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Boyes A, Levenstein JM, McLoughlin LT, Driver C, Mills L, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. A short-interval longitudinal study of associations between psychological distress and hippocampal grey matter in early adolescence. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-023-00847-6. [PMID: 38216837 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00847-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
This study of Australian adolescents (N = 88, 12-13-years-old) investigated the relationship between hippocampal grey matter volume (GMV) and self-reported psychological distress (K10) at four timepoints, across 12 months. Participants were divided into two groups; those who had K10 scores between 10 and 15 for all four timepoints were categorised as "low distress" (i.e., control group; n = 38), while participants who had K10 scores of 16 or higher at least once over the year were categorised as "moderate-high distress" (n = 50). Associations were tested by GEE fitting of GMV and K10 measures at the same time point, and in the preceding and subsequent timepoints. Analyses revealed smaller preceding left GMV and larger preceding right GMV were associated with higher subsequent K10 scores in the "moderate-high distress" group. This was not observed in the control group. In contrast, the control group showed significant co-occurring associations (i.e., at the same TP) between GMV and K10 scores. The "moderate-high distress" group experienced greater variability in distress. These results suggest that GMV development in early adolescence is differently associated with psychological distress for those who experience "moderate-high distress" at some point over the year, compared to controls. These findings offer a novel way to utilise short-interval, multiple time-point longitudinal data to explore changes in volume and experience of psychological distress in early adolescents. The results suggest hippocampal volume in early adolescence may be linked to fluctuations in psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Boyes
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia.
| | - Jacob M Levenstein
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Larisa T McLoughlin
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Lia Mills
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, UniSC, 12 Innovation Parkway, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
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2
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Bremner JD, Ortego RA, Campanella C, Nye JA, Davis LL, Fani N, Vaccarino V. Neural correlates of PTSD in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD and response to paroxetine treatment: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 14:100615. [PMID: 38088987 PMCID: PMC10715797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Childhood sexual abuse is the leading cause of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women, and is a prominent cause of morbidity and loss of function for which limited treatments are available. Understanding the neurobiology of treatment response is important for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess neural correlates of personalized traumatic memories in women with childhood sexual abuse with and without PTSD, and to assess response to treatment. Methods Women with childhood sexual abuse with (N = 28) and without (N = 17) PTSD underwent brain imaging with High-Resolution Positron Emission Tomography scanning with radiolabeled water for brain blood flow measurements during exposure to personalized traumatic scripts and memory encoding tasks. Women with PTSD were randomized to paroxetine or placebo followed by three months of double-blind treatment and repeat imaging with the same protocol. Results Women with PTSD showed decreases in areas involved in the Default Mode Network (DMN), a network of brain areas usually active when the brain is at rest, hippocampus and visual processing areas with exposure to traumatic scripts at baseline while women without PTSD showed increased activation in superior frontal gyrus and other areas (p < 0.005). Treatment of women with PTSD with paroxetine resulted in increased anterior cingulate activation and brain areas involved in the DMN and visual processing with scripts compared to placebo (p < 0.005). Conclusion PTSD related to childhood sexual abuse in women is associated with alterations in brain areas involved in memory and the stress response and treatment with paroxetine results in modulation of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Rebeca Alvarado Ortego
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carolina Campanella
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lori L Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
- Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa AL
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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3
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Perl O, Duek O, Kulkarni KR, Gordon C, Krystal JH, Levy I, Harpaz-Rotem I, Schiller D. Neural patterns differentiate traumatic from sad autobiographical memories in PTSD. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2226-2236. [PMID: 38036701 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
For people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), recall of traumatic memories often displays as intrusions that differ profoundly from processing of 'regular' negative memories. These mnemonic features fueled theories speculating a unique cognitive state linked with traumatic memories. Yet, to date, little empirical evidence supports this view. Here we examined neural activity of patients with PTSD who were listening to narratives depicting their own memories. An intersubject representational similarity analysis of cross-subject semantic content and neural patterns revealed a differentiation in hippocampal representation by narrative type: semantically similar, sad autobiographical memories elicited similar neural representations across participants. By contrast, within the same individuals, semantically similar trauma memories were not represented similarly. Furthermore, we were able to decode memory type from hippocampal multivoxel patterns. Finally, individual symptom severity modulated semantic representation of the traumatic narratives in the posterior cingulate cortex. Taken together, these findings suggest that traumatic memories are an alternative cognitive entity that deviates from memory per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Perl
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The National Center for PTSD, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaustubh R Kulkarni
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The National Center for PTSD, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The National Center for PTSD, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ifat Levy
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology and the Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- The National Center for PTSD, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychology and the Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniela Schiller
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Nguyen R, Koukoutselos K, Forro T, Ciocchi S. Fear extinction relies on ventral hippocampal safety codes shaped by the amygdala. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4881. [PMID: 37256958 PMCID: PMC10413664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extinction memory retrieval is influenced by spatial contextual information that determines responding to conditioned stimuli (CS). However, it is poorly understood whether contextual representations are imbued with emotional values to support memory selection. Here, we performed activity-dependent engram tagging and in vivo single-unit electrophysiological recordings from the ventral hippocampus (vH) while optogenetically manipulating basolateral amygdala (BLA) inputs during the formation of cued fear extinction memory. During fear extinction when CS acquire safety properties, we found that CS-related activity in the vH reactivated during sleep consolidation and was strengthened upon memory retrieval. Moreover, fear extinction memory was facilitated when the extinction context exhibited precise coding of its affective zones. Last, these activity patterns along with the retrieval of the fear extinction memory were dependent on glutamatergic transmission from the BLA during extinction learning. Thus, fear extinction memory relies on the formation of contextual and stimulus safety representations in the vH instructed by the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Forro
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Dimitrova LI, Dean SL, Schlumpf YR, Vissia EM, Nijenhuis ERS, Chatzi V, Jäncke L, Veltman DJ, Chalavi S, Reinders AATS. A neurostructural biomarker of dissociative amnesia: a hippocampal study in dissociative identity disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:805-813. [PMID: 34165068 PMCID: PMC9975991 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the neural correlates of dissociative amnesia, a transdiagnostic symptom mostly present in the dissociative disorders and core characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID). Given the vital role of the hippocampus in memory, a prime candidate for investigation is whether total and/or subfield hippocampal volume can serve as biological markers of dissociative amnesia. METHODS A total of 75 women, 32 with DID and 43 matched healthy controls (HC), underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using Freesurfer (version 6.0), volumes were extracted for bilateral global hippocampus, cornu ammonis (CA) 1-4, the granule cell molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), fimbria, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (HATA), parasubiculum, presubiculum and subiculum. Analyses of covariance showed volumetric differences between DID and HC. Partial correlations exhibited relationships between the three factors of the dissociative experience scale scores (dissociative amnesia, absorption, depersonalisation/derealisation) and traumatisation measures with hippocampal global and subfield volumes. RESULTS Hippocampal volumes were found to be smaller in DID as compared with HC in bilateral global hippocampus and bilateral CA1, right CA4, right GC-ML-DG, and left presubiculum. Dissociative amnesia was the only dissociative symptom that correlated uniquely and significantly with reduced bilateral hippocampal CA1 subfield volumes. Regarding traumatisation, only emotional neglect correlated negatively with bilateral global hippocampus, bilateral CA1, CA4 and GC-ML-DG, and right CA3. CONCLUSION We propose decreased CA1 volume as a biomarker for dissociative amnesia. We also propose that traumatisation, specifically emotional neglect, is interlinked with dissociative amnesia in having a detrimental effect on hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora I. Dimitrova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie L. Dean
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yolanda R. Schlumpf
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Private Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Littenheid, Switzerland
| | | | - Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis
- Clienia Littenheid AG, Private Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Littenheid, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Chatzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Unit for Plasticity and Learning of the Healthy Aging Brain, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sima Chalavi
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antje A. T. S. Reinders
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Singleton SP, Wang JB, Mithoefer M, Hanlon C, George MS, Mithoefer A, Mithoefer O, Coker AR, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Doblin R, Kuceyeski A. Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:947622. [PMID: 36713926 PMCID: PMC9879604 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinical trials. MDMA is hypothesized to facilitate the therapeutic process, in part, by decreasing fear response during fear memory processing while increasing extinction learning. The acute administration of MDMA in healthy controls modifies recruitment of brain regions involved in the hyperactive fear response in PTSD such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. However, to date there have been no neuroimaging studies aimed at directly elucidating the neural impact of MDMA-AT in PTSD patients. Methods We analyzed brain activity and connectivity via functional MRI during both rest and autobiographical memory (trauma and neutral) response before and two-months after MDMA-AT in nine veterans and first-responders with chronic PTSD of 6 months or more. Results We hypothesized that MDMA-AT would increase amygdala-hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity, however we only found evidence of a trend in the left amygdala-left hippocampus (t = -2.91, uncorrected p = 0.0225, corrected p = 0.0901). We also found reduced activation contrast (trauma > neutral) after MDMA-AT in the cuneus. Finally, the amount of recovery from PTSD after MDMA-AT correlated with changes in four functional connections during autobiographical memory recall: the left amygdala-left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left amygdala-right PCC, left amygdala-left insula, and left isthmus cingulate-left posterior hippocampus. Discussion Amygdala-insular functional connectivity is reliably implicated in PTSD and anxiety, and both regions are impacted by MDMA administration. These findings compliment previous research indicating that amygdala, hippocampus, and insula functional connectivity is a potential target of MDMA-AT, and highlights other regions of interest related to memory processes. More research is necessary to determine if these findings are specific to MDMA-AT compared to other types of treatment for PTSD. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02102802, identifier NCT02102802.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Parker Singleton
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julie B. Wang
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mithoefer
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Colleen Hanlon
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mark S. George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Annie Mithoefer
