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Huang J, Li G, Liu B, Gao Y, Wu K, Feng H. Field evaluation the effect of two transgenic Bt maize events on predatory arthropods in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:398-405. [PMID: 38513706 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
To illustrate the impact of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize on the natural enemy communities in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region in China, the abundance of 7 common predator taxa (Geocoris pallidipennis Costa, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), lacewings, Orius sauteri (Poppius), Propylea japonica (Thunberg), spiders, and Staphylinidae) was quantitatively evaluated by comparing Bt-Cry1Ab DBN9936 and Bt-Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125 events to their near non-Bt isolines during the growing season from 2016 to 2019. A total of 10,302, 19,793, 13,536, and 5,672 individuals were observed during 4 years, and the abundance of each taxa on Bt maize varied between sample dates among those arthropod taxa. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of predator communities from 7 taxa showed very similar temporal dynamics and principal response curve analyses to examine community-level effects showed no significant differences in predator abundance in Bt maize compared with non-Bt maize. We conclude that the 2 Bt maize hybrids did not adversely affect the predator community in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan, China
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Tenguri P, Kranthi S, Naik CB, Mari A, Kumar R, Suke R, Nagrare VS, Narkhedkar NG, Waghmare VN, Prasad YG. The comparison of species diversity and abundance of insect natural enemies in the domesticated species of cotton using the yellow pan trap method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2787. [PMID: 38307896 PMCID: PMC10837446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
India is the world's largest cotton producer and the only country that grows all four cultivated cotton species. There have been very few studies on the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of cotton insect pests in these cultivated cotton species. Therefore, the current study (2016-2018) was conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies that cultivated cotton species harbour. Phule Dhanwantari, Suraj, Suvin, RCH-2, and DCH-32 were the five genotypes used in the study, each with a distinct genetic background. Using the adiv 2.0.1 and vegan R packages, we identified significant differences in natural enemies in terms of species diversity, richness, evenness, and abundance. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicated substantial differences in the natural enemy community structure among the examined genotypes. A total of 17,279 natural enemies were collected and identified across genotypes from seven predatory families and five parasitoid families. The percentage share of these natural enemy families across genotypes and years, in descending order, is Coccinellidae (28.23%) < Tachinidae (19.23%) < Braconidae (12.68%) < Chrysopidae (11.65%) < Chalcididae (9.41%) < Aphelinidae (6.33%) < Pentatomidae (3.29%) < Ichneumonidae (2.37%) < Syrphidae (2.33%) < Vespidae (1.81%) < Asilidae (1.79%) < Geocoridae (0.89%). Coccinellidae, Tachinidae, Braconidae, Chrysopidae, Chalcididae, and Aphelinidae are the six major families that account for more than 85% of all recorded natural enemies. These six families have a higher percentage share in Phule Dhanwantary (90%) compared to the other genotypes. The conservation and better utilization of these natural enemies are crucial for the ecological and safe management of insect pests in the cotton ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhulinga Tenguri
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
| | - Sandhya Kranthi
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
- International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), 1629, K Street, NW, Suite 702, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Chinna Babu Naik
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Amutha Mari
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Rishi Kumar
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa, Haryana, 125055, India
| | - Ruchika Suke
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Vishlesh Shankar Nagrare
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Nandini Gokte Narkhedkar
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Vijay Namdeo Waghmare
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Yenumula Gerard Prasad
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Postbag No 2, Shankar Nagar PO, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
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da Cunha TG, Veloso RVDS, de Araújo MMM, Tavares LG, Ribeiro LFB, Tormen GP, Campos DS, Picanço MC, Lopes EA, Pereira RR, Soares MA, da Silva RS. Distribution of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and incidence of maize rayado fino virus and Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris in corn succession planting systems. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2325-2337. [PMID: 36799295 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn is one of the main crops grown globally to produce food for human consumption and animal feed, including raw materials for bioenergy. Effective pest management is critical for the economic viability of corn production. The leafhopper Dalbulus maidis and the diseases transmitted by it have become relevant to corn production. Our study aimed to determine environmental parameters that affect D. maidis populations and the impacts of pathogen dispersion on corn productivity under different rotation systems and sowing seasons. RESULTS The population density of leafhoppers found in the studied crops was low but capable of establishing the diseases and spreading them widely in the crops. The leafhopper's highest occurrence was in the corn vegetative development stage, and its population peaks were earlier in the corn off-season. The incidence of maize rayado fino virus and maize bushy stunt phytoplasma were higher in corn off-season than in the growing season. The incidence of diseases was higher in the final stages of the cultivation cycle. Yield losses were significantly higher for maize bushy stunt phytoplasma and not significant for maize rayado fino virus. CONCLUSION Our study observed that corn's physiological stage was the main factor influencing D. maidis dynamics. The occurrence of D. maidis at low densities was sufficient to ensure the efficient transmission and dissemination of maize rayado fino virus and maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, which had a higher incidence in the reproductive stage and the corn sowed off-season. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Garcia da Cunha
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Miller Mesquita de Araújo
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gabriel Tavares
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Borges Ribeiro
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Pacheco Tormen
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Diogo Santos Campos
- Fazenda Varginha, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros, Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Siqueira da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Xue J, Wang Y, Song X, Li Y. Impact of Transgenic Cry1Ab/2Aj Maize on Abundance of Non-Target Arthropods in the Field. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2520. [PMID: 36235387 PMCID: PMC9572736 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize has broad prospects for application in China. Before commercialization, it is necessary to assess possible ecological impacts, including impacts on non-target arthropods (NTAs) in the field. In the present study, transgenic Bt maize expressing cry1Ab/2Aj and its corresponding non-transformed near isoline were planted under the same environmental and agricultural conditions, and arthropods in the field were collected during the three main growth stages of maize. In a one year trial, the results showed the composition of NTA communities in the transgenic and control maize fields were similar. There were no significant differences for community-level parameters of species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), evenness index (J) and Simpson's dominant concentration (C) between the two types of maize fields. Likewise, a Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and distance analysis showed that Cry1Ab/2Aj toxin exposure did not increase community dissimilarities between Bt and non-Bt maize plots and that the structure of the NTAs community was similar on the two maize varieties. Furthermore, planting of the transgenic cry1Ab/2Aj maize did not affect the density or composition of non-target decomposers, herbivores, predators, parasitoids and pollinator guilds. In summary, our results showed that planting of Bt maize producing Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj proteins do not adversely affect population dynamics and diversity of NTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571025, China
- Sanya Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiabao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571025, China
- Sanya Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Ren Z, Yang M, He H, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Liu B, Xue K. Transgenic Maize Has Insignificant Effects on the Diversity of Arthropods: A 3-Year Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172254. [PMID: 36079638 PMCID: PMC9460771 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide more evidence for the evaluation of the ecological risks of transgenic maize, arthropod population dynamics and biodiversity in fields planted with two kinds of transgenic maize (DBN9868, expressing the PAT and EPSPS genes, and DBN9936, expressing the Cry1Ab and EPSPS gene) were investigated by direct observation and trapping for three years. The recorded arthropod species belonged to 19 orders and 87 families, including Aphidoidea, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae and Araneae. The species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, dominance index and community similarity index of arthropod communities in maize fields were statistically analyzed, and the results showed that (1) the biodiversity difference of arthropod communities between transgenic maize and non-transgenic maize was smaller than that between different conventional cultivars; (2) the differences between ground-dwelling arthropod communities were less obvious than those between plant-inhabiting arthropod communities; and (3) Lepidoptera, the target pests of Bt maize, were not the dominant population in maize fields, and the dominant arthropod population in maize fields varied greatly between years and months. Combining those results, we concluded that the transgenic maize DBN9868 and DBN9936 had no significant effect on the arthropod communities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Ren
- Country Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muzhi Yang
- Country Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haopeng He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (K.X.)
| | - Kun Xue
- Country Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (K.X.)
