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Sofińska-Chmiel W, Goliszek M, Drewniak M, Nowicka A, Kuśmierz M, Adamczuk A, Malinowska P, Maciejewski R, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Blicharska E. Chemical Studies of Multicomponent Kidney Stones Using the Modern Advanced Research Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:6089. [PMID: 37630341 PMCID: PMC10458485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the kidney stone composition is important for determining a treatment plan, understanding etiology and preventing recurrence of nephrolithiasis, which is considered as a common, civilization disease and a serious worldwide medical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of multicomponent kidney stones. The identification methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy with the EDX detector were presented. The studies by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were also carried out for better understanding of their chemical structure. The chemical mapping by the FTIR microscopy was performed to show the distribution of individual chemical compounds that constitute the building blocks of kidney stones. The use of modern research methods with a particular emphasis on the spectroscopic methods allowed for a thorough examination of the subject of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Goliszek
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Drewniak
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aldona Nowicka
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kuśmierz
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Malinowska
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Health Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kostantynów 1 H Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tatarczak-Michalewska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Sarna-Boś K, Skic K, Boguta P, Adamczuk A, Vodanovic M, Chałas R. Elemental mapping of human teeth enamel, dentine and cementum in view of their microstructure. Micron 2023; 172:103485. [PMID: 37271062 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis to directly compare the morphology and chemistry of human tooth layers using advanced scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques together with supporting data from energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The aim of this study was to visualise and evaluate the structural and microanalytical differences of the mineralised hard tissues of human teeth. The extracted sound teeth without any pathologies were divided into the following groups: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Tooth samples were broken vertically to preserve the primary structures and to visualise individual tooth tissues. Specimens were also used to find variations in the elemental composition of tissues for different tooth groups. The average thickness of the enamel in the tooth groups studied was 1.1 mm and the average width of the enamel prisms was 4.2 µm, with the highest values observed for molars. The analysis of the chemical composition of the enamel showed that Ca and P were among the predominant elements. The average dentine thickness was 1.87 mm, with the highest values determined for molars, and the lowest for canines. The width of the dentinal tubules was less than 2 µm, for molars being significantly smaller. The analysis of the chemical composition of the dentine showed the highest O content of the all tooth tissues analyzed, while a lower P and Ca content was observed compared to the enamel. The cementum thickness averaged 0.14 mm, with the highest values observed for molars and the lowest for incisors. The analysis of the chemical composition of the cementum showed the lowest average O and P content, and the highest average C and N content, compared to the enamel and the dentine. Increasingly accurate imaging and analysis of dental hard tissue structures provides the opportunity for multifactorial evaluation in terms of their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sarna-Boś
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marin Vodanovic
- Department of Dental Anthropology, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Chałas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bereksi-Reguig D, Bouchentouf S, Allali H, Adamczuk A, Kowalska G, Kowalski R. Trace Elements and Heavy Metal Contents in West Algerian Natural Honey. J Anal Methods Chem 2022; 2022:7890856. [PMID: 36619658 PMCID: PMC9822738 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7890856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of trace elements and heavy metals in honey is essential for honey quality and safety and also monitoring environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of thirty-seven honey samples of different botanical origins (14 multifloral and 23 unifloral) obtained from beekeepers located in the west region of Algeria. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) methods were used to determine the levels of 19 elements in honey (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, V, Cr, Co, As, Ru, Rh, Cd, W, Pt, Au, and Pb). Ru, Rh, Pt and, Au were not detected in any of the tested honey samples. The most abundant minerals were K, Ca, Na, and Mg ranging within 153.00-989.00 mg/kg, 33.10-502.00 mg/kg, 13.30-281.00 mg/kg, and 20.80-162.00 mg/kg, respectively. Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant heavy metals while Pb, V, Cr, W, Co, and Cd were the lowest ones (<1 mg/kg) in the honey samples surveyed. Several honey types, lavender, rosemary, mild white mustard, thyme, milk thistle, carob tree, orange tree, Euphorbia, Eucalyptus, camphor, jujube tree, sage, and harmal, were studied, and the statistical analysis was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) techniques to evaluate the data. The results showed that the analyses of mineral content were sufficient to determine the floral origin and their variability may be related to geochemical and geographical differences. On other hand, all elements detected were at levels below safe thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Bereksi-Reguig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Salim Bouchentouf
