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Gao L, Wu S, Wongwasuratthakul P, Chen Z, Cai W, Li Q, Lin LL. Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by Using Fine-Needle Aspiration Liquid Samples. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:372. [PMID: 39194601 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is widely applied with the use of extracted biological cell samples, but current FNA cytology is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can lead to the risk of false-negative results. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning algorithms holds promise for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we develop a label-free SERS liquid biopsy method with machine learning for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of thyroid cancer by using thyroid FNA washout fluids. These liquid supernatants are mixed with silver nanoparticle colloids, and dispersed in quartz capillary for SERS measurements to discriminate between healthy and malignant samples. We collect Raman spectra of 36 thyroid FNA samples (18 malignant and 18 benign) and compare four classification models: Principal Component Analysis-Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results show that the CNN algorithm is the most precise, with a high accuracy of 88.1%, sensitivity of 87.8%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.953. Our approach is simple, convenient, and cost-effective. This study indicates that label-free SERS liquid biopsy assisted by deep learning models holds great promise for the early detection and screening of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | | | - Zhou Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linley Li Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Kujdowicz M, Januś D, Taczanowska-Niemczuk A, Lankosz MW, Adamek D. Raman Spectroscopy as a Potential Adjunct of Thyroid Nodule Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15131. [PMID: 37894812 PMCID: PMC10607135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid nodules (TNs) is estimated at 36.5% and 23% in females and males, respectively. A single thyroid nodule is usually detected during ultrasound assessment in patients with symptoms of thyroid dysfunction or neck mass. TNs are classified as benign tumours (non-malignant hyperplasia), benign neoplasms (e.g., adenoma, a non-invasive follicular tumour with papillary nuclear features) or malignant carcinomas (follicular cell-derived or C-cell derived). The differential diagnosis is based on fine-needle aspiration biopsies and cytological assessment (which is burdened with the bias of subjectivity). Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a laser-based, semiquantitative technique which shows for oscillations of many chemical groups in one label-free measurement. RS, through the assessment of chemical content, gives insight into tissue state which, in turn, allows for the differentiation of disease on the basis of spectral characteristics. The purpose of this study was to report if RS could be useful in the differential diagnosis of TN. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from the beginning of the databases up to the end of June 2023. Two investigators independently screened key data using the terms "Raman spectroscopy" and "thyroid". From the 4046 records found initially, we identified 19 studies addressing the differential diagnosis of TNs applying the RS technique. The lasers used included 532, 633, 785, 830, and 1064 nm lines. The thyroid RS investigations were performed at the cellular and/or tissue level, as well as in serum samples. The accuracy of papillary thyroid carcinoma detection is approx. 90%. Furthermore, medullary, and follicular thyroid carcinoma can be detected with up to 100% accuracy. These results might be biased with low numbers of cases in some research and overfitting of models as well as the reference method. The main biochemical changes one can observe in malignancies are as follows: increase of protein, amino acids (like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan), and nucleic acid content in comparison with non-malignant TNs. Herein, we present a review of the literature on the application of RS in the differential diagnosis of TNs. This technique seems to have powerful application potential in thyroid tumour diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujdowicz
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Pathology, University Children Hospital in Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children Hospital in Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children Hospital in Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek W. Lankosz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
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Conti F, D'Acunto M, Caudai C, Colantonio S, Gaeta R, Moroni D, Pascali MA. Raman spectroscopy and topological machine learning for cancer grading. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7282. [PMID: 37142690 PMCID: PMC10160071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Raman Spectroscopy is establishing itself as a highly promising technique for the classification of tumour tissues as it allows to obtain the biochemical maps of the tissues under investigation, making it possible to observe changes among different tissues in terms of biochemical constituents (proteins, lipid structures, DNA, vitamins, and so on). In this paper, we aim to show that techniques emerging from the cross-fertilization of persistent homology and machine learning can support the classification of Raman spectra extracted from cancerous tissues for tumour grading. In more detail, topological features of Raman spectra and machine learning classifiers are trained in combination as an automatic classification pipeline in order to select the best-performing pair. The case study is the grading of chondrosarcoma in four classes: cross and leave-one-patient-out validations have been used to assess the classification accuracy of the method. The binary classification achieves a validation accuracy of 81% and a test accuracy of 90%. Moreover, the test dataset has been collected at a different time and with different equipment. Such results are achieved by a support vector classifier trained with the Betti Curve representation of the topological features extracted from the Raman spectra, and are excellent compared with the existing literature. The added value of such results is that the model for the prediction of the chondrosarcoma grading could easily be implemented in clinical practice, possibly integrated into the acquisition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Conti
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mario D'Acunto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Caudai
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Sara Colantonio
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gaeta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Moroni
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pascali
