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Huang Y, Wang Z. Therapeutic potential of SOX family transcription factors in osteoarthritis. Ann Med 2025; 57:2457520. [PMID: 39887675 PMCID: PMC11789227 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2457520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the worldwide population ages, osteoarthritis has significantly increased. This musculoskeletal condition has become a pressing global health issue and thus, prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis have become the primary focus of domestic and international research. Scholarly investigations of the molecular mechanisms that are related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis have shed light on the pathological causes of this condition to a certain extent, providing a foundation for its prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the critical role of the transcription factor SOX9 in chondrocyte differentiation and the development of osteoarthritis. As a result, there has been widespread interest in SOX transcription factors. While SOX9 has been utilized as a biomarker to indicate the occurrence and prognosis of osteoarthritis, investigations into other members of the SOX family and the development of targeted treatments around SOX9 are still required. PURPOSE This article considers the impact of the SOX protein on the development and inhibition of osteoarthritis and highlights the need for therapeutic approaches targeting SOX9, as supported by existing research. RESULTS SOX9 can contribute to the process of osteoarthritis through acetylation and ubiquitination modifications. The regulation of the WNT signalling pathway, Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway, NF-κB signalling pathway and SOX9 is implicated in the emergence of osteoarthritis. Non-coding RNA may play a role in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis by modulating various SOX family members, including SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX6, SOX8, SOX9 and SOX11. CONCLUSION SOX9 has the capability of mitigating the onset and progression of osteoarthritis through means such as medication therapy, stem cell therapy, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector therapy, physical therapy and other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Baran K, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Kryczka J, Boncela J, Czechowska A, Kopacz K, Padula G, Nowak K, Domżalski M. The Expression Level of SOX Family Transcription Factors' mRNA as a Diagnostic Marker for Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2025; 14:1176. [PMID: 40004707 PMCID: PMC11856735 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives:Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative and chronic joint disease and is a leading cause of pain and disability in adults worldwide. The SRY-related HMG box (SOX) family transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role during the pathogenesis of OA; however, their exact mechanisms remain unexplored. The aim of our study was to conduct a bioinformatics analysis of the common interactions of SOX-5, SOX-9, and SOX-11 with other proteins, as well as their role in OA pathogenesis. Methods:SOX5, SOX9, and SOX11 mRNA expression levels in articular cartilage with subchondral bone and synovium from knee OA patients were assessed using the qPCR method. The study group consisted of thirty-one patients (n = 31). Total RNA was isolated from the articular cartilage with subchondral bone and synovium from the affected and unaffected area of the knee joint. Results: Our results revealed a regulatory network between SOX-5, SOX-9, and SOX-11, and various proteins involved in the pathogenesis of knee OA and their collective interactions, which are involved in the regulation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, response to stimulus, regulation of gene expression, inflammatory response, cartilage condensation, and ossification in chondrocytes. Higher expression levels of SOX5, SOX9, and SOX11 mRNA were noted in OA-affected articular cartilage with subchondral bone compared to control tissue (p = 0.00015, p = 0.0024 and p > 0.05, respectively, Mann-Whitney U-test). All studied genes demonstrated elevated mRNA expression levels in the articular cartilage with subchondral bone from stage 4 patients than those with stage 3 (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Lower SOX5, SOX9, and SOX11 mRNA expression levels were found in OA-affected synovium compared to the control tissue (p = 0.0003, p > 0.05 and p = 0.0007, respectively, Mann-Whitney U-test). Decreased SOX9 mRNA expression levels in synovium were noted in patients with stage 4 disease than those with stage 3; however, SOX5 and SOX11 mRNA expression levels were higher in patients with stage 4 (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Conclusions: The results of our research show that the studied SOX TFs play a role in the development of OA, contributing to the formation of pathological changes not only in the articular cartilage, but also in the synovial membrane. The changes in the SOX5, SOX9, and SOX11 mRNA expression levels in the articular cartilage with subchondral bone and synovium may serve as potential molecular diagnostic biomarkers for detecting OA and could indicate the progression of this disease; however, our observations require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Baran
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Czechowska
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 90-001 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (K.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Karolina Kopacz
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 90-001 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (K.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluca Padula
- Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 90-001 Lodz, Poland; (A.C.); (K.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Nowak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Marcin Domżalski
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.); (M.D.)