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Mithoefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Allison R. Coker
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Amy Emerson
- MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Rick Doblin
- Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Tamman AJF, Jiang L, Averill CL, Mason GF, Averill LA, Abdallah CG. Biological embedding of early trauma: the role of higher prefrontal synaptic strength. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2246338. [PMID: 37642398 PMCID: PMC10467533 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2246338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early trauma predicts poor psychological and physical health. Glutamatergic synaptic processes offer one avenue for understanding this relationship, given glutamate's abundance and involvement in reward and stress sensitivity, emotion, and learning. Trauma-induced glutamatergic excitotoxicity may alter neuroplasticity and approach/avoidance tendencies, increasing risk for psychiatric disorders. Studies examine upstream or downstream effects instead of glutamatergic synaptic processes in vivo, limiting understanding of how trauma affects the brain.Objective: In a pilot study using a previously published data set, we examine associations between early trauma and a proposed measure of synaptic strength in vivo in one of the largest human samples to undergo Carbon-13 (13C MRS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were 18 healthy controls and 16 patients with PTSD (male and female).Method: Energy per cycle (EPC), which represents the ratio of neuronal oxidative energy production to glutamate neurotransmitter cycling, was generated as a putative measure of glutamatergic synaptic strength.Results: Results revealed that early trauma was positively correlated with EPC in individuals with PTSD, but not in healthy controls. Increased synaptic strength was associated with reduced behavioural inhibition, and EPC showed stronger associations between reward responsivity and early trauma for those with higher EPC.Conclusion: In the largest known human sample to undergo 13C MRS, we show that early trauma is positively correlated with EPC, a direct measure of synaptic strength. Our study findings have implications for pharmacological treatments thought to impact synaptic plasticity, such as ketamine and psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. F. Tamman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Christopher L. Averill
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lynnette A. Averill
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, West Haven, CT, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Core for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CAMRI), Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Holmes SE, Abdallah C, Esterlis I. Imaging synaptic density in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:186-190. [PMID: 35768568 PMCID: PMC9700860 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a prevalent and heterogeneous disorder with treatment resistance in at least 50% of individuals. Most of the initial studies focused on the monoamine system; however, recently other mechanisms have come under investigation. Specific to the current issue, studies show synaptic involvement in depression. Other articles in this issue report on reductions in synaptic density, dendritic spines, boutons and glia associated with stress and depression. Importantly, it appears that some drugs (e.g., ketamine) may lead to rapid synaptic restoration or synaptogenesis. Direct evidence for this comes from preclinical work. However, neuroimaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), have become useful in assessing these changes in vivo. Here, we describe the use of neuroimaging techniques in the evaluation of synaptic alterations associated with depression in humans, as well as measurement of synaptic restoration after administration of ketamine. Although more research is desired, use of these techniques widen our understanding of depression and move us further along the path to targeted and effective treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi Abdallah
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National Center for PTSD, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- National Center for PTSD, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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9
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Turner VS, O’Sullivan RO, Kheirbek MA. Linking external stimuli with internal drives: A role for the ventral hippocampus. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102590. [PMID: 35753108 PMCID: PMC9818033 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) has long been thought of as the "emotional" hippocampus. Over the past several years, the complexity of vHPC has come to light, highlighting the diversity of cell types, inputs, and outputs that coordinate a constellation of positively and negatively motivated behaviors. Here, we review recent work on how vCA1 contributes to a network that associates external stimuli with internal motivational drive states to promote the selection of adaptive behavioral responses. We propose a model of vHPC function that emphasizes its role in the integration and transformation of internal and external cues to guide behavioral selection when faced with multiple potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Turner
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Mazen A. Kheirbek
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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10
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Hinckley JD, Danielson CK. Elucidating the Neurobiologic Etiology of Comorbid PTSD and Substance Use Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091166. [PMID: 36138902 PMCID: PMC9496654 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood maltreatment and other traumatic event experiences ("trauma") are common among youth, including those with substance use problems including substance use disorders (SUD). Particularly, interpersonal violence is associated with high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and SUD, and these comorbid disorders exhibit high levels of overlapping symptomatology. Theoretical models proposed to explain the bidirectional relationship between PTSD and SUD include the self-medication hypothesis and susceptibility hypothesis. In this article, we explore neurobiologic changes associated with trauma, PTSD, and SUD that underly dysregulated stress response. Examining lessons learned from recent translational and clinical research, we propose that further elucidating the neurobiologic etiology of comorbid PTSD and SUD will require a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach, including the integration of preclinical and clinical studies, exploration of biologic markers in clinical studies, and accumulation of larger studies and longitudinal studies with the power to study PTSD and SUD. Such research can transform the field and ultimately reduce high rates and costly impairment of co-occurring PTSD and SUD across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Hinckley
- Division of Addiction Science, Treatment & Prevention, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1890 N Revere Court, MS-F570, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- National Crime Victims Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, MSC 861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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11
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Tanriverdi B, Gregory DF, Olino TM, Ely TD, Harnett NG, van Rooij SJH, Lebois LAM, Seligowski AV, Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Bollen KA, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, McGrath ME, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Datner EM, Pearson C, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O'Neil BJ, Sanchez LD, Bruce SE, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Smoller JW, Harte SE, Elliott JM, McLean SA, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, Stevens JS, Murty VP. Hippocampal Threat Reactivity Interacts with Physiological Arousal to Predict PTSD Symptoms. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6593-6604. [PMID: 35879096 PMCID: PMC9410748 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0911-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo campal impairments are reliably associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little research has characterized how increased threat sensitivity may interact with arousal responses to alter hippocampal reactivity, and further how these interactions relate to the sequelae of trauma-related symptoms. In a sample of individuals recently exposed to trauma (N = 116, 76 female), we found that PTSD symptoms at 2 weeks were associated with decreased hippocampal responses to threat as assessed with fMRI. Further, the relationship between hippocampal threat sensitivity and PTSD symptomology only emerged in individuals who showed transient, high threat-related arousal, as assayed by an independently collected measure of fear potentiated startle. Collectively, our finding suggests that development of PTSD is associated with threat-related decreases in hippocampal function because of increases in fear-potentiated arousal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alterations in hippocampal function linked to threat-related arousal are reliably associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, how these alterations relate to the sequelae of trauma-related symptoms is unknown. Prior models based on nontrauma samples suggest that arousal may impact hippocampal neurophysiology leading to maladaptive behavior. Here we show that decreased hippocampal threat sensitivity interacts with fear-potentiated startle to predict PTSD symptoms. Specifically, individuals with high fear-potentiated startle and low, transient hippocampal threat sensitivity showed the greatest PTSD symptomology. These findings bridge literatures of threat-related arousal and hippocampal function to better understand PTSD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Tanriverdi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19121
| | - David F Gregory
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19121
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19121
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Antonia V Seligowski
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, and Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02930
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
| | - Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience & Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry/Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida 32209
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida 32209
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey 08103
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Meghan E McGrath
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Elizabeth M Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107
| | - Brian J O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - John F Sheridan
- Department of Biosciences, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43211
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - James M Elliott
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60208
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27559
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30329
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19121
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12
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Averill LA, Jiang L, Purohit P, Coppoli A, Averill CL, Roscoe J, Kelmendi B, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Gueorguieva R, Sanacora G, Krystal JH, Rothman DL, Mason GF, Abdallah CG. Prefrontal Glutamate Neurotransmission in PTSD: A Novel Approach to Estimate Synaptic Strength in Vivo in Humans. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2022; 6:24705470221092734. [PMID: 35434443 PMCID: PMC9008809 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221092734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Trauma and chronic stress are believed to induce and exacerbate psychopathology by disrupting glutamate synaptic strength. However, in vivo in human methods to estimate synaptic strength are limited. In this study, we established a novel putative biomarker of glutamatergic synaptic strength, termed energy-per-cycle (EPC). Then, we used EPC to investigate the role of prefrontal neurotransmission in trauma-related psychopathology. Methods Healthy controls (n = 18) and patients with posttraumatic stress (PTSD; n = 16) completed 13C-acetate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans to estimate prefrontal EPC, which is the ratio of neuronal energetic needs per glutamate neurotransmission cycle (VTCA/VCycle). Results Patients with PTSD were found to have 28% reduction in prefrontal EPC (t = 3.0; df = 32, P = .005). There was no effect of sex on EPC, but age was negatively associated with prefrontal EPC across groups (r = -0.46, n = 34, P = .006). Controlling for age did not affect the study results. Conclusion The feasibility and utility of estimating prefrontal EPC using 13C-acetate MRS were established. Patients with PTSD were found to have reduced prefrontal glutamatergic synaptic strength. These findings suggest that reduced glutamatergic synaptic strength may contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD and could be targeted by new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette A. Averill
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Prerana Purohit
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anastasia Coppoli
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher L. Averill
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Roscoe
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henk M. De Feyter
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Graeme F. Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Yale Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology and
Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US
Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA,Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Core for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CAMRI), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Chadi G. Abdallah, Menninger Department of
Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1977 Butler Blvd, E4187, Houston, TX
77030, USA.
