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Zhang W, Xu R, Chen J, Xiong H, Wang Y, Pang B, Du G, Kang Z. Advances and challenges in biotechnological production of chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126551. [PMID: 37659488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and has critical physiological functions. CS is widely applied in medical and clinical fields. Currently, the supply of CS relies on traditional animal tissue extraction methods. From the perspective of medical applications, the biggest drawback of animal-derived CS is its uncontrollable molecular weight and sulfonated patterns, which are key factors affecting CS activities. The advances of cell-free enzyme catalyzed systems and de novo biosynthesis strategies have paved the way to rationally regulate CS sulfonated pattern and molecular weight. In this review, we first present a general overview of biosynthesized CS and its oligosaccharides. Then, the advances in chondroitin biosynthesis, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthesis and regeneration, and CS biosynthesis catalyzed by sulfotransferases are discussed. Moreover, the progress of mining and expression of chondroitin depolymerizing enzymes for preparation of CS oligosaccharides is also summarized. Finally, we analyze and discuss the challenges faced in synthesizing CS and its oligosaccharides using microbial and enzymatic methods. In summary, the biotechnological production of CS and its oligosaccharides is a promising method in addressing the drawbacks associated with animal-derived CS and enabling the production of CS oligosaccharides with defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Bo Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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2
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Leong SX, Kao YC, Han X, Poh ZW, Chen JRT, Tan EX, Leong YX, Lee YH, Teo WX, Yip GW, Lam Y, Ling XY. Achieving Molecular Recognition of Structural Analogues in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Inducing Charge and Geometry Complementarity to Mimic Molecular Docking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309610. [PMID: 37675645 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition of complex isomeric biomolecules remains challenging in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy due to their small Raman cross-sections and/or poor surface affinities. To date, the use of molecular probes has achieved excellent molecular sensitivities but still suffers from poor spectral specificity. Here, we induce "charge and geometry complementarity" between probe and analyte as a key strategy to achieve high spectral specificity for effective SERS molecular recognition of structural analogues. We employ 4-mercaptopyridine (MPY) as the probe, and chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides with isomeric sulfation patterns as our proof-of-concept study. Our experimental and in silico studies reveal that "charge and geometry complementarity" between MPY's binding pocket and the CS sulfation patterns drives the formation of site-specific, multidentate interactions at the respective CS isomerism sites, which "locks" each CS in its analogue-specific complex geometry, akin to molecular docking events. Leveraging the resultant spectral fingerprints, we achieve > 97 % classification accuracy for 4 CSs and 5 potential structural interferences, as well as attain multiplex CS quantification with < 3 % prediction error. These insights could enable practical SERS differentiation of biologically important isomers to meet the burgeoning demand for fast-responding applications across various fields such as biodiagnostics, food and environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xuan Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ya-Chuan Kao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhong Wei Poh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Ru Ting Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Emily Xi Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Teo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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3
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Shen Q, Guo Y, Wang K, Zhang C, Ma Y. A Review of Chondroitin Sulfate's Preparation, Properties, Functions, and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:7093. [PMID: 37894574 PMCID: PMC10609508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a natural macromolecule polysaccharide that is extensively distributed in a wide variety of organisms. CS is of great interest to researchers due to its many in vitro and in vivo functions. CS production derives from a diverse number of sources, including but not limited to extraction from various animals or fish, bio-synthesis, and fermentation, and its purity and homogeneity can vary greatly. The structural diversity of CS with respect to sulfation and saccharide content endows this molecule with distinct complexity, allowing for functional modification. These multiple functions contribute to the application of CS in medicines, biomaterials, and functional foods. In this article, we discuss the preparation of CS from different sources, the structure of various forms of CS, and its binding to other relevant molecules. Moreover, for the creation of this article, the functions and applications of CS were reviewed, with an emphasis on drug discovery, hydrogel formation, delivery systems, and food supplements. We conclude that analyzing some perspectives on structural modifications and preparation methods could potentially influence future applications of CS in medical and biomaterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Shen