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Chen Y, Ren M, Pan L, Liu B, Guan X, Tao J. Impact of transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene on community components and biodiversity of arthropods in the fields. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269459. [PMID: 35657976 PMCID: PMC9165892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, transgenic technology has developed rapidly, but the risk of the environmental release of transgenic organisms is still a key issue. Research on the impact on biodiversity is an effective way to objectively evaluate the risk. By taking transgenic maize HGK60 with insect-resistant gene Cry1Ah and common maize Zheng 58 as control, a 2-year experiment of arthropod community biodiversity in fields of them were studied using three methods.in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that a total of 124 species and 38537 individuals were observed from the experiment, belonging to 11 orders and 40 families. There was no significant difference in the individual number and species number of herbivorous, predatory and parasitic groups in the two kinds of maize in two years. Only the individual number of HGK60 was significantly higher than that of common maize Zheng 58 at heading stage in 2019. And the percentages of individual number and species number in different groups were basically the same in the two kinds of maize at each stage in two years. Analyses of Richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Dominance index and Evenness index showed no significant difference between the two kinds of maize in two years. The similarity coefficient of the arthropod community suggested that the arthropod community composition of HGK60 was similar to that of common maize Zheng 58. Furthermore, HGK60 had no significant effect on the relative stability of the arthropod community. These results indicated that despite the presence of a relatively minor difference in arthropod community between the two kinds of maize, the planting of HGK60 had little effect on arthropod community biodiversity. The results provided some data and support for the further studies of environmental risk of transgenic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Ren
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Libo Pan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
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Negligible Impact of Drought-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize on Arthropod Community Structure Observed in a 2-Year Field Investigation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081092. [PMID: 35448820 PMCID: PMC9025266 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors regulate diverse processes during plant development. Here, a 2-year field study was conducted to assess the potential effects of DREB-genetically modified maize (GM1) on arthropod species and ecological communities. Arthropod abundance, diversity, and community composition in GM1 and its non-transformed counterpart maize variety, Chang 7-2, were compared using whole plant inspection, pitfall trap, and suction sampler methods. Based on Shannon–Wiener diversity, Simpson’s diversity, Pielou’s indexes, number of species, and total number of individuals, GM1 had a negligible effect on arthropod abundance and diversity. Redundancy analysis indicated that the composition of arthropod community was not associated with maize type in the three investigation methods, while it exhibited significant correlation with year and sampling time in whole plant inspection and suction sample methods, and distinctly correlated with sampling time in the pitfall trap method. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of variable factors in the three investigation methods showed that sampling time, rather than maize type or year, was closely related to the composition of arthropod community in the field. Our results provide direct evidence to support that DREB-GM maize had negligible effects on arthropods in the Jilin Province under natural conditions.
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Marques LH, Lepping M, Castro BA, Santos AC, Rossetto J, Nunes MZ, Silva OABN, Moscardini VF, de Sá VGM, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Gontijo PC. Field efficacy of Bt cotton containing events DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 against lepidopteran pests and impact on the non-target arthropod community in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251134. [PMID: 33945577 PMCID: PMC8096009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and non-target arthropod effects of transgenic DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 Bt cotton, expressing proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19, was examined through field trials in Brazil. Fifteen field efficacy experiments were conducted from 2014 through the 2020 growing season across six different states in Brazil to evaluate performance against key lepidopteran pests through artificial infestations of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith,1797), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Chloridea virescens (F., 1781), and natural infestations of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) and S. frugiperda. The impact of this Bt cotton technology on the non-target arthropod community in Brazilian cotton production systems was also assessed in a multi-site experiment. DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton significantly reduced the feeding damage caused by S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, C. includens, C. virescens and A. argillacea, causing high levels of mortality (greater than 99%) to all target lepidopteran pests evaluated during vegetative and/or reproductive stages of crop development. Non-target arthropod community-level analyses confirmed no unintended effects on the arthropod groups monitored. These results demonstrate the value of transgenic Bt cotton containing event DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 for consideration as part of an integrated approach for managing key lepidopteran pests in Brazilian cotton production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Lepping
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Boris A. Castro
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L. Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pablo C. Gontijo
