1
|
Baum C, Jaffe M, Palm L, Kumar A, Simon J. Optical mode conversion via spatiotemporally modulated atomic susceptibility. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:528-535. [PMID: 36606989 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light is an excellent medium for both classical and quantum information transmission due to its speed, manipulability, and abundant degrees of freedom into which to encode information. Recently, space-division multiplexing has gained attention as a means to substantially increase the rate of information transfer by utilizing sets of infinite-dimensional propagation eigenmodes such as the Laguerre-Gaussian "donut" modes. Encoding in these high-dimensional spaces necessitates devices capable of manipulating photonic degrees of freedom with high efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate controlling the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample can be used as powerful tool for manipulating the degrees of freedom of light that pass through the sample. Utilizing this tool, we demonstrate photonic mode conversion between two Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a twisted optical cavity with high efficiency. We spatiotemporally modulate the optical susceptibility of an atomic sample that sits at the cavity waist using an auxiliary Stark-shifting beam, in effect creating a mode-coupling optic that converts modes of orbital angular momentum l = 3 → l = 0. The internal conversion efficiency saturates near unity as a function of the atom number and modulation beam intensity, finding application in topological few-body state preparation, quantum communication, and potential development as a flexible tabletop device.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wan L, Haug T, Mok WK, Paesani S, Shi Y, Cai H, Chin LK, Karim MF, Xiao L, Luo X, Gao F, Dong B, Assad S, Kim MS, Laing A, Kwek LC, Liu AQ. Resource-efficient high-dimensional subspace teleportation with a quantum autoencoder. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9783. [PMID: 36206336 PMCID: PMC9544333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum autoencoders serve as efficient means for quantum data compression. Here, we propose and demonstrate their use to reduce resource costs for quantum teleportation of subspaces in high-dimensional systems. We use a quantum autoencoder in a compress-teleport-decompress manner and report the first demonstration with qutrits using an integrated photonic platform for future scalability. The key strategy is to compress the dimensionality of input states by erasing redundant information and recover the initial states after chip-to-chip teleportation. Unsupervised machine learning is applied to train the on-chip autoencoder, enabling the compression and teleportation of any state from a high-dimensional subspace. Unknown states are decompressed at a high fidelity (~0.971), obtaining a total teleportation fidelity of ~0.894. Subspace encodings hold great potential as they support enhanced noise robustness and increased coherence. Laying the groundwork for machine learning techniques in quantum systems, our scheme opens previously unidentified paths toward high-dimensional quantum computing and networking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lingxiao Wan
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tobias Haug
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Wai-Keong Mok
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Faeyz Karim
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Limin Xiao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianshu Luo
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Feng Gao
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Bin Dong
- Advanced Micro Foundry, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685 Singapore
| | - Syed Assad
- Department of Quantum Science, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - M. S. Kim
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW72AZ, UK
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Leong Chuan Kwek
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National Institute of Education, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616 Singapore
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Enhanced Bell state measurement for efficient measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using 3-dimensional quantum states. Sci Rep 2019; 9:687. [PMID: 30679489 PMCID: PMC6345763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an enhanced discrimination measurement for tripartite 3-dimensional entangled states in order to improve the discernible number of orthogonal entangled states. The scheme suggests 3-dimensional Bell state measurement by exploiting composite two 3-dimensional state measurement setups. The setup relies on state-of-the-art techniques, a multi-port interferometer and nondestructive photon number measurements that are used for the post-selection of suitable ensembles. With this scheme, the sifted signal rate of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using 3-dimensional quantum states is improved by up to a factor of three compared with that of the best existing setup.
