which AH2002 recombined from KJ728827/China/2014 (from Taiwan Province) and HN2203, and AH2202 recombined from KX811526/China/2017 (from Shandong Province) and HN2203. All the obtained strains had a highly pathogenic Gln amino acid site at position 394 of the VP1. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of CIAV monitoring and provide data that aid in understanding the evolution of CIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (S.X.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.K.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.X.); (Y.B.)
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Zeng Y, Zhang H, Zhang H. Isolation, Identification, and Whole Genome Analysis of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in an Outbreak of Disease in Adult Layer Hens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:481. [PMID: 37505885 PMCID: PMC10386238 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) poses a significant threat to the chicken industry in China. Due to its non-specific symptoms, the disease is often overlooked. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the etiology and pathology of CIA in Guangxi Province, China. Three strains of the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) were isolated from liver samples of diseased 20-week-old chickens. The complete genomes of these strains were sequenced, and experiments on specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks revealed that the GX21121 strain exhibited high virulence. Histopathological examination of the deceased chickens showed liver cell necrosis, fibrous serous exudation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage in liver tissues, and congestion in lung and renal tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome revealed that the three strains had a close genetic relationship to the Heilongjiang wild-type strain (GenBank KY486144). The genetic evolution of their VP1 genes indicated that all three CIAV isolates belonged to genotype IIIc. In summary, this study demonstrated the genomic diversity of three CIAV strains in adult layer hens. The isolation and characterization of the GX21121 strain as a highly virulent isolate provide valuable information for further investigations into the etiology, molecular epidemiology, and viral evolution of CIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Zeng
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Universities in Sichuan, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Huanrong Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Universities in Sichuan, Chengdu 610093, China
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Hien ND, Tran DH, Bich TN, Khanh NP, Nguyen LT. First detection and genetic characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Open Vet J 2023; 13:690-696. [PMID: 37545704 PMCID: PMC10399657 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) caused by the CIA virus (CIAV) is considered one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases affecting chickens and recently poses a great economic burden to the poultry industry worldwide. Aim This study aims to identify the presence of CIAV in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam, and to determine genotypes of CIAVs that are currently circulating in this area. Methods Organ samples (spleen, liver, and thymus) of 144 chickens suspected with CIA from 47 poultry farms were collected. A total of 47 pooled samples, each containing 2-4 chickens from each farm, were tested for the presence of CIAV. Results Twenty out of 47 pooled organ samples (pool of 2-4 chickens per farm) were positive for CIAV using polymerase chain reaction targeting the viral VP1 gene. The VP1 amplicons of eight representative CIAVs were subjected to sequencing and genetic characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial VP1 gene sequence revealed that the CIAVs detected in the MD grouped into different genotypes of II, IIIa, and IIIc together with CIAVs previously detected in the northern Vietnam and other Asian countries. The phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that detected CIAVs genetically differed from vaccine strains. In addition, deduced amino acids of the VP1 identified several critical amino acid substitutions in the VP1 protein that are likely associated with the virulence of CIAV. Conclusion This is the first report to detect and determine the genetic characterization of the circulating CIAVs in the MD. Therefore, this study provides an important understanding of the evolution of CIAVs and highlights the importance of implementing prompt control measures against CIAVs in the MD and Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Hien
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Can Tho Sub-Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Dao Huyen Tran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tran Ngoc Bich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuc Khanh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Lam Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Fang L, Jia H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Qi L, Zhao P. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of a highly pathogenic strain of chicken anemia virus that emerged in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171622. [PMID: 37284496 PMCID: PMC10240067 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). Recently, severe anemia has emerged in layer chickens (8 to 10-week-old) on poultry farms in China. However, the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of CAV in chickens at 6 weeks or older are not well understood. In this study, we isolated a CAV strain, termed SD15, from two-month-old chicken with severe anemia and analyzed the genetic evolution relationship. We found that strain SD15 had the highest homology (98.9%) with CAV18 strain. Comparison with 33 reference strains revealed 16 amino acid mutations in strain SD15, two of which were previously unknown (F210S in VP1 and L25S in Vp3). Compared with low pathogenic strains (Cux-1 and C14), highly pathogenic strains (SDLY08 and SD15) had three base mutations in their noncoding region. To further understand its pathogenicity, 10-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with the novel strain and SDLY08. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the SDLY08 group. However, SD15-infected chickens showed significant growth retardation and immunosuppression. The main manifestations of immunosuppression were the significantly reduced thymus and bursa indices and AIV-H9 vaccine-induced antibody levels (P < 0.05). The lowest number of red blood cells in the SD15 group was just 60% of that in the control group. Taken together, the novel strain SD15 not only showed higher pathogenicity but also exhibited the potential ability to break the age resistance of older chickens to CAV. Our study enhanced the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of chickens infected with severe anemia and can facilitate the development of improved control strategies of CIA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fang
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyue Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Qi
- Innovation Team for Major Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Control, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Sun H, Yu S, Jiang T, Yan Z, Wang D, Chen L, Zhou Q, Yin L, Chen F. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) in China during 2020-2021. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:119-127. [PMID: 36469626 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) has been identified as the causative agent of chicken infectious anaemia (CIA), causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. In this study, a total of 573 clinical samples were collected from 197 broiler farms in 17 provinces of China during 2020-2021. Among them, 375 samples (375/573, 65.4%) were positive for CIAV by real-time PCR. The positive rate of CIAV detection between different regions of China ranged from 46.67% (North China) to 81.25% (Central China). The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 gene were obtained for 91 CIAV strains, whole genome sequencing was successful for 72 out of 91 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene revealed that 91 CIAV strains currently circulating in China belong to three genotypes (II, IIIa and IIIb), and most of the CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome showed that 71 CIAV strains belong to genotype IIIa, and one strain belongs to genotype II. Sequence analysis showed several amino acid substitutions in both the VP1, VP2 and VP3 proteins. Our results enhance the understanding of the molecular characterization of CIAV infection in China.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS A molecular systematic survey of CIAV in China during 2020-2021.CIAV genotype IIIa is the predominant genotype in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilan Yu