- Doctor Tahar Moulay University of Saida Algeria, BP 138 Cité EN-NASR, Saïda 20000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Natural and Bioactive Substances (LASNABIO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Hocine Allali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kowalska
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, Lublin 20-950, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., Lublin 20-704, Poland
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Adamczuk A, Gryta A, Skic K, Boguta P, Jozefaciuk G. Effect of Different Minerals on Water Stability and Wettability of Soil Silt Aggregates. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15165569. [PMID: 36013705 PMCID: PMC9413417 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the effects of minerals on soil water stability and wettability is mostly gained from experiments on natural soils of different mineral composition. To gain a "clearer" picture, the water stability and wettability of artificial aggregates composed of soil silt and various proportions of pure minerals: kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, zeolite and goethite, were examined. The wettability was attributed to contact angles measured goniometrically and to the water drop penetration time (WDPT). The water stability was measured by monitoring of air bubbling after aggregate immersion in water and the shrinking sphere model was used to analyse aggregates' destruction kinetics. The rate of aggregate destruction in water increased with increasing mineral content and it slightly decreased for aggregates composed of all pure minerals except goethite. An apparent hydrophobicity period (a period where the bubbling stopped for some time), resulted most probably from the wavy shape of pores, was observed mainly for aggregates with low mineral proportions. Among all studied minerals, kaolinite increased the water contact angle and water repellency to the greatest extent. With increasing the mineral content in the aggregates up to 8%, contact angles decreased and then increased. Contact angles did not correlate with aggregates' stability. Aggregates more rapidly penetrated by water (shorter WDPT) were destroyed faster. Water stability of aggregates containing all minerals except illite appeared to be higher for the more mechanically resistant aggregates.
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Adamczuk A, Jozefaciuk G. Impact of Chitosan on the Mechanical Stability of Soils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072273. [PMID: 35408671 PMCID: PMC9000621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is becoming increasingly applied in agriculture, mostly as a powder, however little is known about its effect on soil mechanical properties. Uniaxial compression test was performed for cylindrical soil aggregates prepared from four soils of various properties (very acidic Podzol, acidic Arenosol, neutral Fluvisol and alkaline Umbrisol) containing different proportions of two kinds of chitosan (CS1 of higher molecular mass and lower deacetylation degree, and CS2 of lower molecular mass and higher deacetylation degree), pretreated with 1 and 10 wetting–drying cycles. In most cases increasing chitosan rates successively decreased the mechanical stability of soils that was accompanied by a tendential increase in soil porosity. In one case (Fluvisol treated with CS2) the porosity decreased and mechanical stability increased with increasing chitosan dose. The behavior of acidic soils (Podzol and Arenosol) treated with CS2, differed from the other soils: after an initial decrease, the strength of aggregates increased with increasing chitosan amendment, despite the porosity consequently decreasing. After 10 wetting–drying cycles, the strength of the aggregates of acidic soils appeared to increase while it decreased for neutral and alkaline soils. Possible mechanisms of soil–chitosan interactions affecting mechanical strength are discussed and linked with soil water stability and wettability.
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Wawrzyk A, Łobacz M, Adamczuk A, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Rahnama M. The Efficacy of a Diode Laser on Titanium Implants for the Reduction of Microorganisms That Cause Periimplantitis. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237215. [PMID: 34885369 PMCID: PMC8658457 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the optimisation of a safe diode laser irradiation process applied to the surface of titanium implants in order to reduce microbial numbers in the treatment of inflammation classified as periimplantitis. The study comprised isolation and identification of microorganisms inhabiting surfaces of dental implants, crowns, teeth and saliva from patients with fully symptomatic periimplantitis. Microorganisms were detected by a culture-dependent method and identified with the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The isolated microorganisms were inoculated on the surface of a new implant and then irradiated by a diode laser (wavelength of 810 ± 10 nm) in one, two or three repetitions and biocidal efficacy was assessed. To evaluate impact of laser irradiation on roughness, morphology and structure of the implant surface, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used. Examination of the tested surfaces and saliva revealed the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one fungal species. In all patients, cultures from the endosseous part of the implant revealed the presence of the pathogenic and pyogenic bacterium Streptococcus constellatus. In 13 out of 20 samples laser-irradiated in duplicate and triplicate, all microorganisms were eliminated. The irradiation used did not cause any changes in the properties of the implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Łobacz
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ł.); (M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ł.); (M.R.)