Collapse
|
4
|
Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Photonic quantum information processing: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016001. [PMID: 30421725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stárek R, Miková M, Straka I, Dušek M, Ježek M, Fiurášek J, Mičuda M. Experimental realization of SWAP operation on hyper-encoded qubits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8443-8452. [PMID: 29715811 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-encoding enables storing several qubits in a single photon using its different degrees of freedom like polarization and spatial ones. This approach enables feasible implementation of multi-qubit operations. One of the basic manipulations of two or more qubits is to swap their quantum state. Here we report on feasible and stable experimental implementation of a deterministic single photon two-qubit SWAP gate that interchanges path and polarization qubits. We discuss the principle of its operation and give detailed information about experimental demonstration employing two Mach-Zehnder interferometers with one common arm. The gate characterization is done by full quantum process tomography using photons produced by heralded single-photon source. The achieved quantum process fidelity reached more than 0.94 with an effective phase uncertainty of the whole setup, evaluated by means of Allan deviation, below 2.5 deg for 2.5 h without any active stabilization. Our design provides a contribution to the hyper-encoded linear quantum optics toolbox.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Agnew M, Roger T, Roux FS, Konrad T, Faccio D, Leach J, Forbes A. Simultaneous entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Nat Commun 2017; 8:632. [PMID: 28935969 PMCID: PMC5608840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-bit-rate long-distance quantum communication is a proposed technology for future communication networks and relies on high-dimensional quantum entanglement as a core resource. While it is known that spatial modes of light provide an avenue for high-dimensional entanglement, the ability to transport such quantum states robustly over long distances remains challenging. To overcome this, entanglement swapping may be used to generate remote quantum correlations between particles that have not interacted; this is the core ingredient of a quantum repeater, akin to repeaters in optical fibre networks. Here we demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple orbital angular momentum states of light. Our approach does not distinguish between different anti-symmetric states, and thus entanglement swapping occurs for several thousand pairs of spatial light modes simultaneously. This work represents the first step towards a quantum network for high-dimensional entangled states and provides a test bed for fundamental tests of quantum science. Entanglement swapping in high dimensions requires large numbers of entangled photons and consequently suffers from low photon flux. Here the authors demonstrate entanglement swapping of multiple spatial modes of light simultaneously, without the need for increasing the photon numbers with dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Megan Agnew
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- IPaQS, SUPA, Heriot-Watt, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Filippus S Roux
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa.,National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Meiring Naude Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,National Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | | | | | - Andrew Forbes
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Roux FS, Konrad T, Agnew M, Leach J, Forbes A. Engineering two-photon high-dimensional states through quantum interference. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501165. [PMID: 26933685 PMCID: PMC4771439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many protocols in quantum science, for example, linear optical quantum computing, require access to large-scale entangled quantum states. Such systems can be realized through many-particle qubits, but this approach often suffers from scalability problems. An alternative strategy is to consider a lesser number of particles that exist in high-dimensional states. The spatial modes of light are one such candidate that provides access to high-dimensional quantum states, and thus they increase the storage and processing potential of quantum information systems. We demonstrate the controlled engineering of two-photon high-dimensional states entangled in their orbital angular momentum through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We prepare a large range of high-dimensional entangled states and implement precise quantum state filtering. We characterize the full quantum state before and after the filter, and are thus able to determine that only the antisymmetric component of the initial state remains. This work paves the way for high-dimensional processing and communication of multiphoton quantum states, for example, in teleportation beyond qubits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Filippus S. Roux
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Megan Agnew
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Multiplexed Millimeter Wave Communication with Dual Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Mode Antennas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10148. [PMID: 25988501 PMCID: PMC4437312 DOI: 10.1038/srep10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Communications using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of radio waves have attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, a novel millimeter-wave dual OAM mode antenna is cleverly designed, using which a 60 GHz wireless communication link with two separate OAM channels is experimentally demonstrated. The main body of the dual OAM antenna is a traveling-wave ring resonator using two feeding ports fed by a 90° hybrid coupler. A parabolic reflector is used to focus the beams. All the antenna components are fabricated by 3D printing technique and the electro-less copper plating surface treatment process. The performances of the antenna, such as S-parameters, near-fields, directivity, and isolation between the two OAM modes are measured. Experimental results show that this antenna can radiate two coaxially propagating OAM modes beams simultaneously. The multiplexing and de-multiplexing are easily realized in the antennas themselves. The two OAM mode channels have good isolation of more than 20 dB, thus ensuring the reliable transmission links at the same time.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Mclaren M, Roux FS, Forbes A. Simulating quantum state engineering in spontaneous parametric down-conversion using classical light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17039-17049. [PMID: 25090518 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method of simulating the effect of the pumping process in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) by modulating a classical laser beam with two spatial light modulators through a back projection setup. We simulate a wide range of pump beams for quantum state engineering and confirm that the results are in agreement with theory. Our approach offers high photon count rates, is quick to yield results and can easily be converted back to a SPDC setup. It is likely to be a useful tool before starting more complicated SPDC experiments with custom pump profiles.
Collapse
|
10
|
Goyal SK, Boukama-Dzoussi PE, Ghosh S, Roux FS, Konrad T. Qudit-teleportation for photons with linear optics. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4543. [PMID: 24686274 PMCID: PMC3971412 DOI: 10.1038/srep04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum Teleportation, the transfer of the state of one quantum system to another without direct interaction between both systems, is an important way to transmit information encoded in quantum states and to generate quantum correlations (entanglement) between remote quantum systems. So far, for photons, only superpositions of two distinguishable states (one “qubit”) could be teleported. Here we show how to teleport a “qudit”, i.e. a superposition of an arbitrary number d of distinguishable states present in the orbital angular momentum of a single photon using d beam splitters and d additional entangled photons. The same entanglement resource might also be employed to collectively teleport the state of d/2 photons at the cost of one additional entangled photon per qubit. This is superior to existing schemes for photonic qubits, which require an additional pair of entangled photons per qubit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Goyal
- 1] School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa [2] The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Patricia E Boukama-Dzoussi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sibasish Ghosh
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - Filippus S Roux
- CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- 1] School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa [2] National Institute of Theoretical Physics (NITheP), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|