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Jiang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingai Wang
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Yunfu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Lou Y, Li P, Wang T, Lv Z, Guo Z, Geng N, Meng F, Liu S, Li N. Retrospective Investigation and Genetic Variation Analysis of Chicken Infectious Anemia in Shandong Province, 2020-2022. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040263. [PMID: 37104419 PMCID: PMC10142966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is a vertical transmission infectious chicken disease caused by the chicken infectious anemia virus (CAV). The disease can induce stunting and immunosuppression in chicks by infecting bone marrow-derived stem cells, causing huge economic losses for the poultry industry. To determine the prevalence of CIA in Shandong Province, China, 854 suspected CIA samples were collected and analyzed in 13 cities in Shandong from 2020 to 2022. The PCR results showed that a total of 115 CAV were isolated. The CAV-positive rates were 17.21% (26/151) in 2020, 12.23% (35/286) in 2021, and 12.94% (54/417) in 2022, with severe mixed infections. Among them, CAV and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) were the most common, accounting for 40.86%. VP1 gene homology analysis showed that isolated strains shared 96.1-100% homology with the previously reported CAV strains. Genetic variation analysis showed that most of the isolated CAV strains were located in genotype A. These results indicate that CIA infection in Shandong chickens in recent years has been prevalent and mixed infections are common, but there were no significant genetic variations. Our results extend the understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of CIA in Shandong Province. They will offer new references for further study of the epidemiology and virus variation and the prevention and control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yufei Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Peixun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Tailong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Zehao Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ningwei Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271000, China
- Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271000, China
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9
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Shah PT, Bahoussi AN, Cui X, Shabir S, Wu C, Xing L. Genetic diversity, distribution, and evolution of chicken anemia virus: A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1145225. [PMID: 36970671 PMCID: PMC10034120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive poultry disease that causes aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, growth retardation and lymphoid tissue atrophy in young chickens and is responsible for huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The disease is caused by the chicken anemia virus (CAV), which belongs to the genus Gyrovirus, family Anelloviridae. Herein, we analyzed the full-length genomes of 243 available CAV strains isolated during 1991-2020 and classified them into two major clades, GI and GII, divided into three and four sub-clades, GI a-c, and GII a-d, respectively. Moreover, the phylogeographic analysis revealed that the CAVs spread from Japan to China, China to Egypt and subsequently to other countries, following multiple mutational steps. In addition, we identified eleven recombination events within the coding and non-coding regions of CAV genomes, where the strains isolated in China were the most active and involved in ten of these events. Furthermore, the amino acids variability analysis indicated that the variability coefficient exceeded the estimation limit of 1.00 in VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins coding regions, demonstrating substantial amino acid drift with the rise of new strains. The current study offers robust insights into the phylogenetic, phylogeographic and genetic diversity characteristics of CAV genomes that may provide valuable data to map the evolutionary history and facilitate preventive measures of CAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Xiaogang Cui
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaista Shabir
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Yan T, Zhao M, Sun Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu Q, Li Y, Cheng Z. Molecular evolution analysis of three species gyroviruses in China from 2018 to 2019. Virus Res 2023; 326:199058. [PMID: 36731631 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gyrovirus (GyV) is a widespread ssDNA virus with a high population diversity, and several of its species, including the chicken anemia virus (CAV), gyrovirus galga 1 (GyG1), and gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1), have been shown to be pathogenic to poultry. The evolution of these viruses, however, is still unclear. Our study analyzed epidemiology and molecular evolution of three species of GyVs (CAV, GyG1, and GyH1) from 2018 to 2019 in China. The survey results indicated that GyV was widespread in China. It is vital to consider the coinfections among the three species of GyV. The phylogenetic analysis showed that CAV was divided into three clades and GyG1 and GyH1 were divided into two clades. Based on the recombination analysis, CAV and GyG1 had similar recombination regions associated with viral replication and transcription. Furthermore, the substitution rates for CAV and GyG1 were approximately 6.09 × 10-4 and 2.784 × 10-4 nucleotides per site per year, respectively. The high substitution rate and recombination were the main factors for the high diversity of GyVs. Unfortunately, GyH1 strains have not been discovered in enough numbers to allow evolutionary analysis. The GyVs had several positively selected sites, possibly related to their potential to escape the host immune response. In summary, our study provides insights into the time of origin, evolution rate, and recombination of GyV for assessing their evolutionary process and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Manda Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Vocational-technical school of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Service center of Jinan Zoo, Jinan, 250032, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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11
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Li Y, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhou M, Zhao H, Chi Z, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Genomic Characterization of CIAV Detected in Contaminated Attenuated NDV Vaccine: Epidemiological Evidence of Source and Vertical Transmission From SPF Chicken Embryos in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:930887. [PMID: 35873689 PMCID: PMC9298830 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines have been extensively used to prevent infectious disease in poultry flocks. Freedom from exogenous virus is a high priority for any veterinary vaccines. Recently, attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines were detected to be contaminated with chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in a routine screening for exogenous viruses. To investigate the possible source of the contamination, we conducted virological tests on a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer breeder flock that provide the raw materials for vaccines in this manufacturer. Firstly, CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks samples of the SPF laying hens were detected by ELISA assays. The results showed that CIAV antibodies in serum and egg yolks were 62% positive and 57% positive, respectively. Then, DNA was extracted from the NDV vaccines and SPF chicken embryonated eggs, and detected by molecular virology assays. The results showed that three assays for pathogens in embryonated eggs had similar positive rates (35.8%). And the sequences of CIAV from SPF embryos and NDV vaccines consisted of 2,298 nucleotides (nt) with 100% homology. The new full-length genome of CIAV was designated SDSPF2020 (Genbank accession number: MW660821). Data showed SDSPF2020 had the sequence similarities of 95.8–99.6% with reference strains, and shared the highest homology with the Chinese strain HLJ15125. These results strongly suggested that exogenous CIAV contamination is most likely caused by wild virus infection in SPF flocks and vertical transmission to chicken embryos. Collectively, this study illustrated that vertical transmission of CIAV from a SPF layer breeder flock to embryos was a non-neglible way for exogenous virus contamination in vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zengna Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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12