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Changjiang Road 80, Nanyang 473004, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Changjiang Road 80, Nanyang 473004, China
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Hua SH, Viera M, Yip GW, Bay BH. Theranostic Applications of Glycosaminoglycans in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010266. [PMID: 36612261 PMCID: PMC9818616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up the majority of kidney cancers, with a poor prognosis for metastatic RCC (mRCC). Challenges faced in the management of mRCC, include a lack of reliable prognostic markers and biomarkers for precise monitoring of disease treatment, together with the potential risk of toxicity associated with more recent therapeutic options. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of carbohydrates that can be categorized into four main subclasses, viz., chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate. GAGs are known to be closely associated with cancer progression and modulation of metastasis by modification of the tumor microenvironment. Alterations of expression, composition and spatiotemporal distribution of GAGs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), dysregulate ECM functions and drive cancer invasion. In this review, we focus on the clinical utility of GAGs as biomarkers for mRCC (which is important for risk stratification and strategizing effective treatment protocols), as well as potential therapeutic targets that could benefit patients afflicted with advanced RCC. Besides GAG-targeted therapies that holds promise in mRCC, other potential strategies include utilizing GAGs as drug carriers and their mimetics to counter cancer progression, and enhance immunotherapy through binding and transducing signals for immune mediators.
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Yang S, Zhang GY, Zhang JY, Li TQ, Zhao ZH, Wang YH, Lei PS. Total synthesis of chondroitin sulfate E oligosaccharides and biological study. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36409210 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2146583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A total synthesis approach of CS-E oligosaccharides was established and a series of derivatives were synthesized. These oligosaccharides were evaluated for a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding protein interaction against cytokines, midkine, and pleiotrophin, by surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The binding epitopes of oligosaccharides to midkine were mapped using a saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR technique. The groups on the reducing end contributed to binding affinity, and should not be ignored in biological assays. These findings contribute to the structure and activity relationship research and a foundation of understanding that will underpin potential future optimization of this class of oligosaccharides as pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guang-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tian-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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Ramarajan MG, Saraswat M, Budhraja R, Garapati K, Raymond K, Pandey A. Mass spectrometric analysis of chondroitin sulfate-linked peptides. JOURNAL OF PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 13:187-203. [PMID: 36213313 PMCID: PMC9526814 DOI: 10.1007/s42485-022-00092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix components composed of linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached to a core protein. CSPGs play a vital role in neurodevelopment, signal transduction, cellular proliferation and differentiation and tumor metastasis through interaction with growth factors and signaling proteins. These pleiotropic functions of proteoglycans are regulated spatiotemporally by the GAG chains attached to the core protein. There are over 70 chondroitin sulfate-linked proteoglycans reported in cells, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. A core glycan linker of 3-6 monosaccharides attached to specific serine residues can be extended by 20-200 disaccharide repeating units making intact CSPGs very large and impractical to analyze. The current paradigm of CSPG analysis involves digesting the GAG chains by chondroitinase enzymes and analyzing either the protein part, the disaccharide repeats, or both by mass spectrometry. This method, however, provides no information about the site of attachment or the composition of linker oligosaccharides and the degree of sulfation and/or phosphorylation. Further, the analysis by mass spectrometry and subsequent identification of novel CSPGs is hampered by technical challenges in their isolation, less optimal ionization and data analysis. Unknown identity of the linker oligosaccharide also makes it more difficult to identify the glycan composition using database searching approaches. Following chondroitinase digestion of long GAG chains linked to tryptic peptides, we identified intact GAG-linked peptides in clinically relevant samples including plasma, urine and dermal fibroblasts. These intact glycopeptides including their core linker glycans were identified by mass spectrometry using optimized stepped higher energy collision dissociation and electron-transfer/higher energy collision dissociation combined with hybrid database search/de novo glycan composition search. We identified 25 CSPGs including three novel CSPGs that have not been described earlier. Our findings demonstrate the utility of combining enrichment strategies and optimized high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis including alternative fragmentation methods for the characterization of CSPGs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42485-022-00092-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 029 India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Kishore Garapati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 029 India