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13
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Fitzgerald JM, Webb EK, Weis CN, Huggins AA, Bennett KP, Miskovich TA, Krukowski JL, deRoon-Cassini TA, Larson CL. Hippocampal Resting-State Functional Connectivity Forecasts Individual Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Data-Driven Approach. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:139-149. [PMID: 34478884 PMCID: PMC8825698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder, and there is no current accurate prediction of who develops it after trauma. Neurobiologically, individuals with chronic PTSD exhibit aberrant resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the hippocampus and other brain regions (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate), and these aberrations correlate with severity of illness. Previous small-scale research (n < 25) has also shown that hippocampal rsFC measured acutely after trauma is predictive of future severity using a region-of-interest-based approach. While this is a promising biomarker, to date, no study has used a data-driven approach to test whole-brain hippocampal FC patterns in forecasting the development of PTSD symptoms. METHODS A total of 98 adults at risk of PTSD were recruited from the emergency department after traumatic injury and completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (8 min) within 1 month; 6 months later, they completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 for assessment of PTSD symptom severity. Whole-brain rsFC values with bilateral hippocampi were extracted (using CONN) and used in a machine learning kernel ridge regression analysis (PRoNTo); a k-folds (k = 10) and 70/30 testing versus training split approach were used for cross-validation (1000 iterations to bootstrap confidence intervals for significance values). RESULTS Acute hippocampal rsFC significantly predicted Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 scores at 6 months (r = 0.30, p = .006; mean squared error = 120.58, p = .006; R2 = 0.09, p = .025). In post hoc analyses, hippocampal rsFC remained significant after controlling for demographics, PTSD symptoms at baseline, and depression, anxiety, and stress severity at 6 months (B = 0.59, SE = 0.20, p = .003). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that functional connectivity of the hippocampus across the brain acutely after traumatic injury is associated with prospective PTSD symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth Kate Webb
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carissa N. Weis
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley A. Huggins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Terri A. deRoon-Cassini
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christine L. Larson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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14
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Demchenko I, Tassone VK, Kennedy SH, Dunlop K, Bhat V. Intrinsic Connectivity Networks of Glutamate-Mediated Antidepressant Response: A Neuroimaging Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:864902. [PMID: 35722550 PMCID: PMC9199367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.864902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional monoamine-based pharmacotherapy, considered the first-line treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), has several challenges, including high rates of non-response. To address these challenges, preclinical and clinical studies have sought to characterize antidepressant response through monoamine-independent mechanisms. One striking example is glutamate, the brain's foremost excitatory neurotransmitter: since the 1990s, studies have consistently reported altered levels of glutamate in MDD, as well as antidepressant effects following molecular targeting of glutamatergic receptors. Therapeutically, this has led to advances in the discovery, testing, and clinical application of a wide array of glutamatergic agents, particularly ketamine. Notably, ketamine has been demonstrated to rapidly improve mood symptoms, unlike monoamine-based interventions, and the neurobiological basis behind this rapid antidepressant response is under active investigation. Advances in brain imaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, enable the identification of the brain network-based characteristics distinguishing rapid glutamatergic modulation from the effect of slow-acting conventional monoamine-based pharmacology. Here, we review brain imaging studies that examine brain connectivity features associated with rapid antidepressant response in MDD patients treated with glutamatergic pharmacotherapies in contrast with patients treated with slow-acting monoamine-based treatments. Trends in recent brain imaging literature suggest that the activity of brain regions is organized into coherent functionally distinct networks, termed intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). We provide an overview of major ICNs implicated in depression and explore how treatment response following glutamatergic modulation alters functional connectivity of limbic, cognitive, and executive nodes within ICNs, with well-characterized anti-anhedonic effects and the enhancement of "top-down" executive control. Alterations within and between the core ICNs could potentially exert downstream effects on the nodes within other brain networks of relevance to MDD that are structurally and functionally interconnected through glutamatergic synapses. Understanding similarities and differences in brain ICNs features underlying treatment response will positively impact the trajectory and outcomes for adults suffering from MDD and will facilitate the development of biomarkers to enable glutamate-based precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa K Tassone
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Different patterns of functional and structural alterations of hippocampal sub-regions in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment with and without depression symptoms. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1211-1221. [PMID: 32700254 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to cognitive impairments, depression symptoms were reported in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment. Although hippocampal alterations were associated with cognitive decline in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment, the neural mechanism underlying depression symptoms remains unclear. Thus, a cohort of 18 patients with depression symptoms, 17 patients without depression symptoms, and 23 normal controls was used. Functionally, significantly altered resting-state functional connectivity between hippocampal emotional sub-region and right posterior cingulate cortex, between hippocampal cognitive sub-region and right inferior parietal gyrus and between hippocampal perceptual sub-region and left inferior temporal gyrus were identified among three groups. Structurally, significantly altered structural associations between hippocampal emotional sub-region and 6 frontal regions/right pole part of superior temporal gyrus/right inferior occipital gyrus, between hippocampal cognitive sub-region and right orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus /right anterior cingulate cortex, and between hippocampal perceptual and right orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus / left inferior temporal gyrus / left thalamus were identified among the three groups. Further analyses also showed correlations between functional connectivity and depression symptoms and/or cognitive impairments of patients. Together, these results showed different patterns of functional and structural alterations of the hippocampal sub-regions in the subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment with and without depression, which might be specially associated with the depression symptoms and cognitive impairments in these patients.
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16
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Memel M, Lynch K, Lafleche G, Verfaellie M. Autobiographical recall of a stressful negative event in veterans with PTSD. Memory 2021; 29:719-728. [PMID: 34148527 PMCID: PMC10068628 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1940204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterised by alterations in autobiographical memory for traumatic and non-traumatic events. Studies that focus on event construction - the ability to search for and identify a specific event - have documented overgeneral memory in PTSD. However, the quality of autobiographical memory also depends on the ability to elaborate on an event once constructed by providing additional details. In a prior study, individuals with PTSD generated as many episodic (event-specific) details as trauma-exposed controls when demands on event construction were minimized, albeit the PTSD group generated more non-episodic details. The current study sought to further characterize PTSD-related alterations in event elaboration by asking participants to describe a stressful negative event specified by the experimenter, thus minimizing event construction demands. Narratives were scored for episodic and non-episodic details and relations with measures of executive function and self-reported avoidance were examined. Compared to controls, the PTSD group generated narratives with equivalent episodic detail but greater non-episodic detail, including semantic information and repeated or extended events. Non-episodic detail generation was associated with greater avoidance but not executive functions. Elaborated non-trauma memories may be perceived as overgeneral in PTSD due to greater generation of non-episodic details, rather than diminished episodic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Memel
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mieke Verfaellie
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Liddell B, Malhi GS, Felmingham KL, Cheung J, Outhred T, Das P, Nickerson A, Den M, Askovic M, Coello M, Aroche J, Bryant RA. The impact of torture on interpersonal threat and reward neurocircuitry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:153-166. [PMID: 32914655 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420950819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Torture adversely influences emotional functioning, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its impact are unknown. This study examined how torture exposure affects the neural substrates of interpersonal threat and reward processing. METHODS Male refugees with (N = 31) and without (N = 27) torture exposure completed a clinical interview and functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they viewed fear, happy and neutral faces. Between-group activations and neural coupling were examined as moderated by posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cumulative trauma load. RESULTS Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and trauma load significantly moderated group differences in brain activation and connectivity patterns. Torture survivors deactivated the ventral striatum during happy processing compared to non-torture survivor controls as a function of increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity - particularly avoidance symptoms. The ventral striatum was more strongly coupled with the inferior frontal gyrus in torture survivors. Torture survivors also showed left hippocampal deactivation to both fear and happy faces, moderated by trauma load, compared to controls. Stronger coupling between the hippocampus and frontal, temporoparietal and subcortical regions during fear processing was observed, with pathways being predicted by avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms. CONCLUSION Torture exposure was associated with distinct brain activity and connectivity patterns during threat and reward processing, dependent on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Torture appears to affect emotional brain functioning, and findings have the potential to guide more targeted interventions for torture survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gin S Malhi
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Cheung
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Outhred
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Pritha Das
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, Department of Psychiatry, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia
| | | | - Miriam Den
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mirjana Askovic
- NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia
| | - Mariano Coello
- NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia
| | - Jorge Aroche
- NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia
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Characterization of Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder Using Ketamine as an Experimental Medicine Probe. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2021; 6. [PMID: 34632081 PMCID: PMC8500463 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder (PTSD + MDD) is the most common pathological response to trauma, yet despite their synergistic detriment to health, knowledge regarding the neurobiological mechanism underlying PTSD + MDD is extremely limited. This study proposes a novel model of PTSD + MDD that is built on biological systems shown to underlay PTSD + MDD and takes advantage of ketamine’s unique suitability to probe PTSD + MDD due to its rescue of stress-related neuroplasticity deficits. The central hypothesis is that changes in PTSD + MDD clinical symptoms are associated with functional connectivity changes and cognitive dysfunction and that ketamine infusions improve clinical symptoms by correction of functional connectivity changes and improvement in cognition. Participants with PTSD + MDD (n = 42) will be randomized to receive a series of six ketamine infusions or saline-placebo over three weeks. Pre/post-measures will include: (1) neuroimaging; (2) cognitive functioning task performance; and (3) PTSD, MDD, and rumination self-report measures. These measures will also be collected once in a trauma-exposed group including PTSD-only (n = 10), trauma-exposed-MDD (TE-MDD; n = 10), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21). Successful completion of the study will strongly support the concept of a biologically-based model of PTSD + MDD. The results will (1) identify functional imaging signatures of the mechanisms underpinning pathological responses to trauma, (2) shift focus from mono-diagnostic silos to unified biological and behavioral disease processes and, thus, (3) inform interventions to correct dysregulation of PTSD + MDD symptom clusters thereby supporting more precise treatments and better outcomes.