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Chen L, Su Q, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chang S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Genomic Characteristics of a Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Contaminated Attenuated Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925935. [PMID: 35782569 PMCID: PMC9244546 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) can be transmitted by contaminated live vaccines, and causes huge economic losses. This study evaluated the contamination status of CIAV in 24 batches of vaccines by recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA), fluorescence quantitative PCR and dot blot assay, and then found a contaminated attenuated vaccine. The whole genome of the CIAV contaminant was then sequenced and named JS2020-PFV (Genbank accession number: MW234428, 2296bp). It showed 94.5 to 99.9% identities with reference strains and shared the closest evolution relationship with AB1K strain which was isolated from a chicken farm in Turkey. All of these suggested that the use of CIAV contaminated live vaccine may be one of the reason for its epidemic in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhao
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13
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Liu L, Li Y, Yin M, Zhao P, Guo L, Wang Y. Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Broilers in Shandong Province, China, 2020–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816860. [PMID: 35372548 PMCID: PMC8968957 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), is an immunosuppressive disease characterized by growth retardation, aplastic anemia, lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression in young chickens. In this study, 33 CAV strains were isolated from broilers in Shandong Province during 2020–2021. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences showed that most CAV strains isolated in this study were scattered across different branches, but mainly clustered in two genotypes, indicating a certain regional characteristic. Analysis of VP1 protein identified several amino acid substitutions which were relevant with the virulence and virus spread efficiency. Interestingly, four putative DNA recombination events were detected in the genomes of novel isolated CAV strains. In summary, this study demonstrated a genomic diversity of CAV in broilers isolated in Shandong Province during 2020–2021, and provided information for the further study of CAV molecular epidemiology and viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Mingrong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
| | - Longzong Guo
- Shandong Yisheng Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Longzong Guo
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, China
- Yixin Wang
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14
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Whole genome analysis and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus from an outbreak in a layer flock reveals circulation of genogroup IIIb in South India. Virus Res 2022; 308:198649. [PMID: 34861312 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome (2298 nucleotides) of the economically important and immunosuppressive, chicken infectious anemia virus (CAV), from a disease outbreak in a layer flock is discussed. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of CAV from India. The phylogenetic analyses grouped this isolate with CAV genogroup IIIb based on both complete genome and capsid protein (VP1) sequences. The analyses further revealed the presence of CAV genogroups II, IIIa and IIIb in India. The VP1 sequence identity ranged between 84.4 to 99.3% with that of the Indian isolates and carried a unique substitution at position 447 (serine instead of threonine). Two novel amino acid substitutions were observed at position 52 of VP1 (serine instead of proline) and at position 26 of VP2 (asparagine instead of serine). Sequence analyses of VP1, VP2 and VP3 suggested that the isolate could be attenuated. Comparison with CAV variants, isolated from mammalian species, showed similarities in the numbers of certain transcription factor binding sites in the non-coding regions. Recombination analysis detected no recombination events in this isolate. Further investigations are needed to understand the implications of the unique features of this isolate on viral virulence.
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15
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Zhang M, Deng X, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Xie L, Luo S, Fan Q, Zeng T, Huang J, Wang S. Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus in Guangxi Province, southern China, from 2018 to 2020. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e63. [PMID: 36038184 PMCID: PMC9523344 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes chicken infectious anemia, which results in immunosuppression; the virus has spread widely in chicken flocks in China. Objectives The aim of this study was to understand recent CAV genetic evolution in chicken flocks in Guangxi Province, southern China. Methods In total, 350 liver samples were collected from eight commercial broiler chicken farms in Guangxi Province in southern China from 2018 to 2020. CAV was detected by conventional PCR, and twenty CAV complete genomes were amplified and used for the phylogenetic analysis and recombination analysis. Results The overall CAV-positive rate was 17.1%. The genetic analysis revealed that 84 CAVs were distributed in groups A, B, C (subgroups C1-C3) and D. In total, 30 of 47 Chinese CAV sequences from 2005-2020 belong to subgroup C3, including 15 CAVs from this study. There were some specific mutation sites among the intergenotypes in the VP1 protein. The amino acids at position 394Q in the VP1 protein of 20 CAV strains were consistent with the characteristics of a highly pathogenic strain. GX1904B was a putative recombinant. Conclusions Subgroup C3 was the dominant genotype in Guangxi Province from 2018–2020. The 20 CAV strains in this study might be virulent according to the amino acid residue analysis. These data help improve our understanding of the epidemiological trends of CAV in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
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16
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Di Francesco A, Quaglia G, Salvatore D, Sakhria S, Catelli E, Bessoussa G, Kaboudi K, Ben Chehida N, Lupini C. Occurrence of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Industrial and Backyard Tunisian Broilers: Preliminary Results. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010062. [PMID: 35011168 PMCID: PMC8749614 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important and widely distributed immunosuppressive agent in chickens. This study performed an epidemiological investigation on CIAV circulation in 195 Tunisian broilers, belonging to 13 lots from five industrial farms and in one rural farm. Fifteen animals were detected positive by a VP1 nested PCR. The amplicons were molecularly characterised by complete genome sequencing. All positive samples obtained in this study were from the rural farm, whereas the industrial farms sampled were negative. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses showed a high degree of similarity among the sequences obtained, suggesting the circulation of a single CIAV strain in the positive lot. Phylogenetic analysis based on the CIAV VP1 nucleotide sequence and/or the complete genome showed that the sequences obtained in this study clustered with CIAV strains previously detected in Tunisia, Italy and Egypt, belonging to genogroup II. Our results highlight the need for constant CIAV surveillance in backyard chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Sonia Sakhria
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.S.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Ghaith Bessoussa
- Commissariat Régional au Développement Agricole, Ben Arous 2063, Tunisia;
| | - Khaled Kaboudi
- National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Noureddine Ben Chehida
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia; (S.S.); (N.B.C.)