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Wawrzyk A, Łobacz M, Adamczuk A, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Wilczyński S, Rahnama M. The Use of a Diode Laser for Removal of Microorganisms from the Surfaces of Zirconia and Porcelain Applied to Superstructure Dental Implants. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2359. [PMID: 34835484 PMCID: PMC8625943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the effectiveness of a diode laser (LD) for removal of microorganisms isolated from porcelain and zirconia crown surfaces used in implantoprosthetics in order to minimize infections around dental implants. In order to optimize biocidal efficacy of the process (at the same time, avoiding increasing the surface roughness during decontamination) the effects of diode laser doses were investigated. The irradiation was performed with a diode laser at the wavelength of λ = 810 nm in three variants with a different number of repetitions (1 × 15 s, 2 × 15 s, 3 × 15 s). The quantitative microbial contamination of the surface of teeth, porcelain and zirconia crowns assessment was made using the culture-dependent method. The identification of microorganisms took place using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The studies of the surface morphology and roughness were carried out by means of the optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy with the C1 confocal attachment. The most important conclusion from the research is the fact that the laser operation, regardless of the exposure time, effectively eliminates the microorganisms from the surfaces used for dental implant rebuilding and does not have a destructive effect on the tested material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Michał Łobacz
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics PAS, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Departament of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Farmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa Str. 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Jozefaciuk G, Skic K, Adamczuk A, Boguta P, Lamorski K. Structure and Strength of Artificial Soils Containing Monomineral Clay Fractions. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164688. [PMID: 34443210 PMCID: PMC8400040 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Structure and strength are responsible for soil physical properties. This paper determines in a uniaxial compression test the strength of artificial soils containing different proportions of various clay-size minerals (cementing agents) and silt-size feldspar/quartz (skeletal particles). A novel empirical model relating the maximum stress and the Young’s modulus to the mineral content basing on the Langmuir-type curve was proposed. By using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), bulk density (BD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural parameters influencing the strength of the soils were estimated and related to mechanical parameters. Size and shape of particles are considered as primary factors responsible for soil strength. In our experiments, the soil strength depended primarily on the location of fine particles in respect to silt grains and then, on a mineral particle size. The surface fractal dimension of mineral particles played a role of a shape parameter governing soil strength. Soils containing minerals of higher surface fractal dimensions (rougher surfaces) were more mechanically resistant. The two latter findings appear to be recognized herein for the first time.
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Batkowska J, Drabik K, Karwowska M, Ahsan U, Raza I, Adamczuk A, Horecka B. Growth performance and meat quality of meat-type guinea fowl fed different commercial diets. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:325-334. [PMID: 34377765 PMCID: PMC8339595 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-325-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of study was to assess the growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of meat-type guinea fowl fed balanced commercial diets under two different feeding programs, similar to those for slaughter turkeys and broiler chickens, respectively. A total of 80 4-week-old meat-type guinea fowl divided into two groups (four replicates per group; 10 birds in each replicate) were raised for 14 weeks. One group received commercially available diets in a three-phased program (TM group), whereas the other group was fed commercial diets in a two-phased program (CM group). Growth-performance-related traits were recorded. At the end of rearing (14 weeks of age), eight birds from each group were slaughtered. Carcass yield and technological traits of meat (pH, color, water-holding capacity, natural and thermal loss, tenderness, fatty acid profile) were analyzed. Groups did not differ in terms of body weight as well as carcass yield and characteristics. There was no difference in meat quality and the fatty acid profile of breast and thigh meat of guinea fowl from TM and CM groups. The findings of this study suggest that both commercial diets (for broiler chickens and turkeys) can be used in meat-type guinea fowl rearing. Due to the lower price of diets fed to the CM group and the lack of significant variation in meat quality traits, its use seems to be more justified from an economic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna St., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Umair Ahsan