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19
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Torrisi SA, Lavanco G, Maurel OM, Gulisano W, Laudani S, Geraci F, Grasso M, Barbagallo C, Caraci F, Bucolo C, Ragusa M, Papaleo F, Campolongo P, Puzzo D, Drago F, Salomone S, Leggio GM. A novel arousal-based individual screening reveals susceptibility and resilience to PTSD-like phenotypes in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 14:100286. [PMID: 33392367 PMCID: PMC7772817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational animal models for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are valuable for elucidating the poorly understood neurobiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. These models should encompass crucial features, including persistence of PTSD-like phenotypes triggered after exposure to a single traumatic event, trauma susceptibility/resilience and predictive validity. Here we propose a novel arousal-based individual screening (AIS) model that recapitulates all these features. The AIS model was designed by coupling the traumatization (24 h restraint) of C57BL/6 J mice with a novel individual screening. This screening consists of z-normalization of post-trauma changes in startle reactivity, which is a measure of arousal depending on neural circuits conserved across mammals. Through the AIS model, we identified susceptible mice showing long-lasting hyperarousal (up to 56 days post-trauma), and resilient mice showing normal arousal. Susceptible mice further showed persistent PTSD-like phenotypes including exaggerated fear reactivity and avoidance of trauma-related cue (up to 75 days post-trauma), increased avoidance-like behavior and social/cognitive impairment. Conversely, resilient mice adopted active coping strategies, behaving like control mice. We further uncovered novel transcriptional signatures driven by PTSD-related genes as well as dysfunction of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which corroborated the segregation in susceptible/resilient subpopulations obtained through the AIS model and correlated with trauma susceptibility/resilience. Impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity was also observed in susceptible mice. Finally, chronic treatment with paroxetine ameliorated the PTSD-like phenotypes of susceptible mice. These findings indicate that the AIS model might be a new translational animal model for the study of crucial features of PTSD. It might shed light on the unclear PTSD neurobiology and identify new pharmacological targets for this difficult-to-treat disorder. The AIS model includes highly requested features necessary to shape a translational PTSD animal model. Susceptible mice identified through the AIS model exhibited persistent PTSD-like phenotypes. Resilient mice identified through the AIS model adopted active coping strategies. The AIS model revealed molecular adaptations underlying trauma susceptibility/resilience. The AIS model meets the criterion of predictive validity by exclusively using susceptible mice.
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Key Words
- 5-trial SM, 5-trial social memory
- AIS, arousal-based individual screening
- ASR, acoustic startle reactivity
- Amy, amygdala
- Animal model
- BDNF, brain derived neurotropic factor
- BST, basal synaptic transmission
- C, control
- CORT, corticosterone
- DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- EPM, elevated plus maze
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FKBP5, FK506 binding protein 5
- FST, forced swim test
- Fear conditioning
- HIP, hippocampus
- HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
- HT, hypothalamus
- OF, open field
- PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder
- Resilience
- SGK1, serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1
- SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Stress
- Susceptibility
- TE, trauma-exposed
- Z-score
- fEPSPs, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials
- mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano A Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,INSERM, U1215 Neurocentre Magendie and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oriana M Maurel
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Group "Neuronal Plasticity", Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Averill LA, Fouda S, Murrough JW, Abdallah CG. Chronic stress pathology and ketamine-induced alterations in functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: An abridged review of the clinical evidence. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 89:163-194. [PMID: 32616206 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of the neurobiology of depression and the serendipitous discovery of ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant (RAAD) effects has ushered in a new era of innovative research and novel drug development. Since the initial discovery of ketamine's RAAD effects, multiple studies have supported its short-term efficacy for fast-tracked improvements in treatment-resistant depression. Evidence from MRI studies have repeatedly demonstrated functional connectivity alterations in stress- and trauma-related disorders suggesting this may be a viable biomarker of chronic stress pathology (CSP). Human mechanistic studies further support this by coupling functional connectivity to ketamine's RAAD effects including connectivity to glutamate neurotransmission, ketamine to normalized connectivity, and these advantageous normalizations to symptom improvement/ketamine response. This review provides an abridged discussion of the suspected neurobiological underpinnings of ketamine's RAAD effects, highlighting ketamine-induced alterations in prefrontal, striatal, and anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. We present a model of CSP underscoring the role of synaptic loss and dysconnectivity and discuss how ketamine may be used both as (1) a treatment to restore and normalize these stress-induced neural alterations and (2) a tool to study potential biomarkers of CSP and treatment response. We conclude by noting challenges and future directions including heterogeneity, sex differences, the role of early life stress, and the need for proliferation of new methods, paradigms, and tools that will optimize signal and allow analyses at different levels of complexity, according to the needs of the question at hand, perhaps by thinking hierarchically about both clinical and biological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette A Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Samar Fouda
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James W Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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21
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Ketamine and rapid acting antidepressants: Are we ready to cure, rather than treat depression? Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112628. [PMID: 32407817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability, with often chronic course of illness and high treatment resistance in a large proportion of patients. In the current short perspective paper, we present evidence supporting the presence of synaptic-based chronic stress pathology (CSP) in depression and across a number of psychiatric disorders. We summarize the synaptic connectivity model of CSP, and briefly review related preclinical and clinical evidence, while providing appropriate references for more comprehensive reviews and alternative models. We then underscore some gaps in the literature and provide various tips for future directions.
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22
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Suarez-Jimenez B, Zhu X, Lazarov A, Mann JJ, Schneier F, Gerber A, Barber JP, Chambless DL, Neria Y, Milrod B, Markowitz JC. Anterior hippocampal volume predicts affect-focused psychotherapy outcome. Psychol Med 2020; 50:396-402. [PMID: 30773148 PMCID: PMC6698431 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus plays an important role in psychopathology and treatment outcome. While posterior hippocampus (PH) may be crucial for the learning process that exposure-based treatments require, affect-focused treatments might preferentially engage anterior hippocampus (AH). Previous studies have distinguished the different functions of these hippocampal sub-regions in memory, learning, and emotional processes, but not in treatment outcome. Examining two independent clinical trials, we hypothesized that anterior hippocampal volume would predict outcome of affect-focused treatment outcome [Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT); Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP)], whereas posterior hippocampal volume would predict exposure-based treatment outcome [Prolonged Exposure (PE); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Applied Relaxation Training (ART)]. METHODS Thirty-five patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 24 with panic disorder (PD) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before randomization to affect-focused (IPT for PTSD; PFPP for PD) or exposure-based treatments (PE for PTSD; CBT or ART for PD). AH and PH volume were regressed with clinical outcome changes. RESULTS Baseline whole hippocampal volume did not predict post-treatment clinical severity scores in any treatment. For affect-focused treatments, but not exposure-based treatments, anterior hippocampal volume predicted clinical improvement. Smaller AH correlated with greater affect-focused treatment improvement. Posterior hippocampal volume did not predict treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore associations between hippocampal volume sub-regions and treatment outcome in PTSD and PD. Convergent results suggest that affect-focused treatment may influence the clinical outcome through the 'limbic' AH, whereas exposure-based treatments do not. These preliminary, theory-congruent, therapeutic findings require replication in a larger clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Zhu
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit Lazarov
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J. John Mann
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franklin Schneier
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Gerber
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, CT, USA
| | - Jacques P. Barber
- Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yuval Neria
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - John C. Markowitz
- Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23
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Syed MA, Yang Z, Rangaprakash D, Hu X, Dretsch MN, Katz JS, Denney TS, Deshpande G. DisConICA: a Software Package for Assessing Reproducibility of Brain Networks and their Discriminability across Disorders. Neuroinformatics 2020; 18:87-107. [PMID: 31187352 PMCID: PMC6904532 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-019-09422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of objective biomarkers to accurately identify the underlying etiology and related pathophysiology of disparate brain-based disorders that are less distinguishable clinically. Brain networks derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been a popular tool for discovering candidate biomarkers. Specifically, independent component analysis (ICA) of rs-fMRI data is a powerful multivariate technique for investigating brain networks. However, ICA-derived brain networks that are not highly reproducible within heterogeneous clinical populations may exhibit mean statistical separation between groups, yet not be sufficiently discriminative at the individual-subject level. We hypothesize that functional brain networks that are most reproducible in subjects within clinical and control groups separately, but not when the two groups are merged, may possess the ability to discriminate effectively between the groups even at the individual-subject level. In this study, we present DisConICA or "Discover Confirm Independent Component Analysis", a software package that implements the methodology in support of our hypothesis. It relies on a "discover-confirm" approach based upon the assessment of reproducibility of independent components (representing brain networks) obtained from rs-fMRI (discover phase) using the gRAICAR (generalized Ranking and Averaging Independent Component Analysis by Reproducibility) algorithm, followed by unsupervised clustering analysis of these components to evaluate their ability to discriminate between groups (confirm phase). The unique feature of our software package is its ability to seamlessly interface with other software packages such as SPM and FSL, so that all related analyses utilizing features of other software can be performed within our package, thus providing a one-stop software solution starting with raw DICOM images to the final results. We showcase our software using rs-fMRI data acquired from US Army soldiers returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan who were clinically grouped into the following groups: PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), comorbid PCS (post-concussion syndrome) + PTSD, and matched healthy combat controls. This software package along with test data sets is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/masauburn/disconica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Syed
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D Rangaprakash
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, USA
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Joint Base Lewis-McCord, Tacoma, WA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Katz
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Thomas S Denney
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
- Center for Health Ecology and Equity Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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24
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Resting-state functional connectivity after hydrocortisone administration in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:936-946. [PMID: 31262544 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that - in contrast to healthy individuals - patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showed better memory retrieval performance after hydrocortisone administration compared to placebo. As these results suggest an altered function of corticosteroid receptors in the brain in PTSD and BPD, we examined the effect of hydrocortisone on brain activation in both disorders. We recruited 40 female healthy controls, 20 female unmedicated patients with PTSD and 18 female unmedicated patients with BPD. We conducted a placebo-controlled cross-over study, in which all participants underwent two resting state MRI measurements after they received either a placebo or 10 mg hydrocortisone orally and in randomized order. There was a time interval of one week between the measurements. We analysed resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the hippocampus and the amygdala as seed regions. Compared to healthy controls, both patient groups showed reduced hippocampus RSFC to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Positive hippocampus dmPFC RSFC correlated negatively with childhood trauma (r = -0.47) and with severity of clinical symptoms, measured with the Borderline Symptom List (r = -0.44) and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (r = -0.45). We found neither differences in amygdala RSFC nor an effect of hydrocortisone administration. Childhood trauma might lead to decreased positive hippocampus dmPFC RSFC. This might explain symptoms of PTSD and BPD that are characterized by dysfunctional fear regulation.
