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Zhang J, Li K, Chen H, Hu X, Guo Z, Chen S, Zheng F, Cheng W, Mu Q, Lan Y, Chen P. Retrospective analysis of urinary tract stone composition in a Chinese ethnic minority colony based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13453. [PMID: 37596395 PMCID: PMC10439141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the relationship between the composition of urinary stones and various influencing factors in the Enshi region. We used FT-IR to examine the composition of 1092 stone samples. Combined with the relevant clinical materials, the data were analyzed using both one-dimensional statistical methods and multivariate statistical methods. The study included 1092 stone samples, classified as follows: 457 (41.8%) with a single component, 453 (41.5%) with two components, 149 (13.6%) with three components, and 33 (3.0%) with four components. Stones were categorized into five types: Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) (76.4%), carbapatite (CaP) (9.3%), Struvite (ST) (8.3%), Uric Acid (UA) (4.9%), and Others (1.0%). Age, gender, urinary tract infection (UTI), family history of urinary stones (FH), hyperuricemia (HUA) and stone location were significantly associated with stone type. Logistic regression revealed that females and UTI were relative risk factors for predicting CaP and ST, while FH and HUA were relative risk factors for predicting UA. Our study indicates that the overall composition of urinary tract stones in the Enshi region is consistent with that of the entire China. Additionally, the predisposing factors for stone formation vary in terms of gender, age, FH, UTI, hyperuricemia HUA, and stone location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Kailing Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Zicheng Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Fu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Wusong Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Lan
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, No. 158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Sofińska-Chmiel W, Goliszek M, Drewniak M, Nowicka A, Kuśmierz M, Adamczuk A, Malinowska P, Maciejewski R, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Blicharska E. Chemical Studies of Multicomponent Kidney Stones Using the Modern Advanced Research Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:6089. [PMID: 37630341 PMCID: PMC10458485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the kidney stone composition is important for determining a treatment plan, understanding etiology and preventing recurrence of nephrolithiasis, which is considered as a common, civilization disease and a serious worldwide medical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of multicomponent kidney stones. The identification methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy with the EDX detector were presented. The studies by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were also carried out for better understanding of their chemical structure. The chemical mapping by the FTIR microscopy was performed to show the distribution of individual chemical compounds that constitute the building blocks of kidney stones. The use of modern research methods with a particular emphasis on the spectroscopic methods allowed for a thorough examination of the subject of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Goliszek
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Drewniak
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aldona Nowicka
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kuśmierz
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Malinowska
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kostantynów 1 H Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Kumar P, Bell A, Mitchell T. Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33645589 DOI: 10.3791/62192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are becoming more prevalent worldwide in adults and children. The most common type of kidney stone is comprised of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Crystalluria occurs when urine becomes supersaturated with minerals (e.g., calcium, oxalate, phosphate) and precedes kidney stone formation. Standard methods to assess crystalluria in stone formers include microscopy, filtration, and centrifugation. However, these methods primarily detect microcrystals and not nanocrystals. Nanocrystals have been suggested to be more harmful to kidney epithelial cells than microcrystals in vitro. Here, we describe the ability of Nanoparticle Tracking analysis (NTA) to detect human urinary nanocrystals. Healthy adults were fed a controlled oxalate diet prior to drinking an oxalate load to stimulate urinary nanocrystals. Urine was collected for 24 hours before and after the oxalate load. Samples were processed and washed with ethanol to purify samples. Urinary nanocrystals were stained with the calcium binding fluorophore, Fluo-4 AM. After staining, the size and count of nanocrystals were determined using NTA. The findings from this study show NTA can efficiently detect nanocrystalluria in healthy adults. These findings suggest NTA could be a valuable early detection method of nanocrystalluria in patients with kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Andrew Bell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Kumar P, Patel M, Thomas V, Knight J, Holmes RP, Mitchell T. Dietary Oxalate Induces Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1040-1051. [PMID: 32647761 PMCID: PMC7335953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crystalluria is thought to be associated with kidney stone formation and can occur when urine becomes supersaturated with calcium, oxalate, and phosphate. The principal method used to identify urinary crystals is microscopy, with or without a polarized light source. This method can detect crystals above 1 μm in diameter (microcrystals). However, analyses of calcium oxalate kidney stones have indicated that crystallite components in these calculi are 50–100 nm in diameter. Recent studies have suggested that nanocrystals (<200 nm) elicit more injury to renal cells compared to microcrystals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (i) urinary nanocrystals can be detected and quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA, a high-resolution imaging technology), (ii) early-void urine samples from healthy subjects contain calcium nanocrystals, and (iii) a dietary oxalate load increases urinary nanocrystal formation. Methods Healthy subjects consumed a controlled low-oxalate diet for 3 days before a dietary oxalate load. Urinary crystals were isolated by centrifugation and assessed using NTA before and 5 hours after the oxalate load. The morphology and chemical composition of crystals was assessed using electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC–MS). Results Urinary calcium oxalate nanocrystals were detected in pre-load samples and increased substantially following the oxalate load. Conclusion These findings indicate that NTA can quantify urinary nanocrystals and that meals rich in oxalate can promote nanocrystalluria. NTA should provide valuable insight about the role of nanocrystals in kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mikita Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Knight
