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Gao J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Sha L, Song Q, Lin Y, Yu G, Zhang J, Zheng X, Fang Y, Grace J, Zhao J, Xu J, Gui H, Sinclair F, Zhang Y. Litter-derived nitrogen reduces methane uptake in tropical rainforest soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157891. [PMID: 35952876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Litter comprises a major nutrient source when decomposed via soil microbes and functions as subtract that limits gas exchange between soil and atmosphere, thereby restricting methane (CH4) uptake in soils. However, the impact and inherent mechanism of litter and its decomposition on CH4 uptake in soils remains unknown in forest. Therefore, to declare the mechanisms of litter input and decomposition effect on the soil CH4 flux in forest, this study performed a litter-removal experiment in a tropical rainforest, and investigated the effects of litter input and decomposition on the CH4 flux among forest ecosystems through a literature review. Cumulative annual CH4 flux was -3.30 kg CH4-C ha-1 y-1. The litter layer decreased annual accumulated CH4 uptake by 8% which greater in the rainy season than the dry season in the tropical rainforest. Litter decomposition and the input of carbon and nitrogen in litter biomass reduced CH4 uptake significantly and the difference in CH4 flux between treatment with litter and without litter was negatively associated with N derived from litter input. Based on the literature review about litter effect on soil CH4 around world forests, the effect of litter dynamics on CH4 uptake was regulated by litter-derived nitrogen input and the amount soil inorganic nitrogen content. Our results suggest that nitrogen input via litter decomposition, which increased with temperature, caused a decline in CH4 uptake by forest soils, which could weaken the contribution of the forest in mitigating global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yuntong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China
| | - Liqing Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Youxing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - John Grace
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Junbin Zhao
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, China
| | - Heng Gui
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Fergus Sinclair
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yiping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China; Xishuangbanna Station for Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem Studies, Chinese Ecosystem Research Net, Mengla, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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Xiong H, Ma H, Zhao H, Yang L, Hu B, Wang J, Shi X, Zhang Y, Rennenberg H. Integrated physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses provide new insights into nitrogen remobilization in citrus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1628-1645. [PMID: 35225347 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) remobilization is an important physiological process that supports the growth and development of trees. However, in evergreen broad-leaved tree species, such as citrus, the mechanisms of N remobilization are not completely understood. Therefore, we quantified the potential of N remobilization from senescing leaves of spring shoots to mature leaves of autumn shoots of citrus trees under different soil N availabilities and further explored the underlying N metabolism characteristics by physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses. Citrus exposed to low N had an approximately 38% N remobilization efficiency (NRE), whereas citrus exposed to high N had an NRE efficiency of only 4.8%. Integrated physiological, proteomic and gene expression analyses showed that photosynthesis, N and carbohydrate metabolism interact with N remobilization. The improvement of N metabolism and photosynthesis, the accumulation of proline and arginine, and delayed degradation of storage protein in senescing leaves are the result of sufficient N supply and low N remobilization. Proteome further showed that energy generation proteins and glutamate synthase were hub proteins affecting N remobilization. In addition, N requirement of mature leaves is likely met by soil supply at high N nutrition, thereby resulting in low N remobilization. These results provide insight into N remobilization mechanisms of citrus that are of significance for N fertilizer management in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- Health Science Center, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Responses of Soil N2O Emission and CH4 Uptake to N Input in Chinese Forests across Climatic Zones: A Meta-Study. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition has shown significant impacts on forest greenhouse gas emissions. Previous studies have suggested that Chinese forests may exhibit stronger N2O sources and dampened CH4 sinks under aggravated N saturation. To gain a common understanding of the N effects on forest N2O and CH4 fluxes, many have conducted global-scale meta-analyses. However, such effects have not been quantified particularly for China. Here, we present a meta-study of the N input effects on soil N2O emission and CH4 uptake in Chinese forests across climatic zones. The results suggest that enhanced N inputs significantly increase soil N2O emission (+115.8%) and decrease CH4 uptake (−13.4%). The mean effects were stronger for N2O emission and weaker for CH4 uptake in China compared with other global sites, despite being statistically insignificant. Subtropical forest soils have the highest emission factor (2.5%) and may respond rapidly to N inputs; in relatively N-limited temperate forests, N2O and CH4 fluxes are less sensitive to N inputs. Factors including forest type, N form and rate, as well as soil pH, may also govern the responses of N2O and CH4 fluxes. Our findings pinpoint the important role of Southern Chinese forests in the regional N2O and CH4 budgets.
