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Zhang T, Cai R, Sun C. Light and polyphosphate kinase 2 cooperatively regulate the production of zero-valent sulfur in a deep-sea bacterium. mSystems 2025:e0047325. [PMID: 40377319 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00473-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
It is well established that different wavelengths of light exist in various deep-sea environments, and many deep-sea microorganisms have evolved specialized mechanisms for sensing and utilizing light energy. Our previous research found that blue light promotes zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) production in Erythrobacter flavus 21-3, a bacterium isolated from a deep-sea cold seep. Given that long-wavelength light is more prevalent in deep-sea environments, the present study investigates the mechanism by which E. flavus 21-3 senses infrared light (wavelength 940 nm) and regulates ZVS production. We found that the bacteriophytochrome BPHP-15570 is responsible for sensing infrared light, which induces autophosphorylation of BPHP-15570, activating the diguanylate cyclase DGC-0450 for c-di-GMP biosynthesis. Subsequently, the PilZ domain-containing protein mPilZ-1753 binds to c-di-GMP, triggering a well-established ZVS production pathway involving thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) and two homologs of thiosulfohydrolases (SoxB). Notably, polyphosphate kinase 2 (PPK2) is recruited to compete for GTP, the direct precursor of c-di-GMP biosynthesis. This competition downregulates ZVS production as well as other important metabolic processes. This negative regulatory pathway helps the bacterium avoid excessive ZVS accumulation, which could be toxic to bacterial growth. Overall, E. flavus 21-3 has evolved a sophisticated regulatory pathway to sense both blue and infrared light, triggering ZVS production. Our study provides a valuable model for understanding light utilization and its coupling with sulfur cycling in deep-sea environments.IMPORTANCEIt is widely believed that deep-sea ecosystems operate independently of light, relying primarily on chemical energy. However, the discovery of non-photosynthetic bacteria in various deep-sea environments that can sense and utilize light has challenged this assumption. In a recent study, we found that blue light significantly promotes the production of zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) in the deep-sea bacterium Erythrobacter flavus 21-3. Given that long-wavelength light is more prevalent in deep-sea environments, we investigated whether infrared light also plays a role in regulating ZVS production in E. flavus 21-3. Our results indicate that infrared light does promote ZVS formation in this bacterium. We identified PPK2 as a negative regulator, maintaining intracellular ZVS at safe levels to prevent toxicity due to excessive accumulation. Overall, our study offers a valuable model for exploring how light is utilized and its interaction with microbial sulfur cycling in the extreme conditions of the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruining Cai
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Chen J, Chen R, Cheong KL, Wang Z, Li R, Jia X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Song B, Zhong S. Whole genome sequencing of a novel carrageenan-degrading bacterium Photobacterium rosenbergii and oligosaccharide preparation. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1519074. [PMID: 39916857 PMCID: PMC11800591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1519074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carrageenan oligosaccharides are of significant interest due to their diverse bioactivities, necessitating efficient methods for their production. To this day, the discovery and isolation of microorganisms capable of effectively degrading carrageenan is still crucial for the production of carrageenan oligosaccharides. In addition, there are no current reports of bacteria of the genus Photobacterium capable of secreting κ-carrageenanase or degrading carrageenan. Methods In the current study, strain GDSX-4 was obtained from Gracilaria coronopifolia after enrichment culture, primary screening and rescreening and was initially characterized by morphology and 16SrDNA. The pure culture of strain GDSX-4 was further subjected to bacterial genome sequencing assembly and bioinformatic analysis. Specifically, homology group cluster (COG) annotation, CAZy (carbohydrate-active enzyme) database annotation and CAZyme genome clusters (CGCs) annotation were utilized to identify potential polysaccharide degradation functions. Enzymatic activity was assessed under different conditions, including substrate, temperature, pH, and the presence of metal ions. Hydrolysis products were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Results Photobacterium rosenbergii GDSX-4 is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the red algae, capable of degrading several polysaccharides. The draft genome was predicted to have 6,407,375 bp, 47.55% G+C content and 6,749 genes. Among them, 214 genes encoding carbohydrate enzymes were annotated, including carrageenase, agarose, alginate lyase, and chitinase. GDSX-4 exhibited remarkable carrageenan-degrading activity, with a specific enzyme activity of 46.94 U/mg. Optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined to be 40°C and pH 7.0, with the enzyme retaining 80% of its activity below 30°C and across a pH range of 4.0-10.0. Metal ions such as as K+, Na+, and Ba2+ enhanced enzymatic activity, while Ni2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ had inhibitory effects. kappa-carrageenan was totally hydrolyzed into oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization ranging from 2 to 6. Discussion These findings highlight the potential of GDSX-4 for the efficient production of carrageenan oligosaccharides, paving the way for applications in the food and agricultural industries. Future studies may focus on the efficient expression of κ-carrageenase and expand its industrial application in the preparation of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Runmin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Huang Y, Hirose T, Tsai JM, Hirasaka K. The Effects of Agaro-Oligosaccharides Produced by Marine Bacteria ( Rheinheimera sp. (HY)) Possessing Agarose-Degrading Enzymes on Myotube Function. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:515. [PMID: 39590795 PMCID: PMC11595872 DOI: 10.3390/md22110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Agarase and its metabolites are reported to have applications in a variety of fields, but there have been few studies of the effects of agaro-oligosaccharide hydrolysate on muscle function. In this study, we analyzed the functionality of agarase and its metabolites in bacteria isolated from seawater. A bacterium with agar-degrading activity was isolated from Shimabara, Nagasaki, Japan. Through 16S rRNA sequence alignment, it was identified as being closely related to Rheinheimera sp. WMF-1 and was provisionally named Rheinheimera sp. (HY). Crude enzymes derived from this bacterium demonstrated an ability to hydrolyze various polysaccharides, including agar, agarose, and starch, with the highest specificity observed for agarose. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 10 and 50 °C. A glycoside bond specificity analysis of enzymatic activity indicated the cleavage of the α-linkage. Next, we investigated the functional effects of agaro-oligosaccharides on C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with 10-30 kDa oligosaccharides significantly increased the hypertrophy rate, diameter, and expression of myosin heavy-chain genes in C2C12 myotubes. These results indicate that the agaro-oligosaccharides produced by the enzymes identified in this study improve muscle mass, suggesting their potential contribution to muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshi Huang
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (Y.H.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
| | - Takuya Hirose
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Jyh-Ming Tsai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan; (Y.H.)