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ross P Holmes
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Sim AM, Rashdan NA, Cui L, Moss AJ, Nudelman F, Dweck MR, MacRae VE, Hulme AN. A novel fluorescein-bisphosphonate based diagnostic tool for the detection of hydroxyapatite in both cell and tissue models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17360. [PMID: 30478332 PMCID: PMC6255785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid and efficient method for the detection of hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been developed which shows superiority to existing well-established methods. This fluorescein-bisphosphonate probe is highly selective for HAP over other calcium minerals and is capable of detecting lower levels of calcification in cellular models than either hydrochloric acid-based calcium leaching assays or the Alizarin S stain. The probe has been shown to be effective in both in vitro vascular calcification models and in vitro bone calcification models. Moreover we have demonstrated binding of this probe to vascular calcification in rat aorta and to areas of microcalcification, in human vascular tissue, beyond the resolution of computed tomography in human atherosclerotic plaques. Fluorescein-BP is therefore a highly sensitive and specific imaging probe for the detection of vascular calcification, with the potential to improve not only ex vivo assessments of HAP deposition but also the detection of vascular microcalcification in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia M Sim
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nabil A Rashdan
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lin Cui
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alastair J Moss
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alison N Hulme
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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Ali SN, Dayarathna TK, Ali AN, Osumah T, Ahmed M, Cooper TT, Power NE, Zhang D, Kim D, Kim R, St Amant A, Hou J, Tailly T, Yang J, Luyt L, Spagnuolo PA, Burton JP, Razvi H, Leong HS. Drosophila melanogaster as a function-based high-throughput screening model for antinephrolithiasis agents in kidney stone patients. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035873. [PMID: 30082495 PMCID: PMC6262805 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease involves the aggregation of stone-forming salts consequent to solute supersaturation in urine. The development of novel therapeutic agents for this predominantly metabolic and biochemical disorder have been hampered by the lack of a practical pre-clinical model amenable to drug screening. Here, Drosophila melanogaster, an emerging model for kidney stone disease research, was adapted as a high-throughput functional drug screening platform independent of the multifactorial nature of mammalian nephrolithiasis. Through functional screening, the therapeutic potential of a novel compound commonly known as arbutin that specifically binds to oxalate, a key component of kidney calculi, was identified. Through isothermal titration calorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic force microscopy, arbutin was determined to interact with calcium and oxalate in both free and bound states, disrupting crystal lattice structure, growth and crystallization. When used to treat patient urine samples, arbutin significantly abrogated calculus formation in vivo and outperformed potassium citrate in low pH urine conditions, owing to its oxalate-centric mode of action. The discovery of this novel antilithogenic compound via D. melanogaster, independent of a mammalian model, brings greater recognition to this platform, for which metabolic features are primary outcomes, underscoring the power of D. melanogaster as a high-throughput drug screening platform in similar disorders. This is the first description of the use of D. melanogaster as the model system for a high-throughput chemical library screen. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab N Ali
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Thamara K Dayarathna
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Aymon N Ali
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Tijani Osumah
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas E Power
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Dajung Kim
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Rachel Kim
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Andre St Amant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Thomas Tailly
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Len Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada .,Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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7
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Das P, Gupta G, Velu V, Awasthi R, Dua K, Malipeddi H. Formation of struvite urinary stones and approaches towards the inhibition-A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:361-370. [PMID: 29028588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Struvite is one of the most common urinary/kidney stones, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNHPO4·H2O). They are also termed as infection stones as these are associated with urinary tract infections. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the growth and inhibition of struvite stones. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes various reports on the factors responsible for inducing struvite stones in the kidney and gives a detailed account of studies on inhibition of growth of struvite crystals. RESULTS The presence of urea-splitting bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and alkaline pH plays a crucial role in struvite formation. In vitro inhibition of struvite stones by various chemical agents were examined mainly in artificial urine whereas inhibition by herbal extracts was studied in vitro by gel diffusion technique. Herbal extracts of curcumin, Boerhaavia diffusa Linn, Rotula aquatica and many other plants, as well as some chemicals like pyrophosphate, acetohydroxamic acid, disodium EDTA and trisodium citrate, were reported to successfully inhibit struvite formation. CONCLUSION The present review recapitulates various factors affecting the growth of struvite urinary stones and the inhibitory role of certain chemicals and herbal extracts. Most of the tested plants are edible hence can be easily consumed without any adverse effects whereas the side effects of chemicals are unknown due to lack of toxicity studies. Thus, the use of herbal extracts might serve as an alternate and safe therapy for prevention of struvite stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Vinodhini Velu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- NKBR College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 212, India
| | - Himaja Malipeddi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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