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The Impact of Modifications in Forest Litter Inputs on Soil N2O Fluxes: A Meta-Analysis. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although litter can regulate the global climate by influencing soil N2O fluxes, there is no consensus on the major drivers or their relative importance and how these impact at the global scale. In this paper, we conducted a meta-analysis of 21 global studies to quantify the impact of litter removal and litter doubling on soil N2O fluxes from forests. Overall, our results showed that litter removal significantly reduced soil N2O fluxes (−19.0%), while a doubling of the amount of litter significantly increased soil N2O fluxes (30.3%), based on the results of a small number of studies. Litter removal decreased the N2O fluxes from tropical forest and temperate forest. The warmer the climate, the greater the soil acidity, and the larger the soil C:N ratio, the greater the impact on N2O emissions, which was particularly evident in tropical forest ecosystems. The decreases in soil N2O fluxes associated with litter removal were greater in acid soils (pH < 6.5) or soils with a C:N > 15. Litter removal decreased soil N2O fluxes from coniferous forests (−21.8%) and broad-leaved forests (−17.2%) but had no significant effect in mixed forests. Soil N2O fluxes were significantly reduced in experiments where the duration of litter removal was <1 year. These results showed that modifications in ecosystem N2O fluxes due to changes in the ground litter vary with forest type and need to be considered when evaluating current and future greenhouse gas budgets.
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Yu L, Zhu J, Ji H, Bai X, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Sha L, Liu Y, Song Q, Dörsch P, Mulder J, Zhou W. Topography-related controls on N 2O emission and CH 4 uptake in a tropical rainforest catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145616. [PMID: 33631582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils in the warm-humid tropics significantly contribute to the regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. However, spatial heterogeneity of GHG fluxes is often overlooked. Here, we present a study of N2O and CH4 fluxes over 1.5 years, along a topographic gradient in a rainforest catchment in Xishuangbanna, SW China. From the upper hillslope to the foot of the hillslope, and further to the flat groundwater discharge zone, we observed a decrease of N2O emission associated with an increase of soil water-filled-pore-space (WFPS), which we tentatively attribute to more complete denitrification to N2 at larger WFPS. In the well-drained soils on the hillslope, denitrification at anaerobic microsites or under transient water-saturation was the potential N2O source. Negative CH4 fluxes across the catchment indicated a net soil CH4 sink. As the oxidation of atmospheric CH4 is diffusion-limited, soil CH4 consumption rates were negatively related to WFPS, reflecting the topographic control. Our observations also suggest that during dry seasons N2O emission was significantly dampened (<10 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) and CH4 uptake was strongly enhanced (83 μg CH4-C m-2 h-1) relative to wet seasons (17 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1 and 56 μg CH4-C m-2 h-1). In a post-drought period, several rain episodes induced exceptionally high N2O emissions (450 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) in the groundwater discharge zone, likely driven by flushing of labile organic carbon accumulated during drought. Considering the global warming potential associated with both GHGs, we found that N2O emissions largely offset the C sink contributed by CH4 uptake in soils (more significant in the groundwater discharge zone). Our study illustrates important topographic controls on N2O and CH4 fluxes in forest soils. With projected climate change in the tropics, weather extremes may interact with these controls in regulating forest GHG fluxes, which should be accounted for in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, 54004 Guilin, China.
| | - Hongli Ji
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 332900 Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Youxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Liqing Sha
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Mengla, Yunnan, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666303 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China.