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Leong SX, Leong YX, Koh CSL, Tan EX, Nguyen LBT, Chen JRT, Chong C, Pang DWC, Sim HYF, Liang X, Tan NS, Ling XY. Emerging nanosensor platforms and machine learning strategies toward rapid, point-of-need small-molecule metabolite detection and monitoring. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11009-11029. [PMID: 36320477 PMCID: PMC9516957 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Speedy, point-of-need detection and monitoring of small-molecule metabolites are vital across diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to agri-food and environmental surveillance. Nanomaterial-based sensor (nanosensor) platforms are rapidly emerging as excellent candidates for versatile and ultrasensitive detection owing to their highly configurable optical, electrical and electrochemical properties, fast readout, as well as portability and ease of use. To translate nanosensor technologies for real-world applications, key challenges to overcome include ultralow analyte concentration down to ppb or nM levels, complex sample matrices with numerous interfering species, difficulty in differentiating isomers and structural analogues, as well as complex, multidimensional datasets of high sample variability. In this Perspective, we focus on contemporary and emerging strategies to address the aforementioned challenges and enhance nanosensor detection performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and multiplexing capability. We outline 3 main concepts: (1) customization of designer nanosensor platform configurations via chemical- and physical-based modification strategies, (2) development of hybrid techniques including multimodal and hyphenated techniques, and (3) synergistic use of machine learning such as clustering, classification and regression algorithms for data exploration and predictions. These concepts can be further integrated as multifaceted strategies to further boost nanosensor performances. Finally, we present a critical outlook that explores future opportunities toward the design of next-generation nanosensor platforms for rapid, point-of-need detection of various small-molecule metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xuan Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Yong Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Emily Xi Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Lam Bang Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Ru Ting Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Carice Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Desmond Wei Cheng Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Xiaochen Liang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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Urbi Z, Azmi NS, Ming LC, Hossain MS. A Concise Review of Extraction and Characterization of Chondroitin Sulphate from Fish and Fish Wastes for Pharmacological Application. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3905-3922. [PMID: 36135180 PMCID: PMC9497668 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate (CS) is one of the most predominant glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) available in the extracellular matrix of tissues. It has many health benefits, including relief from osteoarthritis, antiviral properties, tissue engineering applications, and use in skin care, which have increased its commercial demand in recent years. The quest for CS sources exponentially increased due to several shortcomings of porcine, bovine, and other animal sources. Fish and fish wastes (i.e., fins, scales, skeleton, bone, and cartilage) are suitable sources of CS as they are low cost, easy to handle, and readily available. However, the lack of a standard isolation and characterization technique makes CS production challenging, particularly concerning the yield of pure GAGs. Many studies imply that enzyme-based extraction is more effective than chemical extraction. Critical evaluation of the existing extraction, isolation, and characterization techniques is crucial for establishing an optimized protocol of CS production from fish sources. The current techniques depend on tissue hydrolysis, protein removal, and purification. Therefore, this study critically evaluated and discussed the extraction, isolation, and characterization methods of CS from fish or fish wastes. Biosynthesis and pharmacological applications of CS were also critically reviewed and discussed. Our assessment suggests that CS could be a potential drug candidate; however, clinical studies should be conducted to warrant its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannat Urbi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
| | - Nina Suhaity Azmi
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.S.A.); (M.S.H.); Tel.: +60-12798-0497 (N.S.A.); +60-116960-9649 (M.S.H.)
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail 1900, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (N.S.A.); (M.S.H.); Tel.: +60-12798-0497 (N.S.A.); +60-116960-9649 (M.S.H.)