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Palermo A, Sodo A, Naciu AM, Di Gioacchino M, Paolucci A, di Masi A, Maggi D, Crucitti P, Longo F, Perrella E, Taffon C, Verri M, Ricci MA, Crescenzi A. Clinical Use of Raman Spectroscopy Improves Diagnostic Accuracy for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:3309-3319. [PMID: 36103268 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Molecular analysis of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens is believed to improve the management of indeterminate nodules. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can differentiate benign and malignant thyroid lesions in surgically removed tissues, generating distinctive structural profiles. Herein, the diagnostic performance of RS was tested on FNA biopsies of thyroid gland. DESIGN Prospective, blinded, and single-center study. METHODS We enrolled 123 patients with indeterminate or more ominous cytologic diagnoses (TIR3A-low-risk indeterminate lesion, TIR3B-high-risk indeterminate lesion, TIR4-suspicious of malignancy, TIR5-malignant). All subjects were surgical candidates (defined by international guidelines) and submitted to FNA procedures for RS analysis. We compared RS data, cytologic findings, and final histologic assessments (as reference standard) using various statistical techniques. RESULTS The distribution of our study population was as follows: TIR3A:37, TIR3B:32, TIR4:16, and TIR5:38. In 30.9% of patients, histologic diagnoses were benign. For predicting thyroid malignancy in FNA samples, the overall specificity of RS was 86.8%, with 86.5% specificity in indeterminate cytologic categories. In patients with high-risk ultrasound categories, the specificity of RS increased to 87.5% for TIR3A, reaching 100% for TIR3B. Benign histologic diagnoses accounted for 72.9% of patients classified as TIR3A and 31.3% of those classified as TIR3B. Based on positive RS testing, unnecessary surgery was reduced to 7.4% overall (TIR3A-33.3%, TIR3B-6.7%). CONCLUSIONS This premier use of RS for thyroid cytology confirms its role as a valuable diagnostic tool and a valid alternative to molecular studies, capable of improving the management of indeterminate nodules and reducing unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Roma, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Armida Sodo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daria Maggi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierfilippo Crucitti
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Longo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Perrella
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Verri
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Crescenzi
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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di Masi A, Sessa RL, Cerrato Y, Pastore G, Guantario B, Ambra R, Di Gioacchino M, Sodo A, Verri M, Crucitti P, Longo F, Naciu AM, Palermo A, Taffon C, Acconcia F, Bianchi F, Ascenzi P, Ricci MA, Crescenzi A. Unraveling the Effects of Carotenoids Accumulation in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081463. [PMID: 36009182 PMCID: PMC9405418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the thyroid cancers, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for 90% of the cases. In addition to the necessity to identify new targets for PTC treatment, early diagnosis and management are highly demanded. Previous data indicated that the multivariate statistical analysis of the Raman spectra allows the discrimination of healthy tissues from PTC ones; this is characterized by bands typical of carotenoids. Here, we dissected the molecular effects of carotenoid accumulation in PTC patients by analyzing whether they were required to provide increased retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and signaling and/or to sustain antioxidant functions. HPLC analysis revealed the lack of a significant difference in the overall content of carotenoids. For this reason, we wondered whether the carotenoid accumulation in PTC patients could be related to vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) biosynthesis and, consequently, the RA-related pathway activation. The transcriptomic analysis performed using a dedicated PCR array revealed a significant downregulation of RA-related pathways in PTCs, suggesting that the carotenoid accumulation in PTC could be related to a lower metabolic conversion into RA compared to that of healthy tissues. In addition, the gene expression profile of 474 PTC cases previously published in the framework of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) project was examined by hierarchical clustering and heatmap analyses. This metanalysis study indicated that the RA-related pathways resulted in being significantly downregulated in PTCs and being associated with the follicular variant of PTC (FV-PTC). To assess whether the possible fate of the carotenoids accumulated in PTCs is associated with the oxidative stress response, the expression of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging was checked. An increased oxidative stress status and a reduced antioxidant defense response were observed in PTCs compared to matched healthy thyroids; this was possibly associated with the prooxidant effects of high levels of carotenoids. Finally, the DepMap datasets were used to profile the levels of 225 metabolites in 12 thyroid cancer cell lines. The results obtained suggested that the high carotenoid content in PTCs correlates with tryptophan metabolism. This pilot provided novel possible markers and possible therapeutic targets for PTC diagnosis and therapy. For the future, a larger study including a higher number of PTC patients will be necessary to further validate the molecular data reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-57336363
| | - Rosario Luigi Sessa
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Ylenia Cerrato
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Gianni Pastore
- CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (B.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Barbara Guantario
- CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (B.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberto Ambra
- CREA (Council for Agricultural Research and Economics), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (B.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Michael Di Gioacchino
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Armida Sodo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Pierfilippo Crucitti
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (P.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Filippo Longo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (P.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Filippo Acconcia
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Ricci
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (R.L.S.); (Y.C.); (M.D.G.); (A.S.); (F.A.); (P.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.); (A.C.)