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Ifrah Raza
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı, Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Horecka
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Horabik J, Bańda M, Józefaciuk G, Adamczuk A, Polakowski C, Stasiak M, Parafiniuk P, Wiącek J, Kobyłka R, Molenda M. Breakage Strength of Wood Sawdust Pellets: Measurements and Modelling. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14123273. [PMID: 34199309 PMCID: PMC8231811 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wood pellets are an important source of renewable energy. Their mechanical strength is a crucial property. In this study, the tensile strength of pellets made from oak, pine, and birch sawdust with moisture contents of 8% and 20% compacted at 60 and 120 MPa was determined in a diametral compression test. The highest tensile strength was noted for oak and the lowest for birch pellets. For all materials, the tensile strength was the highest for a moisture content of 8% and 120 MPa. All pellets exhibited a ductile breakage mode characterised by a smooth and round stress–deformation relationship without any sudden drops. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations were performed to check for the possibility of numerical reproduction of pelletisation of the sawdust and then of the pellet deformation in the diametral compression test. The pellet breakage process was successfully simulated using the DEM implemented with the bonded particle model. The simulations reproduced the results of laboratory testing well and provided deeper insight into particle–particle bonding mechanisms. Cracks were initiated close to the centre of the pellet and, as the deformation progressed, they further developed in the direction of loading.
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Sofińska-Chmiel W, Kołodyńska D, Adamczuk A, Świetlicki A, Goliszek M, Smagieł R. Studies on the Mechanism of Cu(II) Ion Sorption on Purolite S 940 and Purolite S 950. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14112915. [PMID: 34071511 PMCID: PMC8198485 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the presented research was to investigate the mechanism of sorption of Cu(II) ions on the commercially available Purolite S 940 and Purolite S 950 chelating ion exchangers with the aminophosphonic functional groups. In order to understand better the sorption mechanism, the beads were cut with an ultramicrotome before and after the Cu(II) ion sorption process. The cut beads were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an EDX detector. The performed linear profiles of the elemental composition allowed us to examine the depth with which the sorbed metal penetrates into. For further investigations concerning the mechanism of the sorption process, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis using the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods have been used. The comparison of FTIR and XPS spectra before and after the sorption of Cu(II) ions showed that free electron pairs from nitrogen and oxygen in the aminophosphonic functional groups participate in the process of copper ion sorption. In addition, the microscopic studies suggested that the process of ion exchange between Na(I) ions and sorbed Cu(II) ions takes place on the Purolite S 940 and Purolite S 950. This study concerning the in-depth understanding the of Cu(II) sorption mechanism, using modern analytical tools and research methods could be very useful for its further modifications leading to the improvement of the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Kołodyńska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics PAS, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Świetlicki
- Department of Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36 Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Goliszek
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Smagieł
- Biolive Innovation, B. Dobrzańskiego 3 Str., 20-262 Lublin, Poland;
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Drabik K, Karwowska M, Wengerska K, Próchniak T, Adamczuk A, Batkowska J. The Variability of Quality Traits of Table Eggs and Eggshell Mineral Composition Depending on Hens' Breed and Eggshell Color. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1204. [PMID: 33922160 PMCID: PMC8146221 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the eggshell color parameters and its mineral composition as well as the internal quality of eggs derived from various breeds of hens, varied by eggshell color: seledine from Araucana, brown from Marans, and white from Leghorn. The sample consisted of 180 eggs (60/group) The eggshell color was measured using CIE L*a*b* system. The quality evaluation included traits of whole egg (weight, specific gravity, proportions of elements, shape index), yolk (weight, color, index, pH), albumen (weight, height, pH), and shell (color, strength, weight, thickness, density). The mineral composition of eggshells was analyzed. The eggs origin affected the quality characteristics of particular egg elements (p < 0.001). However, the impact of analyzed colors on the egg quality traits varied, and in the case of whole egg and albumen traits the most favorable was the white color (p ≤ 0.05), while in the case of the strength of shell or its thickness it was the dark brown color (p ≤ 0.05). The eggshell color influenced variations in its mineral composition (p < 0.001) except potassium and sodium content, while the proportion of particular mineral elements in shell was correlated with the L*a*b* color space coordinates (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna St., 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Wengerska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Próchniak