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Dawar K, Khan A, Sardar K, Fahad S, Saud S, Datta R, Danish S. Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and mulch on N 2O emission and fertilizer use efficiency using 15N tracing techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143739. [PMID: 33229088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that shares 7% of global warming around the world. Among different sources, agricultural systems account for approx. 60% of global anthropogenic N2O emissions. These N2O emissions are associated with the activity of nitrifiers and denitrifiers that contribute to >4 Tg (teragrams) N2O-N emission per year. Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and manures in agricultural fields plays an imperative role in this regard. On the other hand nitrification inhibitors are an effective approach to minimize N2O-N emissions from agricultural fields. Here we examined the effects of applying urea with a nitrification inhibitor (Ni) nitrapyrin and mulch (Mu) on urea transformation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, grain yield and nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency. The treatments include a control (zero N), urea (U) applied at 200 kg N ha-1, U + Ni (Ni applied at 700 g ha-1), U+ Mu (Mu applied at 4 t ha-1) and U + Ni + Mu. The N2O emission factor (EF) was 66% and 75% when U and Mu were applied, respectively. Yield-scaled N2O emissions were lower in U and Mu by 45% and 55%, respectively. The Ni coupled with Mu enhanced urea-15N recovery by 58% and wheat grain yield by 23% and total N uptake by 30% compared with U alone. In conclusion, Ni usage is an effective strategy to mitigate N2O emissions under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadim Dawar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Khan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kamil Sardar
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
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Aamer M, Shaaban M, Hassan MU, Guoqin H, Ying L, Hai Ying T, Rasul F, Qiaoying M, Zhuanling L, Rasheed A, Peng Z. Biochar mitigates the N 2O emissions from acidic soil by increasing the nosZ and nirK gene abundance and soil pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109891. [PMID: 32063300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a pervasive greenhouse gas, and soil management practices greatly affect its release into the atmosphere. Soil pH management (particularly increasing the pH) using biochar can seriously affect soil N2O emissions. The current incubation experiment was conducted to explore the response of N2O emissions from acidic soils using various doses of biochar. Soil with a pH of 5.48 was treated with rice straw biochar at different doses (0%, 1% and 2%) and incubated with 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The soil N2O emissions, pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nosZ and nirK gene abundance were determined at various intervals throughout the study. The biochar application (2%) increased the soil pH (from 5.48 to 6.11), triggered the transformation of nitrogen, and augmented the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes. Higher magnitudes of cumulative soil N2O emissions (48.60 μg kg-1) were noted in the control (no biochar) compared to 1% (28.10 μg kg-1) and 2% (14.50 μg kg-1) biochar application. The 2% biochar application more effectively decreased the soil N2O emissions, mainly because of the increased nosZ and nirK gene abundance at higher soil pH levels. The findings suggest that the amelioration of acidic soil with rice straw biochar can considerably control soil N2O emissions by elevating the soil pH and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Huang Guoqin
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Liu Ying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tang Hai Ying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ma Qiaoying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Li Zhuanling
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhang Peng
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Van Do T, Thang NT, Lam VT, Van Thuyet D, Trung PD, Quy TH, Phuong NTT, Huyen LTT, Thinh NH, Van Tuan N, Duc DT, Ha DTH, Trung DQ, Luong HT, Anh NTH, Nykiel P. Monitoring fine root growth to identify optimal fertilization timing in a forest plantation: A case study in Northeast Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225567. [PMID: 31765411 PMCID: PMC6876795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilizer is applied widely to improve the productivity of plantations. Traditionally, fertilization is conducted in spring and/or in the early rainy season, and it is believed to support the growth of planted trees in the growing season. Little attention to date has been paid on identification of the optimal timing of fertilization and fertilizer dose. In this study, application of the fine root monitoring technique in identifying optimal fertilization timing for