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25
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Herrold AA, Smith B, Aaronson AL, Coleman J, Pape TLB. Relationships and Evidence-Based Theoretical Perspectives on Persisting Symptoms and Functional Impairment Among Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavioral Health Conditions. Mil Med 2019; 184:138-147. [PMID: 30901443 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to characterize and describe the relationships between symptoms and functional impairment following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and behavioral health conditions (BHCs) in order to inform evidence-based theories on why symptoms and functional impairments persist in some individuals but not others. This is a retrospective, multi-site, cross-sectional study utilizing data collected from a total of 289 Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Veterans who were classified into diagnostic groups using the symptom attribution and classification algorithm and the VA clinical reminder and comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation. The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory was used to assess mTBI symptom number and severity. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 was used to assess functional impairment. Symptom profiles differed between diagnostic groups irrespective of symptom attribution method used. Veterans with both mTBI and BHCs and those with BHCs alone had consistently greater number of symptoms and more severe symptoms relative to no symptom and symptoms resolved groups. Symptom number and severity were significantly associated with functional impairment. Both symptom number and functional impairment were significantly associated with the number of mTBI exposures. Together, these results informed evidence-based theories on understanding why symptoms and functional impairment persist among some OEF/OIF Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Herrold
- Research Service & Center for Innovation and Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, 5000 S 5th Ave, MC 151 H, Hines, IL.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lakeshore Dr., Chicago, IL
| | - Bridget Smith
- Research Service & Center for Innovation and Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, 5000 S 5th Ave, MC 151 H, Hines, IL.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 310 E. Superior St., Morton 4-685, Chicago, IL
| | - Alexandra L Aaronson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lakeshore Dr., Chicago, IL.,Mental Health Service Line, Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, 5000 S. 5th Ave, Hines, IL
| | - John Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX
| | - Theresa L-B Pape
- Research Service & Center for Innovation and Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, 5000 S 5th Ave, MC 151 H, Hines, IL.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N Lakeshore Dr., Chicago, IL
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26
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Bai T, Wei Q, Xie W, Wang A, Wang J, JI GJ, Wang K, Tian Y. Hippocampal-subregion functional alterations associated with antidepressant effects and cognitive impairments of electroconvulsive therapy. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1357-1364. [PMID: 30229715 PMCID: PMC6518386 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), an effective antidepressive treatment, is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment (predominantly memory), usually transient and self-limited. The hippocampus is a key region involved in memory and emotion processing, and in particular, the anterior-posterior hippocampal subregions has been shown to be associated with emotion and memory. However, less is known about the relationship between hippocampal-subregion alterations following ECT and antidepressant effects or cognitive impairments. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) based on the seeds of hippocampal subregions were investigated in 45 pre- and post-ECT depressed patients. Structural connectivity between hippocampal subregions and corresponding functionally abnormal regions was also conducted using probabilistic tractography. Antidepressant effects and cognitive impairments were measured by the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Category Verbal Fluency Test (CVFT), respectively. Their relationships with hippocampal-subregions alterations were examined. RESULTS After ECT, patients showed increased RSFC in the hippocampal emotional subregion (HIPe) with the left middle occipital gyrus (LMOG) and right medial temporal gyrus (RMTG). Decreased HDRS was associated with increased HIPe-RMTG RSFC (r = -0.316, p = 0.035) significantly and increased HIPe-LMOG RSFC at trend level (r = -0.283, p = 0.060). In contrast, the hippocampal cognitive subregion showed decreased RSFC with the bilateral angular gyrus, and was correlated with decreased CVFT (r = 0.418, p = 0.015 for left; r = 0.356, p = 0.042 for right). No significant changes were found in structural connectivity. CONCLUSION The hippocampal-subregions functional alterations may be specially associated with the antidepressant and cognitive effects of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Anzhen Wang
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Gong-Jun JI
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chaohu Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China
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Couto-Pereira NDS, Lampert C, Vieira ADS, Lazzaretti C, Kincheski GC, Espejo PJ, Molina VA, Quillfeldt JA, Dalmaz C. Resilience and Vulnerability to Trauma: Early Life Interventions Modulate Aversive Memory Reconsolidation in the Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:134. [PMID: 31191245 PMCID: PMC6546926 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life experiences program lifelong responses to stress. In agreement, resilience and vulnerability to psychopathologies, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have been suggested to depend on the early background. New therapies have targeted memory reconsolidation as a strategy to modify the emotional valence of traumatic memories. Here, we used animal models to study the molecular mechanism through which early experiences may later affect aversive memory reconsolidation. Handling (H)—separation of pups from dams for 10 min—or maternal separation (MS) — 3-h separation—were performed from PDN1–10, using non-handled (NH) litters as controls. Adult males were trained in a contextual fear conditioning (CFC) task; 24 h later, a short reactivation session was conducted in the conditioned or in a novel context, followed by administration of midazolam 3 mg/kg i.p. (mdz), known to disturb reconsolidation, or vehicle; a test session was performed 24 h after. The immunocontent of relevant proteins was studied 15 and 60 min after memory reactivation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHc) and basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). Mdz-treated controls (NH) showed decreased freezing to the conditioned context, consistent with reconsolidation impairment, but H and MS were resistant to labilization. Additionally, MS males showed increased freezing to the novel context, suggesting fear generalization; H rats showed lower freezing than the other groups, in accordance with previous suggestions of reduced emotionality facing adversities. Increased levels of Zif268, GluN2B, β-actin and polyubiquitination found in the BLA of all groups suggest that memory reconsolidation was triggered. In the dHc, only NH showed increased Zif268 levels after memory retrieval; also, a delay in ERK1/2 activation was found in H and MS animals. We showed here that reconsolidation of a contextual fear memory is insensitive to interference by a GABAergic drug in adult male rats exposed to different neonatal experiences; surprisingly, we found no differences in the reconsolidation process in the BLA, but the dHc appears to suffer temporal desynchronization in the engagement of reconsolidation. Our results support a hippocampal-dependent mechanism for reconsolidation resistance in models of early experiences, which aligns with current hypotheses for the etiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carine Lampert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Vieira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lazzaretti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grasielle Clotildes Kincheski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Javier Espejo
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Victor Alejandro Molina
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberto Quillfeldt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abdallah CG, Averill CL, Ramage AE, Averill LA, Goktas S, Nemati S, Krystal JH, Roache JD, Resick PA, Young-McCaughan S, Peterson AL, Fox P. Salience Network Disruption in U.S. Army Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 31131337 PMCID: PMC6529942 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019850467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Better understanding of the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) may be critical to developing novel, effective therapeutics. Here, we
conducted a data-driven investigation using a well-established, graph-based
topological measure of nodal strength to determine the extent of functional
dysconnectivity in a cohort of active duty U.S. Army soldiers with PTSD
compared to controls. Methods A total of 102 participants with (n = 50) or without PTSD (n = 52) completed
functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during symptom provocation
using subject-specific script imagery. Vertex/voxel global brain
connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr), a measure of nodal
strength, was calculated as the average of its functional connectivity with
all other vertices/voxels in the brain gray matter. Results In contrast to resting state, where there were no group differences, we found
a significantly higher GBCr during symptom provocation, in PTSD participants
compared to controls, in areas within the right hemisphere, including
anterior insula, caudal-ventrolateral prefrontal, and rostral-ventrolateral
parietal cortices. Overall, these clusters overlapped with the ventral and
dorsal salience networks. Post hoc analysis showed increased GBCr in these
salience clusters during symptom provocation compared to resting state. In
addition, resting-state GBCr in the salience clusters predicted GBCr during
symptom provocation in PTSD participants but not in controls. Conclusion In PTSD, increased connectivity within the salience network has been
previously hypothesized, based primarily on seed-based connectivity
findings. The current results strongly support this hypothesis using
whole-brain network measure in a fully data-driven approach. It remains to
be seen in future studies whether these identified salience disturbances
would normalize following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amy E Ramage
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Selin Goktas
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samaneh Nemati
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John D Roache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stacey Young-McCaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alan L Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Abdallah CG, Averill CL, Ramage AE, Averill LA, Alkin E, Nemati S, Krystal JH, Roache JD, Resick P, Young-McCaughan S, Peterson AL, Fox P. Reduced Salience and Enhanced Central Executive Connectivity Following PTSD Treatment. CHRONIC STRESS 2019; 3. [PMID: 31008419 PMCID: PMC6469713 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019838971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background In soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder, symptom provocation was found
to induce increased connectivity within the salience network, as measured by
functional magnetic resonance imaging and global brain connectivity with
global signal regression (GBCr). However, it is unknown whether these GBCr
disturbances would normalize following effective posttraumatic stress
disorder treatment. Methods Sixty-nine US Army soldiers with (n = 42) and without posttraumatic stress
disorder (n = 27) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest
and during symptom provocation using subject-specific script imagery. Then,
participants with posttraumatic stress disorder received six weeks (12
sessions) of group cognitive processing therapy or present-centered therapy.