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Zhang W, Xu R, Jin X, Wang Y, Hu L, Zhang T, Du G, Kang Z. Enzymatic Production of Chondroitin Oligosaccharides and Its Sulfate Derivatives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:951740. [PMID: 35910011 PMCID: PMC9326237 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.951740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has a wide range of physiological functions and clinical applications. However, the biosynthesis of chondroitin oligosaccharides (o-CHs) and sulfate derivatives with specific length is always challenging. Herein, we report enzymatic strategies for producing homogeneous o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives from microbial sourced chondroitin. Chondroitin disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, and decasaccharides with defined structure were produced by controllably depolymerizing microbial sourced chondroitin with an engineered chondroitinase ABC I. The highest conversion rates of the above corresponding o-CHs were 65.5%, 32.1%, 12.7%, 7.2%, and 16.3%, respectively. A new efficient enzymatic sulfation system that directly initiates from adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and sulfate was developed and improved the sulfation of chondroitin from 8.3% to 85.8% by optimizing the temperature, sulfate and ATP concentration. o-CHs decasaccharide, octasaccharide, hexasaccharide, tetrasaccharide and disaccharide were modified and the corresponding sulfate derivatives with one sulfate group were prepared. The enzymatic approaches constructed here for preparing o-CHs and its sulfate derivatives pave the way for the study of structure-activity relationship and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuerong Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Guocheng Du, ; Zhen Kang,
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Hénault J, Quellier P, Mock-Joubert M, Le Narvor C, Alix A, Bonnaffé D. Regioselective Reductive Opening of Benzylidene Acetals with Dichlorophenylborane/Triethylsilane: Previously Unreported Side Reactions and How to Prevent Them. J Org Chem 2022; 87:963-973. [PMID: 35015527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arylidene acetals are widely used protecting groups, because of not only the high regioselectivity of their introduction but also the possibility of performing further regioselective reductive opening in the presence of a hydride donor and an acid catalyst. In this context, the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 system presents several advantages: silanes are efficient, environmentally benign, and user-friendly hydride donors, while PhBCl2 opens the way to unique regioselectivity with regard to all other Brønsted or Lewis acids used with silanes. This system has been extensively used by several groups, and we have demonstrated its high regioselectivity in the reductive opening of 4,6- and 2,4-O-p-methoxybenzylidene moieties in protected disaccharides. Surprisingly, its use on 4,6-O-benzylidene-containing substrates 1 and 2 led to unreproducible yields due to the unexpected formation of several side products. Their characterizations allowed us to identify different pitfalls potentially affecting the outcome of reductive opening of arylidenes with the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 reagent system: alkene hydroboration, azide reduction, and/or Lewis acid-promoted cleavage of the arylidene. With this knowledge, we optimized reproducible and high-yielding reaction conditions that secure and extend the scope of the Et3SiH/PhBCl2 system as a reagent for the regioselective opening of arylidenes in complex and multifunctional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Hénault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Quellier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maxime Mock-Joubert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christine Le Narvor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélien Alix
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Bonnaffé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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11
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Wu R, Li P, Wang Y, Su N, Xiao M, Li X, Shang N. Structural analysis and anti-cancer activity of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate from hybrid sturgeon cartilage. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118700. [PMID: 34742426 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (CS) has attracted widespread attention due to its better bioavailability and bioactivity than native CS. In this study, a low-molecular-weight CS (named SCS-F2) was prepared from hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii × Huso dauricus) cartilage by enzymatic depolymerization with high in vitro absorption and anti-cancer activity. The structure of SCS-F2 was characterized and the in vivo biodistribution and colorectal cancer prevention effect was investigated. The results revealed that SCS-F2 consisted of 48.84% ΔDi-6S [GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(6S)], 32.11% ΔDi-4S [GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc(4S)], 16.05% ΔDi-2S,6S [GlcUA(2S)β1-3GalNAc(6S)] and 3.0% ΔDi-0S [GlcUAβ1-3GalNAc]. Animal study showed that the SCS-F2 could be effectively absorbed and delivered to the tumor site and significantly prevented the growth of HT-29 xenograft by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis without showing any negative effect to normal tissues. Therefore, SCS-F2 could be developed as a potential nutraceutical to protect against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Pinglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Nan Su