an Acacia plantation in Vietnam is described. The study used two fertilizer doses (100 and 200 g NPK/tree) and three fertilization timings (in spring; in the early rainy season; and based on the fine root monitoring technique to identify when the fine roots reach their growth peak). As expected fertilization timings significantly affected growth and above-ground biomass (AGB) of the plantation. Fertilization based on the fine root monitoring technique resulted in the highest growths and AGB, followed by fertilization in the early rainy season and then in spring. Applying fertilizer at 200 g NPK/tree based on the fine root monitoring technique increased diameter at breast height (DBH) by 16%, stem height by 8%, crown diameter (Dc) by 16%, and AGB by 40% as compared to early rainy season fertilization. Increases of 32% DBH, 23% stem height, 44% Dc, and 87% AGB were found in fertilization based on fine root monitoring technique compared to spring fertilization. This study concluded that forest growers should use the fine root monitoring technique to identify optimal fertilization timing for higher productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Do
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Nguyen Toan Thang
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Tien Lam
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Van Thuyet
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phung Dinh Trung
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Quy
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ly Thi Thanh Huyen
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Thinh
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuan
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Trung Duc
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Hai Ha
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Quang Trung
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ho Trung Luong
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoai Anh
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Patrick Nykiel
- Independent Australian Researcher, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Assessment of Environmental Impact of the Gayo Arabica Coffee Production by Wet Process using Life Cycle Assessment. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Increasement of demand for gayo arabica coffee has influenced the coffee industry, either in increasing the coffee production and also in increasing the usage of coffee machinery and equipment significantly. However, combustion of oil fuels result the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) which increase the effect of greenhouse gases from the coffee production process. This study aimed to analyze the direct impact of gayo coffee production towards environment using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, including several stages such as (1) the goal and scope definition, (2) the inventory analysis, (3) the impact assessment, and (4) the interpretation. Results of this study showed that the energy needed to process 1000 kg of coffee was 7.67 MJ, while the produced liquid waste was 5 953.2 kg. The value of the global warming impact on the coffee life cycle was 56 807 165.63 CO2eq.
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Introduction of a leguminous shrub to a rubber plantation changed the soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and ameliorated soil environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17324. [PMID: 30470791 PMCID: PMC6251934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of monoculture rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations into rubber-based agroforestry systems has become a common trend in forestry management in the past few decades. Rubber–Flemingia macrophylla (a leguminous shrub) systems are popular in southwestern China’s Xishuangbanna region. The biogeochemical cycles of soil carbon and nitrogen in forests are mainly affected by their fractions. This study investigated the effect of introducing Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages on soil carbon and nitrogen fractions. The experimental treatments included R1 (young rubber plantation), RF1 (young rubber–Flemingia macrophylla system), R2 (mature rubber plantation) and RF2 (mature rubber–Flemingia macrophylla system). The results showed that the introduction of Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages significantly changed soil carbon and nitrogen fractions, improved soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen contents, and ameliorated soil environments. The average soil microbial biomass organic carbon, nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in the 0–10 cm soil layer during the experimental period was 38.9%, 55.5%, and 214.7% higher in RF1 than R1, respectively, and 22.1%, 22.2%, and 652.2% higher in RF2 than R2, respectively. Therefore, Flemingia macrophylla can be used as an alternative interplanted tree species within rubber plantations in similar environments of southeastern Asia.