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Liu H, Kong L, Cao D, Zhan X, Gao X, Sun H, Yan G, Zhao Q, Han Y, Wang X. Efficacy and mechanism of the Ermiao San series of formulas for rheumatoid arthritis based on Chinmedomics strategy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155903. [PMID: 39047412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ermiao San Series of Formulas (ESSF) refers to Ermiao San (TS), Sanmiao Wan (TW), and Simiao Wan (FW), which are widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the therapeutic advantages and underlying mechanisms of ESSF treatment are unclear, especially regarding the improper selection of these three formulas when treating RA. PURPOSE To explore the efficacy and mechanisms of ESSF treatment for RA. METHODS Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce RA in rats. Chinmedomics strategy, which included metabolomics, serum pharmacochemistry of TCM, molecular docking, western blotting and qPCR, was applied to reveal the therapeutic advantages, pathways, and targets of ESSF. RESULTS In the early stages of treatment, TS quickly reduced joint swelling and the arthritis score index and regulated pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism. TW increases the regulation of tryptophan metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, promoting the recovery of the thymus and spleen. FW increases the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism and has the greatest effect on immune organ and bone recovery. In addition, 54, 67, and 86 bioactive compounds were detected in the serum from TS, TW, and FW, respectively. Berberine, phellodendrine, atractylolide III, limonin, 25R-inokosterone, coixol, and stigmasterol were found to act on the key enzymes COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH in arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism pathways. Western blot and qPCR results showed that ESSF can reduce the activity of these targets, thereby inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α; the tissue injury factors MMP-3 and CRP; and the rheumatoid factors CCP Ab and RF, thereby achieving anti-RA efficacy. CONCLUSION ESSF has a good therapeutic effect on RA. TS focus on rapid swelling reduction in the early stages of RA, TW focus on the recovery of immune organ function, and FW can be used for bone recovery in the later stage of RA treatment. The key mechanism of treating RA is that ESSF reduces the activity of COX-2, mPGES-1, ALOX5, and XDH. These findings provide valuable guidance for targeted therapy for RA and for the clinical application of ESSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guangli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical formula and Modern Chinese Medicines, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau.
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Carmona-Rivera C, Kaplan MJ, O'Neil LJ. Neutrophils in Inflammatory Bone Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:280-289. [PMID: 38418800 PMCID: PMC11061041 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the current evidence that suggests that neutrophils play a key role in facilitating damage to local bone structures. RECENT FINDINGS Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis disease (PD). Both of these human diseases are marked by an imbalance in bone homeostasis, favoring the degradation of local bone which ultimately leads to erosions. Osteoclasts, a multinucleated resident bone cell, are responsible for facilitating the turnover of bone and the bone damage observed in these diseases. The involvement of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation have recently been implicated in exacerbating osteoclast function through direct and indirect mechanisms. We highlight a recent finding that NET proteins such as histones and elastase can generate non-canonical, inflammatory osteoclasts, and this process is mediated by post-translational modifications such as citrullination and carbamylation, both of which act as autoantigens in RA. It appears that NETs, autoantibodies, modified proteins, cytokines, and osteoclasts all ultimately contribute to local and permanent bone damage in RA and PD. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the role of neutrophils in inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liam J O'Neil
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Staniszewska M, Kiełbowski K, Rusińska K, Bakinowska E, Gromowska E, Pawlik A. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis - a review of current evidence. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1097-1113. [PMID: 37982244 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2285784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with synovial proliferation and bone erosion, which leads to the structural and functional impairment of the joints. Immune cells, together with synoviocytes, induce a pro-inflammatory environment and novel treatment agents target inflammatory cytokines. Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease, and several cytokines are considered as typical mediators in the progression of the disease, including IL-23, IL-22, and IL-17, among others. AREA COVERED In this review, we try to evaluate whether cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), enzymes that regulate cell cycle and transcription of various genes, could become novel therapeutic targets in RA and psoriasis. We present the main results of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as scarce clinical reports. EXPERT OPINION CDK inhibitors seem promising for treating RA and psoriasis because of their multidirectional effects. CDK inhibitors may affect not only the process of osteoclastogenesis, thereby reducing joint destruction in RA, but also the process of apoptosis of neutrophils and macrophages responsible for the development of inflammation in both RA and psoriasis. However, assessing the efficacy of these drugs in clinical practice requires multi-center, long-term clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of CDK-blocking therapy in RA and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Rusińska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Gromowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Wei Q, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang W, Yang X, Wei W. Extracellular matrix in synovium development, homeostasis and arthritis disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110453. [PMID: 37331300 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network entity composed of extracellular macromolecules. ECM in synovium not only supports the structural integrity of synovium, but also plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis and damage repair response in synovium. Obvious disorders in the composition, behavior and function of synovial ECM will lead to the occurrence and development of arthritis diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Based on the importance of synovial ECM, targeted regulation of the composition and structure of ECM is considered to be an effective measure for the treatment of arthritis disease. This paper reviews the current research status of synovial ECM biology, discusses the role and mechanism of synovial ECM in physiological status and arthritis disease, and summarizes the current strategies for targeting synovial ECM to provide information for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of arthritis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xuemin Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Luping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wankang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Wang Y, Li N, Wu X. Circular RNA_0003800 exacerbates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury via miR-197-3p/SOX5 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109643. [PMID: 36610331 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious degenerative disease of articular cartilage, which has a great impact on the quality of life of patients. Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in OA progression. Our study aims to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0003800 in OA. METHODS Circ_0003800, microRNA-197-3p (miR-197-3p) and SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) contents were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were deployed to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Interaction of miR-197-3p and circ_0003800 or SOX5 was evidenced by dual-luciferase reporter system, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down assays. RESULTS OA tissues and model cells had higher abundance of circ_0003800 and SOX5, while miR-197-3p content was lower. Functionally, circ_0003800 knockdown alleviated IL-1β-mediated injury in C28/I2 cells. Mechanistically, circ_0003800 could sponge miR-197-3p, and miR-197-3p could target SOX5. Besides, in-miR-197-3p reversed the suppressive effect of circ_0003800 downregulation on IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cell injury, and SOX5 overexpression could also diminish the inhibitory effect of miR-197-3p on IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cell injury. CONCLUSION Circ_0003800 exacerbates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury via miR-197-3p/SOX5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
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Ajmal I, Farooq MA, Abbas SQ, Shah J, Majid M, Jiang W. Isoprenaline and salbutamol inhibit pyroptosis and promote mitochondrial biogenesis in arthritic chondrocytes by downregulating β-arrestin and GRK2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996321. [PMID: 36188601 PMCID: PMC9519065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis overlap many molecular mechanisms of cartilage destruction. Wear and tear in cartilage is chondrocyte-mediated, where chondrocytes act both as effector and target cells. In current study, role of β2-AR was studied in chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. High grade inflammation in vitro and in vivo disease models led to decline in anti-inflammatory β2-AR signaling and use of β2-AR agonist attenuated arthritis symptoms. Detailed analysis in chondrocytes revealed that Isoprenaline (ISO) and Salbutamol (SBT) increased cell viability and relative Bcl-2 expression, meanwhile, decreased proteins levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in arthritic chondrocytes when compared with control, respectively. SBT preserved physiological concentration of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD and GSH) in cartilage homogenates and ISO inhibited IL-1β-mediated genotoxicity in arthritic chondrocytes. Moreover, β2-AR agonist increased mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan biosynthesis by upregulating the gene expression of PGC1-α, NRF2 and COL2A1, Acan, respectively. ISO and SBT inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by downregulating the gene expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP9 and ADAMTS5 in vitro and in vivo study. In mechanism, β2-AR agonists decreased β-arrestin and GRK2 pathway, and as a result mice receiving SBT did not exhibit severe disease. Hence our data suggest β2-AR agonist administered at disease onset can inhibit receptor internalization by downregulating the expression of β-arrestin and GRK2 in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ajmal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Department of Health, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaffer Shah, ; Muhammad Majid, ; Wenzheng Jiang,
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Jaffer Shah, ; Muhammad Majid, ; Wenzheng Jiang,
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jaffer Shah, ; Muhammad Majid, ; Wenzheng Jiang,
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Investigation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Process in Equine Papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2)-Positive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910588. [PMID: 34638929 PMCID: PMC8508821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma (epSCC) is the most frequent tumor of the external male genitalia, representing 67.5% of equine genital cancers. epSCC is associated with papilloma virus (PV) infection and has been recently proposed as a model for human PV-induced squamous cell carcinomas. It has already been suggested that epSCC might undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This work aims to investigate in detail this process and the possible role of PV oncoproteins in epSCC. For this purpose, 18 penile SCCs were retrospectively selected and tested for both EcPV2 presence and oncoproteins (EcPV2 E6 and EcPV2 E7) expression. Moreover, immunohistochemical EMT characterization was carried out by analyzing the main epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and pan-cytokeratin AE3/AE1), the main mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), and the main EMT-related transcription factors (TWIST-1, ZEB-1). PCR analysis was positive for EcPV2 in 16 out of 18 samples. EMT was investigated in epSCC positive for EcPV2. The immunohistochemistry results suggested the presence of EMT processes in the neoplastic cells at the tumor invasive front. Moreover, the significant upregulation of RANKL, together with BCATN1, LEF1, and FOSL1 genes, might suggest a canonical Wnt pathway activation, similarly to what is reported in human penile squamous cell carcinomas
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Ma JL, Ji K, Shi LQ, Li NN, Wang LY, Dong SJ, Zhang YX, Wen SH, Liu XM, Wang Y, Luo JY. Sinomenine Attenuated Capsaicin-Induced Increase in Cough Sensitivity in Guinea Pigs by Inhibiting SOX5/TRPV1 Axis and Inflammatory Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629276. [PMID: 34421629 PMCID: PMC8375617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic cough is a common complaint which affects a large number of patients worldwide. Increased cough sensitivity is a very important cause of chronic persistent cough. However, there are limited clinical diagnosis and treatment for increased cough sensitivity. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPVl) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels which is very closely associated with respiratory diseases. However, the mechanism through which TRPV1 that influences downstream events is still poorly understood. Results Capsaicin induced increase in cough sensitivity by upregulating the protein level of TRPV1, leading to the secretions of Substance P and neurokinin A which stimulated neurogenic inflammation. However, sinomenine, a component of traditional Chinese medicine, significantly attenuated the capsaicin-induced cough by inhibiting the expression of TRPV1 in guinea pigs. In addition, capsaicin increased the expression of SOX5 which mediated the transcriptional upregulation of TRPV1. However, pretreatment with sinomenine reduced the expression of SOX5. Conclusion These results indicate that capsaicin induced increase in cough sensitivity by activating neurogenic inflammation, while sinomenine attenuated the increase in cough sensitivity by inhibiting the expressions of SOX5 and TRPV1 in guinea pigs. This finding may provide a novel target for the treatment of aggravated cough sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ling Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qing Shi