- MOE Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Yangzhou Borui Saccharide Biotech Co., Ltd, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Li X, Wang D, Zhang P, Yu G, Cai C. Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis of Marine Acidic Carbohydrates. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201230120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ocean supplies abundant active compounds, including small organic molecules,
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, with diverse biological functions. The high-value
transformation of marine carbohydrates primarily refers to their pharmaceutical, food, and
cosmetic applications. However, it is still a big challenge to obtain these marine carbohydrates
in well-defined structures. Synthesis is a powerful approach to access marine oligosaccharides,
polysaccharide derivatives, and glycomimetics. In this review, we focus on the
chemical synthesis of marine acidic carbohydrates with uronic acid building blocks such as
alginate, and glycosaminoglycans. Regioselective sulfation using a chemical approach is also
highlighted in the synthesis of marine oligosaccharides, as well as the multivalent glycodendrimers
and glycopolymers for achieving specific functions. This review summarizes recent
advances in the synthesis of marine acidic carbohydrates, as well as their preliminary structure activity relationship
(SAR) studies, which establishes a foundation for the development of novel marine carbohydrate-based drugs and
functional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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13
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Bilal M, Qindeel M, Nunes LV, Duarte MTS, Ferreira LFR, Soriano RN, Iqbal HMN. Marine-Derived Biologically Active Compounds for the Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mar Drugs 2020; 19:10. [PMID: 33383638 PMCID: PMC7823916 DOI: 10.3390/md19010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence rate of up to 1% and is significantly considered a common worldwide public health concern. Commercially, several traditional formulations are available to treat RA to some extent. However, these synthetic compounds exert toxicity and considerable side effects even at lower therapeutic concentrations. Considering the above-mentioned critiques, research is underway around the world in finding and exploiting potential alternatives. For instance, marine-derived biologically active compounds have gained much interest and are thus being extensively utilized to confront the confines of in practice counterparts, which have become ineffective for 21st-century medical settings. The utilization of naturally available bioactive compounds and their derivatives can minimize these synthetic compounds' problems to treat RA. Several marine-derived compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can be effectively used for therapeutic purposes against RA. The results of several studies ensured that the extraction of biologically active compounds from marine sources could provide a new and safe source for drug development against RA. Finally, current challenges, gaps, and future perspectives have been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Maimoona Qindeel
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Leonardo Vieira Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG 36036-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil;
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju-Sergipe 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares-MG 35010-180, Brazil;
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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14
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Mohamed HT, Untereiner V, Cinque G, Ibrahim SA, Götte M, Nguyen NQ, Rivet R, Sockalingum GD, Brézillon S. Infrared Microspectroscopy and Imaging Analysis of Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells and Their GAG Secretome. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184300. [PMID: 32961706 PMCID: PMC7570935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PGs) play a pivotal role in the metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). They represent biomarkers and targets in diagnosis and treatment of different cancers including breast cancer. Thus, GAGs/PGs could represent potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers for IBC. In the present study, non-IBC MDA-MB-231, MCF7, SKBR3 cells and IBC SUM149 cells, as well as their GAG secretome were analyzed. The latter was measured in toto as dried drops with high-throughput (HT) Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and imaging. FTIR imaging was also employed to investigate single whole breast cancer cells while synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy was used to specifically target their cytoplasms. Data were analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Results obtained from HT-FTIR analysis of GAG drops showed that the inter-group variability enabled us to delineate between cell types in the GAG absorption range 1350–800 cm−1. Similar results were obtained for FTIR imaging of GAG extracts and fixed single whole cells. Synchrotron-FTIR data from cytoplasms allowed discrimination between non-IBC and IBC. Thus, by using GAG specific region, not only different breast cancer cell lines could be differentiated, but also non-IBC from IBC cells. This could be a potential diagnostic spectral marker for IBC detection useful for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (H.T.M.); (R.R.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire—MEDyC, 51097 Reims, France
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Gianfelice Cinque
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (G.C.); (N.Q.N.)
| | | | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Nguyet Que Nguyen
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE, UK; (G.C.); (N.Q.N.)
| | - Romain Rivet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (H.T.M.); (R.R.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire—MEDyC, 51097 Reims, France
| | | | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (H.T.M.); (R.R.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire—MEDyC, 51097 Reims, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-326913734
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15
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Electro‐Stimulation, a Promising Therapeutic Treatment Modality for Tissue Repair: Emerging Roles of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Electro‐Regulatory Mediators of Intrinsic Repair Processes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff Wales CF10 3AX UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Royal North Shore Hospital St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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16
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Ji Y, Zhang S, Qiao M, Jiao R, Li J, Song P, Zhang X, Huang H. Synthesis of structurally defined chondroitin sulfate: Paving the way to the structure-activity relationship studies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116796. [PMID: 32919534 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is one of the major and widespread glycosaminoglycans, a family of structurally complex, linear, anionic hetero-co-polysaccharides. CS plays a vital role in various normal physiological and pathological processes, thus, showing varieties of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, and insignificant immunogenicity. However, the heterogeneity of the naturally occurring CS potentially leads to function unspecific and limits further structure-activity relationship studies. Therefore, the synthesis of CS with well-defined and uniform chain lengths is of major interest for the development of reliable drugs. In this review, we examine the remarkable progress that has been made in the chemical, enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of CS and its derivatives, providing a broad spectrum of options to access CS of well controlled chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoyu Jiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Ding Y, Vara Prasad CVNS, Wang B. Glycosylation on Unprotected or Partially Protected Acceptors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yili Ding
- Life Science Department; Foshan University; 528000 Foshan Guangdong China
| | | | - Bingyun Wang
- Life Science Department; Foshan University; 528000 Foshan Guangdong China
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18
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Wang Y, Li S, Xu X, Tan Y, Liu XW, Fang J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous chondroitin polymers and its derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115822. [PMID: 31952617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate is a linear glycosaminoglycan widely distributed as an important extracellular matrix component of mammalian cells. It participates in numerous pathological processes, however, illustration of its diverse biological roles is hampered by the unavailability of structurally defined chondroitin polymers and their derivatives. Herein, we report a novel homogeneous chondroitin polymers synthetic strategy which combines stepwise oligosaccharides synthesis with one-pot homogeneous chondroitin chain polymerization. Exogenous trisaccharide was proved to be the necessary acceptor for PmCS-catalyzed homogeneous chondroitin polymers synthetic reactions. The strategy exhibited a well-controlled relationship between the final sugar chain length and the molar ratios of reaction substrates that could synthesize homogenous chondroitin polymers with unprecedented narrow molecular weight distribution. More importantly, the strategy was further expanded to synthesis of unnatural zwitterionic and N-sulfonated chondroitin polymers by incorporation of sugar nucleotide derivatives into the synthetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Sulfated modification of arabinogalactans from Larix principis-rupprechtii and their antitumor activities. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:207-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Vessella G, Traboni S, Cimini D, Iadonisi A, Schiraldi C, Bedini E. Development of Semisynthetic, Regioselective Pathways for Accessing the Missing Sulfation Patterns of Chondroitin Sulfate. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3021-3030. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vessella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte
S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte
S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via de Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte
S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via de Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte
S.Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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21
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Chng YS, Tristan G, Yip GW, Lam Y. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Chondroitin 6-Sulfate Disaccharide and Tetrasaccharide. Org Lett 2019; 21:4559-4562. [PMID: 31179707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS-C) is an important glycosaminoglycan that regulates many physiological functions including the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. To understand its mechanism of action at the molecular level, CS-C molecules of defined length are required. A protecting group-free synthesis of CS-C disaccharide and tetrasaccharide from the CS-A polymer that involves only three steps and furnishes CS-O disaccharide and tetrasaccharide as intermediates is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sheng Chng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS) , 21 Lower Kent Ridge , Singapore 119077
