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Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Zhang E, Li X. The Emerging Roles of Pellino Family in Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728794. [PMID: 35197966 PMCID: PMC8860249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pellino family is a novel and well-conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase family and consists of Pellino1, Pellino2, and Pellino3. Each family member exhibits a highly conserved structure providing ubiquitin ligase activity without abrogating cell and structure-specific function. In this review, we mainly summarized the crucial roles of the Pellino family in pattern recognition receptor-related signaling pathways: IL-1R signaling, Toll-like signaling, NOD-like signaling, T-cell and B-cell signaling, and cell death-related TNFR signaling. We also summarized the current information of the Pellino family in tumorigenesis, microRNAs, and other phenotypes. Finally, we discussed the outstanding questions of the Pellino family in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li,
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Eliáš S, Hurychová J, Toubarro D, Frias J, Kunc M, Dobeš P, Simões N, Hyršl P. Bioactive Excreted/Secreted Products of Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Inhibit the Phenoloxidase Activity during the Infection. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060353. [PMID: 32516962 PMCID: PMC7349556 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are efficient insect parasites, that are known for their mutualistic relationship with entomopathogenic bacteria and their use in biocontrol. EPNs produce bioactive molecules referred to as excreted/secreted products (ESPs), which have come to the forefront in recent years because of their role in the process of host invasion and the modulation of its immune response. In the present study, we confirmed the production of ESPs in the EPN Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and investigated their role in the modulation of the phenoloxidase cascade, one of the key components of the insect immune system. ESPs were isolated from 14- and 21-day-old infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora, which were found to be more virulent than newly emerged nematodes, as was confirmed by mortality assays using Galleria mellonella larvae. The isolated ESPs were further purified and screened for the phenoloxidase-inhibiting activity. In these products, a 38 kDa fraction of peptides was identified as the main candidate source of phenoloxidase-inhibiting compounds. This fraction was further analyzed by mass spectrometry and the de novo sequencing approach. Six peptide sequences were identified in this active ESP fraction, including proteins involved in ubiquitination and the regulation of a Toll pathway, for which a role in the regulation of insect immune response has been proposed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Eliáš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.E.); (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jana Hurychová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.E.); (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Duarte Toubarro
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus n° 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (D.T.); (J.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Jorge Frias
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus n° 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (D.T.); (J.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin Kunc
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.E.); (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Pavel Dobeš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.E.); (J.H.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.H.); Tel.: +420-549-49-3419 (P.D.); +420-549-49-4510 (P.H.)
| | - Nelson Simões
- CBA and Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus n° 13, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (D.T.); (J.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Pavel Hyršl
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.E.); (J.H.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.H.); Tel.: +420-549-49-3419 (P.D.); +420-549-49-4510 (P.H.)
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Tsoumtsa LL, Sougoufara S, Torre C, Lemichez E, Pontarotti P, Ghigo E. In silico analysis of Schmidtea mediterranea TIR domain-containing proteins. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:214-218. [PMID: 29746980 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While genetic evidence points towards an absence of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Platyhelminthes, the Toll/IL-1 Receptor (TIR)-domains that drive the assembly of signalling complexes downstream TLR are present in these organisms. Here, we undertook the characterisation of the repertoire of TIR-domain containing proteins in Schmidtea mediterranea in order to gain valuable information on TLR evolution in metazoan. We report the presence of twenty proteins containing between one and two TIR domains. In addition, our phylogenetic-based reconstruction approach identified Smed-SARM and Smed-MyD88 as conserved TLR adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Laure Tsoumtsa
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Seynabou Sougoufara
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Cedric Torre
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Pierre Pontarotti
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France; CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M UMR 7373, Equipe Evolution Biologique et Modélisation, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284, Marseille, France; CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Ghigo
- CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402, Marseille, France; CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, APHM, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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