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Niu-Niu Li
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yun Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Juan Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wen
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- Laboratory Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yue Luo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Maksimov GV, Sashkina TI, Faskhutdinov DK, Slatinskaya OV, Saldusova IV, Zaychenko OV. Molecular and cellular features of mandibular autografts studied using raman spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, biophysical studies are of great interest, the results of which are important for development of a method for diagnosis of the cells and tissue condition to be used in clinical practice. The study was aimed to use a non-invasive optical method (Raman spectroscopy) for assessment of changes in the composition and conformation of the molecules of the patient’s mandibular cells and tissues. This approach was proposed to increase the informativeness and effectiveness of studying the composition of autografts harvested for augmentation of alveolar processes with bone tissue deficiency (elective bone grafting). In the course of the study the bone tissue samples obtained from three patients aged 51–73 (two men and one woman) were assessed. Raman signals were detected, indicating the presence of phosphate groups and carbonate ions (such as СО3–2) of the inorganic bone components. Raman bands indicating the presence of collagen, red blood cell hemoglobin, proteins (C–N bonds), lipids (С–Н groups of fatty acids and phosphate groups of phospholipids), as well as their OH groups may be considered the markers of periosteum tissue. The general possibility was suggested of studying single cells of autografts using the markers, indicating the presence of collagen, hemoglobin, proteins, lipids (С–Н groups of fatty acids of lipids; phosphate groups of phospholipids), and their OH groups. According to the authors, the results obtained can provide a basis for development of the new method for diagnosis of autograft bone using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and light guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- GV Maksimov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russia
| | - TI Sashkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - DK Faskhutdinov
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - IV Saldusova
- Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - OV Zaychenko
- Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Equine Genital Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with EcPV2 Infection: RANKL Pathway Correlated to Inflammation and Wnt Signaling Activation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030244. [PMID: 33801021 PMCID: PMC8003831 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Equine genital squamous cell carcinomas (egSCCs) associated with papilloma virus (PV) infection have been recently proposed as model for human PV-induced SCC. In both species, PV mucosal infections often induce cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, anal, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind egSCCs associated with equine papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) infection investigating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), Wnt, and interleukin (IL)17 signaling pathways. RANKL has been recently demonstrated to play a crucial role in several human tumors, associated with a poor prognosis and metastatic spread; novel targeted therapies through RANKL silencing monoclonal antibodies have been undertaken. EcPV2-E6 DNA was checked, and viral presence was confirmed in 91% of cases, whereas oncogene expression was 60.8% for E6 and 34.7% for E2. RANKL, NFKBp50, NFKBp65, IL6, IL17, IL23p19, IL8, IL12p35, IL12p40, BCATN1, FOSL1, and LEF1 gene expression showed a significant upregulation in tumor samples compared to healthy tissues. Our results describe an inflammatory environment characterized by the increased expression of several cytokines and the activation of RANKL/RANK, IL17A, and canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. These results may be helpful to identify new targets for immunotherapy strategies confirming egSCCs as a model for the human disease. Abstract Equine genital squamous cell carcinomas (egSCCs) are among the most common equine tumors after sarcoids, severely impairing animal health and welfare. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is often related to these tumors. The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind egSCCs associated with EcPV2 infection, investigating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) signaling in NF-kB pathway, together with the Wnt and IL17 signaling pathways. We analyzed the innate immune response through gene expression evaluation of key cytokines and transcription factors. Moreover, Ki67 index was assessed with immunohistochemistry. EcPV2-E6 DNA was checked, and viral presence was confirmed in 21 positive out to 23 cases (91%). Oncogene expression was confirmed in 14 cases (60.8%) for E6 and in 8 (34.7%) for E2. RANKL, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB)-p50, NFKBp65, interleukin (IL)-6, IL17, IL23p19, IL8, IL12p35, IL12p40, β-catenin (BCATN1), FOS like 1 (FOSL1), and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) showed a significant upregulation in tumor samples compared to healthy tissues. Our results describe an inflammatory environment characterized by the activation of RANKL/RANK and IL17 with the relative downstream pathways, and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines genes such as IL6 and IL8. Moreover, the increase of BCATN1, FOSL1, and LEF1 gene expression suggests an activation of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that could be critical for carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
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Chen J, Wang W, Jiang M, Yang M, Wei W. Combination therapy of ginsenoside compound K and methotrexate was efficient in elimination of anaemia and reduction of disease activity in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1131-1139. [PMID: 33198544 PMCID: PMC7671656 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1844761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside compound K (CK) has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and myelosuppressive protective effects. Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of combination therapy of CK and MTX on anaemia and anti-arthritis in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AA was induced in rats by Complete Freund's adjuvant, and divided into five groups (n = 10): normal, AA, CK 80 mg/kg, combination therapy (80 mg/kg CK combined with 0.5 mg/kg MTX), and MTX 0.5 mg/kg. From day 12, CK (once a day for 15 days) or MTX (once every 3 days, five times) were intragastrically administered. RESULTS Combination therapy showed increased haemoglobin to 148.5 ± 10.1 g/L compared with AA (129.8 ± 11.7 g/L) and MTX (128.8 ± 18.4 g/L), and decreased reticulocytes in peripheral blood to 4.9 ± 1.1% compared with MTX (9.3 ± 3.3%). In combination therapy group, paw swelling decreased to 5.6 ± 4.3 mL compared with CK (9.4 ± 3.9 mL) and MTX (13.5 ± 7.4 mL), and swollen joint count decreased to 1.4 ± 0.8 compared with CK (2.1 ± 1.0) and MTX (2.4 ± 1.2) at day 24. Combination therapy showed decreased IL-6 to 25.1 ± 17.2 pg/mL compared with MTX (44.9 ± 4.8 pg/mL), and decreased IL-17 to 5.8 ± 3.9 pg/mL compared with MTX (10.7 ± 4.2 pg/mL). CONCLUSION The anti-anaemia effect of CK deserves further study, and CK can be a candidate effective drug for combined treatment in RA with anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Jingyu Chen Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Mengya Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- CONTACT Wei Wei