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Krishna R, Colak I. Advances in Biomedical Applications of Raman Microscopy and Data Processing: A Mini Review. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2094391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Ohm Janki Biotech Research Private Limited, India
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadala G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman spectroscopy in skeletal tissue disorders and tissue engineering: present and prospective. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:949-965. [PMID: 34579558 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common reason of chronic pain and disability representing worldwide an enormous socio-economic burden. In this review, new biomedical application fields for Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique related to skeletal tissues are discussed showing that it can provide a comprehensive profile of tissue composition in situ, in a rapid, label-free, and non-destructive manner. RS can be used as a tool to study tissue alterations associated to aging, pathologies, and disease treatments. The main advantage with respect to currently applied methods in clinics is its ability to provide specific information on molecular composition, which goes beyond other diagnostic tools. Being compatible with water, RS can be performed without pre-treatment on unfixed, hydrated tissue samples, without any labelling and chemical fixation used in histochemical methods. This review provides first the description of basic principles of RS as a biotechnology tool and introduces into the field of currently available RS based techniques, developed to enhance Raman signal. The main spectral processing statistical tools, fingerprint identification and available databases are mentioned. The recent literature has been analysed for such applications of RS as tendon and ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medicine. Several cases of proof-of-concept preclinical studies have been described. Finally, advantages, limitations, future perspectives, and challenges for translation of RS into clinical practice have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Valentina Basoli
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy.,I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 68477, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation;
| | - Sophie Verrier
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
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Zhang D, Zhang X, Ma R, Deng S, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Huang X, Liu Y, Li G, Qu J, Zhu Y, Li J. Ultra-fast and onsite interrogation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in waters via surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117243. [PMID: 34029872 PMCID: PMC8116665 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia challenges the rapid interrogation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human and environmental samples. In this study, we developed an assay using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coupled with multivariate analysis to detect SARS-CoV-2 in an ultra-fast manner without any pretreatment (e.g., RNA extraction). Using silver-nanorod SERS array functionalized with cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), we obtained strong SERS signals of ACE2 at 1032, 1051, 1089, 1189, 1447 and 1527 cm-1. The recognition and binding of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on SERS assay significantly quenched the spectral intensities of most peaks and exhibited a shift from 1189 to 1182 cm-1. On-site tests on 23 water samples with a portable Raman spectrometer proved its accuracy and easy-operation for spot detection of SARS-CoV-2 to evaluate disinfection performance, explore viral survival in environmental media, assess viral decay in wastewater treatment plant and track SARS-CoV-2 in pipe network. Our findings raise a state-of-the-art spectroscopic tool to screen and interrogate viruses with RBD for human cell entry, proving its feasibility and potential as an ultra-fast detection tool for wastewater-based epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Suzhou Yiqing Environmental Science and Technology LTD., Suzhou 215163, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- Suzhou Yiqing Environmental Science and Technology LTD., Suzhou 215163, P.R. China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou 215163, P.R. China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Suzhou Yiqing Environmental Science and Technology LTD., Suzhou 215163, P.R. China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou 215163, P.R. China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 398 Ruoshui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Li
- Suzhou Yiqing Environmental Science and Technology LTD., Suzhou 215163, P.R. China.