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (G.Q.); (D.S.); (E.C.); (C.L.)
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17
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Dong HV, Tran GTH, Kurokawa A, Yamamoto Y, Takeda Y, Ogawa H, Imai K. Genetic characterization of chicken anemia viruses newly isolated from diseased chicks in Japan in 2020. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:166-170. [PMID: 34866075 PMCID: PMC8810318 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a total of nine chicken samples obtained from two broiler flocks in Oita and Tottori prefectures in 2020 were examined for Chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection. The samples
were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased chickens. The CAV genome was detected in all nine samples tested by real-time PCR. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons
of the full-length VP1 gene sequences indicated that all the Japanese CAV strains obtained in this study formed a similar cluster of genotype III and shared high nucleotide (99.62–100%)
identity. The current Japanese CAV strains were closely related to Chinese CAV strains but not related to vaccine strains. One positive selection site of VP1 was detected among the Japanese
CAV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Van Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture
| | - Giang Thi Huong Tran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture
| | | | | | - Yohei Takeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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18
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Synergistic pathogenesis of chicken infectious anemia virus and J subgroup of avian leukosis virus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101468. [PMID: 34624772 PMCID: PMC8503663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As important immunosuppressive viruses, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) and subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Recently, the co-infection of CIAV and ALV-J frequently occurred in the domestic chicken flocks in China. However, the synergistic pathogenesis of CIAV and ALV-J has not been fully investigated. Here, a co-infection study was performed to further understand the potential synergistic pathogenesis of CIAV and ALV-J. In vitro study showed that CIAV could promote the replication of ALV-J in HD11 cells, but ALV-J could not increase the replication of CIAV. Chicken infection study showed both CIAV and ALV-J with synergistic effects caused significant body weight loss to the infected chickens. Although ALV-J had no effect on CIAV viral shedding and tissue load, CIAV did significantly increase ALV-J viremia, viral shedding and tissue load in the co-infection group. Moreover, both CIAV and ALV-J could significantly inhibit the humoral immunity to H9N2 influenza virus and serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4). All these data demonstrate the synergistic pathogenesis for the co-infection of CIAV and ALV-J, and highlight the positive effect of CIAV on the pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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19
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Molecular evolution and pathogenicity of chicken anemia virus isolates in China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:439-449. [PMID: 33389105 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), is an important immunosuppressive disease that seriously threatens the global poultry industry. Here, we isolated and identified 30 new CAV strains from CAV-positive flocks. The VP1 genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed at the nucleotide and amino acid levels and were found to have very similar nucleotide sequences (> 97% identity); however, they showed 93.9-100.0% sequence identity to the VP1 genes of 55 reference strains. Furthermore, alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed some unique mutations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the division of VP1 amino acid sequences into two groups (A and B) and four subgroups (A1, A2, A3 and A4). Interestingly, 22 of the newly isolated strains and some Asian reference strains belonged to the A1 group, whereas the remaining eight new isolates belonged to the A3 group. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the epidemic CAV strains from China, the representative strains CAV-JL16/8901 and CAV-HeN19/3001 and the reference strain Cux-1 were selected for animal experiments. Chickens infected with the isolates and reference strain all showed thymus atrophy and bone marrow yellowing. The mortality rates for CAV-JL16/8901, CAV-HeN19/3001, and the reference strain was 30%, 20%, and 0%, respectively, indicating that the epidemic strains pose a more serious threat to chickens. We not only analyzed the molecular evolution of the epidemic strains but also showed for the first time that the epidemic strains in China are more pathogenic than reference strain Cux-1. Effective measures should be established to prevent the spread of CIA in China.
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Van Dong H, Tran GTH, Trinh DQ, Takeda Y, Ogawa H, Imai K. Establishment of an In Vitro Model of Persistent Chicken Anemia Virus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100842. [PMID: 33076262 PMCID: PMC7602425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in chickens has been suspected to result in immunosuppression and exogenous virus contamination within vaccine production. However, no direct evidence for persistent CAV infection has thus far been obtained. In this study, we aimed to establish an in vitro model of persistent CAV infection. CAV-infected MDCC-MSB1 (MSB1) cells, a Marek’s disease virus-transformed continuous cell line, were cultured in the presence of both CAV and CAV neutralizing antibody (NA). Cell viability, expression of viral antigens, viral DNA, and recovery of CAV were examined by acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, immunofluorescence measurement, real-time PCR, and viral isolation, respectively. The results indicated that CAV was maintained and possibly replicated in CAV-infected cells cultured in the presence of NA, without affecting host cell viability. It was also shown that persistently infectious CAV induced cell death again after removing NA. The persistent infection of CAV in MSB1 cells was not related to viral gene mutation. In summary, we have herein established a novel model of persistent CAV infection in MSB1 cells cultured in the presence of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Van Dong
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan; (H.V.D.); (G.T.H.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thi Huong Tran
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan; (H.V.D.); (G.T.H.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Dai Quang Trinh
- Central Veterinary Medicine JSC No. 5, Ha Binh Phuong Industrial Zone, Thuong Tin, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan; (H.V.D.); (G.T.H.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
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21
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Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and recombination analysis of chicken anemia virus in Guangdong province, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1409-1417. [PMID: 32318833 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Here, we report the molecular epidemiology and characterization of CAV circulating in poultry in Guangdong province, China. Ninety-one of 277 chickens collected from 2016 to 2017 were CAV positive. Full-genome sequencing revealed the presence of eight separate strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences obtained in this study and related sequences available in the GenBank database showed that all of the CAV isolates exhibit a close relationship to each other and belong to the same genotypic group. Putative recombination events were also detected in the genomes of the newly isolated CAVs. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of CAV surveillance and provide information that will lead to a better understanding of the evolution of CAV.