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14
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Zhang L, Li T, Wang R, Xu J, Zhou L, Yan L, Hu Z, Li H, Liu F, Du W, Tong P, Wu H, Zhang S, Shan L, Efferth T. Evaluation of Long-Time Decoction-Detoxicated Hei-Shun-Pian (Processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux Lateral Root With Peel) for Its Acute Toxicity and Therapeutic Effect on Mono-Iodoacetate Induced Osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1053. [PMID: 32848727 PMCID: PMC7396609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a degenerative joint disease with severe cartilage destruction and pain, osteoarthritis (OA) has no satisfactory therapy to date. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux derived Hei-shun-pian (Hsp) has been developed for joint pain treatment. However, it causes adverse events in OA patients. Long-time decoction has been traditionally applied to reduce the aconite toxicity of Hsp and other aconite herbs, but its detoxifying effect is uncertain. Methods Hsp was extracted with dilute decoction times (30, 60, and 120 min) and evaluated by toxicological, chemical, pharmacological assays. Acute toxicity assay and chemical analysis were employed to determine the toxicity and chemoprofile of Hsp extracts, respectively. Since the detoxified Hsp (dHsp) was defined, its therapeutic effect was evaluated by using an OA rat model induced by monosodium iodoacetate. dHsp at 14 g/kg was orally administered for 28 days, and the pain assessments (mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency) and histopathological analyses (HE and safranin-O staining) were performed. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was applied to determine the molecular actions of dHsp on cartilage tissue and on chondrocytes. MTT assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of dHsp on the cell viability of chondrocytes. The cellular and molecular assays were also conducted to analyze the functions of chemical components in dHsp. Results The chemoprofile result showed that the contents of toxic alkaloids (aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine) were decreased but that of non-toxic alkaloids (benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, and benzoylhypaconitine) were increased with increasing decoction time. Acute toxicity assay showed that only Hsp extract with 120 min decoction was non-toxic within the therapeutic dose range. Thus, it was defined as dHsp for further experiment. In OA experiment, dHsp significantly attenuated joint pain and prevented articular degeneration from MIA attack. qPCR data showed that dHsp restored the abnormal expressions of Col10, Mmp2, Sox5, Adamts4/5/9, and up-regulated Col2 expression in rat cartilage. In vitro, dHsp-containing serum significantly proliferated rat chondrocytes and regulated the gene expressions of Col2, Mmp1, Adamts9, and Aggrecan in a similar way as the in vivo data. Moreover, aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine exerted cytotoxic effects on chondrocytes, while benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypaconitine except benzoylmesaconitine exhibited similar molecular actions to dHsp, indicating contributions of benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypaconitine to dHsp. Conclusions This study defined dHsp and demonstrated dHsp as a potential analgesic and disease modifying agent against OA with molecular actions on the suppression of chondrocyte hypertrophy and extracellular matrix degradation, providing a promising TCM candidate for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Hu
- Department of Physicochemistry and Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Experimental and Training Center, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanxing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Wei H, Wu Q, Shi Y, Luo A, Lin S, Feng X, Jiang J, Zhang M, Wang F, Tan W. MicroRNA-15a/16/SOX5 axis promotes migration, invasion and inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14376-14390. [PMID: 32678069 PMCID: PMC7425471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are key effector cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and display a unique aggressive tumor-like phenotype with remarkable hyperplasia, increased cell migration and invasion. How FLSs undergo these changes in RA remains unknown. We previously reported a novel function of transcription factor SOX5 in RA-FLSs that promote cell migration and invasion. In this study, we found that miR-15a/16 directly targets the SOX5 3’UTR and suppresses SOX5 expression. Moreover, miR-15a/16 is significantly down-regulated in RA-FLSs, which negatively correlates with SOX5 expression. Transfection with miR-15a/16 mimics in RA-FLSs inhibits cell migration, invasion, IL-1β and TNFα expression. Overexpression SOX5 in RA-FLSs decreases miR-15a/16 expression and rescues miR-15a/16-mediated inhibitory effect. Furthermore, RA patients with the lower baseline serum miR-15a/16 level present poor response of 3 months disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. Collectively, this study reveals that miR-15a/16/SOX5 axis functions as a key driver of RA-FLSs invasion, migration and inflammatory response in a mutual negative feedback loop and correlates with DMARDs treatment response in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aishu Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Tseng CC, Chen YJ, Chang WA, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Sung WY, Yen JH, Kuo PL. Dual Role of Chondrocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Chicken and the Egg. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1071. [PMID: 32041125 PMCID: PMC7038065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases that display features of articular cartilage destruction. The underlying disturbance results from immune dysregulation that directly and indirectly influence chondrocyte physiology. In the last years, significant evidence inferred from studies in vitro and in the animal model offered a more holistic vision of chondrocytes in RA. Chondrocytes, despite being one of injured cells in RA, also undergo molecular alterations to actively participate in inflammation and matrix destruction in the human rheumatoid joint. This review covers current knowledge about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms that account for the chondrocyte signatures of RA and its potential applications for diagnosis and prognosis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.C.); (W.-A.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.C.); (W.-A.C.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.C.); (W.-A.C.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Wan-Yu Sung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.C.); (W.-A.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (T.-T.O.); (C.-C.W.); (W.-Y.S.)