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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Wang BF, Wu FC, Yin JQ, Jiang ZL, Song XY, Reddy GVP. Use of Taxonomic and Trait-Based Approaches to Evaluate the Effect of Bt maize Expressing Cry1Ie Protein on Non-Target Collembola: A Case Study in Northeast China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020088. [PMID: 33494149 PMCID: PMC7909786 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bt crops have been planted globally since the first commercial Bt maize was cultivated in the United States in 1996. Bt protein from Bt crops can be released to the soil and may potentially affect the non-target soil fauna. Collembola are one of the three most ubiquitous and abundant soil fauna, they have been widely used as indicators of environmental pollution, IE09S034 is a new cry1Ie maize breed independently developed by China, and Northeast China is the most important location for maize production in China. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether non-target soil Collembola were influenced by the cultivation of cry1Ie maize in Northeast China. Our results showed that maize variety had no significant effects on collembolan abundance, diversity, and morphological trait, indicating that two years cultivation of cry1Ie maize does not have a bad influence on Collembola in Northeast China. Abstract To evaluate the effect of Bt maize expressing Cry1Ie protein on non-target soil Collembola, a two-year field study was conducted in Northeast China. Bt maize line IE09S034 and its near isoline Zong 31 were selected as experimental crops; we investigated the collembolan community using both taxonomic and trait-based approaches, and elucidated the relationship between environmental variables and the collembolan community using redundancy analysis (RDA).The ANOVA results showed that maize variety neither had significant effect on the parameters based on taxonomic approach (abundance, species richness, Shannon–Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness index), nor on the parameters based on trait-based approach (ocelli number, body length, pigmentation level, and furcula development) in either year. The results of RDA also showed that maize variety did not affect collembolan community significantly. These results suggest that two years cultivation of cry1Ie maize does not affect collembolan community in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Feng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Feng-Ci Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Jun-Qi Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Zhi-Lei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
| | - Xin-Yuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (B.-F.W.); (F.-C.W.); (J.-Q.Y.); (Z.-L.J.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA-ARS-Southern Insect Management Research Unit,141 Experiment Station Rd., P.O. Box, 346 Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
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Zhang K, Sun D, Duan C, Chen H, Din AU, Kong X, Qin X, Zhang B. Application of a Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA genetic marker for species identification of dog fecal waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30615-30624. [PMID: 32472511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A dog-associated 16S rDNA genetic marker (ED-1) was designed to detect dog fecal contamination in water through a comparative bioinformatics analysis of Faecalibacterium sequences. For the dog fecal samples, ED-1 had 100% specificity, a high positive rate (89% in dog feces and 92.3% in dog fecal-contaminated water samples), and a low detection limit (107 copies/100 mL) in dog-contaminated water samples. Detection of water samples from seven provinces or cities of China showed that ED-1 was stable enough to be applied in practice. Furthermore, the abundance and diversity of dog gut microbiota from two private house pets (PHP) and Third Military Medical University (TMMU) dogs were estimated by using operational taxonomic units, and the significant differences of dog feces were found, as the PHP dogs have a more diverse diet and closer contact with human than dogs in TMMU. However, ED-1 could detect the feces from the two regions, indicating that ED-1 has good reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Chuanren Duan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Baoyun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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11
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Khorramnejad A, Domínguez-Arrizabalaga M, Caballero P, Escriche B, Bel Y. Study of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia Protein Oligomerization Promoted by Midgut Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Lepidopteran and Coleopteran Insects, or Cultured Insect Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020133. [PMID: 32098045 PMCID: PMC7076784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins that are either secreted during the vegetative growth phase or accumulated in the crystal inclusions (Cry proteins) in the stationary phase. Cry1I proteins share the three domain (3D) structure typical of crystal proteins but are secreted to the media early in the stationary growth phase. In the generally accepted mode of action of 3D Cry proteins (sequential binding model), the formation of an oligomer (tetramer) has been described as a major step, necessary for pore formation and subsequent toxicity. To know if this could be extended to Cry1I proteins, the formation of Cry1Ia oligomers was studied by Western blot, after the incubation of trypsin activated Cry1Ia with insect brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) or insect cultured cells, using Cry1Ab as control. Our results showed that Cry1Ia oligomers were observed only after incubation with susceptible coleopteran BBMV, but not following incubation with susceptible lepidopteran BBMV or non-susceptible Sf21 insect cells, while Cry1Ab oligomers were persistently detected after incubation with all insect tissues tested, regardless of its host susceptibility. The data suggested oligomerization may not necessarily be a requirement for the toxicity of Cry1I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Khorramnejad
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31578-77871, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mikel Domínguez-Arrizabalaga
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Identification of T-DNA Insertion Site and Flanking Sequence of a Genetically Modified Maize Event IE09S034 Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 61:694-702. [PMID: 31256331 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characteristics including information of insertion site, flanking sequence, and copy numbers are the base for the safety assessment and subsequent monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which has to be revealed thoroughly in a case-by-case manner. Although both polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches are proven to be effective in the molecular characterization of most of GM events, they often fail to work with GM maize events, mainly due to the genome complexity. In this study, by using NGS, we successfully identified the 3' end T-DNA insertion site and flanking sequence of a GM maize event IE09S034, which were confirmed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Notably, insertions of unintended exogenous elements were revealed in this event although the single copy of target exogenous genes was also confirmed by digital PCR. The output of this study provides novel and important genetic evidence for the safety assessment and monitoring of GM maize event IE09S034.