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9
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Ma D, Shang L, Tang J, Bao Y, Fu J, Yin J. Classifying breast cancer tissue by Raman spectroscopy with one-dimensional convolutional neural network. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 256:119732. [PMID: 33819758 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most common cancer in women, breast cancer is becoming lethal worldwide. However, the current breast diagnosis technologies are not enough to meet the requirements in clinic due to some shortages of early-stage insensitiveness, time consumption and relying on the doctor's experience, etc. It's necessary to develop a creative method for the automatical diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) algorithm were combined together for the first time to classify the healthy and cancerous breast tissues in this study. First, a number of Raman spectra were collected from breast samples of 20 patients for spectral analysis. Then, a 1D-CNN model was developed and trained for classification. In addition, the Fisher Discrimination Analysis (FDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were trained and tested with the same spectral data for comparison. The best classification performance, namely the overall diagnostic accuracy of 92%, the sensitivity of 98% and the specificity of 86%, has been achieved by using 1D-CNN model. This study proves that 1D-CNN combined with Raman spectroscopy can classify breast tissues effectively and automatically and lay the foundation for automated cancer diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Linwei Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jinlan Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yilin Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
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10
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Studying the Degree of Tooth Enamel Mineralization through Raman Spectroscopy in Various Spectral Ranges. BIOPHYSICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica1030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo methods of Raman spectroscopy have been developed to assess the degree of mineralization of the enamel of different functional groups. This article presents comparative studies that were carried out using scanning Raman microspectroscopy with various sources of laser excitation with wavelengths of 532, 785, and 1064 nm. It is shown that the intensity of Raman scattering of enamel can be a measure of its thickness. The obtained dependence of the Raman scattering intensity on the distance from the incisal edge is in good agreement with the literature data, where two independent methods (computer tomography and electron microscopy) are used to determine the enamel thickness values. The proposed methods can be considered as potential quantitative methods for express diagnostics of the state of tooth enamel in vivo.
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11
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Artemyev DN, Kukushkin VI, Avraamova ST, Aleksandrov NS, Kirillov YA. Using the Method of "Optical Biopsy" of Prostatic Tissue to Diagnose Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071961. [PMID: 33807257 PMCID: PMC8036841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Analytical discrimination models of Raman spectra of prostate cancer tissue were constructed by using the projections onto latent structures data analysis (PLS-DA) method for different wavelengths of exciting radiation—532 and 785 nm. These models allowed us to divide the Raman spectra of prostate cancer and the spectra of hyperplasia sites for validation datasets with the accuracy of 70–80%, depending on the specificity value. Meanwhile, for the calibration datasets, the accuracy values reached 100% for the excitation of a laser with a wavelength of 785 nm. Due to the registration of Raman “fingerprints”, the main features of cellular metabolism occurring in the tissue of a malignant prostate tumor were confirmed, namely the absence of aerobic glycolysis, over-expression of markers, and a strong increase in the concentration of cholesterol and its esters, as well as fatty acids and glutamic acid. Abstract The possibilities of using optical spectroscopy methods in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer were investigated. Analytical discrimination models of Raman spectra of prostate tissue were constructed by using the projections onto latent structures data analysis(PLS-DA) method for different wavelengths of exciting radiation—532 and 785 nm. These models allowed us to divide the Raman spectra of prostate cancer and the spectra of hyperplasia sites for validation datasets with the accuracy of 70–80%, depending on the specificity value. Meanwhile, for the calibration datasets, the accuracy values reached 100% for the excitation of a laser with a wavelength of 785 nm. Due to the registration of Raman “fingerprints”, the main features of cellular metabolism occurring in the tissue of a malignant prostate tumor were confirmed, namely the absence of aerobic glycolysis, over-expression of markers (FASN, SREBP1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, etc.), and a strong increase in the concentration of cholesterol and its esters, as well as fatty acids and glutamic acid. The presence of an ensemble of Raman peaks with increased intensity, inherent in fatty acid, beta-glucose, glutamic acid, and cholesterol, is a fundamental factor for the identification of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry N. Artemyev
- Laser and Biotechnical Systems Department, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia;
| | - Vladimir I. Kukushkin
- Laboratory of Non-Equilibrium Electronic Processes, Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-905-502-9277
| | - Sofia T. Avraamova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University under Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (S.T.A.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Nikolay S. Aleksandrov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University under Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (S.T.A.); (N.S.A.)
