1
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Zheng H, Liu J, Qiu Y. The Design and Analysis of the Fabrication of Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Structures and Their Performance Applications from a Bionic Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4014. [PMID: 39203192 PMCID: PMC11356519 DOI: 10.3390/ma17164014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper comprehensively discusses the fabrication of bionic-based ultrafast laser micro-nano-multiscale surface structures and their performance analysis. It explores the functionality of biological surface structures and the high adaptability achieved through optimized self-organized biomaterials with multilayered structures. This study details the applications of ultrafast laser technology in biomimetic designs, particularly in preparing high-precision, wear-resistant, hydrophobic, and antireflective micro- and nanostructures on metal surfaces. Advances in the fabrications of laser surface structures are analyzed, comparing top-down and bottom-up processing methods and femtosecond laser direct writing. This research investigates selective absorption properties of surface structures at different scales for various light wavelengths, achieving coloring or stealth effects. Applications in dirt-resistant, self-cleaning, biomimetic optical, friction-resistant, and biocompatible surfaces are presented, demonstrating potential in biomedical care, water-vapor harvesting, and droplet manipulation. This paper concludes by highlighting research frontiers, theoretical and technological challenges, and the high-precision capabilities of femtosecond laser technology in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yake Qiu
- Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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2
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Gao H, Zhao F, Meng Z, Wang X, Han Z, Liu Y. Droplet Bottom Expansion and Its Wettability Control Mechanism Based on Macroscopic Defects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13739-13748. [PMID: 38901843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic surfaces with special wettability have received much attention due to their promising prospects in droplet manipulation. Although some progress has been made, the manipulation of droplets by macroscopic defects of the millimeter structure and the wetting-state transition mechanism have rarely been reported. Herein, inspired by lotus leaves and desert beetles, biomimetic surfaces with macroscopic defects are prepared by laser processing and chemical modification. Various functions of droplet manipulation are achieved by controlling the millimeter-scale macroscopic defects, such as droplet capture, motion trajectory changing, and liquid well. And a droplet bottom expansion phenomenon is proposed: wetting-state transition in superhydrophobic regions around defects. The "edge failure effect" is proposed to explain the force analysis of droplet capture and the droplet bottom expansion to distinguish it from the adhesion phenomenon presented by the droplet sliding. 53.28° is defined as the expanded saturated angle of the as-prepared surface, which is used to distinguish whether the defect could cause the droplet bottom expansion. An enhanced edge failure effect experiment is designed to make the droplet bottom expansion more intuitive. This work provides a mechanistic explanation of the surfaces that utilize macroscopic defects for droplet manipulation. It can be applied to the monitoring of droplet storage limits, providing a perspective on the design and optimization of superhydrophobic surfaces with droplet manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Zong Meng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, P. R. China
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3
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Shuleiko D, Zabotnov S, Sokolovskaya O, Poliakov M, Volkova L, Kunkel T, Kuzmin E, Danilov P, Kudryashov S, Pepelayev D, Kozyukhin S, Golovan L, Kashkarov P. Hierarchical Surface Structures and Large-Area Nanoscale Gratings in As 2S 3 and As 2Se 3 Films Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4524. [PMID: 37444839 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors (ChVSs) find application in rewritable optical memory storage and optically switchable infrared photonic devices due to the possibility of fast and reversible phase transitions, as well as high refractive index and transmission in the near- and mid-infrared spectral range. Formed on such materials, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), open wide prospects for increasing information storage capacity and create polarization-sensitive optical elements of infrared photonics. In the present work, a possibility to produce LIPSSs under femtosecond laser irradiation (pulse duration 300 fs, wavelength 515 nm, repetition rate up to 2 kHz, pulse energy ranged 0.03 to 0.5 μJ) is demonstrated on a large (up to 5 × 5 mm2) area of arsenic sulfide (As2S3) and arsenic selenide (As2Se3) ChVS films. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that LIPSSs with various periods (170-490 nm) and orientations can coexist within the same irradiated region as a hierarchical structure, resulting from the interference of various plasmon polariton modes generated under intense photoexcitation of nonequilibrium carriers within the film. The depth of the structures varied from 30 to 100 nm. The periods and orientations of the formed LIPSSs were numerically simulated using the Sipe-Drude approach. A good agreement of the calculations with the experimental data was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Shuleiko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Zabotnov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Sokolovskaya
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maksim Poliakov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya Volkova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16A Nagatinskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kunkel
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kuzmin
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Danilov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kudryashov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, The Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pepelayev
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 1 Shokina Sq., 124498 Zelenograd, Russia
| | - Sergey Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Golovan
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Kashkarov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Xu YS, Li ZZ, Fan H, Liu YF, Xia H, Juodkazis S, Chen QD, Wang L. Optical near fields for ablation of periodic structures. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2841-2844. [PMID: 37262224 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanism of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) has been a key to high-resolution sub-diffraction lithography or high-efficiency large-area nanotexturing. We show the evolution of LIPSS formation from a nanohole seed structure to high-spatial-frequency LIPSS by using a tightly focused and rectangular-shaped laser beam with different shape-polarization orientations. Formation of LIPSS based on light intensity distribution without invoking any long-range electromagnetic modes achieved quantitative match between modeling and experiment. Our results clearly show the entire step-like and deterministic process of LIPSS evolution based on experimental data and numerical simulations, revealing the dominant structural near-field enhancement on the ripple formation. A rectangular-shaped beam with an aspect ratio of 7:3 was used to break the symmetry of a circularly shaped focus. By azimuthally rotating the orientation of the focal spot and the polarization, it is possible to visualize the far-field effect for the initial seed structure formation and the competition between the far and near fields in the subsequent structure evolution.
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5
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Li R, Zou T, Li X, Yu Z, Yang J. Development of periodically concentric rings within microcavity upon femtosecond laser irradiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17836-17847. [PMID: 37381507 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation mechanisms of the nanostructures and their designs has important implications for both the fundamental science and application prospects. In this study, we proposed a strategy for femtosecond laser-induced high regularity concentric rings within silicon microcavity. The morphology of the concentric rings can be flexibly modulated by the pre-fabricated structures and the laser parameters. The physics involved is deeply explored by the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain simulations, which reveals that the formation mechanism can be attributed to the near-field interference of the incident laser and the scattering light from the pre-fabricated structures. Our results provide a new method for creating the designable periodic surface structures.
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6
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Xu YS, Li ZZ, Wang ZH, Xia H, Liu YF, Juodkazis S, Chen QD, Wang L. Nanoscale control of non-reciprocal ripple writing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14796-14807. [PMID: 37157336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced deep-subwavelength structures have attracted much attention as a nanoscale surface texturization technique. A better understanding of the formation conditions and period control is required. Herein, we report a method of non-reciprocal writing via a tailored optical far-field exposure, where the period of ripples varies along different scanning directions, and achieve a continuous manipulation of the period from 47 to 112 nm (±4 nm) for a 100-nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass. A full electromagnetic model was developed to demonstrate the redistributed localized near-field at different stages of ablation with nanoscale precision. It explains the formation of ripples and the asymmetry of the focal spot determines the non-reciprocity of ripple writing. Combined with beam shaping techniques, we achieved non-reciprocal writing (regarding scanning direction) using an aperture-shaped beam. The non-reciprocal writing is expected to open new paths for precise and controllable nanoscale surface texturing.
