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Meng X, Zhang S, Zhou S, Ma Y, Yu X, Guan L. Putative Risk Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in At-risk Youth. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01219-w. [PMID: 38710851 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable and functionally impairing disease. The recognition and intervention of BD especially that characterized by early onset remains challenging. Risk biomarkers for predicting BD transition among at-risk youth may improve disease prognosis. We reviewed the more recent clinical studies to find possible pre-diagnostic biomarkers in youth at familial or (and) clinical risk of BD. Here we found that putative biomarkers for predicting conversion to BD include findings from multiple sample sources based on different hypotheses. Putative risk biomarkers shown by perspective studies are higher bipolar polygenetic risk scores, epigenetic alterations, elevated immune parameters, front-limbic system deficits, and brain circuit dysfunction associated with emotion and reward processing. Future studies need to enhance machine learning integration, make clinical detection methods more objective, and improve the quality of cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Meng
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuzhe Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yantao Ma
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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2
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Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Increased levels of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the hippocampus of subjects with bipolar disorder: a postmortem study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:95-103. [PMID: 34966974 PMCID: PMC9169569 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder shares symptoms and pathological pathways with other neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Since TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a neuropathological marker of frontotemporal dementia and it is involved in synaptic transmission, we explored the role of TDP-43 as a molecular feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Homogenates were acquired from frozen hippocampus of postmortem brains of bipolar disorder subjects. TDP-43 levels were quantified using an ELISA-sandwich method and compared between the postmortem brains of bipolar disorder subjects and age-matched control group. We found higher levels of TDP-43 protein in the hippocampus of BD (n = 15) subjects, when compared to controls (n = 15). We did not find associations of TDP-43 with age at death, postmortem interval, or age of disease onset. Our results suggest that protein TDP-43 may be potentially implicated in behavioral abnormalities seen in BD. Further investigation is needed to validate these findings and to examine the role of this protein during the disease course and mood states.
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4
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Benevenuto D, Saxena K, Fries GR, Valvassori SS, Kahlon R, Saxena J, Kurian S, Zeni CP, Kazimi IF, Scaini G, Soares JC, Quevedo J. Alterations in plasma kynurenine pathway metabolites in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and unaffected offspring of bipolar parents: A preliminary study. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:689-696. [PMID: 33098737 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing scientific evidence in recent years that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with alterations in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. However, many of these studies have been limited by their focus on adults. Thus, this preliminary study investigated differences in the peripheral levels of KYN metabolites in children and adolescents with BD, unaffected offspring of parents with BD, and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 49 youths with BD, 19 bipolar offspring, and 31 HCs. Tryptophan (TRP), KYN, and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were separated using electrospray ionization. RESULTS One-Way ANCOVA after controlling for age, gender, race, BMI-for-age, and smoking status showed that BD had lower levels of KYN, while unaffected high-risk offspring subjects had lower levels of TRP, KYN, and KYNA when compared to HCs. Moreover, we found that KYN, KYN/TRP, and KYNA/KYN levels predicted the severity of depressive symptoms, while the YMRS score was not associated with any metabolite. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this preliminary study has shown that KYN metabolites are decreased in both affected and unaffected subjects, strengthening the idea that the KYN pathway might underlie the familial risk of BD shown by high-risk offspring individuals. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether the alterations observed in this study represent early markers of risk for later developing BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ramandeep Kahlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johanna Saxena
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian P Zeni
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iram F Kazimi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Wen X, Xu X, Luo X, Yin J, Liang C, Zhu J, Nong X, Zhu X, Ning F, Gu S, Xiong S, Fu J, Zhu D, Dai Z, Lv D, Lin Z, Lin J, Li Y, Ma G, Wang Y. Nucks1 gene polymorphism rs823114 is associated with the positive symptoms and neurocognitive function of patients with schizophrenia in parts of southern China. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 31:119-125. [PMID: 34030174 PMCID: PMC8265546 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (nucks1) are considered a potential susceptibility gene for certain neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In our study, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4951261, rs823114 and rs951366) of the nucks1 gene in 774 schizophrenic patients and 819 healthy controls using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (imLDR) technique. Furthermore, we also studied the relationship between the above SNPs and the clinical psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive function of the patients. Genotype distributions and allele frequencies of these SNPs showed no significant differences and were found between patients and healthy controls. However, in an analysis of the positive symptom score of rs823114 among male patients, we found that the score of the A/A genotype was lower than that of the G/A+G/G genotypes (P = 0.001, P(corr) = 0.003]. Additionally, we also found that among the female patients, G allele carriers with rs823114 had lower semantic fluency scores than subjects with the A/A genotype (P = 0.010, P(corr) = 0.030]. Our data show for the first time that rs823114 polymorphism of nucks1 may affect positive symptoms and neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia in parts of southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan
| | - Xusan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan
| | - Xudong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Jinwen Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | | | | | - Xiudeng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | - Fan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | - Susu Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Zhun Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Dong Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Juda Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - You Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjian
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan
| | - Yajun Wang
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
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6
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The Impact of Stress Within and Across Generations: Neuroscientific and Epigenetic Considerations. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 29:303-317. [PMID: 34049337 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of stress and trauma on biological systems in humans can be substantial. They can result in epigenetic changes, accelerated brain development and sexual maturation, and predisposition to psychopathology. Such modifications may be accompanied by behavioral, emotional, and cognitive overtones during one's lifetime. Exposure during sensitive periods of neural development may lead to long-lasting effects that may not be affected by subsequent environmental interventions. The cumulative effects of life stressors in an individual may affect offspring's methylome makeup and epigenetic clocks, neurohormonal modulation and stress reactivity, and physiological and reproductive development. While offspring may suffer deleterious effects from parental stress and their own early-life adversity, these factors may also confer traits that prove beneficial and enhance fitness to their own environment. This article synthesizes the data on how stress shapes biological and behavioral dimensions, drawing from preclinical and human models. Advances in this field of knowledge should potentially allow for an improved understanding of how interventions may be increasingly tailored according to individual biomarkers and developmental history.