| | - Yuri A. Kirillov
- Laboratory of Clinical Morphology, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
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12
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Sodo A, Verri M, Palermo A, Naciu AM, Sponziello M, Durante C, Di Gioacchino M, Paolucci A, di Masi A, Longo F, Crucitti P, Taffon C, Ricci MA, Crescenzi A. Raman Spectroscopy Discloses Altered Molecular Profile in Thyroid Adenomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010043. [PMID: 33383892 PMCID: PMC7823803 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular patterned nodules are sometimes complex to be classified due to ambiguous nuclear features and/or questionable capsular or vascular invasion. In this setting, there is a poor inter-observer concordance even among expert pathologists. Raman spectroscopy was recently used to separate benign and malignant thyroid nodules based on their molecular fingerprint; anyway, some histologically proved follicular adenomas were clustered as having a characteristic profile of malignant lesions. In this study, we analyzed five follicular thyroid adenomas with a malignant spectroscopic profile compared to five follicular adenomas with a benign Raman spectrum in order to assess possible molecular differences between the two groups. Morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses evidenced expression of malignancy-associated proteins in four out of five malignant clustered adenomas. The remaining malignant clustered adenoma showed a TSHR mutation previously associated with autonomously functioning follicular carcinomas. In conclusion, thyroid follicular adenomas are a group of morphologically benign neoplasms that may have altered the mutational or expression profile; cases of adenomas with altered immunophenotype are recognized as showing a profile associated with malignancy by Raman spectroscopy. This correlation warrants a more extensive evaluation and suggests a potential predictive value of spectroscopic assessment in recognizing characteristics associated with tumor progression in follicular thyroid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armida Sodo
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.D.G.); (A.P.); (A.d.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (C.D.)
| | - Michael Di Gioacchino
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.D.G.); (A.P.); (A.d.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Alessio Paolucci
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.D.G.); (A.P.); (A.d.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.D.G.); (A.P.); (A.d.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Filippo Longo
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierfilippo Crucitti
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Ricci
- Department of Sciences, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (M.D.G.); (A.P.); (A.d.M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-225411106
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13
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Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the incidence of human thyroid cancer disease has seen a significative increment. This comes along with an even higher increment of surgery, since, according to the international guidelines, patients are sometimes addressed to surgery also when the fine needle aspiration gives undetermined cytological diagnosis. As a matter of fact, only 30% of the thyroid glands removed for diagnostic purpose have a post surgical histological report of malignancy: this implies that about 70% of the patients have suffered an unnecessary thyroid removal. Here we show that Raman spectroscopy investigation of thyroid tissues provides reliable cancer diagnosis. Healthy tissues are consistently distinguished from cancerous ones with an accuracy of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim $$\end{document}∼ 90%, and the three cancer typology with highest incidence are clearly identified. More importantly, Raman investigation has evidenced alterations suggesting an early stage of transition of adenoma tissues into cancerous ones. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy may overcome the limits of current diagnostic tools.
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14
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Blücher C, Zilberfain C, Venus T, Spindler N, Dietrich A, Burkhardt R, Stadler SC, Estrela-Lopis I. Single cell study of adipose tissue mediated lipid droplet formation and biochemical alterations in breast cancer cells. Analyst 2020; 144:5558-5570. [PMID: 31408068 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00816k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer and a negative prognostic factor for cancer recurrence and survival. Several studies demonstrated that aggressive breast tumor cells contain higher numbers of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). Here we applied simultaneous visualization, identification and quantification of the lipid accumulation in lipid droplets (LDs) of aggressive, human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with adipose tissue-conditioned medium (ACM) derived from overweight and obese patients. In addition to Oil Red O and AdipoRed fluorescent staining, label-free confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) has been applied. CRM enables imaging of cell compartments as well as quantification and monitoring of specific biomolecules and metabolic processes on a single cell level. Interestingly, breast cancer cells incubated with ACM showed a significantly higher number of intracellular LDs. Cultivation of breast tumor cells with ACM of obese patients induced the formation of LDs with a 20-fold higher lipid concentration than cultivation with basal medium. This is in line with the significantly higher levels of NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) detected in the ACM obtained from obese patient compared to ACM obtained from overweight patients or basal medium. Further, by principal component analysis, we identified a significant increase in unsaturation, esterification and lipid to protein ratio in LDs in breast cancer cells incubated with ACM. CRM analyses might function as a valuable diagnostic tool to identify metabolic alterations in biological samples which in turn could provide more detailed insights in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in association with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Blücher