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7
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Borodaenko Y, Khairullina E, Levshakova A, Shmalko A, Tumkin I, Gurbatov S, Mironenko A, Mitsai E, Modin E, Gurevich EL, Kuchmizhak AA. Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Embedded Silicon Nanogratings via Single-Step Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structuring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1300. [PMID: 37110886 PMCID: PMC10146168 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that direct femtosecond laser nanostructuring of monocrystalline Si wafers in aqueous solutions containing noble-metal precursors (such as palladium dichloride, potassium hexachloroplatinate, and silver nitrate) allows for the creation of nanogratings decorated with mono- (Pd, Pt, and Ag) and bimetallic (Pd-Pt) nanoparticles (NPs). Multi-pulse femtosecond-laser exposure was found to drive periodically modulated ablation of the Si surface, while simultaneous thermal-induced reduction of the metal-containing acids and salts causes local surface morphology decoration with functional noble metal NPs. The orientation of the formed Si nanogratings with their nano-trenches decorated with noble-metal NPs can be controlled by the polarization direction of the incident laser beam, which was justified, for both linearly polarized Gaussian and radially (azimuthally) polarized vector beams. The produced hybrid NP-decorated Si nanogratings with a radially varying nano-trench orientation demonstrated anisotropic antireflection performance, as well as photocatalytic activity, probed by SERS tracing of the paraaminothiophenol-to-dimercaptoazobenzene transformation. The developed single-step maskless procedure of liquid-phase Si surface nanostructuring that proceeds simultaneously with the localized reduction of noble-metal precursors allows for the formation of hybrid Si nanogratings with controllable amounts of mono- and bimetallic NPs, paving the way toward applications in heterogeneous catalysis, optical detection, light harvesting, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Borodaenko
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeniia Khairullina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Levshakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Shmalko
- Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology of Research Park of SPbSU, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Tumkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Gurbatov
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | | | - Eugeny Mitsai
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeny Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Evgeny L. Gurevich
- Laser Center (LFM), University of Applied Sciences Munster, Stegerwaldstraße 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia
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8
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Leggio L, Di Maio Y, Pascale-Hamri A, Egaud G, Reynaud S, Sedao X, Mauclair C. Ultrafast Laser Patterning of Metals Commonly Used in Medical Industry: Surface Roughness Control with Energy Gradient Pulse Sequences. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 36837953 PMCID: PMC9967074 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser ablation is widely used as a versatile method for accurate micro-machining of polymers, glasses and metals for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. We report on the use of a novel process parameter, the modulation of the laser pulse energy during the multi-scan texturing of surfaces. We show that this new and straightforward control method allows us to attain higher and lower roughness (Ra) values than the conventional constant pulse energy irradiation sequence. This new multi-scanning laser ablation strategy was conducted on metals that are commonly used in the biomedical industry, such as stainless steel, titanium, brass and silver samples, using a linear (increasing or decreasing) gradient of pulse energy, i.e., varying the pulse energy across successive laser scans. The effects of ablation were studied in terms of roughness, developed interfacial area ratio, skewness and ablation efficiency of the processed surfaces. Significantly, the investigation has shown a global trend for all samples that the roughness is minimum when a decreasing energy pulse sequence is employed, i.e., the irradiation sequence ends up with the applied laser fluences close to threshold laser fluences and is maximum with increasing energy distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis on single craters with the three different energy deposition conditions revealed a chaotic and random material redistribution in the cases of uniform and increasing energy distributions and the presence of regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at the bottom of the ablation region in the case of decreasing energy distribution. It is also shown that the ablation efficiency of the ablated surfaces does not significantly change between the three cases. Therefore, this novel energy control strategy permits the control of the roughness of the processed surfaces without losing the ablation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Leggio
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Yoan Di Maio
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alina Pascale-Hamri
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Gregory Egaud
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Stephanie Reynaud
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
- GIE Manutech-USD, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Université Jean Monnet, 18 Rue Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
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9
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Pallarés-Aldeiturriaga D, Abou Khalil A, Colombier JP, Stoian R, Sedao X. Ultrafast Cylindrical Vector Beams for Improved Energy Feedthrough and Low Roughness Surface Ablation of Metals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:176. [PMID: 36614521 PMCID: PMC9821886 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrafast cylindrical vector vortex beams in laser-matter interactions permits new ablation features to be harnessed from inhomogeneous distributions of polarization and beam geometry. As a consequence, the ablation process can yield higher ablation efficiency compared with conventional Gaussian beams. These beams prevent surface quality degradation during the ablative processes. When processing stainless steel and titanium, the average surface roughness obtained by deploying the cylindrical vector is up to 94% lower than the Gaussian case, and the processing efficiency is 80% higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pallarés-Aldeiturriaga
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alain Abou Khalil
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Colombier
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Razvan Stoian
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, University of Lyon, Jean Monnet University, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
- GIE Manutech-USD, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
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10
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Highly ordered laser imprinted plasmonic metasurfaces for polarization sensitive perfect absorption. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19769. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe present polarization-sensitive gap surface plasmon metasurfaces fabricated with direct material processing using pulsed laser light, an alternative and versatile approach. In particular we imprint laser induced periodic surface structures on nanometer-thick Ni films, which are back-plated by a grounded dielectric layer with TiO2 and ZnO deposition followed by Au evaporation. The procedure results in a metal-insulator-metal type plasmonic metasurface with a corrugated top layer consisting of highly-ordered, sinusoidal shaped, periodic, thin, metallic nanowires. The metasurface sustains sharp, resonant gap surface plasmons and provides various opportunities for polarization control in reflection, which is here switched by the size and infiltrating material of the insulating cavity. The polarization control is associated with the polarization sensitive perfect absorption and leads to high extinction ratios in the near-IR and mid-IR spectral areas. Corresponding Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements experimentally demonstrate that the fabrication approach produces metasurfaces with very well-defined, controllable, sharp resonances and polarization sensitive resonant absorption response which, depending on the insulating cavity size, impacts either the normal or the parallel to the nanowires polarization.
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11
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Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhang S, Lv Y, Mu E, Liu R, Zhang D, Li Z, Li S, Xu K, Hu Z. Recognitions of colored fabrics/laser-patterned metals based on photothermoelectric effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7500. [PMID: 35977027 PMCID: PMC9385138 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Color is the mapping of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths in human vision. The electronic color recognition system currently in use is mainly based on the photoelectric effect. Here, we demonstrate a color materials' recognition system based on photothermoelectric effects. The system uses a microfabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) as a platform, which is covered with dye-colored fabric pieces or structure-colored laser-patterned metal sheets. Under light irradiation, the fabrics/metals selectively absorb light and convert it into heat, which flows through the underlying TEG arrays and then converted into electrical signal output to realize the distinction of color and materials. This previously unidentified high-sensitivity TEG detection method provides a potential approach for precise color materials' detection over wide areas and may help understand the mechanism of bionic color recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanxi Lv
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzhen Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454003, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongshi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuguo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Microelectronics Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Maalouf M, Abou Khalil A, Di Maio Y, Papa S, Sedao X, Dalix E, Peyroche S, Guignandon A, Dumas V. Polarization of Femtosecond Laser for Titanium Alloy Nanopatterning Influences Osteoblastic Differentiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1619. [PMID: 35630841 PMCID: PMC9147489 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrashort pulse lasers have significant advantages over conventional continuous wave and long pulse lasers for the texturing of metallic surfaces, especially for nanoscale surface structure patterning. Furthermore, ultrafast laser beam polarization allows for the precise control of the spatial alignment of nanotextures imprinted on titanium-based implant surfaces. In this article, we report the biological effect of beam polarization on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. We created, on polished titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) plates, a laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) using linear or azimuthal polarization of infrared beams to generate linear or radial LIPSS, respectively. The main difference between the two surfaces was the microstructural anisotropy of the linear LIPSS and the isotropy of the radial LIPSS. At 7 d post seeding, cells on the radial LIPSS surface showed the highest extracellular fibronectin production. At 14 days, qRT-PCR showed on the same surface an increase in osteogenesis-related genes, such as alkaline phosphatase and osterix. At 21 d, mineralization clusters indicative of final osteoinduction were more abundant on the radial LIPSS. Taken together, we identified that creating more isotropic than linear surfaces enhances cell differentiation, resulting in an improved osseointegration. Thus, the fine tuning of ultrashort pulse lasers may be a promising new route for the functionalization of medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maalouf
- SAINBIOSE Laboratory INSERM U1509, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, F-42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France; (S.P.); (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Alain Abou Khalil
- Hubert-Curien Laboratory, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (A.A.K.); (X.S.)
| | - Yoan Di Maio
- GIE Manutech-USD, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Steve Papa
- SAINBIOSE Laboratory INSERM U1509, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, F-42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France; (S.P.); (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Hubert-Curien Laboratory, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, UMR 5516 CNRS, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (A.A.K.); (X.S.)