At week 8, all participants repeated the functional magnetic resonance
imaging scans. The primary analysis used a region-of-interest approach to
determine the effect of treatment on salience GBCr. A secondary analysis was
conducted to explore the pattern of GBCr alterations posttreatment in
posttraumatic stress disorder participants compared to controls. Results Over the treatment period, present-centered therapy significantly reduced
salience GBCr (p = .02). Compared to controls, salience
GBCr was high pretreatment (present-centered therapy,
p = .01; cognitive processing therapy,
p = .03) and normalized post-present-centered therapy
(p = .53) but not postcognitive processing therapy
(p = .006). Whole-brain secondary analysis found high
GBCr within the central executive network in posttraumatic stress disorder
participants compared to controls. Post hoc exploratory analyses showed
significant increases in executive GBCr following cognitive processing
therapy treatment (p = .01). Conclusion The results support previous models relating cognitive processing therapy to
central executive network and enhanced cognitive control while unraveling a
previously unknown neurobiological mechanism of present-centered therapy
treatment, demonstrating treatment-specific reduction in salience
connectivity during trauma recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amy E Ramage
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evelyn Alkin
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samaneh Nemati
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John D Roache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Patricia Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stacey Young-McCaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alan L Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Cheng W, Han F, Shi Y. Neonatal isolation modulates glucocorticoid-receptor function and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal and amygdala neurons in a rat model of single prolonged stress. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:682-694. [PMID: 30611912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life and stressful experiences affect hippocampal and amygdala structure and function. They also increase the incidence of mental and nervous system disorders in adults. However, prospective studies have yet to show if early-life experiences affect the risk/severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS We applied neonatal isolation (NI) alone, single prolonged stress (SPS) alone and NI + SPS to rats. We evaluated anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory of behavior using open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests. Then, we measured expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and synaptic-related proteins by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blotting in the hippocampus and amygdala. RESULTS NI + SPS exacerbated the increased anxiety levels and impaired spatial memory induced by NI alone or SPS alone. NI alone or SPS alone induced varying degrees of change in expression of GRs and synaptic proteins (synapsin I and postsynaptic density protein-95) in the hippocampus and amygdala. There were opposite changes in GR expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala. The degree of such change was exacerbated considerably by NI + SPS. In addition, neuroligin (NLG)-1 and NLG-2 were distributed in postsynaptic sites of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively. NI, SPS, and NI + SPS altered the patterns of NLG-1 and NLG-2 colocalization as well as their intensity. NI + SPS strengthened the increased ratio of NLG-1/NLG-2 in the hippocampus, but decreased this ratio in the amygdala. CONCLUSIONS NI and SPS together induced greater degrees of change in anxiety and spatial memory, as well as GR and synaptic protein levels, in the hippocampus and amygdala than the changes induced by NI alone or SPS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China; Neonatal Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Han
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxiu Shi
- PTSD Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Sciences College, China Medical University, 77, Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110001 Shenyang, China.
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Abdallah CG, Averill LA, Akiki TJ, Raza M, Averill CL, Gomaa H, Adikey A, Krystal JH. The Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 59:171-189. [PMID: 30216745 PMCID: PMC6326888 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New approaches to the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are needed to address the reported crisis in PTSD drug development. These new approaches may require the field to move beyond a narrow fear-based perspective, as fear-based medications have not yet demonstrated compelling efficacy. Antidepressants, particularly recent rapid-acting antidepressants, exert complex effects on brain function and structure that build on novel aspects of the biology of PTSD, including a role for stress-related synaptic dysconnectivity in the neurobiology and treatment of PTSD. Here, we integrate this perspective within a broader framework-in other words, a dual pathology model of ( a) stress-related synaptic loss arising from amino acid-based pathology and ( b) stress-related synaptic gain related to monoamine-based pathology. Then, we summarize the standard and experimental (e.g., ketamine) pharmacotherapeutic options for PTSD and discuss their putative mechanism of action and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Teddy J Akiki
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Mohsin Raza
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Christopher L Averill
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Hassaan Gomaa
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Archana Adikey
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Abdallah CG, Sanacora G, Duman RS, Krystal JH. The neurobiology of depression, ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: Is it glutamate inhibition or activation? Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:148-158. [PMID: 29803629 PMCID: PMC6165688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the antidepressant effects of ketamine has opened a breakthrough opportunity to develop a truly novel class of safe, effective, and rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs). In addition, the rapid and robust biological and behavioral effects of ketamine offered a unique opportunity to utilize the drug as a tool to thoroughly investigate the neurobiology of stress and depression in animals, and to develop sensitive and reproducible biomarkers in humans. The ketamine literature over the past two decades has considerably enriched our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic stress, depression, and RAADs. However, considering the complexity of the pharmacokinetics and in vivo pharmacodynamics of ketamine, several questions remain unanswered and, at times, even answered questions continue to be considered controversial or at least not fully understood. The current perspective paper summarizes our understanding of the neurobiology of depression, and the mechanisms of action of ketamine and other RAADs. The review focuses on the role of glutamate neurotransmission - reviewing the history of the "glutamate inhibition" and "glutamate activation" hypotheses, proposing a synaptic connectivity model of chronic stress pathology, and describing the mechanism of action of ketamine. It will also summarize the clinical efficacy findings of putative RAADs, present relevant human biomarker findings, and discuss current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, USA.
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, USA
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Specificity of Primate Amygdalar Pathways to Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10019-10041. [PMID: 30249799 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1267-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala projects to hippocampus in pathways through which affective or social stimuli may influence learning and memory. We investigated the still unknown amygdalar termination patterns and their postsynaptic targets in hippocampus from system to synapse in rhesus monkeys of both sexes. The amygdala robustly innervated the stratum lacunosum-moleculare layer of cornu ammonis fields and uncus anteriorly. Sparser terminations in posterior hippocampus innervated the radiatum and pyramidal layers at the prosubicular/CA1 juncture. The terminations, which were larger than other afferents in the surrounding neuropil, position the amygdala to influence hippocampal input anteriorly, and its output posteriorly. Most amygdalar boutons (76-80%) innervated spines of excitatory hippocampal neurons, and most of the remaining innervated presumed inhibitory neurons, identified by morphology and label with parvalbumin or calretinin, which distinguished nonoverlapping neurochemical classes of hippocampal inhibitory neurons. In CA1, amygdalar axons innervated some calretinin neurons, which disinhibit pyramidal neurons. By contrast, in CA3 the amygdala innervated both calretinin and parvalbumin neurons; the latter strongly inhibit nearby excitatory neurons. In CA3, amygdalar pathways also made closely spaced dual synapses on excitatory neurons. The strong excitatory synapses in CA3 may facilitate affective context representations and trigger sharp-wave ripples associated with memory consolidation. When the amygdala is excessively activated during traumatic events, the specialized innervation of excitatory neurons and the powerful parvalbumin inhibitory neurons in CA3 may allow the suppression of activity of nearby neurons that receive weaker nonamygdalar input, leading to biased passage of highly charged affective stimuli and generalized fear.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Strong pathways from the amygdala targeted the anterior hippocampus, and more weakly its posterior sectors, positioned to influence a variety of emotional and cognitive functions. In hippocampal field CA1, the amygdala innervated some calretinin neurons, which disinhibit excitatory neurons. By contrast, in CA3 the amygdala innervated calretinin as well as some of the powerful parvalbumin inhibitory neurons and may help balance the activity of neural ensembles to allow social interactions, learning, and memory. These results suggest that when the amygdala is hyperactive during emotional upheaval, it strongly activates excitatory hippocampal neurons and parvalbumin inhibitory neurons in CA3, which can suppress nearby neurons that receive weaker input from other sources, biasing the passage of stimuli with high emotional import and leading to generalized fear.
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Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Wrocklage KM, Scott JC, Averill LA, Schweinsburg B, Alexander-Bloch A, Martini B, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Topology of brain functional connectivity networks in posttraumatic stress disorder. Data Brief 2018; 20:1658-1675. [PMID: 30364328 PMCID: PMC6195053 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present functional neuroimaging-based network data (focused on the default mode network) collected from a cohort of US Veterans with history of combat exposure, combined with clinical assessments for PTSD and other psychiatric comorbidities. The data has been processed and analyzed using several network construction methods (signed, thresholded, normalized to phase-randomized and rewired surrogates, functional and multimodal parcellation). An interpretation and discussion of the data can be found in the main NeuroImage article by Akiki et al. [51].