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Zúñiga WC, Jones V, Anderson SM, Echevarria A, Miller NL, Stashko C, Schmolze D, Cha PD, Kothari R, Fong Y, Storrie-Lombardi MC. Raman Spectroscopy for Rapid Evaluation of Surgical Margins during Breast Cancer Lumpectomy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14639. [PMID: 31601985 PMCID: PMC6787043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to precisely distinguish malignant from healthy tissue has severe implications for breast cancer surgical outcomes. Clinical prognoses depend on precisely distinguishing healthy from malignant tissue during surgery. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) has been previously shown to differentiate benign from malignant tissue in real time. However, the cost, assembly effort, and technical expertise needed for construction and implementation of the technique have prohibited widespread adoption. Recently, Raman spectrometers have been developed for non-medical uses and have become commercially available and affordable. Here we demonstrate that this current generation of Raman spectrometers can readily identify cancer in breast surgical specimens. We evaluated two commercially available, portable, near-infrared Raman systems operating at excitation wavelengths of either 785 nm or 1064 nm, collecting a total of 164 Raman spectra from cancerous, benign, and transitional regions of resected breast tissue from six patients undergoing mastectomy. The spectra were classified using standard multivariate statistical techniques. We identified a minimal set of spectral bands sufficient to reliably distinguish between healthy and malignant tissue using either the 1064 nm or 785 nm system. Our results indicate that current generation Raman spectrometers can be used as a rapid diagnostic technique distinguishing benign from malignant tissue during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie C Zúñiga
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Physics, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Veronica Jones
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Sarah M Anderson
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Alex Echevarria
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Physics, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Miller
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Connor Stashko
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Philip D Cha
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Ragini Kothari
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Michael C Storrie-Lombardi
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Physics, 301 Platt Blvd., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Kinohi Institute, Inc., 530S. Lake Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
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16
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de Oliveira MAS, Campbell M, Afify AM, Huang EC, Chan JW. Hyperspectral Raman microscopy can accurately differentiate single cells of different human thyroid nodules. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4411-4421. [PMID: 31565498 PMCID: PMC6757446 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of line-scan hyperspectral Raman microscopy in combination with multivariate statistical analyses for identifying and classifying single cells isolated from clinical samples of human thyroid nodules based on their intrinsic Raman spectral signatures. A total of 248 hyperspectral Raman images of single cells from benign thyroid (n = 127) and classic variant of papillary carcinoma (n = 121) nodules were collected. Spectral differences attributed to phenylalanine, tryptophan, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids were identified for benign and papillary carcinoma cells. Using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, cells were identified with 97% diagnostic accuracy. In addition, preliminary data of cells from follicular adenoma (n = 20), follicular carcinoma (n = 25), and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (n = 18) nodules suggest the feasibility of further discrimination of subtypes. Our findings indicate that hyperspectral Raman microscopy can potentially be developed into an objective approach for analyzing single cells from fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies to enable the minimally invasive diagnosis of "indeterminate" thyroid nodules and other challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. S. de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Univ. of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Alaa M. Afify
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Eric C. Huang
- Department of Pathology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- ECH and JWC contributed equally as senior authors
| | - James W. Chan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- ECH and JWC contributed equally as senior authors
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17
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Ralbovsky NM, Lednev IK. Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics: A potential universal method for diagnosing cancer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 219:463-487. [PMID: 31075613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death worldwide. It affects an unfathomable number of people, with almost 16 million Americans currently living with it. While many cancers can be detected, current diagnostic efforts exhibit definite room for improvement. It is imperative that a person be diagnosed with cancer as early on in its progression as possible. An earlier diagnosis allows for the best treatment and intervention options available to be presented. Unfortunately, existing methods for diagnosing cancer can be expensive, invasive, inconclusive or inaccurate, and are not always made during initial stages of the disease. As such, there is a crucial unmet need to develop a singular universal method that is reliable, cost-effective, and non-invasive and can diagnose all forms of cancer early-on. Raman spectroscopy in combination with advanced statistical analysis is offered here as a potential solution for this need. This review covers recently published research in which Raman spectroscopy was used for the purpose of diagnosing cancer. The benefits and the risks of the methodology are presented; however, there is overwhelming evidence that suggests Raman spectroscopy is highly suitable for becoming the first universal method to be used for diagnosing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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18