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-J.C.); (W.-A.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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17
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Wang F, Luo A, Xuan W, Qi L, Wu Q, Gan K, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Tan W. The Bone Marrow Edema Links to an Osteoclastic Environment and Precedes Synovitis During the Development of Collagen Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31068949 PMCID: PMC6491763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the relationship between bone marrow edema (BME), synovitis, and bone erosion longitudinally using a collagen induced arthritis mice (CIA) model and to explore the potential pathogenic role of BME in bone erosion. Methods: CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice. BME and corresponding clinical symptoms of arthritis and synovitis during the different time points of CIA development were assayed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthritis sore, and histologic analyses. The expression of osteoclasts (OCs), OCs-related cytokines, and immune cells in bone marrow were determined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time PCR. The OCs formation was estimated using in vitro assays. Results: MRI detected BME could emerge at day 25 in 70% mice after the first immunization (n = 10), when there were not any arthritic symptoms, histological or MRI synovitis. At day 28, BME occurred in 90% mice whereas the arthritic symptom and histological synovitis were only presented in 30 and 20% CIA mice at that time (n = 10). The emergence of BME was associated with an increased bone marrow OCs number and an altered distribution of OCs adherent to subchondral bone surface, which resulted in increased subchondral erosion and decreased trabecular bone number during the CIA process. Obvious marrow environment changes were identified after BME emergence, consisting of multiple OCs related signals, including highly expressed RANKL, increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and highly activated T cells and monocytes. Conclusions: BME reflects a unique marrow "osteoclastic environment," preceding the arthritic symptoms and synovitis during the development of CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aishu Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Gan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiande Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Medicine University Institute of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Regulation of fibroblast-like synoviocyte transformation by transcription factors in arthritic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:145-151. [PMID: 30878552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the synovium is known to mediate joint destruction in several forms of arthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are cells that reside in the synovial lining of joints and are known to be key contributors to inflammation associated with arthritis. FLS are a major source of inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes that promote joint degeneration. We now know that there exists a direct correlation between the signaling pathways that are activated by the pro-inflammatory molecules produced by the FLS, and the severity of joint degeneration in arthritis. Research focused on understanding the signaling pathways that are activated by these pro-inflammatory molecules has led to major advancements in the understanding of the joint pathology in arthritis. Transcription factors (TFs) that act as downstream mediators of the pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in various cell types have been reported to play an important role in inducing the deleterious transformation of the FLS. Interestingly, recent studies have started uncovering that several TFs that were previously reported to play role in embryonic development and cancer, but not known to have pronounced roles in tissue inflammation, can actually play crucial roles in the regulation of the pathological properties of the FLS. In this review, we will discuss reports that have been able to impart novel arthritogenic roles to TFs that are specialized in embryonic development. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these newly identified regulators of FLS transformation in the treatment of arthritis.
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19
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Ganesan R, Rasool M. Ferulic acid inhibits interleukin 17-dependent expression of nodal pathogenic mediators in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1878-1893. [PMID: 30160792 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17), a proinflammatory cytokine produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, potentially controls fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)-mediated disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via IL-17/ IL-17 receptor type A (IL-17RA)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) signaling cascade. This has suggested that targeting IL-17 signaling could serve as an important strategy to treat FLS-mediated RA progression. Ferulic acid (FA), a key polyphenol, attenuates the development of gouty arthritis and cancer through its anti-inflammatory effects, but its therapeutic efficiency on IL-17 signaling in FLS-mediated RA pathogenesis remains unknown. In the current study, FA markedly inhibited the IL-17-mediated expression of its specific transmembrane receptor IL-17RA in FLS isolated from adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. Importantly, FA dramatically suppressed the IL-17-mediated expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), IL-23, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in AA-FLS via the inhibition of IL-17/IL-17RA/STAT-3 signaling cascade. In addition, FA significantly decreased the formation of osteoclast cells and bone resorption potential in a coculture system consisting of IL-17 treated AA-FLS and rat bone marrow derived monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, FA remarkably inhibited the IL-17-mediated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) and increased the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in AA-FLS via the regulation of IL-17/IL-17RA/STAT-3 signaling cascade. The therapeutic efficiency of FA on IL-17 signaling was further confirmed by knockdown of IL-17RA using small interfering RNA or blocking of STAT-3 activation with S3I-201. The molecular docking analysis revealed that FA manifests significant ligand efficiency toward IL-17RA, STAT-3, IL-23, and RANKL proteins. This study provides new evidence that FA can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for inhibiting IL-17-mediated disease severity and bone erosion in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthi Ganesan
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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20