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13
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Fernandes MG, Costa EN, Dutra CC, Raizer J. Species Richness and Community Composition of Ants and Beetles in Bt and non-Bt Maize Fields. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1095-1103. [PMID: 31287500 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect-resistant genetically modified (GM) plants have been cultivated in several countries on a large scale. These plants express the Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Bt), which confers target-pest resistance to plants. Studies on the effects of GM plants on nontarget organisms are important to assess the technology's impact on biodiversity. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the species richness and composition of ants and ground beetles in Bt maize (four different toxins: Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2) and conventional isoline (non-Bt) fields, in the first (summer) and second (winter) cropping seasons in 13 localities of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, over a 2-yr period (2009-2011). The assessment of Coleoptera and Formicidae species was performed using pitfall traps placed in fields throughout the period of vegetative growth and maturation of plants. Data were analyzed using faunistic indices of species richness, ordination by nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and multivariate analysis of variance. No statistically significant difference was found in the species richness of ant and ground beetle communities when comparing sites of Bt with those of non-Bt maize. Overall, Bt technology did not affect the composition of ant and ground beetles; however, municipality and cropping season exerted influence on the beetle composition. Some species were only observed in the first crop, whereas others were only observed in the second crop. This research suggests that Bt maize does not affect ant and ground beetle populations differently from its isoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGECB), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais- FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Dutra
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Josué Raizer
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGECB), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais- FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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14
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Wang L, Pokharel SS, Chen F. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the food utilization, growth, development and reproduction of armyworm (Mythimna separata) fed on Bacillus thuringiensis maize. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7679. [PMID: 31565581 PMCID: PMC6745183 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cultivation of Bt maize (maize genetically modified with Bacillus thuringiensis) continues to expand globally. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), an important kind of microorganism closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, may influence the ecological risk of target lepidopteran pests in Bt crops. METHODS In this study, transgenic Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize cv. Xianyu335) was inoculated with a species of AMF, Glomus caledonium (GC). Its effects on the food utilization, reproduction and development of armyworm, Mythimna separata, were studied in a potted experiment from 2017 to 2018. RESULTS GC inoculation increased the AMF colonization of both modified and non-modified maize, and also increased the grain weight per plant and 1,000-grain weight of modified and non-modified maize. However, the cultivation of Bt maize did not significantly affect the AMF colonization. The feeding of M. separata with Bt maize resulted in a notable decrease in RCR (relative consumption rate), RGR (relative growth rate), AD (approximate digestibility), ECD (efficiency of conversion of digested food) and ECI (efficiency of conversion of ingested food) parameters in comparison to those observed in larvae fed with non-Bt maize in 2017 and 2018, regardless of GC inoculation. Furthermore, remarkable prolongation of larval life span and decreases in the rate of pupation, weight of pupa, rate of eclosion, fecundity and adult longevity of M. separata were observed in the Bt treatment regardless of GC inoculation during the two-year experiment. Also, when M. separata was fed with Bt maize, a significant prolongation of larval life and significant decreases in the pupal weight, fecundity and adult longevity of M. separata were observed when inoculated with GC. However, it was just the opposite for larvae fed with non-Bt maize that was inoculated with GC. The increased percentage of larval life-span, the decreased percentages of the food utilization, and the other indexes of reproduction, growth, and development of M. separata fed on Bt maize relative to non-Bt maize were all visibly lower when under GC inoculation in contrast to the CK. DISCUSSION It is presumed that Bt maize has a marked adverse impact on M. separata development, reproduction and feeding, especially when in combination with the GC inoculation. Additionally, GC inoculation favors the effectiveness of Bt maize against M. separata larvae by reducing their food utilization ability, which negatively affects the development and reproduction of the armyworm. Thus, Bt maize inoculated with AMF (here, GC) can reduce the severe threats arising of armyworms, and hence the AMF inoculation may play an important ecological functions in the field of Bt maize ecosystem, with potentially high control efficiency for the target lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Fan C, Wu F, Dong J, Wang B, Yin J, Song X. No impact of transgenic cry1Ie maize on the