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D'Acunto M. In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Cellular Components: Theory and Experimental Results. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091564. [PMID: 31086033 PMCID: PMC6539138 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) met increasing interest in the detection of chemical and biological agents due to its rapid performance and ultra-sensitive features. Being SERS a combination of Raman spectroscopy and nanotechnology, it includes the advantages of Raman spectroscopy, providing rapid spectra collection, small sample sizes, characteristic spectral fingerprints for specific analytes. In addition, SERS overcomes low sensitivity or fluorescence interference that represents two major drawbacks of traditional Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscale roughened metal surfaces tremendously enhance the weak Raman signal due to electromagnetic field enhancement generated by localized surface plasmon resonances. In this paper, we detected label-free SERS signals for arbitrarily configurations of dimers, trimers, etc., composed of gold nanoshells (AuNSs) and applied to the mapping of osteosarcoma intracellular components. The experimental results combined to a theoretical model computation of SERS signal of specific AuNSs configurations, based on open cavity plasmonics, give the possibility to quantify SERS enhancement for overcoming spectral fluctuations. The results show that the Raman signal is locally enhanced inside the cell by AuNSs uptake and correspondent geometrical configuration generating dimers are able to enhance locally electromagnetic fields. The SERS signals inside such regions permit the unequivocal identification of cancer-specific biochemical components such as hydroxyapatite, phenylalanine, and protein denaturation due to disulfide bonds breaking between cysteine links or proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D'Acunto
- IBF-CNR, Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca CNR di Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Taylor JN, Mochizuki K, Hashimoto K, Kumamoto Y, Harada Y, Fujita K, Komatsuzaki T. High-Resolution Raman Microscopic Detection of Follicular Thyroid Cancer Cells with Unsupervised Machine Learning. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4358-4372. [PMID: 31035762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We use Raman microscopic images with high spatial and spectral resolution to investigate differences between human follicular thyroid (Nthy-ori 3-1) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC-133) cells, a well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Through comparison to classification of single-cell Raman spectra, the importance of subcellular information in the Raman images is emphasized. Subcellular information is extracted through a coarse-graining of the spectra at high spatial resolution (∼1.7 μm2), producing a set of characteristic spectral groups representing locations having similar biochemical compositions. We develop a cell classifier based on the frequencies at which the characteristic spectra appear within each of the single cells. Using this classifier, we obtain a more accurate (89.8%) distinction of FTC-133 and Nthy-ori 3-1, in comparison to single-cell spectra (77.6%). We also infer which subcellular components are important to cellular distinction; we find that cancerous FTC-133 cells contain increased populations of lipid-containing components and decreased populations of cytochrome-containing components relative to Nthy-ori 3-1, and that the regions containing these contributions are largely outside the cell nuclei. In addition to increased classification accuracy, this approach provides rich subcellular information about biochemical differences and cellular locations associated with the distinction of the normal and cancerous follicular thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Taylor
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 20, Nishi 10 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto , 602-8566 , Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto , 602-8566 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto , 602-8566 , Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , AIST-Osaka University , Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives , Osaka University , Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Tamiki Komatsuzaki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 20, Nishi 10 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020 , Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) , Hokkaido University , Kita 21 Nishi 10 , Kita-ku, Sapporo , Hokkaido 001-0021 , Japan.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne , UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comt , 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47 870 , F-21078 , Dijon Cedex , France
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20
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Ma B, Rodriguez RD, Bogatova E, Ruban A, Turanov S, Valiev D, Sheremet E. Non-invasive monitoring of red beet development. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 212:155-159. [PMID: 30634132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural monitoring is required to enhance crop production, control plant stress, and predict pests and crop infection. Apart from monitoring the external influences, the state of the plant itself must be tracked. However, the modern methods for plant analysis are expensive and require plants processing often in a destructive way. Optical spectroscopy can be used for the non-invasive monitoring requiring no consumables, and little to none sample preparation. In this context, we found that the red beet growth can be monitored by Raman spectroscopy. Our analysis shows that, as plants age, the rate of betalain content increases. This increase makes betalain dominate the whole Raman spectra over other plant components. The dominance of betalain facilitates its use as a molecular marker for plant growth. This finding has implications in the understanding of plant physiology, particularly important for greenhouse growth and the optimization of external conditions such as artificial illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Elena Bogatova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Ruban
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Turanov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Damir Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina ave. 30, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
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21
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Shandilya R, Bhargava A, Bunkar N, Tiwari R, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Nanobiosensors: Point-of-care approaches for cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:147-165. [PMID: 30735948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Ikeda H, Ito H, Hikita M, Yamaguchi N, Uragami N, Yokoyama N, Hirota Y, Kushima M, Ajioka Y, Inoue H. Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis of unlabeled and unstained histopathological tissue specimens. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:439-448. [PMID: 30487955 PMCID: PMC6247109 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i11.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the possibility of diagnosing gastric cancer from an unstained pathological tissue using Raman spectroscopy, and to compare the findings to those obtained with conventional histopathology.
METHODS We produced two consecutive tissue specimens from areas with and without cancer lesions in the surgically resected stomach of a patient with gastric cancer. One of the two tissue specimens was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used as a reference for laser irradiation positioning by the spectroscopic method. The other specimen was left unstained and used for Raman spectroscopy analysis.