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Diaz AP, Cuellar VA, Vinson EL, Suchting R, Durkin K, Fernandes BS, Scaini G, Kazimi I, Zunta-Soares GB, Quevedo J, Sanches M, Soares JC. The Greater Houston Area Bipolar Registry-Clinical and Neurobiological Trajectories of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorders and High-Risk Unaffected Offspring. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:671840. [PMID: 34149481 PMCID: PMC8211873 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this article are to discuss the rationale, design, and procedures of the Greater Houston Area Bipolar Registry (HBR), which aims at contributing to the effort involved in the investigation of neurobiological mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder (BD) as well as to identify clinical and neurobiological markers able to predict BD clinical course. The article will also briefly discuss examples of other initiatives that have made fundamental contributions to the field. This will be a longitudinal study with participants aged 6-17 at the time of enrollment. Participants will be required to meet diagnostic criteria for BD, or to be offspring of a parent with BD. We will also enroll healthy controls. Besides clinical information, which includes neurocognitive performance, participants will be asked to provide blood and saliva samples as well as to perform neuroimaging exams at baseline and follow-ups. Several studies point to the existence of genetic, inflammatory, and brain imaging alterations between individuals at higher genetic risk for BD compared with healthy controls. Longitudinal designs have shown high conversion rates to BD among high-risk offspring, with attempts to identify clinical predictors of disease onset, as well as clarifying the burden associated with environmental stressors. The HBR will help in the worldwide effort investigating the clinical course and neurobiological mechanisms of affected and high-risk children and adolescents with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Paim Diaz
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Valeria A Cuellar
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Vinson
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Suchting
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn Durkin
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Iram Kazimi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - João Quevedo
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marsal Sanches
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, McGovern Medical School, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Scaini G, Valvassori SS, Diaz AP, Lima CN, Benevenuto D, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Neurobiology of bipolar disorders: a review of genetic components, signaling pathways, biochemical changes, and neuroimaging findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:536-551. [PMID: 32267339 PMCID: PMC7524405 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness characterized by changes in mood that alternate between mania and hypomania or between depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment. Although effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available, several patients with BD remain symptomatic. The advance in the understanding of the neurobiology underlying BD could help in the identification of new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and response to treatment in BD. In this review, we discuss genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological and neuroimaging findings associated with the neurobiology of BD. Despite the advances in the pathophysiological knowledge of BD, the diagnosis and management of the disease are still essentially clinical. Given the complexity of the brain and the close relationship between environmental exposure and brain function, initiatives that incorporate genetic, epigenetic, molecular, physiological, clinical, environmental data, and brain imaging are necessary to produce information that can be translated into prevention and better outcomes for patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camila N Lima
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Benevenuto
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders Louis A. Faillace, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Cai X, Chang LB, Potter J, Song C. Adaptive Fisher method detects dense and sparse signals in association analysis of SNV sets. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:46. [PMID: 32241265 PMCID: PMC7118831 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and genotype imputation methods, statistical methods have been proposed to test a set of genomic variants together to detect if any of them is associated with the phenotype or disease. In practice, within the set, there is an unknown proportion of variants truly causal or associated with the disease. There is a demand for statistical methods with high power in both dense and sparse scenarios, where the proportion of causal or associated variants is large or small respectively. RESULTS We propose a new association test - weighted Adaptive Fisher (wAF) that can adapt to both dense and sparse scenarios by adding weights to the Adaptive Fisher (AF) method we developed before. Using simulation, we show that wAF enjoys comparable or better power to popular methods such as sequence kernel association tests (SKAT and SKAT-O) and adaptive SPU (aSPU) test. We apply wAF to a publicly available schizophrenia dataset, and successfully detect thirteen genes. Among them, three genes are supported by existing literature; six are plausible as they either relate to other neurological diseases or have relevant biological functions. CONCLUSIONS The proposed wAF method is a powerful disease-variants association test in both dense and sparse scenarios. Both simulation studies and real data analysis indicate the potential of wAF for new biological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, 1948 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, US
| | - Lo-Bin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, 1948 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, US
| | - Jordan Potter
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Kenyon College, 201 N College Rd., Gambier, Ohio 43022, US
| | - Chi Song
- College of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Ave., 208E Cunz Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, US