- GIE Manutech-USD, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Elisa Dalix
- SAINBIOSE Laboratory INSERM U1509, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, F-42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France; (S.P.); (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Sylvie Peyroche
- SAINBIOSE Laboratory INSERM U1509, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, F-42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France; (S.P.); (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Alain Guignandon
- SAINBIOSE Laboratory INSERM U1509, Jean Monnet University, University of Lyon, F-42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France; (S.P.); (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Virginie Dumas
- Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, University of Lyon, UMR 5513 CNRS, F-42100 Saint-Etienne, France;
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13
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Vlahou M, Fraggelakis F, Manganas P, Tsibidis GD, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Fabrication of Biomimetic 2D Nanostructures through Irradiation of Stainless Steel Surfaces with Double Femtosecond Pulses. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040623. [PMID: 35214951 PMCID: PMC8876691 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser induced changes on the topography of stainless steel with double pulses is investigated to reveal the role of parameters such as the fluence, the energy dose and the interpulse delay on the features of the produced patterns. Our results indicate that short pulse separation (Δτ = 5 ps) favors the formation of 2D Low Spatially Frequency Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LSFL) while longer interpulse delays (Δτ = 20 ps) lead to 2D High Spatially Frequency LIPSS (HSFL). The detailed investigation is complemented with an analysis of the produced surface patterns and characterization of their wetting and cell-adhesion properties. A correlation between the surface roughness and the contact angle is presented which confirms that topographies of variable roughness and complexity exhibit different wetting properties. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that patterns with different spatial characteristics demonstrate variable cell adhesion response which suggests that the methodology can be used as a strategy towards the fabrication of tailored surfaces for the development of functional implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Vlahou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Fotis Fraggelakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Phanee Manganas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
| | - George D. Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.V.); (P.M.); (G.D.T.); (A.R.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (E.S.)
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14
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Aboud DGK, Wood MJ, Zeppetelli G, Joy N, Kietzig AM. A Practical Comparison of Beam Shuttering Technologies for Pulsed Laser Micromachining Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030897. [PMID: 35160843 PMCID: PMC8839459 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this report we investigate the performance of various beam shutter technologies when applied to femtosecond laser micromachining. Three different shutter options are considered: a mechanical blade shutter, a bistable rotary solenoid shutter, and an electro-optic modulator (EOM) shutter. We analyzed the behavior of each shutter type during repeated open/close commands (period of 10 ≤ T ≤ 200 ms) using both high-speed videography and practical micromachining experiments. To quantify the performance at varying cycle periods, we introduce a new variable called the compliance that characterizes the average state of the shutter with respect to its intended position. We found that the solenoid shutter responds poorly to sequential commands. The mechanical shutter provides reliable performance for cycled commands as short as T = 40 ms, but begins to lag significantly behind the control signal for T ≤ 20 ms. The EOM shutter provides the most precise and reliable performance, with an opening time of only 0.6 ms and a high compliance with the signal commands, even when cycled very quickly (T = 10 ms). Overall, this study acts as an extensive practical guide for other laser users when considering different shutter options for their laser system and desired application.
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15
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Dong J, Pacella M, Liu Y, Zhao L. Surface engineering and the application of laser-based processes to stents - A review of the latest development. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:159-184. [PMID: 34901537 PMCID: PMC8636930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late in-stent thrombus and restenosis still represent two major challenges in stents’ design. Surface treatment of stent is attracting attention due to the increasing importance of stenting intervention for coronary artery diseases. Several surface engineering techniques have been utilised to improve the biological response in vivo on a wide range of biomedical devices. As a tailorable, precise, and ultra-fast process, laser surface engineering offers the potential to treat stent materials and fabricate various 3D textures, including grooves, pillars, nanowires, porous and freeform structures, while also modifying surface chemistry through nitridation, oxidation and coatings. Laser-based processes can reduce the biodegradable materials' degradation rate, offering many advantages to improve stents’ performance, such as increased endothelialisation rate, prohibition of SMC proliferation, reduced platelet adhesion and controlled corrosion and degradation. Nowadays, adequate research has been conducted on laser surface texturing and surface chemistry modification. Laser texturing on commercial stents has been also investigated and a promotion of performance of laser-textured stents has been proved. In this critical review, the influence of surface texture and surface chemistry on stents performance is firstly reviewed to understand the surface characteristics of stents required to facilitate cellular response. This is followed by the explicit illustration of laser surface engineering of stents and/or related materials. Laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) on stent materials is then explored, and finally the application of laser surface modification techniques on latest generation of stent devices is highlighted to provide future trends and research direction on laser surface engineering of stents. Compared conventional surface engineering with laser-based methods for biomedical devices. Explained the influence of texture geometry and surface chemistry on stents biological response. Reviewed state of the art in laser surface engineering of stents for improved biological response. Reviewed state of the art in laser surface engineering to control degradation of bioresorbable stents. Highlighted novel laser surface engineering designs for improved stents'performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dong
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - M Pacella
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Y Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.,Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - L Zhao
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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16
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Bonse J, Gräf S. Ten Open Questions about Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3326. [PMID: 34947674 PMCID: PMC8709363 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a simple and robust route for the nanostructuring of solids that can create various surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, medicine, tribology, energy technologies, etc. While the current laser technologies already allow surface processing rates at the level of m2/min, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry, as well as by limitations in controlling the processing of LIPSS and in the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This Perspective article aims to identify some open questions about LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, we intend to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bonse
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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17
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Maragkaki S, Lingos PC, Tsibidis GD, Deligeorgis G, Stratakis E. Impact of Pre-Patterned Structures on Features of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. Molecules 2021; 26:7330. [PMID: 34885913 PMCID: PMC8658884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of light coupling to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) represents a very important issue in plasmonics and laser fabrication of topographies in various solids. To illustrate the role of pre-patterned surfaces and impact of laser polarisation in the excitation of electromagnetic modes and periodic pattern formation, Nickel surfaces are irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses of polarisation perpendicular or parallel to the orientation of the pre-pattern ridges. Experimental results indicate that for polarisation parallel to the ridges, laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are formed perpendicularly to the pre-pattern with a frequency that is independent of the distance between the ridges and periodicities close to the wavelength of the excited SPP. By contrast, for polarisation perpendicular to the pre-pattern, the periodicities of the LIPSS are closely correlated to the distance between the ridges for pre-pattern distance larger than the laser wavelength. The experimental observations are interpreted through a multi-scale physical model in which the impact of the interference of the electromagnetic modes is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maragkaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Panagiotis C. Lingos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - George D. Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Deligeorgis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (P.C.L.); (G.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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18
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Squared Focal Intensity Distributions for Applications in Laser Material Processing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174981. [PMID: 34501069 PMCID: PMC8434152 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tailored intensity profiles within the focal spot of the laser beam offer great potential for a well-defined control of the interaction process between laser radiation and material, and thus for improving the processing results. The present paper discusses a novel refractive beam-shaping element that provides different squared intensity distributions converted from the Gaussian output beam of the utilized femtosecond (fs) laser. Using the examples of surface structuring of stainless-steel on the micro- and nano-scale, the suitability of the beam-shaping element for fs-laser material processing with a conventional f-Theta lens is demonstrated. In this context, it was shown that the experimental structuring results are in good agreement with beam profile measurements and numerical simulations of the beam-shaping unit. In addition, the experimental results reveal the improvement of laser processing in terms of a significantly reduced processing time during surface nano-structuring and the possibility to control the ablation geometry during the fabrication of micro-channels.