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan
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Zeb A, Khan Y, He H, Zhang D, Shen S. Molecular identification of Halomonas AZ07 and its multifunctional enzymatic activities to degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature condition. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:816. [PMID: 39012539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyropia yezoensis a commercially important red seaweed species, is susceptible to various microorganisms infections, among which bacterial infections are the most prominent ones. Pyropia yezoensis is often affected by harmful bacterial communities under high temperatures that can lead to its degradation and economic losses. The current study aimed to explore Pyropia yezoensis-associated microbiota and further identify potential isolates, which can degrade Pyropia yezoensis under high-temperature conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the agarolytic bacterial species. The results showed that Chromohalobacter sp. strain AZ6, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain AZ, Psychrobacter sp. strain AZ3, Vibrio sp. strain AZ, and Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 exhibited algicidal properties as these strains were more abundant at high temperature (25 °C). Among the five isolated strains, the potential isolate Halomonas sp. strain AZ07 showed high production of agarolytic enzymes, including lipase, protease, cellulase, and amylase. This study confirmed that the isolated strain could produce these four different enzymes. The strain Halomonas AZ07 was co-treated with Pyropia yezoensis cells under two different temperature environments, including 13 °C and 25 °C. The degradation of Pyropia yezoensis occurred at the optimum temperature of 25 °C and effectively degraded their cell wall, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. CONCLUSION The successful cultivation of Pyropia yezoensis in coastal farm environments is dependent on specific temperature and environmental factors, and lower temperatures have been observed to be particularly beneficial for the survival and growth of Pyropia yezoensis. The temperature below 13 °C was confirmed to be the best niche for the symbiotic relationship of microbiota associated with Pyropia yezoensis for its growth, development, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurang Zeb
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Dongren Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Songdong Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Radzlin N, Mohamad Ali MS, Goh KM, Yaakop AS, Zakaria II, Kahar UM. Exploring a novel GH13_5 α-amylase from Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis D5 T for raw starch hydrolysis. AMB Express 2024; 14:71. [PMID: 38874807 PMCID: PMC11178733 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase plays a crucial role in the industrial degradation of starch. The genus Jeotgalibacillus of the underexplored marine bacteria family Caryophanaceae has not been investigated in terms of α-amylase production. Herein, we report the comprehensive analysis of an α-amylase (AmyJM) from Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis D5T (= DSM28777T = KCTC33550T). Protein phylogenetic analysis indicated that AmyJM belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 5 (GH13_5) and exhibits low sequence identity with known α-amylases, with its closest counterpart being the GH13_5 α-amylase from Bacillus sp. KSM-K38 (51.05% identity). Purified AmyJM (molecular mass of 70 kDa) is stable at a pH range of 5.5-9.0 and optimally active at pH 7.5. The optimum temperature for AmyJM is 40 °C, where the enzyme is reasonably stable at this temperature. Similar to other α-amylases, the presence of CaCl2 enhanced both the activity and stability of AmyJM. AmyJM exhibited activity toward raw and gelatinized forms of starches and related α-glucans, generating a mixture of reducing sugars, such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose. In raw starch hydrolysis, AmyJM exhibited its highest efficiency (51.10% degradation) in hydrolyzing raw wheat starch after 3-h incubation at 40 °C. Under the same conditions, AmyJM also hydrolyzed tapioca, sago, potato, rice, and corn raw starches, yielding 16.01-30.05%. These findings highlight the potential of AmyJM as a biocatalyst for the saccharification of raw starches, particularly those derived from wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfatini Radzlin
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amira Suriaty Yaakop
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ummirul Mukminin Kahar
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liang J, He S, Sun J, Bao H, Cui L. Secretory production and characterization of a highly effective chitosanase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145 in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300402. [PMID: 38403403 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) M145 was firstly cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 (P. pastoris GS115). The recombinant enzyme (CsnA) showed maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 65°C. Both thermal stability and pH stability of CsnA expressed in P. pastoris GS115 were significantly increased compared with homologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A stable chitosanase activity of 725.7 ± 9.58 U mL-1 was obtained in fed-batch fermentation. It's the highest level of CsnA from Streptomyces coelicolor expressed in P. pastoris so far. The hydrolytic process of CsnA showed a time-dependent manner. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) generated by CsnA showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum sp. cucumerinum (F. oxysporum sp. cucumerinum). The secreted expression and hydrolytic performance make the enzyme a desirable biocatalyst for industrial controllable production of chitooligosaccharides with specific degree of polymerization, which have potential to control fungi that cause important crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Sánchez-Gallego J, Atencio L, Pérez J, Dupuy O, Díaz-Ferguson E, Godoy-Vitorino F. Assessment of Vibrio populations in a transect of Rhizophora mangle in Punta Galeta, Panamá: culture-dependent analyses reveal biotechnological applications. REV BIOL TROP 2023; 71:e50983. [PMID: 39175646 PMCID: PMC11340860 DOI: 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rhizophora mangle is considered an ecological niche for microorganisms with potentially novel and complex degrading enzymes. Objective To characterize Vibrio populations using culture-dependent methods, using samples collected from sediments and water along a red mangrove transect composed of three sites. Methods Strains were characterized according to their distribution, capacity to degrade of organic matter and other environmental parameters. Additionally the sequence diversity was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Bacterial densities were strongly associated with temperature and salinity. A total of 87 good-quality sequences representing the isolates from the three sites, were binned into eight OTUs (Operational taxonomic units). Taxonomic assignment indicated that the dominant members were Vibrionaceae. Beta diversity analyses showed that bacterial communities clustered by sample source rather than spatial distribution, and that alpha diversity was found to be higher in water than in sediment. Three percent of the strains from water samples could degrade carboxyl-methyl cellulose with the smallest enzymatic indexes compared to 4 % of the strains from sediment samples that showed the highest enzymatic indexes. Two strains identified as Vibrio agarivorans degraded cellulose and agarose, producing the highest enzymatic indexes. Conclusions We found higher bacterial densities and diversity in the bacterial communities of the water samples compared to the sediment, with different OTUs including those similar to Ferrimonas, Providencia, or Shewanella which were not isolated in the sediment. Vibrio OTUs were shown to degrade cellulose in both sample types. The results of this study highlight the importance of red mangroves as Vibrio habitats and as reservoirs of potential enzyme sources with biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Gallego
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-William Gorgas, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
- Estación Científica Coiba (COIBA-AIP), Clayton, Ciudad del Saber, Panamá
| | - Librada Atencio
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama
| | - Jacinto Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-William Gorgas, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Omar Dupuy
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-William Gorgas, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Microbiome Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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Podell S, Oliver A, Kelly LW, Sparagon WJ, Plominsky AM, Nelson RS, Laurens LML, Augyte S, Sims NA, Nelson CE, Allen EE. Herbivorous Fish Microbiome Adaptations to Sulfated Dietary Polysaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0215422. [PMID: 37133385 PMCID: PMC10231202 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02154-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine herbivorous fish that feed primarily on macroalgae, such as those from the genus Kyphosus, are essential for maintaining coral health and abundance on tropical reefs. Here, deep metagenomic sequencing and assembly of gut compartment-specific samples from three sympatric, macroalgivorous Hawaiian kyphosid species have been used to connect host gut microbial taxa with predicted protein functional capacities likely to contribute to efficient macroalgal digestion. Bacterial community compositions, algal dietary sources, and predicted enzyme functionalities were analyzed in parallel for 16 metagenomes spanning the mid- and hindgut digestive regions of wild-caught fishes. Gene colocalization patterns of expanded carbohydrate (CAZy) and sulfatase (SulfAtlas) digestive enzyme families on assembled contigs were used to identify likely polysaccharide utilization locus associations and to visualize potential cooperative networks of extracellularly exported proteins targeting complex sulfated polysaccharides. These insights into the gut microbiota of herbivorous marine fish and their functional capabilities improve our understanding of the enzymes and microorganisms involved in digesting complex macroalgal sulfated polysaccharides. IMPORTANCE This work connects specific uncultured bacterial taxa with distinct polysaccharide digestion capabilities lacking in their marine vertebrate hosts, providing fresh insights into poorly understood processes for deconstructing complex sulfated polysaccharides and potential evolutionary mechanisms for microbial acquisition of expanded macroalgal utilization gene functions. Several thousand new marine-specific candidate enzyme sequences for polysaccharide utilization have been identified. These data provide foundational resources for future investigations into suppression of coral reef macroalgal overgrowth, fish host physiology, the use of macroalgal feedstocks in terrestrial and aquaculture animal feeds, and the bioconversion of macroalgae biomass into value-added commercial fuel and chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Podell
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aaron Oliver
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Wegley Kelly
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wesley J. Sparagon
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alvaro M. Plominsky
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig E. Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Eric E. Allen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology & Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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9