diversity, abundance and composition of soil fauna in a 2-year field trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10333. [PMID: 31316140 PMCID: PMC6637194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fauna play an essential role in the soil ecosystem, but they may be influenced by insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. In this study, a 2-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of transgenic cry1Ie maize, a type of Bt maize (Event IE09S034), on soil fauna, with the near-isogenic line non-Bt maize (Zong 31) as a control. The soil animals were collected with Macfadyen heat extractor and hand-sorting methods, respectively, and their diversity, abundance and community composition were calculated. Then, the effects of maize type, year, sampling time and soil environmental factors on the soil fauna were evaluated by repeated-measures ANOVA, redundancy analysis (RDA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the diversity and abundance of the soil fauna were not affected by maize type, while they were significantly influenced by year and sampling time. Furthermore, for both the Macfadyen and hand-sorting methods, RDA indicated that soil fauna community composition was not correlated with maize type (Bt and non-Bt maize) but was significantly correlated with year, sampling time and root biomass. In addition, it was significantly related to soil pH according to the hand-sorting method. nMDS indicated that soil fauna community composition was significantly correlated with year and sampling time; however, it was not associated with maize type. In this study, we collected soil faunal samples according to the Macfadyen and hand-sorting methods and processed the obtained data with ANOVA, RDA, and nMDS in three ways, and our data indicate that transgenic cry1Ie maize (Event IE09S034) had no substantial influence on the diversity, abundance or community composition of the soil fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.,Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fengci Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jinye Dong
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Baifeng Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Junqi Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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16
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Song X, Chang L, Reddy GVP, Zhang L, Fan C, Wang B. Use of Taxonomic and Trait-Based Approaches to Evaluate the Effects of Transgenic Cry1Ac Corn on the Community Characteristics of Soil Collembola. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:263-269. [PMID: 30596993 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget soil fauna in fields planted with transgenic Bt crops may be influenced by the Bt protein following crop establishment. Here, we investigated the effects of transgenic Cry1Ac corn Bt-799 on soil Collembola using both taxonomic and trait-based approaches in an experimental field in northeast China from 2014 to 2015. The relationship between the collembolan community and environmental variables (including corn type) was investigated using redundancy analysis (RDA). In May 2015, we found that collembolan species richness, Shannon-Wiener's index, and all trait values examined in transgenic Cry1Ac corn (Event Bt-799, Bt corn) were lower than in its near isoline (Zheng 58, non-Bt corn). However, this significant influence did not persist in the subsequent corn growth period. For all other sampling periods over 2-yr study, all indices based on taxonomic (abundance, species richness, and Shannon-Wiener's index) and trait-based (number of ocelli, body size, pigmentation, furcula development, and antennae length) approaches in Bt corn were not significantly different from non-Bt corn. The results showed no significant difference between the two corn types in the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that corn type only explained 1% of the variation in the collembolan community. These results suggested that Bt corn did not affect collembolan community characteristics in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Song
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Gadi V P Reddy
- Department of Research Centers, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, Conrad, MT
| | - Ling Zhang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunmiao Fan
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Baifeng Wang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun, China
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17
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Li Z, Parajulee MN, Chen F. Influence of elevated CO 2 on development and food utilization of armyworm Mythimna separata fed on transgenic Bt maize infected by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5138. [PMID: 30002971 PMCID: PMC6035865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bt crops will face a new ecological risk of reduced effectiveness against target-insect pests owing to the general decrease in exogenous-toxin content in Bt crops grown under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). The method chosen to deal with this issue may affect the sustainability of transgenic crops as an effective pest management tool, especially under future atmospheric CO2 level raising. METHODS In this study, rhizobacterias, as being one potential biological regulator to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, was selected and the effects of Bt maize (Line IE09S034 with Cry1Ie vs. its parental line of non-Bt maize Xianyu 335) infected by Azospirillum brasilense (AB) and Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) on the development and food utilization of the target Mythimna separate under ambient and double-ambient CO2 in open-top chambers from 2016 to 2017. RESULTS The results