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19
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Vigano G, Ten Brink GH, Groenendijk M, Sipkema R, Pollack DKM, Mariani MA, Kooi BJ. Laser texturing of a St. Jude Medical mechanical heart valve prosthesis: the proof of concept. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:986-991. [PMID: 34282456 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The liquid-solid interactions have attracted broad interest since solid surfaces can either repel or attract fluids, configuring a wide spectrum of wetting states (from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity). Since the blood-artificial surface interaction of bileaflet mechanical heart valves essentially represents a liquid-solid interaction, we analysed the thrombogenicity of mechanical heart valve prostheses from innovative perspectives. The aim of the present study was to modify the surface wettability of standard St. Jude Medical Regent™ occluders. METHODS Four pyrolytic carbon occluders were irradiated by means of ultra-short pulse laser, to create 4 different nanotextures (A-D), the essential prerequisite to achieve superhydrophobicity. The static surface wettability of the occluders was qualified by the contact angle (θ) of 2 µl of purified water, using the sessile drop technique. The angle formed between the liquid-solid and the liquid-vapour interface was the contact angle and was obtained by analysing the droplet images captured by a camera. The morphology of the occluders was characterized and analysed by a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications. RESULTS The scanning electron microscope analysis of the textures revealed 2 different configurations of the pillars since A and B showed well-rounded shaped tops and C and D flat tops. The measured highest contact angles were comprised between 108.1° and 112.7°, reflecting an improved hydrophobicity of the occluders. All the textures exhibited, to different extents, an orientation (horizontal or vertical), which was strictly related to the observed anisotropy. CONCLUSIONS In this very early phase of our research, we were able to demonstrate that the intrinsic wettability of pyrolytic carbon occluders can be permanently modified, increasing the water repellency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vigano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Heart Centre, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gert H Ten Brink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daniël K M Pollack
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Heart Centre, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Massimo A Mariani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Heart Centre, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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20
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Loescher A, Röcker C, Graf T, Abdou Ahmed M. Azimuthally polarized picosecond vector beam with 1.7 kW of average output power. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3492-3495. [PMID: 34264245 DOI: 10.1364/ol.431995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a thin-disk multipass amplifier delivering azimuthally polarized, 7.8 ps short, laser pulses at an average power and with pulse energies of up to 1.7 kW and 5.8 mJ, respectively. High polarization purity was achieved by compensating for the arbitrary linear phase shifts that are introduced by tilted optical elements.
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21
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Hagstrom AL, Anastas P, Boissevain A, Borrel A, Deziel NC, Fenton SE, Fields C, Fortner JD, Franceschi-Hofmann N, Frigon R, Jin L, Kim JH, Kleinstreuer NC, Koelmel J, Lei Y, Liew Z, Ma X, Mathieu L, Nason SL, Organtini K, Oulhote Y, Pociu S, Godri Pollitt KJ, Saiers J, Thompson DC, Toal B, Weiner EJ, Whirledge S, Zhang Y, Vasiliou V. Yale School of Public Health Symposium: An overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146192. [PMID: 33714836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On December 13, 2019, the Yale School of Public Health hosted a symposium titled "Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Challenges and Opportunities" in New Haven, Connecticut. The meeting focused on the current state of the science on these chemicals, highlighted the challenges unique to PFAS, and explored promising opportunities for addressing them. It brought together participants from Yale University, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the University of Connecticut, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, the Connecticut Departments of Public Health and Energy and Environmental Protection, and the public and private sectors. Presentations during the symposium centered around several primary themes. The first reviewed the current state of the science on the health effects associated with PFAS exposure and noted key areas that warranted future research. As research in this field relies on specialized laboratory analyses, the second theme considered commercially available methods for PFAS analysis as well as several emerging analytical approaches that support health studies and facilitate the investigation of a broader range of PFAS. Since mitigation of PFAS exposure requires prevention and cleanup of contamination, the third theme highlighted new nanotechnology-enabled PFAS remediation technologies and explored the potential of green chemistry to develop safer alternatives to PFAS. The fourth theme covered collaborative efforts to assess the vulnerability of in-state private wells and small public water supplies to PFAS contamination by adjacent landfills, and the fifth focused on strategies that promote successful community engagement. This symposium supported a unique interdisciplinary coalition established during the development of Connecticut's PFAS Action Plan, and discussions occurring throughout the symposium revealed opportunities for collaborations among Connecticut scientists, state and local officials, and community advocates. In doing so, it bolstered the State of Connecticut's efforts to implement the ambitious initiatives that its PFAS Action Plan recommends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Hagstrom
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT, USA; Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, Rocky Hill, CT, USA
| | - Paul Anastas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Boissevain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Stratford Health Department, Stratford, CT, USA
| | - Alexandre Borrel
- NIH/NIEHS/DIR Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- NIH/NIEHS Division of the National Toxicology Program, NTP Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cheryl Fields
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - John D Fortner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Raymond Frigon
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- NIH/NIEHS/DIR Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; NIH/NIEHS Division of the National Toxicology Program, NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiuqi Ma
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lori Mathieu
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sara L Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Youssef Oulhote
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shannon Pociu
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Saiers
- Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Toal
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Eric J Weiner
- Clean Water Task Force at Windsor Climate Action, Windsor, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Loescher A, Oldorf P, Peters R, Pallmann W, Resan B, Lesparre F, Beaure d'Augères P, Delen X, Balembois F, Georges P, Giedl-Wagner R, Loor RD, Graf T, Ahmed MA. Efficient and high-throughput ablation of platinum using high-repetition rate radially and azimuthally polarized sub-picosecond laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:19551-19565. [PMID: 34266064 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly productive ablation process of 100 nm thick platinum films with a processed area rate of up to 378 cm2/min is presented using radially and azimuthally polarized laser beams. This was achieved by developing a laser amplifier generating 757 fs long laser pulses at a maximum average power of 390 W and a repetition rate of 10.6 MHz with adjustable polarization states, i.e., linear, radial, and azimuthal polarization on the work piece. The pulse train emitted from the laser was synchronized to a custom-designed polygon scanner and directed into an application machine.
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23
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The Tuning of LIPSS Wettability during Laser Machining and through Post-Processing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040973. [PMID: 33920107 PMCID: PMC8069829 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the fabrication of stainless-steel substrates decorated with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic wettability through different post-processing manipulation. In carrying out these experiments, we have found that while a CO2-rich atmosphere during irradiation does not affect final wettability, residence in such an atmosphere after irradiation does indeed increase hydrophobicity. Contrarily, residence in a boiling water bath will instead lead to a hydrophilic surface. Further, our experiments show the importance of removing non-sintered nanoparticles and agglomerates after laser micromachining. If they are not removed, we demonstrate that the nanoparticle agglomerates themselves become hydrophobic, creating a Cassie air-trapping layer on the surface which presents with water contact angles of 180°. However, such a surface lacks robustness; the particles are removed with the contacting water. What is left behind are LIPSS which are integral to the surface and have largely been blocked from reacting with the surrounding atmosphere. The actual surface presents with a water contact angle of approximately 80°. Finally, we show that chemical reactions on these metallic surfaces decorated with only LIPSS are comparatively slower than the reactions on metals irradiated to have hierarchical roughness. This is shown to be an important consideration to achieve the highest degree of hydro-philicity/phobicity possible. For example, repeated contact with water from goniometric measurements over the first 30 days following laser micromachining is shown to reduce the ultimate wettability of the surface to approximately 65°, compared to 135° when the surface is left undisturbed for 30 days.