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Bharwad K, Shekh S, Singh NK, Patel A, Joshi C. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of novel multifunctional thermostable α-amylase from hot-spring metagenome. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124810. [PMID: 37182622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hot-springs are regarded as the best source of industrially significant biocules and one of the unique locations for extremophiles. The α-amylase is one of the most important enzymes used in starch consuming industries, where the need of thermostability is paramount. In this study, the full metagenome sequences obtained from the soil of Tuwa hot-spring (Gujarat, India) were examined for the presence of several thermostable enzymes using bioinformatic techniques. The whole gene sequence for α-amylase was found from the metagenome. The α-amylase gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli and further characterized in vitro. The rm-α-amylase was found optimally active at 60 °C and at pH 6.0 and showed significantly high activity in 0.1 mM Co2+ as well as in other heavy metal ions without any effect on its thermostability. Apart from α-amylase activity the purified rm-α-amylase was also shown to hydrolyse agar, xylan, pectin, alginate and cellulose. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new, multifunctional, thermostable amylase that was discovered from the hot-spring metagenomes. Owing to their multifunctionality, resilience towards high temperature and heavy metal ions, stability with solvents, additives and inhibitors, rm-α-amylase can be exploited for a variety of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bharwad
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Satyamitra Shekh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | | | - Amrutlal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India.
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10
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Activity-Based Screening of Soil Samples from Nyingchi, Tibet, for Amylase-Producing Bacteria and Other Multifunctional Enzyme Capacities. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:2401766. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2401766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the interest in Tibetan soil as a promising source of functional enzymes with potential biotechnological applications, few studies have considered the screening and identification of amylase producing bacteria from Tibetan soil. Amylase has many applications in the food and feed industries, textile and biofuel production, and biomedical engineering. The area of amylase with specific properties is attracting growing attention because of its better application to various industrial conditions. This study aims to screen and identify amylase-producing strains from soil samples collected in Nyingchi, Tibet, and then explore whether the bacterial isolates are superior for unique enzymes. In this paper, a total of 127 amylase producing bacteria were isolated by activity-based screening of six Tibetan soil samples. The 16S rRNA gene survey then identified four major phyla, namely, firmicutes, bacteroidetes, proteobacteria, and actinobacteria, which were differentiated into twelve genera with a dominance of Bacillus (67.72%), followed by Pseudomonas (8.66%). Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the amylase-producing bacterial community of the Kadinggou forest soil sample showed the best variety (the Simpson index was 0.69 and the Shannon index was 0.85). The amylase activity assay of the bacterial isolates showed a mean of 0.66 U/mL at 28°C and pH 5.2. Based on the effect of temperatures and pHs on amylase activity, several bacterial isolates can produce thermophilic (50°C), psychrophilic (10°C), acidophilic (pH 4.2), and alkaliphilic (pH 10.2) amylases. Furthermore, four bacterial isolates were screened for amylase, protease, and esterase activities, which indicated multifunctional enzyme capacities. The present study is expected to contribute to our understanding of Tibetan microbial resources and their potential for scientific research and industrial applications.
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11
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Comparative analysis of genome-based CAZyme cassette in Antarctic Microbacterium sp. PAMC28756 with 31 other Microbacterium species. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:733-746. [PMID: 35486322 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Microbacterium belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and phylum Actinobacteria. A detailed study on the complete genome and systematic comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) among the Microbacterium species would add knowledge on metabolic and environmental adaptation. Here we present the comparative genomic analysis of CAZyme using the complete genome of Antarctic Microbacterium sp. PAMC28756 with other complete genomes of 31 Microbacterium species available. OBJECTIVE The genomic and CAZyme comparison of Microbacterium species and to rule out the specific features of CAZyme for the environmental and metabolic adaptation. METHODS Bacterial source were collected from NCBI database, CAZyme annotation of Microbacterium species was analyzed using dbCAN2 Meta server. Cluster of orthologous groups (COGs) analysis was performed using the eggNOG4.5 database. Whereas, KEGG database was used to compare and obtained the functional genome annotation information in carbohydrate metabolism and glyoxylate cycle. RESULTS Out of 32 complete genomes of Microbacterium species, strain No. 7 isolated from Activated Sludge showed the largest genomic size at 4.83 Mb. The genomic size of PAMC28756 isolated from Antarctic lichen species Stereocaulons was 3.54 Mb, the G + C content was 70.4% with 3,407 predicted genes, of which 3.36% were predicted CAZyme. In addition, while comparing the Glyoxylate cycle among 32 bacteria, except 10 strains, all other, including our strain have Glyoxylate pathway. PAMC28756 contained the genes that degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, amylase, pectinase, chitins and other exo-and endo glycosidases. Utilizing these polysaccharides can provides source of energy in an extreme environment. In addition, PAMC28756 assigned the (10.15%) genes in the carbohydrate transport and metabolism functional group closely related to the CAZyme for polysaccharides degradation. CONCLUSIONS The genomic content and CAZymes distribution was varied in Microbacterium species. There was the presence of more than 10% genes in the carbohydrate transport and metabolism functional group closely related to the CAZyme for polysaccharides degradation. In addition, occurrence of glyoxylate cycle for alternative utilization of carbon sources suggest the adaptation of PAMC28756 in the harsh microenvironment.