indicated that rhizobacteria infection significantly increased the larval life-span, pupal duration, relative consumption rate and approximate digestibility of M. separata, and significantly decreased the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity, relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of M. separata fed on Bt maize, while here were opposite trends in development and food utilization of M. separata fed on non-Bt maize infected with AB and AC compared with the control buffer in 2016 and 2017 regardless of CO2 level. DISCUSSION Simultaneously, elevated CO2 and Bt maize both had negative influence on the development and food utilization of M. separata. Presumably, CO2 concentration arising in future significantly can increase their intake of food and harm to maize crop; however, Bt maize infected with rhizobacterias can reduce the field hazards from M. separata and the application of rhizobacteria infection can enhance the resistance of Bt maize against target lepidoptera pests especially under elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Megha N. Parajulee
- AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Marques LH, Santos AC, Castro BA, Storer NP, Babcock JM, Lepping MD, Sa V, Moscardini VF, Rule DM, Fernandes OA. Impact of transgenic soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins on the non-target arthropod community associated with soybean in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191567. [PMID: 29394266 PMCID: PMC5796694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-scale studies that examine the potential for adverse effects of Bt crop technology on non-target arthropods may supplement data from laboratory studies to support an environmental risk assessment. A three year field study was conducted in Brazil to evaluate potential for adverse effects of cultivating soybean event DAS-81419-2 that produces the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins. To do so, we examined the diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods (NTAs) in Bt soybean in comparison with its non-Bt near isoline, with and without conventional insecticide applications, in three Brazilian soybean producing regions. Non-target arthropod abundance was surveyed using Moericke traps (yellow pan) and pitfall trapping. Total abundance (N), richness (S), Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson's (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) values for arthropod samples were calculated for each treatment and sampling period (soybean growth stages). A faunistic analysis was used to select the most representative NTAs which were used to describe the NTA community structure associated with soybean, and to test for effects due to the treatments effects via application of the Principal Response Curve (PRC) method. Across all years and sites, a total of 254,054 individuals from 190 taxa were collected by Moericke traps, while 29,813 individuals from 100 taxa were collected using pitfall traps. Across sites and sampling dates, the abundance and diversity measurements of representative NTAs were not significantly affected by Bt soybean as compared with non-sprayed non-Bt soybean. Similarly, community analyses and repeated measures ANOVA, when applicable, indicated that neither Bt soybean nor insecticide sprays altered the structure of the NTA communities under study. These results support the conclusion that transgenic soybean event DAS-81419-2 producing Cry1Ac and Cry1F toxins does not adversely affect the NTA community associated with soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. Marques
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Boris A. Castro
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - Miles D. Lepping
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Verissimo Sa
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dwain M. Rule
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Odair A. Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Adams PR, Orr DB, Arellano C, Cardoza YJ. Soil and Foliar Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Five Cropping Systems in the Coastal Plains of North Carolina. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:771-783. [PMID: 28881946 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil and foliar arthropod populations in agricultural settings respond to environmental disturbance and degradation, impacting functional biodiversity in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate system level management effects on soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity in corn and soybean. Our field experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replicates for five farming systems which included: Conventional clean till, conventional long rotation, conventional no-till, organic clean till, and organic reduced till. Soil arthropod sampling was accomplished by pitfall trapping. Foliar arthropod sampling was accomplished by scouting corn and sweep netting soybean. Overall soil arthropod abundance was significantly impacted by cropping in corn and for foliar arthropods in soybeans. Conventional long rotation and organic clean till systems were highest in overall soil arthropod abundance for corn while organic reduced till systems exceeded all other systems for overall foliar arthropod abundance in soybeans. Foliar arthropod abundance over sampling weeks was significantly impacted by cropping system and is suspected to be the result of in-field weed and cover crop cultivation practices. This suggests that the sum of management practices within production systems impact soil and foliar arthropod abundance and diversity and that the effects of these systems are dynamic over the cropping season. Changes in diversity may be explained by weed management practices as sources of disturbance and reduced arthropod refuges via weed reduction. Furthermore, our results suggest agricultural systems lower in management intensity, whether due to organic practices or reduced levels of disturbance, foster greater arthropod diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Adams