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22
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Hosokawa K, Imai K, Dong HV, Ogawa H, Suzutou M, Linn SH, Kurokawa A, Yamamoto Y. Pathological and virological analysis of concurrent disease of chicken anemia virus infection and infectious bronchitis in Japanese native chicks. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:422-430. [PMID: 32074517 PMCID: PMC7192730 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A concurrent infection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) and infectious bronchitis virus
(IBV) was detected in Japanese native chicks in 2017, in which a high mortality rate
(97.7%) was recorded in a small flock of 130 chicks exhibiting poor growth. Histological
examination revealed that the affected chicks exhibited two different pathological
entities: one was severe hematopoietic and lymphocytic depletion with abnormally large
cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies of CAV, whereas the other was renal tubular
necrosis due to IBV infection. Immunohistochemistry detected CAV antigens in the bone
marrow, liver, and spleen as well as IBV antigens in the kidneys, trachea, and air sacs.
CAV was isolated from the liver sample of the chicks, and the isolated strain was
designated as CAV/Japan/HS1/17. A phylogenetic analysis of the CAV VP1 gene revealed that
CAV/Japan/HS1/17 is genetically similar to Chinese strains collected from 2014 to 2016. An
experimental infection was performed using CAV/Japan/HS1/17 and specific-pathogen-free
chicks to determine the pathogenicity of CAV/Japan/HS1/17. The isolate caused 100% anemia
and 70% mortality to chicks inoculated at one day old, 80% of chicks inoculated at seven
days old also developed anemia, and 10% died from CAV infection. These results suggest
that the unusually high mortality in Japanese native chicks can be attributed to dual
infection with both CAV and IBV. The results of the experimental infection suggest that
CAV/Japan/HS1/17 has a pathogenic potential to specific-pathogen-free chicks and a
relatively higher pathogenicity than previous Japanese CAV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Hosokawa
- Western Center for Livestock Hygiene Service, Hiroshima Prefecture, 1-15 Saijogojo-cho, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0013, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Imai
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hieu Van Dong
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzutou
- Western Center for Livestock Hygiene Service, Hiroshima Prefecture, 1-15 Saijogojo-cho, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0013, Japan
| | - Sandi Htein Linn
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Aoi Kurokawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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BRAR RAHUL, BAHNOT VANDNA, MAHAJAN NK, TOMAR PIYUSH, PRAKASH ANAND, MAAN SUSHILA. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus in poultry flocks in Haryana. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i12.96620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) is an economically important pathogen affecting poultry industry worldwide. Commercial poultry flocks (26) suspected to be affected with chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) were processed for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using VP2 gene primers and characterized by partial gene sequencing. The PCR revealed 26.9% (7/26) poultry flocks positive for CIAV. Eleven PCR products of CIAV DNA were sequenced. The partial nucleotide sequence analysis of VP2 genes revealed that 11 field strains had 99.2 to 100% similarity among themselves and with the Indian strains. The VP2 gene sequences of 11 field strains showed 97.5 to 100% similarity to the field strains sequences reported from all over the world. On the basis of partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of VP2 gene, our findings suggest that the viral strains circulating in Haryana have similarity to other Indian strains.
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Chicken anemia virus in northern Vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination. Virus Genes 2019; 55:643-653. [PMID: 31290064 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) has a ubiquitous and worldwide distribution in the chicken production industry. Our group previously reported a high seroprevalence of CAV in chickens from northern Vietnam. In the present study, tissue samples collected from a total of 330 broiler and breeder commercial chickens in eleven provinces of northern Vietnam were tested for CAV infection. All samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased birds. The CAV genome was detected in 157 out of 330 (47.58%) chicken samples by real-time PCR. The rate of CAV genome detection in young chickens at 2-3 weeks of age (61.43%), which had not been previously reported in Vietnam, was significantly higher than that in older chickens at 4-11 (44.83%) and 12-28 (35.71%) weeks of age. For nine representative CAV strains from broiler chickens, analysis of the entire protein-coding region of the viral genome was conducted. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene indicated that the CAVs circulating in northern Vietnam were divided into three distinct genotypes: II, III, and V. Only one of the nine Vietnamese CAV strains clustered with a vaccine strain (Del-Ros), whereas the other eight strains did not cluster with any vaccine strains. Among the three genotypes, genotype III was most widely found in northern Vietnam and this included three sub-genotypes (IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc). The Vietnamese CAV strains were closely related to the Chinese, Taiwanese, and USA strains. One strain was defined to be of genotype V, which is a newly reported CAV genotype. Moreover, recombination analysis suggests that this novel genotype V was generated by recombination between genotype II and sub-genotype IIIc.
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25
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A New Strategy for the Detection of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Contamination in Attenuated Live Vaccine by Droplet Digital PCR. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2750472. [PMID: 31223613 PMCID: PMC6541982 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2750472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes the atrophy of bone marrow hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in chicks, leading to huge economic losses all over the world. The using of attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV increased the mortality and the pathogenicity of other diseases in many farms. However, it is difficult to detect the CIAV contamination by general detection technology due to the extremely low dose of CIAV in vaccines. In this study, we established a new method called droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) to detect CIAV contamination of vaccines more sensitively and accurately. The lowest detection limitation of this method is 2.4 copies of CIAV plasmid or CIAV contamination at 0.1 EID50/1000 feathers in vaccines without any positive signals of other viruses. Besides, the sensitivity of ddPCR is 100 times greater than that of conventional PCR and 10 times greater than that of real-time PCR. The ddPCR technique is more sensitive and more intuitive. Therefore, it could be valuable for the detection of CIAV contamination in vaccines.