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24
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Al-Kattan A, Grojo D, Drouet C, Mouskeftaras A, Delaporte P, Casanova A, Robin JD, Magdinier F, Alloncle P, Constantinescu C, Motto-Ros V, Hermann J. Short-Pulse Lasers: A Versatile Tool in Creating Novel Nano-/Micro-Structures and Compositional Analysis for Healthcare and Wellbeing Challenges. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:712. [PMID: 33809072 PMCID: PMC8001552 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Driven by flexibility, precision, repeatability and eco-friendliness, laser-based technologies have attracted great interest to engineer or to analyze materials in various fields including energy, environment, biology and medicine. A major advantage of laser processing relies on the ability to directly structure matter at different scales and to prepare novel materials with unique physical and chemical properties. It is also a contact-free approach that makes it possible to work in inert or reactive liquid or gaseous environment. This leads today to a unique opportunity for designing, fabricating and even analyzing novel complex bio-systems. To illustrate this potential, in this paper, we gather our recent research on four types of laser-based methods relevant for nano-/micro-scale applications. First, we present and discuss pulsed laser ablation in liquid, exploited today for synthetizing ultraclean "bare" nanoparticles attractive for medicine and tissue engineering applications. Second, we discuss robust methods for rapid surface and bulk machining (subtractive manufacturing) at different scales by laser ablation. Among them, the microsphere-assisted laser surface engineering is detailed for its appropriateness to design structured substrates with hierarchically periodic patterns at nano-/micro-scale without chemical treatments. Third, we address the laser-induced forward transfer, a technology based on direct laser printing, to transfer and assemble a multitude of materials (additive structuring), including biological moiety without alteration of functionality. Finally, the fourth method is about chemical analysis: we present the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, providing a unique tool for contact-free and space-resolved elemental analysis of organic materials. Overall, we present and discuss the prospect and complementarity of emerging reliable laser technologies, to address challenges in materials' preparation relevant for the development of innovative multi-scale and multi-material platforms for bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - David Grojo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Christophe Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5085 CNRS/Toulouse INP/UT3 Paul Sabatier, Ensiacet, 4 allée E. Monso, CEDEX 04, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | - Alexandros Mouskeftaras
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Philippe Delaporte
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Adrien Casanova
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jérôme D. Robin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, 13385 Marseille, France; (J.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, 13385 Marseille, France; (J.D.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Patricia Alloncle
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Catalin Constantinescu
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Vincent Motto-Ros
- Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Lyon 1—CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Jörg Hermann
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 UMR 7341, Campus de Luminy, Case 917, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France; (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.D.); (A.C.); (P.A.); (C.C.); (J.H.)
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Generation of Supra-Wavelength Grooves in Femtosecond Laser Surface Structuring of Silicon. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010174. [PMID: 33445573 PMCID: PMC7826525 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research work has been carried out on the generation and application of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). LIPSS with a sub-wavelength period generated by femtosecond laser irradiation, generally indicated as ripples, have been extensively investigated. Instead, the other ordered surface structures characterized by a supra-wavelength period, indicated as grooves, have been much less studied. Grooves typically form at larger irradiance levels or for higher number of laser pulses. Here, we report a comprehensive overview of recent investigations on the supra-wavelength grooves formed on crystalline silicon irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. The authors’ recent experimental work is mainly addressed giving an explicit picture of the grooves generation process, namely illustrating the influence of the various experimental parameters, including, e.g., polarization, wavelength, fluence and repetition rate of the laser beam as well as number of laser pulses hitting the surface of the material. The effect of irradiation of a static or moving target and of the environmental conditions (e.g., vacuum or air ambient) will also be discussed. Finally, possible mechanisms envisaged to explain grooves formation and still open issues are briefly discussed.
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26
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The Role of Crystalline Orientation in the Formation of Surface Patterns on Solids Irradiated with Femtosecond Laser Double Pulses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical investigation of the underlying ultrafast processes upon irradiation of rutile TiO2 of (001) and (100) surface orientation with femtosecond (fs) double pulsed lasers was performed in ablation conditions, for which, apart from mass removal, phase transformation and surface modification of the heated solid were induced. A parametric study was followed to correlate the transient carrier density and the produced lattice temperature with the laser fluence, pulse separation and the induced damage. The simulations showed that both temporal separation and crystal orientation influence the surface pattern, while both the carrier density and temperature drop gradually to a minimum value at temporal separation equal to twice the pulse separation that remain constant at long delays. Carrier dynamics, interference of the laser beam with the excited surface waves, thermal response and fluid transport at various pulse delays explained the formation of either subwavelength or suprawavelength structures. The significant role of the crystalline anisotropy is illustrated through the presentation of representative experimental results correlated with the theoretical predictions.
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Liu M, Li MT, Xu S, Yang H, Sun HB. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Laser-Structuring. Front Chem 2020; 8:835. [PMID: 33195040 PMCID: PMC7596381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces are an artificial functional surface that mainly extracts morphological designs from natural organisms. In both laboratory research and industry, there is a need to develop ways of giving large-area surfaces water repellence. Currently, surface modification methods are subject to many challenging requirements such as a need for chemical-free treatment or high surface roughness. Laser micro-nanofabrications are a potential way of addressing these challenges, as they involve non-contact processing and outstanding patterning ability. This review briefly discusses multiple laser patterning methods, which could be used for surface structuring toward creating superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monan Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mu-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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28
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Peng M, Yang Z, Wan Y, Yao F, Zhou J, Ouyang C, Deng X, Luo H. Laser-induced wettability gradient surface on NiTi alloy for improved hemocompatibility and flow resistance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Ionisation processes and laser induced periodic surface structures in dielectrics with mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8675. [PMID: 32457397 PMCID: PMC7250856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of solids with ultrashort pulses and laser processing in the mid-Infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is a yet predominantly unexplored field with a large potential for a wide range of applications. In this work, laser driven physical phenomena associated with processes following irradiation of fused silica (SiO2) with ultrashort laser pulses in the mid-IR region are investigated in detail. A multiscale modelling approach is performed that correlates conditions for formation of perpendicular or parallel to the laser polarisation low spatial frequency periodic surface structures for low and high intensity mid-IR pulses (not previously explored in dielectrics at those wavelengths), respectively. Results demonstrate a remarkable domination of tunneling effects in the photoionisation rate and a strong influence of impact ionisation for long laser wavelengths. The methodology presented in this work is aimed to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms in a previously unexplored spectral area and allow a systematic novel surface engineering with strong mid-IR fields for advanced industrial laser applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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30
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Pinatti IM, Gouveia AF, Doñate-Buendía C, Mínguez-Vega G, Andrés J, Longo E. Femtosecond-laser-irradiation-induced structural organization and crystallinity of Bi 2WO 6. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4613. [PMID: 32165706 PMCID: PMC7067817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the structural organization and crystallinity of functional oxides is key to enhancing their performance in technological applications. In this work, we report a strong enhancement of the structural organization and crystallinity of Bi2WO6 samples synthetized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method after exposing them to femtosecond laser irradiation. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and Raman spectroscopies, photoluminescence emissions, energy dispersive spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the as-synthetized samples. To complement and rationalize the experimental results, first-principles calculations were employed to study the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation. Structural and electronic effects induced by femtosecond laser irradiation enhance the long-range crystallinity while decreasing the free carrier density, as it takes place in the amorphous and liquid states. These effects can be considered a clear cut case of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M Pinatti
- CDMF, LIEC, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Gouveia
- CDMF, LIEC, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - C Doñate-Buendía
- GROC, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Institut de Noves Tecnologies de la Imatge (INIT), Castelló, 12071, Spain
| | - Gladys Mínguez-Vega
- GROC, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Institut de Noves Tecnologies de la Imatge (INIT), Castelló, 12071, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), Castelló, 12071, Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- CDMF, LIEC, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
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31
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Maragkaki S, Skaradzinski CA, Nett R, Gurevich EL. Influence of defects on structural colours generated by laser-induced ripples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:53. [PMID: 31919409 PMCID: PMC6952428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The colourisation of metallic surface which appears due to periodic surface patterns induced by ultrashort laser pulses is studied. Ripples due to the sub-micrometer size of their period act as a diffraction grating, generating structural colours. Carefully chosen strategy of the laser spot scanning allows us to mimic the nanostructures responsible for structural colours of some flowers on the metal substrate. We investigate the correlation between the colourising effects and the artificially-induced defects in the ripples structure and show that these defects can make the colours observable in a larger range of viewing angles. Further we address the influence of the processing parameters on the spectral profile of the reflected light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maragkaki
- Chair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology (IESL-FORTH), 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Christian A Skaradzinski
- Chair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Nett
- Chair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Evgeny L Gurevich
- Chair of Applied Laser Technologies, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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32
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Zhao J, Fan J, Liao R, Xiao N, Hu M. High-power femtosecond cylindrical vector beam optical parametric oscillator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33080-33089. [PMID: 31878382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on high-power femtosecond cylindrical vector beam (CVB) generation from a Gaussian-pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO). By introducing a half waveplate and a vortex half-wave plate of m = 1 to realize intracavity polarization modulation to the resonant Gaussian signal, the OPO could deliver broadband signal beam in CVB profile, i.e., radially and azimuthally polarized beam profile. The central wavelength of the generated CVB signals can be tuned continuously from 1405 to 1601 nm, while the corresponding pulse durations are all around 150 fs. A maximum average output power of 614 mW at 1505 nm is obtained. Moreover, our OPO cavity design can be extended to generate high order CVB by simply changing the vortex half-wave plate with different orders. Such a high-power CVB OPO configuration has the advantages of flexible control and wide tuning range, making it a practical tool for applications in super-resolution imaging, optical communication and quantum correlations.