RESULTS A significant Raman scattering spectrum could be obtained at all measurement points. Raman scattering spectrum intensities of 725 cm-1 and 782 cm-1, are associated with the nucleotides adenine and cytosine, respectively. The Raman scattering spectrum intensity ratios of 782 cm-1/620 cm-1, 782 cm-1/756 cm-1, 782 cm-1/1250 cm-1, and 782 cm-1/1263 cm-1 in the gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal stomach tissue.
CONCLUSION The results of this preliminary experiment suggest the feasibility of our spectroscopic method as a diagnostic tool for gastric cancer using unstained pathological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Ikeda
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Muneaki Hikita
- Stem Cell Business Development Department, Nikon Corporation, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2448533, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uragami
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Noboru Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirota
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Miki Kushima
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 9518510, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358577, Japan
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23
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O'Dea D, Bongiovanni M, Sykiotis GP, Ziros PG, Meade AD, Lyng FM, Malkin A. Raman spectroscopy for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer and its subtypes: An in vitro proof-of-concept study. Cytopathology 2018; 30:51-60. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Declan O'Dea
- School of Biological Sciences; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environment Science; Focas Research Institute; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism; Lausanne University Hospital; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Aidan D. Meade
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environment Science; Focas Research Institute; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
- School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona M. Lyng
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environment Science; Focas Research Institute; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
- School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
| | - Alison Malkin
- School of Biological Sciences; Dublin Institute of Technology; Dublin Ireland
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24
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Sim JY, Ahn CG, Jeong EJ, Kim BK. In vivo Microscopic Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Invulnerable to Skin Secretion Products. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1059. [PMID: 29348411 PMCID: PMC5773698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been shown to be a promising tool for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. However, the repeatability of such a method is susceptible to changes in skin condition, which is dependent on hand washing and drying due to the high absorption of infrared excitation light to the skin secretion products or water. In this paper, we present a method to meet the challenges of mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy for non-invasive glucose monitoring. By obtaining the microscopic spatial information of skin during the spectroscopy measurement, the skin region where the infrared spectra is insensitive to skin condition can be locally selected, which enables reliable prediction of the blood glucose level from the photoacoustic spectroscopy signals. Our raster-scan imaging showed that the skin condition for in vivo spectroscopic glucose monitoring had significant inhomogeneities and large variability in the probing area where the signal was acquired. However, the selective localization of the probing led to a reduction in the effects of variability due to the skin secretion product. Looking forward, this technology has broader applications not only in continuous glucose monitoring for diabetic patient care, but in forensic science, the diagnosis of malfunctioning sweat pores, and the discrimination of tumors extracted via biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Sim
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Chang-Geun Ahn
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jeong
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea
| | - Bong Kyu Kim
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea.
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25
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Rau JV, Fosca M, Graziani V, Taffon C, Rocchia M, Caricato M, Pozzilli P, Onetti Muda A, Crescenzi A. Proof-of-concept Raman spectroscopy study aimed to differentiate thyroid follicular patterned lesions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14970. [PMID: 29097686 PMCID: PMC5668290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-observer variability and cancer over-diagnosis are emerging clinical problems, especially for follicular patterned thyroid lesions. This challenge strongly calls for a new clinical tool to reliably identify neoplastic lesions and to improve the efficiency of differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasms, especially considering the increased diagnosis of small carcinomas and the growing number of thyroid nodules. In this study, we employed a Raman spectroscopy (RS) microscope to investigate frozen thyroid tissues from fourteen patients with thyroid nodules. To generate tissue classification models, a supervised statistical analysis of the Raman spectra was performed. The results obtained demonstrate an accuracy of 78% for RS based diagnosis to discriminate between normal parenchyma and follicular patterned thyroid nodules, and 89% accuracy - for very challenging follicular lesions (carcinoma versus adenoma). RS translation into intraoperative diagnosis of frozen sections and in preoperative analysis of biopsies can be very helpful to reduce unnecessary surgery in patients with indeterminate cytological reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy.
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Graziani
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Caricato
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-medico, via Álvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy
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26
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Sa Y, Guo Y, Feng X, Wang M, Li P, Gao Y, Yang X, Jiang T. Are different crystallinity-index-calculating methods of hydroxyapatite efficient and consistent? NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Different CI-calculating methods of XRD, FTIR and Raman techniques showed high efficiency and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Yaru Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Yixue Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Oral Biology
- School of Dental Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- P. R. China
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