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A novel fusion protein attenuates collagen–induced arthritis by targeting interleukin 17A and tumor necrosis factor α. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Xu L, Zheng L, Wang Z, Li C, Li S, Xia X, Zhang P, Li L, Zhang L. TNF-α-Induced SOX5 Upregulation Is Involved in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through KLF4 Signal Pathway. Mol Cells 2018; 41:575-581. [PMID: 29890823 PMCID: PMC6030245 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration. Although differentially expressed SOX5 has been found in bone marrow from ovariectomized mice, its role in osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow in PMOP remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological function of SOX5 and explore its molecular mechanism in hMSCs from patients with PMOP. Our findings showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of SOX5 were upregulated in hMSCs isolated from bone marrow samples of PMOP patients. We also found that SOX5 overexpression decreased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the gene expression of osteoblast markers including Collagen I, Runx2 and Osterix, which were increased by SOX5 knockdown using RNA interference. Furthermore, TNF-α notably upregulated the SOX5 mRNA expression level, and SOX5 knockdown reversed the effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In addition, SOX5 overexpression increased Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) gene expression, which was decreased by SOX5 silencing. KLF4 knockdown abrogated the suppressive effect of SOX5 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Taken together, our results indicated that TNF-α-induced SOX5 upregulation inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs through KLF4 signal pathway, suggesting that SOX5 might be a novel therapeutic target for PMOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Xuedi Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,
China
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22
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamada M, Yokoji M, Sato K, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Nakajima T, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Yamazaki K. The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:777-784. [PMID: 29687443 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti-inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 protein. RESULT KetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and protein, and IL-1β mRNA. No protein production of IL-1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC. CONCLUSION KetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β via NF-κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti-inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sulijaya
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - N Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Yokoji
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Aoki-Nonaka
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Nakajima
- Division of Dental Educational Research Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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23
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Shi Y, Wu Q, Xuan W, Feng X, Wang F, Tsao BP, Zhang M, Tan W. Transcription Factor SOX5 Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Part by Regulating MMP-9 Expression in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:749. [PMID: 29706965 PMCID: PMC5906798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) exhibit a unique aggressive phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increased FLS migration and subsequent invasion of the extracellular matrix are essential to joint destruction in RA. Our previous research reported that transcription factor SOX5 was highly expressed in RA-FLS. Here, the effects of SOX5 in RA-FLS migration and invasion will be investigated. Methods The migration and invasion of RA-FLS were evaluated using a transwell chamber assay. The expression of several potential SOX5-targeted genes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9), chemokines (CCL4, CCL2, CCR5 and CCR2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), were examined in RA-FLS using SOX5 gain- and loss-of-function study. The molecular mechanisms of SOX5-mediated MMP-9 expressions were assayed by luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies. The in vivo effect of SOX5 on FLS migration and invasion was examined using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Results Knockdown SOX5 decreased lamellipodium formation, migration, and invasion of RA-FLS. The expression of MMP-9 was the only gene tested to be concomitantly affected by silencing or overexpressing SOX5. ChIP assay revealed that SOX5 was bound to the MMP-9 promoter in RA-FLS. The overexpression of SOX5 markedly enhanced the MMP-9 promoter activity, and specific deletion of a putative SOX5-binding site in MMP-9 promoter diminished this promoter-driven transcription in FLS. Locally knocked down SOX5 inhibited MMP-9 expression in the joint tissue and reduced pannus migration and invasion into the cartilage in CIA mice. Conclusion SOX5 plays a novel role in mediating migration and invasion of FLS in part by regulating MMP-9 expression in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Miaojia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Liu M, Zhou X, Zhou L, Liu Z, Yuan J, Cheng J, Zhao J, Wu L, Li H, Qiu H, Xu J. Carnosic acid inhibits inflammation response and joint destruction on osteoclasts, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and collagen-induced arthritis rats. J Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29521424 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new therapeutic drugs with the ability of preventing inflammation and joint destruction with less adverse effects is urgently needed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Carnosic acid (CA), a major phenolic compound isolated from the leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), has been reported to have antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. However, its effects on RA have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of CA on osteoclasts and fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Wistar rats in vivo. Our in vitro and in vivo studies showed that CA suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and MMP-3, and downregulated the production of RANKL. More importantly, we observed that CA inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and exerted therapeutic protection against joint destruction in vivo. Further biochemical analysis demonstrated that CA suppressed RANKL-induced activations of NF-κB and MAPKs (JNK and p38) leading to the downregulation of NFATc1. Taken together, our findings provide the convincing evidence that rosemary derived CA is a promising natural compound for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zhenzhou Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jianwen Cheng
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwen Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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25