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12
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Gu X, Fu L, Pan A, Gui Y, Zhang Q, Li J. Multifunctional alkalophilic α-amylase with diverse raw seaweed degrading activities. AMB Express 2021; 11:139. [PMID: 34669086 PMCID: PMC8528909 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultured microbes are an important resource for the discovery of novel enzymes. In this study, an amylase gene (amy2587) that codes a protein with 587 amino acids (Amy2587) was obtained from the metagenomic library of macroalgae-associated bacteria. Recombinant Amy2587 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and was found to simultaneously possess α-amylase, agarase, carrageenase, cellulase, and alginate lyase activities. Moreover, recombinant Amy2587 showed high thermostability and alkali resistance which are important characteristics for industrial application. To investigate the multifunctional mechanism of Amy2587, three motifs (functional domains) in the Amy2587 sequence were deleted to generate three truncated Amy2587 variants. The results showed that, even though these functional domains affected the multiple substrates degrading activity of Amy2587, they did not wholly explain its multifunctional characteristics. To apply the multifunctional activity of Amy2587, three seaweed substrates (Grateloupia filicina, Chondrus ocellatus, and Scagassum) were digested using Amy2587. After 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h of digestion, 121.2 ± 4 µg/ml, 134.8 ± 6 µg/ml, and 70.3 ± 3.5 µg/ml of reducing sugars were released, respectively. These results show that Amy2587 directly and effectively degraded three kinds of raw seaweeds. This finding provides a theoretical basis for one-step enzymatic digestion of raw seaweeds to obtain seaweed oligosaccharides.
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13
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Liu G, Shan Y, Zheng R, Liu R, Sun C. Growth promotion of a deep-sea bacterium by sensing infrared light through a bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4466-4477. [PMID: 34121298 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are found in all kingdoms of life and bacteriophytochromes (Bphps) are the most abundant photo-sensing receptors in bacteria. Interestingly, BphPs have been linked to some bacterial physiological responses, yet most of the biological processes they regulate are still elusive, especially in non-photosynthetic bacteria. Here, we show that a bacteriophytochrome (CmoBphp) from a deep-sea bacterium Croceicoccus marinus OT19 perceives infrared light (wavelength at 940 nm) and transduces photo-sensing signals to a downstream intracellular transduction cascade for better growth. We discover that the infrared light-mediated growth promotion of C. marinus OT19 is attributed partly to the enhancement of pyruvate and propanoate metabolism. Further study suggests that CmoBphp plays a crucial role in integrating infrared light with intracellular signalling to control the bacterial growth and metabolism. This is the first report that deep-sea non-photosynthetic bacteria can sense infrared light to control growth through a bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor, thus providing new understandings towards light energy utilization by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yeqi Shan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rikuan Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Rui Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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14
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Jiang C, Cheng D, Liu Z, Sun J, Mao X. Advances in agaro-oligosaccharides preparation and bioactivities for revealing the structure-function relationship. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110408. [PMID: 34112411 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agaro-oligosaccharides originating from red algae have attracted increasing attention in both basic theoretical research and applied fields due to their excellent bioactivities, which indicates the wide prospects of agaro-oligosaccharides for application in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Thus, a considerable number of studies regarding functional agaro-oligosaccharides preparation as well as the bioactivities exploration have been carried out. Based on these studies, this review first introduced different methods that have been used in agar extraction from red algae, and further provided research progress on arylsulfatase. Then, different methods used for agaro-oligosaccharides production were summarized. Moreover, the abundant bioactivities of agaro-oligosaccharides were described in detail. Finally, this review has discussed current research problems and further provided critical aspects, which may be helpful for revealing the structure-function relationship of agaro-oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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15
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Liu Z, Li J, Jie C, Wu B, Hao N. A multifunctional α-amylase BSGH13 from Bacillus subtilis BS-5 possessing endoglucanase and xylanase activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:166-176. [PMID: 33421464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploring new multifunctional enzymes and understanding the mechanisms of catalytic promiscuity will be of enormous industrial and academic values. In the present study, we reported the discovery and characterization of a multifunctional enzyme BSGH13 from Bacillus subtilis BS-5. Remarkably, BSGH13 possessed α-amylase, endoglucanase, and xylanase activities. To our knowledge, this was the first report on an amylase from Bacillus species having additional endoglucanase and xylanase activities. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aromatic residues substitution at each site of the active site architecture on ligand-binding affinity and catalytic specificity of BSGH13 by a combination of virtual mutation and site-directed mutagenesis approaches. Our results indicated that the introduction of aromatic amino acids Phe or Trp at the positions L182 and L183 altered the local interaction network of BSGH13 towards different substrates, thus changing the multifunctional properties of BSGH13. Moreover, we provided an expanded perspective on studies of multifunctional enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahuang Li