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26
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Su Q, Wang T, Meng F, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Synergetic pathogenicity of Newcastle disease vaccines LaSota strain and contaminated chicken infectious anemia virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1985-1992. [PMID: 30566627 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-attenuated vaccine has been widely used to prevent ND in poultry flocks, while many reports also mentioned the exogenous virus contamination in attenuated vaccines, which might be the reason for the widespread of some contagious diseases. Recently, the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) contamination in the NDV-attenuated vaccine was also found in China, though no systemic study has studied the pathogenicity or infection mechanism of this special transmission route. Accordingly, simulation experiments were launched using CIAV isolated from a contaminated NDV-attenuated vaccine. Results showed that using NDV-attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV could cause CIA in chickens with obvious symptoms, including anemia, hemorrhage, lymphoatrophy, and growth retardation, while the synergistic reaction of CIAV and LaSota prompted their multiplication in vivo and disturbed the production of antibodies against each other. And CIAV could significantly reduce the NDV antibody titers and decrease the protective effectiveness. This study showed the synergetic pathogenicity of CIAV and LaSota strain after using contaminated NDV-attenuated vaccine, helping us to understand how the CIAV causes infection and induces severe diseases with a relatively low dose through the mouth, as well as reminding us that the damage of an attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV even in extremely low dose is not insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China
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27
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Analysis of codon usage pattern in the viral proteins of chicken anaemia virus and its possible biological relevance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Han C, Niu X, Liu L, Li J, Li J, Yao S, Song X, Gao H, Gao Y, Qi X, Zeng X, Wang Y, Wang X. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of chicken anemia virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1176-1180. [PMID: 30544152 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection has been reported in various poultry industries worldwide. Since CAV infection is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in local chickens of China, rapid CAV detection has become essential. The conventional diagnostic methods are time consuming and need special expertise. Therefore, in this study, we developed a specific and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for CAV detection by using multiple sequence alignment of VP2. This assay was performed at 61°C for 1 h, and there was no non-specific reaction to common avian disease viruses. The detection limit was 65 copies of viral DNA; thus, this assay showed similar sensitivity to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) but it was more sensitive than conventional PCR. Moreover, this assay was performed using clinical samples. The LAMP assay results were 83.6% correlated to the PCR results of the clinical samples, indicating that this method is an effective tool for the rapid detection of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.,State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Niu
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiukuan Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.,Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.,Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuqing Song
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
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29
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Wu C, Hu J, Ci X, Nie Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and protection efficacy analysis of 2 wild-type lentogenic class I Newcastle disease viruses from chickens in China. Poult Sci 2019; 98:602-612. [PMID: 30376072 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2 wild-type Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), designated as CK/GX/65/15 and CK/GX/26/15, were isolated from asymptomatic chickens in Guangxi province, China. They were identified as lentogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) above 90 and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) below 0.7. The results of complete genome sequence analysis show that the 2 NDV strains are members of class I genotype 3 with the length 15,198 nt, which followed the "rule of six" and the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. In addition, 8 amino acid substitutions were identified in the functional domains of fusion protein (F) of CK/GX/65/15 and 9 in CK/GX/26/15, whose amino acid sequences of F protein cleavage site are 112E-R-Q-E-R-L117. The isolates were found to be apathogenic in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and ducks without morbidity or mortality. Furthermore, the protection study shows that isolates can provide the same effective protection against a major NDV virulent strain in China (class II genotype VII) as the commercial vaccine LaSota. Moreover, vaccination with isolates reduced number of chickens shedding virus compared to those vaccinated with LaSota. In conclusion, 2 wild-type NDV strains exhibited fine protection efficacy against genotype VII NDV in poultry and can be considered as candidate vaccines against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yu Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dekui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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30
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Aşkar S. Full-Length Genomic Characterization of Chicken Anemia Virus in Turkey. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Aşkar
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Turkey
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31
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Meng F, Dong G, Zhang Y, Tian S, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Co-infection of fowl adenovirus with different immunosuppressive viruses in a chicken flock. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1699-1705. [PMID: 29509913 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and immunosuppressive virus co-infection is likely to cause decreased egg production, inclusion body hepatitis, and pericardial effusion syndrome. In this study, fowl adenovirus infection was found in parental and descendent generations of chickens. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot blot hybridization to detect the infection of reticuloendotheliosis (REV), avian leukosis virus (ALV), and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) in 480 plasma samples. The test samples were 34.58% FADV-positive, 22.29% REV-positive, 7.5% CAV-positive, and 0.63% ALV-positive. Sequence analysis showed that FADV belonged to serotype 7, which can cause inclusion body hepatitis. The ALV strain was ALV-A, in which the homology of gp85 gene and SDAU09C1 was 97.3%. The positive rate was lower because of the purification of avian leukemia, whereas the phylogenetic tree analysis of REV showed that the highest homology was with IBD-C1605, which was derived from a vaccine isolate. Through pathogen detection in poultry we present, to our knowledge, the first discovery of fowl adenovirus type 7 infection in parental chickens and found that there was co-infection of FAdV and several immunosuppressive viruses, such as the purified ALV and CIAV. This indicates that multiple infection of different viruses is ever-present, and more attention should be given in the diagnosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Guiwei Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Sibao Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Li Y, Hu Y, Cui S, Fu J, Wang Y, Cui Z, Fang L, Chang S, Zhao P. Molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus from contaminated live-virus vaccines. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1045-1051. [PMID: 27811322 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible causes of the pervasiveness of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infection in chickens in recent years in China. A total of 14 batches of live-virus vaccines were examined using PCR to detect CIAV contamination, of which only 2 samples (a Newcastle disease vaccine and a fowl pox vaccine) tested positive for CIAV. These Newcastle and fowl pox vaccines were then inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Serum samples were collected from chickens infected with the PCR-positive vaccines, and these tested positive for CIAV-specific antibodies as tested using ELISA. In addition, DNA samples isolated from the serum samples also tested positive by PCR. The results indicated that the samples were contaminated with CIAV and identified 2 exogenous CIAV strains, designated CIAV-N22 and CIAV-F10, in the respective samples. The full genome sequences of these novel CIAV strains were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the CIAV-F10 strain might represent a recombinant viral strain arising from the parental CIAV strains JQ690762 and KJ728816. Overall, the results suggested that vaccination with CIAV-contaminated vaccines contributed to the prevalence and spread of CIAV infection in chickens. Furthermore, the CIAV contaminant was likely subsequently transmitted to commercial chickens through congenital transmission. Our findings therefore highlight the need for more extensive screening of live-virus vaccines for poultry in China to reduce the threat of contamination with exogenous viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lichun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Abdel-Mawgod S, Adel A, Arafa AS, Hussein HA. Full genome sequences of chicken anemia virus demonstrate mutations associated with pathogenicity in two different field isolates in Egypt. Virusdisease 2018; 29:333-341. [PMID: 30159368 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important pathogen associated with immunosuppression in chicken. In this study, out of samples collected from 115 commercial poultry farms, 12 samples were CAV positive by PCR. Partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 gene revealed that the detected viruses were clustered to genotype I (n = 3) and genotype II (n = 9). Motifs of both low (E144) and high pathogenic strains (T89, I125, Q141) were found in the three viruses of genotype I. Whereas genotype II viruses demonstrated the characteristic motifs of highly pathogenic strains (I75, T89, I125, Q141, and Q144). Three isolates representative of both genotypes (CAV/CA1, CAV/GZ1 and CAV/SK4) were selected for full genome sequencing and results revealed that the VP2 gene had two substitutions at V153 and E 175, while VP3 gene had only one substitution at C118. To evaluate virus pathogenicity, two isolates from each genotype (CAV/SK4 of genotype I and CAV/CA1 of genotype II) were intramuscularly inoculated in two groups of one-day-old specific pathogen free chicks. Eighteen days post inoculation, PCR detected CAV in 75 and 90% of chicks in group I and II; respectively. Mortalities in inoculated chicks were 5 and 20% and packed cell volume values were 0.21 and 0.19; respectively. CAV/CA1 and CAV/SK4 isolates showed pathogenic evidences at the level of genetic (Q141 and 394Q) with variable degree of virulence. In conclusion, the study reports the circulation of at least two genotypes of CAV among chicken population with mutation associated with pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdel-Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Abdel-Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Hussein A Hussein
- 2Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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Characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in Egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination. Virus Res 2018; 251:78-85. [PMID: 29751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is one of the commercially important diseases of poultry worldwide. In Egypt, CAV has been reported to be a potential threat to the commercial poultry sectors. Hence, this study was aimed at isolation and full genomic analysis of CAVs circulating in chicken populations in different geographical location in Egypt. A total of 42 samples were collected from broiler chicken flocks in 9 governorates in Egypt from 12 to 42 days of age. The mortality rate observed among chickens was ranging from 3% to 22%. Nineteen out of 42 farms were found positive for the CAV genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Full genome sequencing was conducted for 18 positive samples. Genetic analysis revealed a high similarity of >99% in 11 viruses with the vaccine strain Del-Ros; while the other seven samples shared close similarity to CAV field strains isolated from China, Taiwan, and Brazil. The data also indicated Q139 and Q144 amino acids substitutions among the VP1 of Egyptian field strains, which are known to be important in virus replication and spread. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced viruses (n = 18) based on either the full gene nucleotide sequence or VP1 coding sequence, suggested the circulation of four distinct genotypes in Egypt designated as group A, B, C and D. Moreover, evidence of recombination was detected among four Egyptian CAVs located within group A. The findings of this study succeeded to elucidate the epidemiological and genetic features of CAVs circulating in Egypt, and underscores the important of CAVs surveillance.
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35
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Ou SC, Lin HL, Liu PC, Huang HJ, Lee MS, Lien YY, Tsai YL. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus from commercial and native chickens in Taiwan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1493-1501. [PMID: 29691993 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) is a disease with a highly economic impact in the poultry industry. The infected chickens are characterized by aplastic anaemia and extreme immunosuppression, followed by the increased susceptibility to secondary infectious pathogens and suboptimal immune responses for vaccination. Commercially available CIA vaccines are routinely used in the breeders in Taiwan to protect their progeny with maternal-derived antibodies. However, CIA cases still occur in the field and little is known about the genetic characteristics of Taiwanese chicken anaemia viruses (CAVs). In this study, CAV DNA was detected in 72 of 137 flocks collected during 2010-2015. Among the PCR-positive samples, the coding regions of 51 CAVs were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene revealed that, although most of Taiwanese CAVs belonged to genotypes II and III, some isolates were clustered into a novel genotype (genotype IV). Moreover, a Taiwanese isolate in this novel genotype IV appeared to be derived from a recombination event between genotypes II and III viruses. Five Taiwanese CAV isolates were highly similar to the vaccine strains, 26P4 or Del-Ros. Taken together, these results indicate that the sequences of CAVs in Taiwan are variable, and inter-genotypic recombination had occurred between viruses of different genotypes. Moreover, vaccine-like strains might induce clinical signs of CIA in chickens. Our findings could be useful for understanding the evolution of CAVs and development of a better control strategy for CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Ou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H-L Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-C Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M-S Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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36