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy J Akiki
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Gaylord Specialty Healthcare, Department of Psychology, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brenda Martini
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Averill CL, Averill LA, Wrocklage KM, Scott JC, Akiki TJ, Schweinsburg B, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Altered White Matter Diffusivity of the Cingulum Angular Bundle in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:75-82. [PMID: 30397595 DOI: 10.1159/000490464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Study Prior studies showed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related alterations in white matter integrity, but most of these studies have used region-based approaches. We address this limitation by investigating the relationship between PTSD severity and fractional anisotropy (FA) using a tract-based approach. Procedures Structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were acquired from 67 combat-exposed US Veterans and processed using FSL/FreeSurfer TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy. Partial correlations were conducted between PTSD severity and FA of the cingulum and uncinate fasciculi covarying for age, sex, and head motion. Results Only FA of the left cingulum angular bundle (CAB) was positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity (r = 0.433, p = 0.001, df = 57) and remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusions This finding may imply greater organization of the CAB with increasing PTSD severity. The CAB connects directly to the cingulate cortex and the hippocampal subiculum, critical nodes of the default mode network, as well as being implicated in neurodegeneration pathology, decision-making, and executive functions, which may help explain previously shown alterations in this network in PTSD. Message of the Paper Further study of white matter tract integrity in PTSD is warranted, particularly to investigate whether the CAB connections with both higher-order cognitive functioning and emotion processing regions contribute to the pathophysiology and comorbidity of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Gaylord Specialty Healthcare, Department of Psychology, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teddy J Akiki
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Garcia-Gonzalez D, Race NS, Voets NL, Jenkins DR, Sotiropoulos SN, Acosta G, Cruz-Haces M, Tang J, Shi R, Jérusalem A. Cognition based bTBI mechanistic criteria; a tool for preventive and therapeutic innovations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10273. [PMID: 29980750 PMCID: PMC6035210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury has been associated with neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, although damage due to oxidative stress appears to be important, the specific mechanistic causes of such disorders remain elusive. Here, to determine the mechanical variables governing the tissue damage eventually cascading into cognitive deficits, we performed a study on the mechanics of rat brain under blast conditions. To this end, experiments were carried out to analyse and correlate post-injury oxidative stress distribution with cognitive deficits on a live rat exposed to blast. A computational model of the rat head was developed from imaging data and validated against in vivo brain displacement measurements. The blast event was reconstructed in silico to provide mechanistic thresholds that best correlate with cognitive damage at the regional neuronal tissue level, irrespectively of the shape or size of the brain tissue types. This approach was leveraged on a human head model where the prediction of cognitive deficits was shown to correlate with literature findings. The mechanistic insights from this work were finally used to propose a novel protective device design roadmap and potential avenues for therapeutic innovations against blast traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Nicholas S Race
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Natalie L Voets
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Damian R Jenkins
- Army Registrar in Neurology and Lecturer in Medicine and Physiology, St Hugh's College, St Margaret's Rd, Oxford, OX2 6LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Glen Acosta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marcela Cruz-Haces
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Tang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- PULSe Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Antoine Jérusalem
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
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Lee K, Khoo HM, Lina JM, Dubeau F, Gotman J, Grova C. Disruption, emergence and lateralization of brain network hubs in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:71-84. [PMID: 30094158 PMCID: PMC6070692 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hubs of brain networks are brain regions exhibiting denser connections than others, promoting long-range communication. Studies suggested the reorganization of hubs in epilepsy. The patterns of connector hub abnormalities specific to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) are unclear. We wish to quantify connector hub abnormalities in mTLE and identify epilepsy-related resting state networks involving abnormal connector hubs. A recently developed sparsity-based analysis of reliable k-hubness (SPARK) allowed us to address this question by using resting state functional MRI in 20 mTLE patients and 17 healthy controls. Handling the multicollinearity of functional networks, SPARK measures a new metric of hubness by counting the number (k) of networks involved in each voxel, and identifies which networks are actually associated to each connector hub. This measure provides new information about the network architecture involving connector hubs and a realistic range of k-hubness. We quantified the disruption and emergence of connector hubs in individual epileptic subjects and assessed the lateralization of networks involving connector hubs. In mTLE, we found pathological disruptions of normal connector hubs in the mTL and within the default mode network. Right mTLE had remarkably higher emergence of new connector hubs in the mTL than left mTLE. Different patterns of lateralization of the salience network involving the abnormal hippocampus were found in right versus left mTLE. The temporal, cerebellar, default mode, subcortical and motor networks also contributed to the lateralization of hippocampal networks. We finally observed an asymmetrical connector hub reorganization and overall regularization of epilepsy-related resting state networks in mTLE, characterized by the disruption of distant connections and the emergence of local connections. Individually reproducible brain network hubs in mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE). We observed asymmetrical connector hub reorganization and network regularization in mTLE. We found connector hub disruptions within the mTL and default mode network. Emergence of new connector hubs in the mTL was prominent in right but not in left mTLE. Lateralization of hippocampal connectivity was associated with the salience network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjoo Lee
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Hui Ming Khoo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka Prefecture, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame O, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada; Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt 2920 Chemin de la tour, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - François Dubeau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christophe Grova
- Multimodal Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt 2920 Chemin de la tour, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Physics and PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Rue Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Wrocklage KM, Scott JC, Averill LA, Schweinsburg B, Alexander-Bloch A, Martini B, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Default mode network abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder: A novel network-restricted topology approach. Neuroimage 2018; 176:489-498. [PMID: 29730491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption in the default mode network (DMN) has been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, studies have largely been limited to seed-based methods and involved inconsistent definitions of the DMN. Recent advances in neuroimaging and graph theory now permit the systematic exploration of intrinsic brain networks. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion MRI, and graph theoretical analyses to systematically examine the DMN connectivity and its relationship with PTSD symptom severity in a cohort of 65 combat-exposed US Veterans. We employed metrics that index overall connectivity strength, network integration (global efficiency), and network segregation (clustering coefficient). Then, we conducted a modularity and network-based statistical analysis to identify DMN regions of particular importance in PTSD. Finally, structural connectivity analyses were used to probe whether white matter abnormalities are associated with the identified functional DMN changes. We found decreased DMN functional connectivity strength to be associated with increased PTSD symptom severity. Further topological characterization suggests decreased functional integration and increased segregation in subjects with severe PTSD. Modularity analyses suggest a spared connectivity in the posterior DMN community (posterior cingulate, precuneus, angular gyrus) despite overall DMN weakened connections with increasing PTSD severity. Edge-wise network-based statistical analyses revealed a prefrontal dysconnectivity. Analysis of the diffusion networks revealed no alterations in overall strength or prefrontal structural connectivity. DMN abnormalities in patients with severe PTSD symptoms are characterized by decreased overall interconnections. On a finer scale, we found a pattern of prefrontal dysconnectivity, but increased cohesiveness in the posterior DMN community and relative sparing of connectivity in this region. The DMN measures established in this study may serve as a biomarker of disease severity and could have potential utility in developing circuit-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy J Akiki
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Gaylord Specialty Healthcare, Department of Psychology, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brenda Martini
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Abdallah CG, Dutta A, Averill CL, McKie S, Akiki TJ, Averill LA, William Deakin JF. Ketamine, but Not the NMDAR Antagonist Lanicemine, Increases Prefrontal Global Connectivity in Depressed Patients. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2018; 2:2470547018796102. [PMID: 30263977 PMCID: PMC6154502 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018796102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the neural correlates of ketamine treatment may facilitate and expedite the development of novel, robust, and safe rapid-acting antidepressants. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr) was recently identified as a putative biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence have repeatedly shown reduced PFC GBCr in MDD, an abnormality which appears to normalize following ketamine treatment. METHODS Fifty-six unmedicated participants with MDD were randomized to intravenous placebo (normal saline; n = 18), ketamine (0.5mg/kg; n = 19) or lanicemine (100mg; n = 19). PFC GBCr was computed using time series from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans that were completed at baseline, during infusion, and 24h post-treatment. RESULTS Compared to placebo, ketamine significantly increased average PFC GBCr during infusion (p = 0.01) and 24h post-treatment (p = 0.02). Lanicemine had no significant effects on GBCr during infusion (p = 0.45) and 24h post-treatment (p = 0.23), compared to placebo. Average delta PFC GBCr (during minus baseline) showed a pattern of positively predicting depression improvement in participants receiving ketamine (r = 0.44; p = 0.06; d = 1.0) or lanicemine (r = 0.55; p = 0.01; d = 1.3), but not those receiving placebo (r = -0.1; p = 0.69; d = 0.02). Follow-up vertex-wise analyses showed ketamine-induced GBCr increases in the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and frontomedial PFC during infusion, and in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial PFC 24h post-treatment (corrected p < 0.05). Exploratory vertex-wise analyses examining the relationship with depression improvement showed positive correlation with GBCr in the dorsal PFC during infusion and 24h post-treatment, but negative correlation with GBCr in the ventral PFC during infusion (uncorrected p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a randomized placebo-controlled approach, the results provide the first evidence in MDD of ketamine-induced increases in PFC GBCr during infusion, and suggests that ketamine's rapid-acting antidepressant properties are related to its acute effects on prefrontal connectivity. Overall, the study findings underscore the similarity and differences between ketamine and another N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, while proposing a pharmacoimaging paradigm for optimization of novel rapid-acting antidepressants prior to testing in costly clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G. Abdallah
- Clinical Neurosciences Division,
National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arpan Dutta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust,
Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher L. Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences Division,
National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shane McKie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Teddy J. Akiki
- Clinical Neurosciences Division,
National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lynnette A. Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences Division,
National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. F. William Deakin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS
Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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40
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Holmes SE, Scheinost D, DellaGioia N, Davis MT, Matuskey D, Pietrzak RH, Hampson M, Krystal JH, Esterlis I. Cerebellar and prefrontal cortical alterations in PTSD: structural and functional evidence. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2018; 2:2470547018786390. [PMID: 30035247 PMCID: PMC6054445 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018786390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies have revealed that disturbances in network organization of key brain regions may underlie cognitive and emotional dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Examining both brain structure and function in the same population may further our understanding of network alterations in PTSD. METHODS We used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) and intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD) to identify regions of altered volume and functional connectivity in unmedicated individuals with PTSD (n=21) and healthy comparison (HC) participants (n=18). These regions were then used as seeds for follow-up anatomical covariance and functional connectivity analyses. RESULTS Smaller volume in the cerebellum and weaker structural covariance between the cerebellum seed and middle temporal gyrus were observed in the PTSD group. Individuals with PTSD also exhibited lower whole-brain connectivity in the cerebellum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Functional connectivity in the cerebellum and grey matter volume in the dlPFC were negatively correlated with PTSD severity as measured by the DSM-5 PTSD checklist (PCL-5; r= -.0.77, r=-0.79). Finally, seed connectivity revealed weaker connectivity within nodes of the central executive network (right and left dlPFC), and between nodes of the default mode network (mPFC and cerebellum) and the supramarginal gyrus, in the PTSD group. CONCLUSION We demonstrate structural and functional alterations in PTSD converging on the PFC and cerebellum. Whilst PFC alterations are relatively well established in PTSD, the cerebellum has not generally been considered a key region in PTSD. Our findings add to a growing evidence base implicating cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGioia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Margaret T. Davis
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division,
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division,
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division,
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Averill CL, Satodiya RM, Scott JC, Wrocklage KM, Schweinsburg B, Averill LA, Akiki TJ, Amoroso T, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptom Severities Are Differentially Associated With Hippocampal Subfield Volume Loss in Combat Veterans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 29520395 PMCID: PMC5839647 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017744538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Two decades of human neuroimaging research have associated volume reductions
in the hippocampus with posttraumatic stress disorder. However, little is
known about the distribution of volume loss across hippocampal subfields.
Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have made it possible to accurately
delineate 10 gray matter hippocampal subfields. Here, we apply a volumetric
analysis of hippocampal subfields to data from a group of combat-exposed
Veterans. Method Veterans (total, n = 68, posttraumatic stress disorder, n = 36; combat
control, n = 32) completed high-resolution structural magnetic resonance
imaging. Based on previously validated methods, hippocampal subfield volume
measurements were conducted using FreeSurfer 6.0. The Clinician-Administered
PTSD Scale assessed posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity; Beck
Depression Inventory assessed depressive symptom severity. Controlling for
age and intracranial volume, partial correlation analysis examined the
relationship between hippocampal subfields and symptom severity. Correction
for multiple comparisons was performed using false discovery rate. Gender,
intelligence, combat severity, comorbid anxiety, alcohol/substance use
disorder, and medication status were investigated as potential
confounds. Results In the whole sample, total hippocampal volume
negatively correlated with Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores. Of the 10
hippocampal subfields, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale symptom severity
negatively correlated with the hippocampus–amygdala
transition area (HATA). Beck Depression Inventory scores
negatively correlated with dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis 4 (CA4), HATA,
CA2/3, molecular layer, and CA1. Follow-up analysis limited to the
posttraumatic stress disorder group showed a negative correlation between
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale symptom severity and each of HATA, CA2/3,
molecular layer, and CA4. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence relating posttraumatic stress disorder
and depression symptoms to abnormalities in the HATA, an anterior
hippocampal region highly connected to prefrontal-amygdala circuitry.
Notably, dentate gyrus abnormalities were associated with depression
severity but not posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Future confirmatory
studies should determine the extent to which dentate gyrus volume can
differentiate between posttraumatic stress disorder- and depression-related
pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ritvij M Satodiya
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Gaylord Specialty Healthcare, Department of Psychology, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Teddy J Akiki
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy Amoroso
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Prefrontal Connectivity and Glutamate Transmission: Relevance to Depression Pathophysiology and Ketamine Treatment. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:566-574. [PMID: 29034354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefrontal global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr) was proposed as a robust biomarker of depression, and was associated with ketamine's mechanism of action. Here, we investigated prefrontal GBCr in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at baseline and following treatment. Then, we conducted a set of pharmacological challenges in healthy subjects to investigate the glutamate neurotransmission correlates of GBCr. METHODS In study A, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare GBCr between 22 TRD and 29 healthy control. Then, we examined the effects of ketamine and midazolam on GBCr in TRD patients 24h post-treatment. In study B, we acquired repeated fMRI in 18 healthy subjects to determine the effects of lamotrigine (a glutamate release inhibitor), ketamine, and lamotrigine-by-ketamine interaction. RESULTS In study A, TRD patients showed significant reduction in dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal GBCr compared to healthy control. In TRD patients, GBCr in the altered clusters significantly increased 24h following ketamine (effect size = 1.0 [0.3 1.8]), but not midazolam (effect size = 0.5 [-0.6 1.3]). In study B, oral lamotrigine reduced GBCr 2h post-administration, while ketamine increased medial prefrontal GBCr during infusion. Lamotrigine significantly reduced the ketamine-induced GBCr surge. Exploratory analyses showed elevated ventral prefrontal GBCr in TRD and significant reduction of ventral prefrontal GBCr during ketamine infusion in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study provides first replication of the ability of ketamine to normalize depression-related prefrontal dysconnectivity. It also provides indirect evidence that these effects may be triggered by the capacity of ketamine to enhance glutamate neurotransmission.
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Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Abdallah CG. A Network-Based Neurobiological Model of PTSD: Evidence From Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:81. [PMID: 28924828 PMCID: PMC5960989 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although a fine-grained understanding of the neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is yet to be elucidated, the last two decades have seen a rapid growth in the study of PTSD using neuroimaging techniques. The current review summarizes important findings from functional and structural neuroimaging studies of PTSD, by primarily focusing on their relevance towards an emerging network-based neurobiological model of the disorder. RECENT FINDINGS PTSD may be characterized by a weakly connected and hypoactive default mode network (DMN) and central executive network (CEN) that are putatively destabilized by an overactive and hyperconnected salience network (SN), which appears to have a low threshold for perceived saliency, and inefficient DMN-CEN modulation. There is considerable evidence for large-scale functional and structural network dysfunction in PTSD. Nevertheless, several limitations and gaps in the literature need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy J. Akiki
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher L. Averill
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD – Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Krystal JH, Abdallah CG, Averill LA, Kelmendi B, Harpaz-Rotem I, Sanacora G, Southwick SM, Duman RS. Synaptic Loss and the Pathophysiology of PTSD: Implications for Ketamine as a Prototype Novel Therapeutic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:74. [PMID: 28844076 PMCID: PMC5904792 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies of the neurobiology and treatment of PTSD have highlighted many aspects of the pathophysiology of this disorder that might be relevant to treatment. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential clinical importance of an often-neglected consequence of stress models in animals that may be relevant to PTSD: the stress-related loss of synaptic connectivity. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we will briefly review evidence that PTSD might be a "synaptic disconnection syndrome" and highlight the importance of this perspective for the emerging therapeutic application of ketamine as a potential rapid-acting treatment for this disorder that may work, in part, by restoring synaptic connectivity. Synaptic disconnection may contribute to the profile of PTSD symptoms that may be targeted by novel pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lynette A. Averill
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite #901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Wrocklage KM, Schweinsburg B, Scott JC, Martini B, Averill LA, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. The Association of PTSD Symptom Severity with Localized Hippocampus and Amygdala Abnormalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 28825050 PMCID: PMC5562232 DOI: 10.1177/2470547017724069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The hippocampus and amygdala have been repeatedly implicated in the
psychopathology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While numerous
structural neuroimaging studies examined these two structures in PTSD, these
analyses have largely been limited to volumetric measures. Recent advances
in vertex-based neuroimaging methods have made it possible to identify
specific locations of subtle morphometric changes within a structure of
interest. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance
imaging to examine the relationship between PTSD symptomatology, as measured
using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for the DSM-IV, and structural
shape of the hippocampus and amygdala using vertex-wise shape analyses in a
group of combat-exposed U.S. Veterans (N = 69). Results Following correction for multiple comparisons and controlling for age and
cranial volume, we found that participants with more severe PTSD symptoms
showed an indentation in the anterior half of the right hippocampus and an
indentation in the dorsal region of the right amygdala (corresponding to the
centromedial amygdala). Post hoc analysis using stepwise regression suggest
that among PTSD symptom clusters, arousal symptoms explain most of the
variance in the hippocampal abnormality, whereas reexperiencing symptoms
explain most of the variance in the amygdala abnormality. Conclusion The results provide evidence of localized abnormalities in the anterior
hippocampus and centromedial amygdala in combat-exposed U.S. Veterans
suffering from PTSD symptoms. This novel finding provides a more
fine-grained analysis of structural abnormalities in PTSD and may be
informative for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy J Akiki
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Gaylord Specialty Healthcare, Department of Psychology, Wallingford, Connecticut
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brenda Martini
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Abstract
Pain and stress share significant conceptual and physiological overlaps. Both phenomena challenge the body's homeostasis and necessitate decision-making to help animals adapt to their environment. In addition, chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories. Yet, they also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised well-being. In this brief review, we highlight the commonalities and differences between chronic stress and chronic pain, while focusing particularly on the central role of the limbic brain. We assess the current attempts in the field to conceptualize and understand chronic pain, within the context of knowledge gained from the stress literature. The limbic brain-including hippocampus, amygdala, and ventromedial pre-frontal cortex-plays a critical role in learning. These brain areas integrate incoming nociceptive or stress signals with internal state, and generate learning signals necessary for decision-making. Therefore, the physiological and structural remodeling of this learning circuitry is observed in conditions such as chronic pain, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and is also linked to the risk of onset of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,National Center for PTSD-Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Geha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,National Center for PTSD-Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA.,The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wrocklage KM, Averill LA, Cobb Scott J, Averill CL, Schweinsburg B, Trejo M, Roy A, Weisser V, Kelly C, Martini B, Harpaz-Rotem I, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Cortical thickness reduction in combat exposed U.S. veterans with and without PTSD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:515-525. [PMID: 28279623 PMCID: PMC5429865 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the extent of cortical thinning in U.S. Veterans exposed to combat who varied in the severity of their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In addition, we explored the neural correlates of PTSD symptom dimensions and the interactive effects of combat exposure and PTSD upon cortical thickness. Sixty-nine combat exposed Veterans completed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to estimate cortical thickness. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES) assessments were completed to measure current PTSD and historical combat severity, respectively. PTSD symptom dimensions (numbing, avoidance, reexperiencing, anxious arousal, and dysphoric arousal) were studied. Vertex-wise whole cerebrum analyses were conducted. We found widespread negative correlations between CAPS severity and cortical thickness, particularly within the prefrontal cortex. This prefrontal correlation remained significant after controlling for depression severity, medication status, and other potential confounds. PTSD dimensions, except anxious arousal, negatively correlated with cortical thickness in various unique brain regions. CES negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the left lateral prefrontal, regardless of PTSD diagnosis. A significant interaction between CES and PTSD diagnosis was found, such that CES negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the non-PTSD, but not in the PTSD, participants. The results underscore the severity of cortical thinning in U.S. Veterans suffering from high level of PTSD symptoms, as well as in Veterans with no PTSD diagnosis but severe combat exposure. The latter finding raises considerable concerns about a concealed injury potentially related to combat exposure in the post-9/11 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Wrocklage
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lynnette A Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher L Averill
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brian Schweinsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Marcia Trejo
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alicia Roy
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Valerie Weisser
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christopher Kelly
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Brenda Martini
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven M Southwick
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- National Center for PTSD - Clinical Neurosciences Division, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Abdallah CG, Southwick SM, Krystal JH. Neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A path from novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics. Neurosci Lett 2017; 649:130-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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