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Papadopoulos A, Skoulas E, Mimidis A, Perrakis G, Kenanakis G, Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Biomimetic Omnidirectional Antireflective Glass via Direct Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901123. [PMID: 31231905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, a single-step, biomimetic approach for the realization of omnidirectional transparent antireflective glass is reported. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized ultrashort laser pulses produce self-organized nanopillar structures on fused silica (SiO2 ). The laser-induced nanostructures are selectively textured on the glass surface in order to mimic the spatial randomness, pillar-like morphology, as well as the remarkable antireflection properties found on the wings of the glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, and various Cicada species. The artificial structures exhibit impressive antireflective properties, both in the visible and infrared frequency ranges, which are remarkably stable over time. Accordingly, the laser-processed glass surfaces show reflectivity smaller than 1% for various angles of incidence in the visible spectrum for s-p linearly polarized configurations. However, in the near-infrared spectrum, the laser-textured glass shows higher transmittance compared to the pristine. It is envisaged that the current results will revolutionize the technology of antireflective transparent surfaces and impact numerous applications from glass displays to optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Perrakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Fraggelakis F, Giannuzzi G, Gaudiuso C, Manek-Hönninger I, Mincuzzi G, Ancona A, Kling R. Double- and Multi-Femtosecond Pulses Produced by Birefringent Crystals for the Generation of 2D Laser-Induced Structures on a Stainless Steel Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1257. [PMID: 30999570 PMCID: PMC6514971 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced textures have been proven to be excellent solutions for modifying wetting, friction, biocompatibility, and optical properties of solids. The possibility to generate 2D-submicron morphologies by laser processing has been demonstrated recently. Employing double-pulse irradiation, it is possible to control the induced structures and to fabricate novel and more complex 2D-textures. Nevertheless, double-pulse irradiation often implies the use of sophisticated setups for modifying the pulse polarization and temporal profile. Here, we show the generation of homogeneous 2D-LIPSS (laser-induced periodic surface structures) over large areas utilizing a simple array of birefringent crystals. Linearly and circularly polarized pulses were applied, and the optimum process window was defined for both. The results are compared to previous studies, which include a delay line, and the reproducibility between the two techniques is validated. As a result of a systematic study of the process parameters, the obtained morphology was found to depend both on the interplay between fluence and inter-pulse delay, as well as on the number of incident pulses. The obtained structures were characterized via SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and atomic force microscopy. We believe that our results represent a novel approach to surface structuring, primed for introduction in an industrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Fraggelakis
- ALPhANOV, Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers, Optic Institute of Aquitaine, rue F. Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France.
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA UMR5107, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Giuseppe Giannuzzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (INF)-CNR U.O.S. Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Gaudiuso
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (INF)-CNR U.O.S. Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Girolamo Mincuzzi
- ALPhANOV, Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers, Optic Institute of Aquitaine, rue F. Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France.
| | - Antonio Ancona
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (INF)-CNR U.O.S. Bari, via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Rainer Kling
- ALPhANOV, Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers, Optic Institute of Aquitaine, rue F. Mitterrand, 33400 Talence, France.
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35
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Liu W, Jiang L, Han W, Hu J, Li X, Huang J, Zhan S, Lu Y. Manipulation of LIPSS orientation on silicon surfaces using orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser double-pulse trains. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:9782-9793. [PMID: 31045127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.009782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) provide an easy and cost-effective means of fabricating gratings and have been widely studied in recent decades. To overcome the challenge of orientation controllability, we developed a feasible and efficient method for manipulating the orientation of LIPSS in real time. Specifically, we used orthogonally polarized and equal-energy femtosecond laser (50 fs, 800 nm) double-pulse trains with time delay about 1ps, total peak laser fluence about 1.0 J/cm2, laser repetition frequency at 100 Hz and scanning speed at 150 μm/s to manipulate the LIPSS orientation on silicon surfaces perpendicular to the scanning direction, regardless of the scanning paths. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the periodic energy deposition along the direction of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which can be controlled oriented along the scanning direction in orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser double-pulse trains surface scan processing. An application of structural colors presents the functionality of our method.
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36
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Zhang J, Yong J, Yang Q, Chen F, Hou X. Femtosecond Laser-Induced Underwater Superoleophobic Surfaces with Reversible pH-Responsive Wettability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3295-3301. [PMID: 30742769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wettability-switchable surfaces have become a research hotspot because they can exhibit different superwetting states. In this paper, the copper surfaces with pH-responsive underwater-oil wettability were prepared by femtosecond laser treatment and subsequent chemical modification. The resultant surfaces showed underwater superoleophobicity in alkaline solutions but quasi-superoleophilicity in acidic solutions. The contact angles of an underwater-oil droplet on the resultant surfaces could be reversibly tuned between 157° and 12° by changing the pH of aqueous solutions. Such switchable wettability is ascribed to the modification of the alkyl and carboxylic acids groups on the laser-structured surfaces. The as-prepared surfaces have both oil-resistance and oil-collection abilities by selectively showing underwater superoleophobicity and superoleophilicity. The smart surfaces with pH-responsive oil wettability will have important applications in controlling the oil behavior in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronics & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
- The International Joint Research Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
| | - Jiale Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronics & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
- The International Joint Research Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
- The International Joint Research Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronics & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
- The International Joint Research Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
| | - Xun Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronics & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , 710049 , PR China
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Kudryashov SI, Danilov PA, Porfirev AP, Saraeva IN, Rudenko AA, Busleev NI, Umanskaya SF, Kuchmizhak AA, Zayarny DA, Ionin AA, Khonina SN. Symmetry-wise nanopatterning and plasmonic excitation of ring-like gold nanoholes by structured femtosecond laser pulses with different polarizations. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1129-1132. [PMID: 30821788 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low- and ultralow-energy tightly focused 200 fs, 515 nm donut-shaped laser pulses at 0.25 and 0.65 NA focusing were used for single-shot ablative pulse-energy scalable nanopatterning of 50 nm thick gold film and the following plasmonic excitation of dye monolayer photoluminescence (PL) in the fabricated nanostructures, respectively. The same pulses at much lower, non-ablative nanojoule energies, and the same focusing and linear, azimuthal, or radial polarizations provided efficient spectrally and symmetry-matched excitation of both localized and delocalized surface electromagnetic modes in the separate, ring-like through holes and their arrays in the film envisioned by our modeling, thus resulting in a polarization-sensitive yield of rhodamine 6G dye PL. The demonstrated consistency between the symmetries of the donut-shaped low-energy photo-exciting laser beam, its polarization state, and the donut-shaped gold nanostructures, produced by the same beam at high, ablative pulse energies, paves the way to smart, self-consistent nanofabrication and plasmonic sensing, when the structured light interacts with the consistently structured matter.
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38
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Ultrafast laser printing of self-organized bimetallic nanotextures for multi-wavelength biosensing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16489. [PMID: 30405143 PMCID: PMC6220284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-enhanced spectroscopy (SES) techniques, including surface-enhanced photoluminescence (SEPL), Raman scattering (SERS) and infrared absorption (SEIRA), represent powerful biosensing modalities, allowing non-invasive label-free identification of various molecules and quantum emitters in the vicinity of nanotextured surfaces. Enhancement of multi-wavelength (vis-IR) excitation of analyte molecules of interest atop a single textured substrate could pave the way toward ultimate chemosensing performance and further widespread implementation of the SES-based approaches in various crucial areas, such as point-ofcare diagnostics. In this paper, an easy-to-implement ultrafast direct laser printing via partial spallation of thermally-thick silver films and subsequent large-scale magnetron deposition of nanometer-thick Au layers of variable thickness was implemented to produce bimetallic textured surfaces with the cascaded nanotopography. The produced bimetallic textures demonstrate the strong broadband plasmonic response over the entire visible spectral range. Such plasmonic performance was confirmed by convenient spectroscopy-free Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color analysis of the dark-field (DF) scattering images supported by numerical calculations of the electromagnetic (EM) “near-fields”, as well as comprehensive DF spectroscopic characterization. Bimetallic laser-printed nanotextures, which can be easily printed at ultrafast (square millimeters per second) rate, using galvanometric scanning, exhibited strong enhancement of the SEPL (up to 75-fold) and SERS (up to 106 times) yields for the organic dye molecules excited at various wavelengths. Additionally, comprehensive optical and sensing characterization of the laser-printed bimetallic surface structures allows substantiating the convenient spectroscopy-free RGB color analysis as a valuable tool for predictive assessment of the plasmonic properties of the various irregularly and quasi-periodically nanotextured surfaces.