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Miao P, Zhou XW, Wang P, Zhao R, Chen N, Hu CY, Chen XH, Qian L, Yu QW, Zhang JY, Xu R, He DY, Xiao LB, Li P, Lu M, Zhang DQ. Regulatory effect of anti-gp130 functional mAb on IL-6 mediated RANKL and Wnt5a expression through JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in FLS. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20366-20376. [PMID: 29755657 PMCID: PMC5945543 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of an anti-gp130 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and its mechanism using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and a collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model. We determined the interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα), gp130, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), and Bcl-2 levels in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) serum and synovial fluid. RA FLS were cultured with or without IL-6/IL-6Rα; WNT5A and RANKL levels were detected. We generated an anti-gp130 mAb (M10) with higher affinity and specificity, blocked IL-6 signaling with it, and assessed its effects on the CAIA model, WNT5A and RANKL expression, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. The IL-6 signaling system in patients with RA was increased; RANKL, MMP3, TIMP1, and Bcl-2 in RA bone were elevated. IL-6/IL-6Rα increased RA FLS WNT5A and RANKL expression. M10 ameliorated arthritis in the CAIA model, and inhibited RANKL, WNT5A, and Bcl-2 expression in RA FLS by blocking IL-6 signaling, likely via Janus kinase–STAT3 pathway downregulation. The IL-6–soluble IL-6Rα–gp130 complex is hyperactive in RA and OA. M10 may be the basis for a novel RA treatment drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wei Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ninan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ying Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Central laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Hua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wen Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yi He
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Bo Xiao
- Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Dong Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Tao Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Shi J, Guo X, Zhou W, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yang H, Shi Q, Xu Y, Geng D. Downregulation of miR-106b attenuates inflammatory responses and joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1804-1813. [PMID: 28957555 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective miRNAs are small, signal-strand, non-coding RNAs that function in post-transcriptional regulation. We analysed the in vivo effect of miR-106b (miR-106b-5p) on inflammatory bone loss in CIA mice. Methods CIA mice are developed by injecting DAB/1 mice with bovine type II collagen containing Freund's adjuvant and then the in vivo effect of miR-106b is examined. On day 22, mice were given lentiviral negative control, lentiviral-mediated miR-106b mimics or lentiviral-mediated miR-106b inhibitor via orbital injection on a weekly basis. Morphological changes in the ankle joints were assessed via micro-CT and histopathology and cytokine expression levels were examined via immunohistochemical staining, ELISA or flow cytometric analysis. miR-106b and osteoclastic-related gene expression was evaluated via quantitative real-time PCR. Results CIA mice were found to have increased miR-106b expression and CIA-associated bone loss and inflammatory infiltration. miR-106b inhibitor treatment markedly decreased arthritis incidence and attenuated bone destruction and histological severity compared with the control group. Moreover, miR-106b inhibitor treatment suppressed RANK ligand (RANKL) expression, increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression and reduced the RANKL:OPG ratio in CIA mice. miR-106b inhibition also significantly decreased inflammatory mediator production in joint sections and reduced serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels when compared with the control group. Additionally, miR-106b inhibition decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell numbers and suppressed murine bone marrow macrophage differentiation. Conclusion These findings indicate that miR-106b inhibition can ameliorate CIA-associated inflammation and bone destruction and thus may serve as a potential therapeutic for human RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou
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27
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Ganesan R, Rasool M. Interleukin 17 regulates SHP-2 and IL-17RA/STAT-3 dependent Cyr61, IL-23 and GM-CSF expression and RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis by fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:134-144. [PMID: 28898718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 predominately produced by the Th17 cells, plays a crucial role in the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) mediated disease process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-17 exerts its pathogenic effects in RA-FLS by IL-17/IL-17RA/STAT-3 signaling. Recent studies have shown that RA-FLS produces SHP-2, Cyr61, IL-23, GM-CSF and RANKL which results in worsening of the disease. However, whether IL-17/IL-17RA/STAT-3 signaling regulates SHP-2, Cyr61, IL-23, GM-CSF and RANKL expressions in RA-FLS remains unknown. In this study, IL-17 treatment dramatically induced the production of Cyr61, IL-23 and GM-CSF in FLS isolated from adjuvant induced arthritis (AA) rats. Conversely, IL-17 mediated production of Cyr61, IL-23 and GM-CSF was abrogated by knockdown of IL-17RA using a small interfering RNA or blockade of STAT-3 activation with S3I-201 in AA-FLS. Interestingly, IL-17 treatment noticeably increased the expression of IL-17RA and SHP-2 in AA-FLS. However, silencing of IL-17RA reversed the effect of IL-17 on the expression of IL-17RA and SHP-2 in AA-FLS. In addition, an increased number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were observed in a coculture system consisting of IL-17 treated AA-FLS and rat bone marrow derived monocytes/macrophages. Further, mechanistically we found that IL-17 upregulated RANKL expression in AA-FLS that was dependent on the IL-17/IL-17RA/STAT-3 signaling cascade. Knockdown of IL-17RA or inhibition of STAT-3 activation decreased the IL- 17 induced RANKL expression by AA-FLS and their osteoclastogenic potential. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IL-17 regulates SHP-2 expression and IL-17RA/STAT-3 dependent production of Cyr61, IL-23, GM-CSF and RANKL in AA-FLS and may reveal a new insight into the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamoorthi Ganesan
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India.
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28
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Arthritis models: usefulness and interpretation. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:469-486. [PMID: 28349194 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of arthritis are used to better understand pathophysiology of a disease or to seek potential therapeutic targets or strategies. Focusing on models currently used for studying rheumatoid arthritis, we show here in which extent models were invaluable to enlighten different mechanisms such as the role of innate immunity, T and B cells, vessels, or microbiota. Moreover, models were the starting point of in vivo application of cytokine-blocking strategies such as anti-TNF or anti-IL-6 treatments. The most popular models are the different types of collagen-induced arthritis and arthritis in KBN mice. As spontaneous arthritides, human TNF-α transgenic mice are a reliable model. It is mandatory to use animal models in the respect of ethical procedure, particularly regarding the number of animals and the control of pain. Moreover, design of experiments should be of the highest level, animal models of arthritis being dedicated to exploration of well-based novelties, and never used for confirmation or replication of already proven concepts. The best interpretations of data in animal models of arthritis suppose integrated research, including translational studies from animals to humans.
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