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jie
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Suzuki M, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Biodegradability of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) via biological carbon cycles in marine environments. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractApproximately 4.8–12.7 million tons of plastic waste has been estimated to be discharged into marine environments annually by wind and river currents. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns that the total weight of plastic waste in the oceans will exceed the total weight of fish in 2050 if the environmental runoff of plastic continues at the current rate. Hence, biodegradable plastics are attracting attention as a solution to the problems caused by plastic waste. Among biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are particularly noteworthy because of their excellent marine biodegradability. In this review, the biosynthesis of PHA and cutin, a natural analog of PCL, and the biodegradation of PHA and PCL in carbon cycles in marine ecosystems are discussed. PHA is biosynthesized and biodegraded by various marine microbes in a wide range of marine environments, including coastal, shallow-water, and deep-sea environments. Marine cutin is biosynthesized by marine plants or obtained from terrestrial environments, and PCL and cutin are biodegraded by cutin hydrolytic enzyme-producing microbes in broad marine environments. Thus, biological carbon cycles for PHA and PCL exist in the marine environment, which would allow materials made of PHA and PCL to be quickly mineralized in marine environments.
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17
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Ma N, Sha Z, Sun C. Formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles mediates cadmium resistance and light utilization of the deep-sea bacterium Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:934-948. [PMID: 32815245 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal is one of the major factors threatening the survival of microorganisms. Here, a deep-sea bacterium designated Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b possessing strong cadmium (Cd) tolerance was isolated from a typical hydrothermal vent. Both the Cd-resistance and removal efficiency of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b were significantly promoted by the supplement of cysteine and meanwhile large amount of CdS nanoparticles were observed. Production of H2 S from cysteine catalysed by methionine gamma-lyase was further demonstrated to contribute to the formation of CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic results showed the addition of cysteine effectively enhanced the efflux of Cd, improved the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, and thereby boosted the nitrogen reduction and energy production of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b. Notably, the existence of CdS nanoparticles obviously promoted the growth of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b when exposed to light, indicating this bacterium might grab light energy through CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic analysis revealed the expression levels of essential components for light utilization including electron transport, cytochrome complex and F-type ATPase were significantly up-regulated, which strongly suggested the formation of CdS nanoparticles promoted light utilization and energy production. Our results provide a good model to investigate the uncovered mechanisms of self-photosensitization of nonphotosynthetic bacteria for light-to-chemical production in the deep biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Centre of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Centre of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Centre of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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18
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Morlighem JÉRL, Radis-Baptista G. The Place for Enzymes and Biologically Active Peptides from Marine Organisms for Application in Industrial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:334-355. [PMID: 30255754 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180926121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of written history, diverse texts have reported the use of enzymatic preparations in food processing and have described the medicinal properties of crude and fractionated venoms to treat various diseases and injuries. With the biochemical characterization of enzymes from distinct sources and bioactive polypeptides from animal venoms, the last sixty years have testified the advent of industrial enzymology and protein therapeutics, which are currently applicable in a wide variety of industrial processes, household products, and pharmaceuticals. Bioprospecting of novel biocatalysts and bioactive peptides is propelled by their unsurpassed properties that are applicable for current and future green industrial processes, biotechnology, and biomedicine. The demand for both novel enzymes with desired characteristics and novel peptides that lead to drug development, has experienced a steady increase in response to the expanding global market for industrial enzymes and peptidebased drugs. Moreover, although largely unexplored, oceans and marine realms, with their unique ecosystems inhabited by a large variety of species, including a considerable number of venomous animals, are recognized as untapped reservoirs of molecules and macromolecules (enzymes and bioactive venom-derived peptides) that can potentially be converted into highly valuable biopharmaceutical products. In this review, we have focused on enzymes and animal venom (poly)peptides that are presently in biotechnological use, and considering the state of prospection of marine resources, on the discovery of useful industrial biocatalysts and drug leads with novel structures exhibiting selectivity and improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Étienne R L Morlighem
- Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Av da Abolicao 3207. Fortaleza/CE. 60165081, Brazil
| | - Gandhi Radis-Baptista
- Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Av da Abolicao 3207. Fortaleza/CE. 60165081, Brazil
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19
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Li L, Qu W, Jin M, Di W, Zeng R. Extracellular expression of agarase rAgaM1 in Bacillus subtilis and its ability for neoagaro-oligosaccharide production. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:359-367. [PMID: 30672599 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An agarase gene (agaM1) was cloned, expressed and characterized by using Escherichia coli as host strain, revealing the outstanding properties of recombinant AgaM1 (rAgaM1) in agarose degradation and neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAs) production in our previous work. In current study, agaM1 was extracellularly expressed in Bacillus subtilis, and we aim to assess the ability of the supernatant of recombinant B. subtilis fermentation broth containing rAgaM1 to degrade agarose without protein purification, which would save the cost of purification and avoid the activity loss during purification. The pH and temperature optima for the supernatant were 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The supernatant containing rAgaM1 has outstanding stability against 40 °C and 50 °C. Besides, we detailedly studied the possible influence factors of rAgaM1 expression in the supernatant, including pH, temperature, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) concentration, initial optical density at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD600 ), and induction time, and the optimum conditions for rAgaM1 expression by B. subtilis were confirmed. Moreover, the supernatant was able to produce NAs by using the Gracilaria lemaneiformis, whose cells were broken by autoclaving, as substrate, and a total of 1.41 µmol ml-1 of NA, including neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose, was produced after degradation for 48 h. This ability could save the cost of substrates in NA production, although the method requires a further study. Our results reveal that the NAs with great potential in food and pharmaceutical industries could be inexpensive to make by the supernatant containing rAgaM1 of B. subtilis fermentation broth in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjie Di
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Province, Xiamen, China
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20
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Dumorné K, Severe R. Marine enzymes and their industrial and biotechnological applications. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Boncan DAT, David AME, Lluisma AO. A CAZyme-Rich Genome of a Taxonomically Novel Rhodophyte-Associated Carrageenolytic Marine Bacterium. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:685-705. [PMID: 29936557 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) have significant biotechnological potential as agents for degradation or modification of polysaccharides/glycans. As marine macroalgae are known to be rich in various types of polysaccharides, seaweed-associated bacteria are likely to be a good source of these CAZymes. A genomics approach can be used to explore CAZyme abundance and diversity, but it can also provide deep insights into the biology of CAZyme producers and, in particular, into molecular mechanisms that mediate their interaction with their hosts. In this study, a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, carrageenolytic, and culturable marine bacterium designated as AOL6 was isolated from a diseased thallus of a carrageenan-producing farmed rhodophyte, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). The whole genome of this bacterium was sequenced and characterized. Sequence reads were assembled producing a high-quality genome assembly. The estimated genome size of the bacterium is 4.4 Mb and a G+C content of 52%. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on a complete sequence of 16S rRNA, rpoB, and a set of 38 single-copy genes suggests that the bacterium is an unknown species and represents a novel genus in the family Cellvibrionaceae that is most closely related to the genera Teredinibacter and Saccharophagus. Genome comparison with T. turnerae T7901 and S. degradans 2-40 reveals several features shared by the three species, including a large number of CAZymes that comprised > 5% of the total number of protein-coding genes. The high proportion of CAZymes found in the AOL6 genome exceeds that of other known carbohydrate degraders, suggesting a significant capacity to degrade a range of polysaccharides including κ-carrageenan; 34% of these CAZymes have signal peptide sequences for secretion. Three putative κ-carrageenase-encoding genes were identified from the genome of the bacterium via in silico analysis, consistent with the results of the zymography assay (with κ-carrageenan as substrate). Genome analysis also indicated that AOL6 relies exclusively on type 2 secretion system (T2SS) for secreting proteins (possibly including glycoside hydrolases). In relation to T2SS, the product of the pilZ gene was predicted to be highly expressed, suggesting specialization for cell adhesion and secretion of virulence factors. The assignment of proteins to clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) revealed a pattern characteristic of r-strategists. Majority of two-component system proteins identified in the AOL6 genome were also predicted to be involved in chemotaxis and surface colonization. These genomic features suggest that AOL6 is an opportunistic pathogen, adapted to colonizing polysaccharide-rich hosts, including carrageenophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert Almerick T Boncan
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anne Marjorie E David
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Arturo O Lluisma
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines.