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Florian C, Skoulas E, Puerto D, Mimidis A, Stratakis E, Solis J, Siegel J. Controlling the Wettability of Steel Surfaces Processed with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36564-36571. [PMID: 30246525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of a material surface is an essential property that can define the range of applications it can be used for. In the particular case of steel, industrial applications are countless but sometimes limited because of the lack of control over its surface properties. Although different strategies have been proposed to tune the wetting behavior of metal surfaces, most of them require the use of processes such as coatings with different materials or plasma/chemical etching. In this work, we present two different laser-based direct-write strategies that allow tuning the wetting properties of 1.7131 steel over a wide range of contact angles using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser. The strategy consists in the writing of parallel and crossed lines with variable spacing. A detailed morphological analysis confirmed the formation of microstructures superimposed with nanofeatures, forming a hierarchical surface topography that influences the wetting properties of the material surface. Contact angle measurements with water confirm that this behavior is mostly dependent on the line-to-line spacing and the polarization-dependent orientation of the structures. Moreover, we demonstrate that the structures can be easily replicated in a polymer using a laser-fabricated steel master, which enables low-cost mass production. These findings provide a practical route for developing user-defined wetting control for new applications of steel and other materials functionalized by rapid laser structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Florian
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Daniel Puerto
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jan Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
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40
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Surface structures with unconventional patterns and shapes generated by femtosecond structured light fields. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13613. [PMID: 30206245 PMCID: PMC6134070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an investigation on ultrashort laser surface structuring with structured light fields generated by various q-plates. In particular, q-plates with topological charges q = 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2 are used to generate femtosecond (fs) vector vortex beams, and form complex periodic surface structures through multi-pulse ablation of a solid crystalline silicon target. We show how optical retardation tuning of the q-plate offers a feasible way to vary the fluence transverse distribution of the beam, thus allowing the production of structures with peculiar shapes, which depend on the value of q. The features of the generated surface structures are compared with the vector vortex beam characteristics at the focal plane, by rationalizing their relationship with the local state of the laser light. Our experimental findings demonstrate how irradiation with fs complex light beams can offer a valuable route to design unconventional surface structures.
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41
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Jiao L, Chua ZY, Moon SK, Song J, Bi G, Zheng H. Femtosecond Laser Produced Hydrophobic Hierarchical Structures on Additive Manufacturing Parts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E601. [PMID: 30087292 PMCID: PMC6116250 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the recent expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) in industries, there is an intense need to improve the surface quality of AM parts. A functional surface with extreme wettability would explore the application of AM in medical implants and microfluid. In this research, we propose to superimpose the femtosecond (fs) laser induced period surface structures (LIPSS) in the nanoscale onto AM part surfaces with the micro structures that are fabricated in the AM process. A hierarchical structure that has a similar morphology to a lotus leaf surface is obtained by combining the advantages of liquid assisting fs laser processing and AM. A water contact angle (WCA) of 150° is suggested so that a super hydrophobic surface is achieved. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicate that both hierarchical structures and higher carbon content in the laser processed area are responsible for the super hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Jiao
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhong Yang Chua
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Seung Ki Moon
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Jie Song
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
| | - Guijun Bi
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 637662, Singapore.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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42
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Babaliari E, Kavatzikidou P, Angelaki D, Chaniotaki L, Manousaki A, Siakouli-Galanopoulou A, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Engineering Cell Adhesion and Orientation via Ultrafast Laser Fabricated Microstructured Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2053. [PMID: 30011926 PMCID: PMC6073590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell responses depend on the stimuli received by the surrounding extracellular environment, which provides the cues required for adhesion, orientation, proliferation, and differentiation at the micro and the nano scales. In this study, discontinuous microcones on silicon (Si) and continuous microgrooves on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates were fabricated via ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation at various fluences, resulting in microstructures with different magnitudes of roughness and varying geometrical characteristics. The topographical models attained were specifically developed to imitate the guidance and alignment of Schwann cells for the oriented axonal regrowth that occurs in nerve regeneration. At the same time, positive replicas of the silicon microstructures were successfully reproduced via soft lithography on the biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The anisotropic continuous (PET) and discontinuous (PLGA replicas) microstructured polymeric substrates were assessed in terms of their influence on Schwann cell responses. It is shown that the micropatterned substrates enable control over cellular adhesion, proliferation, and orientation, and are thus useful to engineer cell alignment in vitro. This property is potentially useful in the fields of neural tissue engineering and for dynamic microenvironment systems that simulate in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Babaliari
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Despoina Angelaki
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Lefki Chaniotaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Manousaki
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | | | - Anthi Ranella
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.), Vassilika Vouton, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece.
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Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial retention on mirror-polished and ultrashort pulse laser-textured surfaces is quantified with a new approach based on ISO standards for measurement of antibacterial performance. It is shown that both wettability and surface morphology influence antibacterial behavior, with neither superhydrophobicity nor low surface roughness alone sufficient for reducing initial retention of either tested cell type. Surface structures comprising spikes, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and nano-pillars are produced with 1030 nm wavelength 350 fs laser pulses of energy 19.1 μJ, 1.01 μJ and 1.46 μJ, respectively. SEM analysis, optical profilometry, shear force microscopy and wettability analysis reveal surface structures with peak separations of 20–40 μm, 0.5–0.9 μm and 0.8–1.3 μm, average areal surface roughness of 8.6 μm, 90 nm and 60 nm and static water contact angles of 160°, 119° and 140°, respectively. E. coli retention is highest for mirror-polished specimens and spikes whose characteristic dimensions are much larger than the cell size. S. aureus retention is instead found to be inhibited under the same conditions due to low surface roughness for mirror-polished samples (Sa: 30 nm) and low wettability for spikes. LIPSS and nano-pillars are found to reduce E. coli retention by 99.8% and 99.2%, respectively, and S. aureus retention by 84.7% and 79.9% in terms of viable colony forming units after two hours of immersion in bacterial broth due to both low wettability and fine surface features that limit the number of available attachment points. The ability to tailor both wettability and surface morphology via ultrashort pulsed laser processing confirms this approach as an important tool for producing the next generation of antibacterial surfaces.
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Al-Kattan A, Nirwan VP, Popov A, Ryabchikov YV, Tselikov G, Sentis M, Fahmi A, Kabashin AV. Recent Advances in Laser-Ablative Synthesis of Bare Au and Si Nanoparticles and Assessment of Their Prospects for Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1563. [PMID: 29794976 PMCID: PMC6032194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Driven by surface cleanness and unique physical, optical and chemical properties, bare (ligand-free) laser-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are now in the focus of interest as promising materials for the development of advanced biomedical platforms related to biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutic drug delivery. We recently achieved significant progress in the synthesis of bare gold (Au) and silicon (Si) NPs and their testing in biomedical tasks, including cancer imaging and therapy, biofuel cells, etc. We also showed that these nanomaterials can be excellent candidates for tissue engineering applications. This review is aimed at the description of our recent progress in laser synthesis of bare Si and Au NPs and their testing as functional modules (additives) in innovative scaffold platforms intended for tissue engineering tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Kattan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Viraj P Nirwan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhin-waal University of Applied Science, Marie-Curie-Straβe 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany.
| | - Anton Popov
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Yury V Ryabchikov
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskii Prospekt, 199991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gleb Tselikov
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Sentis
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
- MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 115409 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Amir Fahmi
- Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhin-waal University of Applied Science, Marie-Curie-Straβe 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany.
| | - Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LP3, 13288 Marseille, France.