| | - Geordi Tristan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 4 Medical Drive, Block MD10 , Singapore 117594
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS) , 21 Lower Kent Ridge , Singapore 119077
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22
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Rani A, Rajulapati V, Goyal A. Antitumor effect of chondroitin AC lyase (PsPL8A) from Pedobacter saltans on melanoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines by in vitro analysis. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Rani A, Baruah R, Goyal A. Prebiotic Chondroitin Sulfate Disaccharide Isolated from Chicken Keel Bone Exhibiting Anticancer Potential Against Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:825-839. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1521446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rwivoo Baruah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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24
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Yao W, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Sha M, Meng X, Li Z. Semisynthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate E Tetrasaccharide from Hyaluronic Acid. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14069-14077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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25
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Eradi P, Ghosh S, Andreana PR. Total Synthesis of Zwitterionic Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 Capsular Polysaccharide PS A1 with Alternating Charges on Adjacent Monosaccharides. Org Lett 2018; 20:4526-4530. [PMID: 30015493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tetrasaccharide repeating unit of zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 has been synthesized using a linear glycosylation approach. One key step includes an α(1,4)-stereoselective [2 + 1] glycosylation of a 2,4,6-trideoxy-2-acetamido-4-amino-d-Gal p (AAT) donor with a poorly reactive axial C4-OH disaccharide acceptor. Mild acid-mediated deacetylation and a challenging [3 + 1] glycosylation are also highlighted. The strategy is inclusive of a single-pot, three-step deprotection affording PS A1 with alternating charges on adjacent monosaccharide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradheep Eradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Samir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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26
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Leung AWY, Backstrom I, Bally MB. Sulfonation, an underexploited area: from skeletal development to infectious diseases and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55811-55827. [PMID: 27322429 PMCID: PMC5342455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonation is one of the most abundant cellular reactions modifying a wide range of xenobiotics as well as endogenous molecules which regulate important biological processes including blood clotting, formation of connective tissues, and functionality of secreted proteins, hormones, and signaling molecules. Sulfonation is ubiquitous in all tissues and widespread in nature (plants, animals, and microorganisms). Although sulfoconjugates were discovered over a century ago when, in 1875, Baumann isolated phenyl sulfate in the urine of a patient given phenol as an antiseptic, the significance of sulfonation and its roles in human diseases have been underappreciated until recent years. Here, we provide a current overview of the significance of sulfonation reactions in a variety of biological functions and medical conditions (with emphasis on cancer). We also discuss research areas that warrant further attention if we are to fully understand how deficiencies in sulfonation could impact human health which, in turn, could help define treatments to effect improvements in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada W. Y. Leung
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Backstrom
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Han W, Li Q, Lv Y, Wang Q, Zhao X. Preparation and structural characterization of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated chondroitin sulfate. Carbohydr Res 2018; 460:8-13. [PMID: 29476992 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The sulfation pattern plays a crucial role in chondroitin sulfate (CS) biological activity, and preparation of CS with defined structure is essential for accurate pharmacological study. In this study, we focused on the preparation of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS derived from porcine, employing a dimethyl sulfoxide-methanol (DMSO-MeOH) method and an N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) -trifluoroacetamide (MTSTFA) method CS, respectively. Results showed that the sulfate at C4 position (4-O-S) of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was selectively removed by the DMSO-MeOH method, and the sulfate at C6 position (6-O-S) of GalNAc was selectively removed by the MTSTFA method. Structures of desulfated CS were characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR and disaccharide composition analysis. The preparations of regioselective 4-O/6-O-desulfated CS are powerful for the study of structure-activity relationship of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quancai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youjing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - QingChi Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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A review of chemical methods for the selective sulfation and desulfation of polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1224-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Antia IU, Yagnik DR, Pantoja Munoz L, Shah AJ, Hills FA. Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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TPX2 promotes migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:1064-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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