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22
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Valdehuesa KNG, Ramos KRM, Moron LS, Lee I, Nisola GM, Lee WK, Chung WJ. Draft Genome Sequence of Newly Isolated Agarolytic Bacteria Cellulophaga omnivescoria sp. nov. W5C Carrying Several Gene Loci for Marine Polysaccharide Degradation. Curr Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29536113 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The continued research in the isolation of novel bacterial strains is inspired by the fact that native microorganisms possess certain desired phenotypes necessary for recombinant microorganisms in the biotech industry. Most studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of strains from marine ecosystems as they present a higher microbial diversity than other sources. In this study, a marine bacterium, W5C, was isolated from red seaweed collected from Yeosu, South Korea. The isolate can utilize several natural polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, carrageenan, and chitin. Genome sequence and comparative genomics analyses suggest that strain W5C belongs to a novel species of the Cellulophaga genus, from which the name Cellulophaga omnivescoria sp. nov. is proposed. Its genome harbors 3,083 coding sequences and 146 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Compared to other reported Cellulophaga species, the genome of W5C contained a higher proportion of CAZymes (4.7%). Polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) for agar, alginate, and carrageenan were identified in the genome, along with other several putative PULs. These PULs are excellent sources for discovering novel hydrolytic enzymes and pathways with unique characteristics required for biorefinery applications, particularly in the utilization of marine renewable biomass. The type strain is JCM 32108T (= KCTC 13157BPT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Niño G Valdehuesa
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kristine Rose M Ramos
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Llewelyn S Moron
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Imchang Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Grace M Nisola
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Keun Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Bech PK, Schultz-Johansen M, Glaring MA, Barbeyron T, Czjzek M, Stougaard P. Paraglaciecola hydrolytica sp. nov., a bacterium with hydrolytic activity against multiple seaweed-derived polysaccharides. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2242-2247. [PMID: 28671532 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, S66T, was isolated from eelgrass collected on the coastline of Zealand, Denmark. Polyphasic analyses involving phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic methods were used to characterize strain S66T. The strain was Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, and displayed growth at 10-25 °C (optimum 20-25 °C) and at pH 7-9 (optimum pH 7.5). Furthermore, strain S66T grew on seaweed polysaccharides agar, agarose, porphyran, κ-carrageenan, alginate and laminarin as sole carbon sources. Major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c. The respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-8, and major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 42.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and GyrB sequence comparisons showed that the bacterium was affiliated with the genus Paraglaciecola within the family Alteromonadaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria. The percentage similarity between the 16S rRNA gene and GyrB sequences of strain S66T and other members of the genus Paraglaciecola were 94-95 % and 84-85 %, respectively. Based on the genome sequence of S66T, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain S66T and other members of the genus Paraglaciecola was 77-80 %, and DNA-DNA hybridization prediction showed values of less than 24 % relatedness, respectively, between S66T and other species of the genus Paraglaciecola. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses support the hypothesis that strain S66T represents a novel species of the genus Paraglaciecola, for which the name Paraglaciecola hydrolytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S66T (=LMG 29457T=NCIMB 15060T=DSM 102834T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Kjersgaard Bech
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Schultz-Johansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Andreas Glaring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- UPMC University Paris 6, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- UPMC University Paris 6, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Parte S, Sirisha VL, D'Souza JS. Biotechnological Applications of Marine Enzymes From Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, and Sponges. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 80:75-106. [PMID: 28215329 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diversity is the hallmark of all life forms that inhabit the soil, air, water, and land. All these habitats pose their unique inherent challenges so as to breed the "fittest" creatures. Similarly, the biodiversity from the marine ecosystem has evolved unique properties due to challenging environment. These challenges include permafrost regions to hydrothermal vents, oceanic trenches to abyssal plains, fluctuating saline conditions, pH, temperature, light, atmospheric pressure, and the availability of nutrients. Oceans occupy 75% of the earth's surface and harbor most ancient and diverse forms of organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi, sponges, etc.), serving as an excellent source of natural bioactive molecules, novel therapeutic compounds, and enzymes. In this chapter, we introduce enzyme technology, its current state of the art, unique enzyme properties, and the biocatalytic potential of marine algal, bacterial, fungal, and sponge enzymes that have indeed boosted the Marine Biotechnology Industry. Researchers began exploring marine enzymes, and today they are preferred over the chemical catalysts for biotechnological applications and functions, encompassing various sectors, namely, domestic, industrial, commercial, and healthcare. Next, we summarize the plausible pros and cons: the challenges encountered in the process of discovery of the potent compounds and bioactive metabolites such as biocatalysts/enzymes of biomedical, therapeutic, biotechnological, and industrial significance. The field of Marine Enzyme Technology has recently assumed importance, and if it receives further boost, it could successfully substitute other chemical sources of enzymes useful for industrial and commercial purposes and may prove as a beneficial and ecofriendly option. With appropriate directions and encouragement, marine enzyme technology can sustain the rising demand for enzyme production while maintaining the ecological balance, provided any undesired exploitation of the marine ecosystem is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parte
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - V L Sirisha
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - J S D'Souza
- UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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Chauhan PS, Saxena A. Bacterial carrageenases: an overview of production and biotechnological applications. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:146. [PMID: 28330218 PMCID: PMC4919138 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan, one of the phycocolloids is a sulfated galactan made up of linear chains of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose with alternating α-(1 → 3) and β-(1 → 4) linkages and further classified based on the number and the position of sulfated ester(s); κ-, ι- and λ-carrageenan. Enzymes which degrade carrageenans are called k-, ι-, and λ-carrageenases. They all are endohydrolases that cleave the internal β-(1-4) linkages of carrageenans yielding products of the oligo-carrageenans. These enzymes are produced only by bacteria specifically gram negative bacteria. Majority of the marine bacteria produce these enzymes extracellularly and their activity is in wide range of temperature. They have found potential applications in biomedical field, bioethanol production, textile industry, as a detergent additive and for isolation of protoplast of algae etc. A comprehensive information shall be helpful for the effective understanding and application of these enzymes. In this review exhaustive information of bacterial carrageenases reported till date has been done. All the aspects like sources, production conditions, characterization, cloning and- biotechnological applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakram Singh Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Arunika Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan Government College, Beawar Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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