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
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Adamczuk A, Sofinska-Chmiel W, Jozefaciuk G. Arsenate Adsorption on Fly Ash, Chitosan and Their Composites and Its Relations with Surface, Charge and Pore Properties of the Sorbents. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5381. [PMID: 33256262 PMCID: PMC7731211 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the ways to recycle millions of tons of fly ash and chitin wastes produced yearly is their utilization as low-cost sorbents, mainly for heavy metal cations and organic substances. To improve their sorption efficiency, fly ashes have been thermally activated or modified by chitosan. We aimed to deeply characterize the physicochemical properties of such sorbents to reveal the usefulness of modification procedures and their effect on As(V) adsorption. Using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, potentiometric titration and adsorption isotherms of As(V) anions, surface, pore, charge and anion adsorption parameters of fly ash activated at various temperatures, chitosan, and fly ash modified by chitosan were determined. Arsenate adsorption equilibrium (Langmuir model), kinetics (pseudo-second order model) and thermodynamics on the obtained materials were studied. Neither temperature activation nor chitosan modifications of fly ash were necessary and profitable for improving physicochemical properties and As(V) adsorption efficiency of fly ash. Practically, the physicochemical parameters of the sorbents were not related to their anion adsorption parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics PAS, Doswiadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Weronika Sofinska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Maria Curie Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
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Batkowska J, Drabik K, Brodacki A, Czech A, Adamczuk A. Fatty acids profile, cholesterol level and quality of table eggs from hens fed with the addition of linseed and soybean oil. Food Chem 2020; 334:127612. [PMID: 32731121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to assess the impact of soybean (SO) and linseed oil (LO) added to feed mixture for laying hens upon the quality characteristics of table eggs, their fatty acid (FA) profile and cholesterol level. The material consisted of eggs from hens fed with a mixture without oil and with the addition of LO or SO in a dose of 2.5%. Eggs were subjected to quality assessment. FA profile and cholesterol content in yolks were determined. The results indicate no negative changes in eggs' quality caused by supplementation. An increase was observed in the n3 FA content in egg yolk in experimental groups, as well as all PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) proportions. No negative impact of these oils on the level of cholesterol was noted. As a consequence, the analysed feed additives can be safely applied as an appropriate material in poultry nutrition to enrich eggs with PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Antoni Brodacki
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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Drabik K, Chabroszewska P, Vasiukov K, Adamczuk A, Batkowska J. Glycerin as a factor for moderating quality changes in table eggs during storage. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-285-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, is non-toxic to humans and
the environment. With the current increase in the demand for fuels obtained from
biomass, the amount of glycerine waste production is increasing. There are many ways to
dispose this substance (in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and in chemical industry),
but its utilization is still insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess
the possibility of limiting quality changes in table eggs during
storage by coating the shells with a glycerol solution. The material used in this research consisted
of 270 table chicken eggs collected on the same day. On the first day of the
experiment, quality traits of 30 eggs were evaluated (initial control group). The
remaining 240 eggs were divided into two equal groups: control (eggs that
were not subjected to any treatment) and experimental (eggs that were coated with a
5 % aqueous solution of glycerol). The eggs were placed on transport
trays and stored at 14 ∘C and 70 % humidity. Quality
evaluations were carried out after 14 and 28 days of storage. The depth of the air cell,
mass and specific gravity of the egg, the shell characteristics (water vapour
conductance, strength, mass, thickness, and density), and the content traits (pH
of the albumen and yolk, Haugh units, and colour and weight of the yolk) were evaluated.
The results obtained suggest that the use of glycerine may contribute to
slowing adverse changes in egg quality during storage by limiting
CO2 removal from the egg content, which allows the egg to maintain albumen
structure. Due to the fact that glycerine is a safe, cheap, and easy-to-apply
substance, its large-scale use in poultry raw material storage seems to be a very real possibility.
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