- MEPhI, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), 115409 Moscow, Russia.
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45
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Kostal E, Stroj S, Kasemann S, Matylitsky V, Domke M. Fabrication of Biomimetic Fog-Collecting Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Surface Micropatterns Using Femtosecond Lasers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2933-2941. [PMID: 29364677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting functionalities of natural superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces served as inspiration for a variety of biomimetic designs. In particular, the combination of both extreme wetting states to micropatterns opens up interesting applications, as the example of the fog-collecting Namib Desert beetle shows. In this paper, the beetle's elytra were mimicked by a novel three-step fabrication method to increase the fog-collection efficiency of glasses. In the first step, a double-hierarchical surface structure was generated on Pyrex wafers using femtosecond laser structuring, which amplified the intrinsic wetting property of the surface and made it superhydrophilic (water contact angle < 10°). In the second step, a Teflon-like polymer (CF2) n was deposited by a plasma process that turned the laser-structured surface superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150°). In the last step, the Teflon-like coating was selectively removed by fs-laser ablation to uncover superhydrophilic spots below the superhydrophobic surface, following the example of the Namib Desert beetle's fog-collecting elytra. To investigate the influence on the fog-collection behavior, (super)hydrophilic, (super)hydrophobic, and low and high contrast wetting patterns were fabricated on glass wafers using selected combinations of these three processing steps and were exposed to fog in an artificial nebulizer setup. This experiment revealed that high-contrast wetting patterns collected the highest amount of fog and enhanced the fog-collection efficiency by nearly 60% compared to pristine Pyrex glass. The comparison of the fog-collection behavior of the six samples showed that the superior fog-collection efficiency of surface patterns with extreme wetting contrast is due to the combination of water attraction and water repellency: the superhydrophilic spots act as drop accumulation areas, whereas the surrounding superhydrophobic areas allow a fast water transportation caused by gravity. The presented method enables a fast and flexible surface functionalization of a broad range of materials including transparent substrates, which offers exciting possibilities for the design of biomedical and microfluidic devices.
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46
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Beirow F, Eckerle M, Dannecker B, Dietrich T, Ahmed MA, Graf T. Radially polarized passively mode-locked thin-disk laser oscillator emitting sub-picosecond pulses with an average output power exceeding the 100 W level. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:4401-4410. [PMID: 29475290 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.004401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a high-power passively mode-locked radially polarized Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator providing 125 W of average output power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power ever reported from a mode-locked radially polarized oscillator without subsequent amplification stages. Mode-locking was achieved by implementing a SESAM as the cavity end mirror and the radial polarization of the LG*01 mode was obtained by means of a circular Grating Waveguide Output Coupler. The repetition rate was 78 MHz. A pulse duration of 0.97 ps and a spectral bandwidth of 1.4 nm (FWHM) were measured at the maximum output power. This corresponds to a pulse energy of 1.6 µJ and a pulse peak power of 1.45 MW. A high degree of radial polarization of 97.3 ± 1% and an M2-value of 2.16 which is close to the theoretical value for the LG*01 doughnut mode were measured.
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47
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Fraggelakis F, Mincuzzi G, Manek-Hönninger I, Lopez J, Kling R. Generation of micro- and nano-morphologies on a stainless steel surface irradiated with 257 nm femtosecond laser pulses. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16082-16087. [PMID: 35542234 PMCID: PMC9080240 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface structuring by femtosecond lasers has emerged as an efficient tool to functionalize the surfaces of various solid materials. Laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can drastically impact the wetting, friction and optical properties of the surface depending on the size, aspect ratio and period of the structures. Morphological characteristics in the nanoscale, such as nano roughness, contributing to a hierarchical surface formation are considered to have a significant impact on those properties. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the feasibility of inducing ripples and spikes utilizing a 257 nm femtosecond laser. LIPSS with a period smaller than 200 nm were realised. Furthermore, we show the evolution of those structures into conical spikes for this wavelength, and we provide an interpretation on their formation. Finally, we show that sub 200 nm LIPSS can create subwavelength gratings providing non-angular dependent light reflection and non-periodic morphologies showing super hydrophobic behaviour. Ripples (150 nm period) and spikes (few microns size) were shown for the first time utilizing a 257 nm femtosecond laser.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Fraggelakis
- ALPhANOV
- Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers
- Optic Institute of Aquitaine
- France
- CELIA University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA UMR5107
| | - Girolamo Mincuzzi
- ALPhANOV
- Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers
- Optic Institute of Aquitaine
- France
| | | | - John Lopez
- ALPhANOV
- Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers
- Optic Institute of Aquitaine
- France
- CELIA University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA UMR5107
| | - Rainer Kling
- ALPhANOV
- Technological Centre for Optics and Lasers
- Optic Institute of Aquitaine
- France
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48
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Wang A, Jiang L, Li X, Xu Z, Huang L, Zhang K, Ji X, Lu Y. Nanoscale material redistribution induced by spatially modulated femtosecond laser pulses for flexible high-efficiency surface patterning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31431-31442. [PMID: 29245818 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the material redistribution phenomenon controlled by spatially modulated femtosecond laser pulses on a silicon surface. The intensity distribution was shaped by using a spatial light modulator. The material was first selectively melted and then redistributed by the laser-induced plasma. Thus, complex surface patterns were formed conformal to the laser intensity distribution. Sub-diffraction-limit size can be achieved due to the nanoscale material redistribution. Only one pulse was needed in the surface patterning process, thus greatly favoring the efficiency improvement. Combined with multibeam interference, a large-scale nanostructure array can be fabricated with high efficiency of 1600 μm2/pulse. This method offers a simple, flexible and efficient alternative approach for nanoscale surface patterning applications.
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49
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Aguilar A, Mauclair C, Faure N, Colombier JP, Stoian R. In-situ high-resolution visualization of laser-induced periodic nanostructures driven by optical feedback. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16509. [PMID: 29184107 PMCID: PMC5705717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical feedback is often evoked in laser-induced periodic nanostructures. Visualizing the coupling between surfaces and light requires highly-resolved imaging methods. We propose in-situ structured-illumination-microscopy to observe ultrafast-laser-induced nanostructures during fabrication on metallic glass surfaces. This resolves the pulse-to-pulse development of periodic structures on a single irradiation site and indicates the optical feedback on surface topographies. Firstly, the quasi-constancy of the ripples pattern and the reinforcement of the surface relief with the same spatial positioning indicates a phase-locking mechanism that stabilizes and amplifies the ordered corrugation. Secondly, on sites with uncorrelated initial corrugation, we observe ripple patterns spatially in-phase. These feedback aspects rely on the electromagnetic interplay between the laser pulse and the surface relief, stabilizing the pattern in period and position. They are critically dependent on the space-time coherence of the exciting pulse. This suggests a modulation of energy according to the topography of the surface with a pattern phase imposed by the driving pulse. A scattering and interference model for ripple formation on surfaces supports the experimental observations. This relies on self-phase-stabilized far-field interaction between surface scattered wavelets and the incoming pulse front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aguilar
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, St. Etienne, France
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, St. Etienne, France.
| | - Nicolas Faure
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, St. Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Colombier
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, St. Etienne, France
| | - Razvan Stoian
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, St. Etienne, France.
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50
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Linklater DP, Juodkazis S, Ivanova EP. Nanofabrication of mechano-bactericidal surfaces. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16564-16585. [PMID: 29082999 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The search for alternatives to the standard methods of preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces alike has led to the use of biomimetics to reinvent through nanofabrication methods, surfaces, whereby the nanostructured topography is directly responsible for bacterial inactivation through physico-mechanical means. Plant leaves, insect wings, and animal skin have been used to inspire the fabrication of synthetic high-aspect-ratio nanopillared surfaces, which can resist bacterial colonisation. The adaptation of bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms on conventional antibacterial surfaces has led to an increase in persistent infections caused by resistant strains of bacteria. This presents a worldwide health epidemic that can only be mitigated through the search for a new generation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
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