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613
- North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC 27601
| | - David B Orr
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613
| | - Consuelo Arellano
- North Carolina Department of Statistics, Campus Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695-8203
| | - Yasmin J Cardoza
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613
- Bayer CropScience, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC 27560
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20
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Li Y, Liu Y, Yin X, Romeis J, Song X, Chen X, Geng L, Peng Y, Li Y. Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030108. [PMID: 28300767 PMCID: PMC5371863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are prevalent predators and pollen feeders in East Asian maize fields. They are therefore indirectly (via prey) and directly (via pollen) exposed to Cry proteins within Bt-transgenic maize fields. The effects of Cry1Ie-producing transgenic maize pollen on the fitness of P. japonica was assessed using two dietary-exposure experiments in the laboratory. In the first experiment, survival, larval developmental time, adult fresh weight, and fecundity did not differ between ladybirds consuming Bt or non-Bt maize pollen. In the second experiment, none of the tested lethal and sublethal parameters of P. japonica were negatively affected when fed a rapeseed pollen-based diet containing Cry1Ie protein at 200 μg/g dry weight of diet. In contrast, the larval developmental time, adult fresh weight, and fecundity of P. japonica were significantly adversely affected when fed diet containing the positive control compound E-64. In both experiments, the bioactivity of the Cry1Ie protein in the food sources was confirmed by bioassays with a Cry1Ie-sensitive lepidopteran species. These results indicated that P. japonica are not affected by the consumption of Cry1Ie-expressing maize pollen and are not sensitive to the Cry1Ie protein, suggesting that the growing of Bt maize expressing Cry1Ie protein will pose a negligible risk to P. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jörg Romeis
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Agroscope, Biosafety Research Group, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130124, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yufa Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yunhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dai PL, Jia HR, Jack CJ, Geng LL, Liu F, Hou CS, Diao QY, Ellis JD. Bt Cry1Ie Toxin Does Not Impact the Survival and Pollen Consumption of Chinese Honey Bees, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2259-2263. [PMID: 27670271 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cry1Ie gene may be a good candidate for the development of Bt maize because over-expression of Cry1Ie is highly toxic to Lepidopteran pests such as Heliothis armigera Hübner and Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée. The Bt cry1Ie gene also has no cross resistance with other insecticidal proteins such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ah, or Cry1F. Chinese honey bees (Apis cerana cerana) are potentially exposed to insect-resistant genetically modified (IRGM) crops expressing Cry1Ie toxin via the collection of IRGM crop pollen. In this study, we tested whether Chinese honey bee workers are negatively affected by sugar syrup containing 20, 200, or 20,000 ng/ml Cry1Ie toxin and 48 ng/ml imidacloprid under controlled laboratory conditions. Our results demonstrated that the Cry1Ie toxin does not adversely impact survival and pollen consumption of Chinese honey bees. However, imidacloprid decreases Chinese honey bee survival and the total pollen consumption on the 5th, 6th, and 18th d of exposure. The described bioassay is suitable to assess the effects of GM expressed toxins against honey bee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (; ; )
| | - Hui-Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; )
| | - Cameron J Jack
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA (; )
| | - Li-Li Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; )
| | - Feng Liu
- Apiculture Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (; ; )
| | - Qing-Yun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (; ; )
| | - James D Ellis
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA (; )
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Dai PL, Jia HR, Geng LL, Diao QY. Bt Toxin Cry1Ie Causes No Negative Effects on Survival, Pollen Consumption, or Olfactory Learning in Worker Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1028-1033. [PMID: 27122497 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) is a key nontarget insect in environmental risk assessments of insect-resistant genetically modified crops. In controlled laboratory conditions, we evaluated the potential effects of Cry1Ie toxin on survival, pollen consumption, and olfactory learning of young adult honey bees. We exposed worker bees to syrup containing 20, 200, or 20,000 ng/ml Cry1Ie toxin, and also exposed some bees to 48 ng/ml imidacloprid as a positive control for exposure to a sublethal concentration of a toxic product. Results suggested that Cry1Ie toxin carries no risk to survival, pollen consumption, or learning capabilities of young adult honey bees. However, during oral exposure to the imidacloprid treatments, honey bee learning behavior was affected and bees consumed significantly less pollen than the control and Cry1Ie groups.
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