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Xu J, Wei Q, Yang S, Liao L, Qi Z, Wang W. Soil degassing during watering: An overlooked soil N 2O emission process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:257-263. [PMID: 29990933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulse diffusive nitrous oxide (N2O) emission following water application is well documented, whereas N2O emission caused by soil water-air displacement during the watering process (termed as soil degassing) has been largely overlooked. Watering-induced N2O emissions from ten different soils in China were quantified, and found to range from 74.4 ± 6.7 to 678.1 ± 36.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1 in surface watered (SW) soils, and from 45.6 ± 4.4 to 358.1 ± 23.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1 in subsurface watered (SUW) soils. These N2O fluxes were much larger than the diffusive N2O flux from the same soil either under dry (7.9%-9.6% water filled pore space, WFPS) or wet (85.1%-93.6% WFPS) conditions. The watering process (the water infiltration process upon irrigation/rainfall or the process of shallow groundwater uplifting) resulted in massive N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Shihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Linxian Liao
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Weiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Gao J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Zhu J, Sha L, Song Q, Ji H, Lin Y, Fei X, Bai X, Zhang X, Deng Y, Deng X, Yu G, Zhang J, Zheng X, Grace J, Zhang Y. Effects of Litter Inputs on N2O Emissions from a Tropical Rainforest in Southwest China. Ecosystems 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scheer C, Rowlings D, Firrell M, Deuter P, Morris S, Riches D, Porter I, Grace P. Nitrification inhibitors can increase post-harvest nitrous oxide emissions in an intensive vegetable production system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43677. [PMID: 28266551 PMCID: PMC5339787 DOI: 10.1038/srep43677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 3-methylpyrazole 1,2,4-triazole (3MP + TZ), on N2O emissions and yield from a typical vegetable rotation in sub-tropical Australia we monitored soil N2O fluxes continuously over an entire year using an automated greenhouse gas measurement system. The temporal variation of N2O fluxes showed only low emissions over the vegetable cropping phases, but significantly higher emissions were observed post-harvest accounting for 50–70% of the annual emissions. NIs reduced N2O emissions by 20–60% over the vegetable cropping phases; however, this mitigation was offset by elevated N2O emissions from the NIs treatments over the post-harvest fallow period. Annual N2O emissions from the conventional fertiliser, the DMPP treatment, and the 3MP + TZ treatment were 1.3, 1.1 and 1.6 (sem = 0.2) kg-N ha−1 year−1, respectively. This study highlights that the use of NIs in vegetable systems can lead to elevated N2O emissions by storing N in the soil profile that is available to soil microbes during the decomposition of the vegetable residues. Hence the use of NIs in vegetable systems has to be treated carefully and fertiliser rates need to be adjusted to avoid an oversupply of N during the post-harvest phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Scheer
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - David Rowlings
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Mary Firrell
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland), Gatton Research Station, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Peter Deuter
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland), Gatton Research Station, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Stephen Morris
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar NSW 2480, Australia
| | - David Riches
- School of Life Sciences, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Ian Porter
- School of Life Sciences, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia
| | - Peter Grace
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Li Y, Lan G, Xia Y. Rubber Trees Demonstrate a Clear Retranslocation Under Seasonal Drought and Cold Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1907. [PMID: 28066467 PMCID: PMC5168426 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Having been introduced to the northern edge of Asian tropics, the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) has become deciduous in this climate with seasonal drought and cold stresses. To determine its internal nutrient strategy during leaf senescence and deciduous periods, we investigated mature leaf and senescent leaf nutrients, water-soluble soil nutrients and characteristics of soil microbiota in nine different ages of monoculture rubber plantations. Rubber trees demonstrate complicated retranslocation of N, P, and K during foliar turnover. Approximately 50.26% of leaf nutrients and 21.47% of soil nutrients were redistributed to the rubber tree body during the leaf senescence and withering stages. However, no significant changes in the structure- or function-related properties of soil microbes were detected. These nutrient retranslocation strategy may be important stress responses. In the nutrient retranslocation process, soil plays a dual role as nutrient supplier and nutrient "bank." Soil received the nutrients from abscised leaves, and also supplied nutrients to trees in the non-growth stage. Nutrient absorption and accumulation began before the leaves started to wither and fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan, China
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHainan, China
| | - Guoyu Lan
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHainan, China
| | - Yujie Xia
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesYunnan, China
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