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Li Y, Fang L, Cui S, Fu J, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Z, Chang S, Shi W, Zhao P. Genomic Characterization of Recent Chicken Anemia Virus Isolates in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:401. [PMID: 28344576 PMCID: PMC5344997 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) causes diseases in young chickens, which include increased pathogenicity of secondary infectious agents, generalized lymphoid depletion, and immunodepression. In the present study, we have identified 22 CAV strains isolated from several commercial chicken farms in Northern China during 2014–2015. In addition, two CAVs were also isolated from stray mouse and dog feces, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of CAV from mouse and dog feces. Phylogenetic analysis of 121 full-length CAV genome sequences showed that all available CAV could be classified into eight lineages, supported by phylogenetic trees estimated using different methods. Furthermore, the 24 novel CAV sequences scattered across different branches, lack of clear spatio-temporal distribution characterization. Analysis of the 450 amino acids of VP1 protein identified 33 amino acid substitutions that were specific for CAVs from northern China. Putative gene recombination events were also detected in the genomes of newly isolated CAVs. In particular, a putative recombinant event was detected in the CAV-Dog genome with high statistical support. In summary, we established a robust classification system for CAV, revealed additional genomic diversity of CAV, and therefore, warranted additional efforts to explore CAV genomics and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Lichun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Shuai Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Jiayuan Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College Tai'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China
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Genetic Analysis of Two Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Variants-Related Gyrovirus in Stray Mice and Dogs: The First Report in China, 2015. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6707868. [PMID: 28326326 PMCID: PMC5343220 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6707868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes acute viral infection in chickens worldwide. It can infect chickens of all ages, but the disease is seen only in young chickens and is characterized by hemorrhagic lesions in the muscles, atrophic changes in the lymphoid organs, aplastic bone marrow, and immunosuppression causing increased mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that CIAV can be isolated from blood specimens of humans and fecal samples of stray cats. In the present study, two variants of CIAV were isolated from fecal samples of mice (CIAV-Mouse) and stray dogs (CIAV-Dog), respectively. The genome of the two CIAV variants was sequenced and the results of the recombination detection program suggested that the CIAV-Dog strain could be a recombinant viral strain generated from parental CIAV strains, AB119448 and GD-1-12, with high confidence. Particularly, these findings were obtained from the comparison of genetic diversity and the relationship of CIAV between different hosts. This is the first report indicating that there is a significant difference in the number of transcription factor binding sites in CIAV noncoding regions from different hosts. Further studies are required to investigate the large geographic distribution of CIAV and monitor the variants, host range, and associated diseases.
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38
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Impact of virus load on immunocytological and histopathological parameters during clinical chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection in poultry. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:42-51. [PMID: 27165537 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is one the important pathogen affecting commercial poultry sector globally by causing mortality, production losses, immunosuppression, aggravating co-infections and vaccination failures. Here, we describe the effects of CAV load on hematological, histopathological and immunocytochemical alterations in 1-day old infected chicks. The effects of CAV on cytokine expression profiles and generation of virus specific antibody titer were also studied and compared with viral clearance in various tissues. The results clearly confirmed that peak viral load was achieved mainly in lymphoid tissues between 10 and 20 days post infection (dpi), being highest in the blood (log1010.63 ±0.87/ml) and thymus (log1010.29 ±0.94/g) followed by spleen, liver, bone marrow and bursa. The histopathology and immunoflowcytometric analysis indicated specific degeneration of T lymphoid cells in the thymus, spleen and blood at 15 dpi. While the transcript levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-12 decreased at all dpi, interferon (IFN)-γ increased (3-15 fold) during early stages of infection and the appearance of virus specific antibodies were found to be strongly associated with virus clearance in all the tissues. Our findings support the immunosuppressive nature of CAV and provide the relation between the virus load in the various body tissues and the immunopathological changes during clinical CAV infections.
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Zhang X, Wu B, Liu Y, Chen W, Dai Z, Bi Y, Xie Q. Assessing the efficacy of an inactivated chicken anemia virus vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:1916-22. [PMID: 25758933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes chicken infectious anemia (CIA) which is a highly contagious avian disease. CAV causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The current CAV vaccine is a live attenuated strain administered in the drinking water that risks horizontal infection of other chickens. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine against CAV that can be administered safely using a highly pathogenic isolate inactivated with β-propiolactone hydrolysis that would protect chicks from CAV. METHODS Hens were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a novel CAV GD-G-12 inactivated vaccine and the humoral immune responses of the hens and offspring were monitored by ELISA. A heterologous intramuscular challenge using the CAV strain GD-E-12 was conducted in the chicks hatched from vaccinated or unvaccinated hens. RESULTS The vaccine strain, GD-G-12, was shown to be highly pathogenic prior to inactivation evidenced by thymic atrophy and bleeding, and weight loss. The inactivated vaccine was considered safe and showed no signs of pathogenicity. High titers of CAV specific antibodies were detected in the vaccinated hens and in their chicks, indicating vertical transfer of maternal antibodies. Furthermore, the chicks hatched from vaccinated hens were resistant to a heterologous CAV challenge and showed no signs of weight loss and thymic atrophy and bleeding. CONCLUSION Our studies are proof of principle that inactivated GD-G-12 might be a novel vaccine candidate to prevent CAV infection, and highlight the utility of using an inactivated virus for this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Boliang Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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40
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Full-Genome Sequence of Chicken Anemia Virus Strain GXC060821, Isolated from a Guangxi Sanhuang Chicken. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e00040-14. [PMID: 24558234 PMCID: PMC3931355 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00040-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel chicken anemia virus strain GXC060821, isolated from a Sanhuang chicken in Guangxi Province of southern China. The complete genome of GXC060821 was sequenced. The full-length of GXC060821 is 2,292 bp and contains three overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). A comparison of the complete sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of GXC060821 with 31 other published chicken anemia virus sequences showed that the homologies of the nucleotides are 96.1% to 98.5% and the homologies of the deduced amino acid sequences are 89.8% to 94.2%. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that GXC060821 is closely related to the two Chinese strains, TJBD40 (accession no. AY843527) and LF4 (accession no. AY839944), and it has a distant relationship with the American isolate 98D06073 (accession no. AF311900). This report will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of chicken anemia virus in a Guangxi Sanhuang chicken.
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