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Steardo L, Manchia M, Carpiniello B, Pisanu C, Steardo L, Squassina A. Clinical, genetic, and brain imaging predictors of risk for bipolar disorder in high-risk individuals. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:327-333. [PMID: 32054361 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1727743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Early detection and intervention in bipolar disorder (BD) might reduce illness severity, slow its progression, and, in specific cases, even ward off the full-blown disorder. Therefore, identifying at-risk individuals and targeting them promptly before the illness onset is of the utmost importance. In the last decades, there has been a significant effort aimed at identifying genetic and molecular factors able to modulate risk and pharmacological outcomes.Areas covered: We performed a narrative review of articles aimed at identifying clinical, genetics, molecular, and brain imaging markers of BD specifically focusing on samples of individuals at high-risk for BD. Special emphasis was put on studies applying an integrative design, e.g. studies combining different markers such as genetic and brain imaging.Expert opinion: Findings from studies in risk individuals are still too sparse to allow drawing definite conclusions. However, the high potentiality of longitudinal studies in individuals considered at risk to develop BD supports the need for more efforts. Future investigations should focus on more homogeneous subpopulations and evaluate the cross-linking between clinical, genetic, and brain morphostructural/functional neuroimaging characteristics as predictors of risk for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Steardo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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11
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Artificial Intelligence and the detection of pediatric concussion using epigenomic analysis. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146510. [PMID: 31628932 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Concussion, also referred to as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Currently concussion is an area ofintensescientific interest to better understand the biological mechanisms and for biomarker development. We evaluated whole genome-wide blood DNA cytosine ('CpG') methylation in 17 pediatric concussion isolated cases and 18 unaffected controls using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC assay. Pathway analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to help elucidate the epigenetic and molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curves and FDR p-values were calculated for mTBI detection based on CpG methylation levels. Multiple Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms including Deep Learning (DL), the newest form of AI, were used to predict concussion based on i) CpG methylation markers alone, and ii) combined epigenetic, clinical and demographic predictors. We found 449 CpG sites (473 genes), those were statistically significantly methylated in mTBI compared to controls. There were four CpGs with excellent individual accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.90-1.00) while 119 displayed good accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.80-0.89) for the prediction of mTBI. The CpG methylation changes ≥10% were observed in many CpG loci after concussion suggesting biological significance. Pathway analysis identified several biologically important neurological pathways that were perturbed including those associated with: impaired brain function, cognition, memory, neurotransmission, intellectual disability and behavioral change and associated disorders. The combination of epigenomic and clinical predictors were highly accurate for the detection of concusion using AI techniques. Using DL/AI, a combination of epigenomic and clinical markers had sensitivity and specificity ≧95% for prediction of mTBI. In this novel study, we identified significant methylation changes in multiple genes in response to mTBI. Gene pathways that were epigenetically dysregulated included several known to be involved in neurological function, thus giving biological plausibility to our findings.
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12
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Dowell J, Elser BA, Schroeder RE, Stevens HE. Cellular stress mechanisms of prenatal maternal stress: Heat shock factors and oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett 2019; 709:134368. [PMID: 31299286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of the brain prenatally is affected by maternal experience and exposure. Prenatal maternal psychological stress changes brain development and results in increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, multiple levels of prenatal stress mechanisms (offspring brain, placenta, and maternal physiology) are discussed and their intersection with cellular stress mechanisms explicated. Heat shock factors and oxidative stress are closely related to each other and converge with the inflammation, hormones, and cellular development that have been more deeply explored as the basis of prenatal stress risk. Increasing evidence implicates cellular stress mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders associated with prenatal stress including affective disorders, schizophrenia, and child-onset psychiatric disorders. Heat shock factors and oxidative stress also have links with the mechanisms involved in other kinds of prenatal stress including external exposures such as environmental toxicants and internal disruptions such as preeclampsia. Integrative understanding of developmental neurobiology with these cellular and physiological mechanisms is necessary to reduce risks and promote healthy brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dowell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Benjamin A Elser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Rachel E Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Xu Z, Ruan Z, Huang X, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhou X, Zhang X, Shang L. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in age-related macular degeneration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15083. [PMID: 30946360 PMCID: PMC6455998 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a significant role in many diseases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss for people aged 50 years and above, but the etiology and pathogenesis are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AMD and predict the related pathways on the basis of public data.Aberrant methylation can influence the functions of key genes by altering their expression. Here, we found out DEGs by overlapping public microarray data (GSE29801 and GSE102952). Functional and enrichment analyses of selected genes were performed using the DAVID database. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by using STRING and visualized in cytoscape to determine hub genes. Finally, we collected AMD patients' blood samples to identify the methylation statuses of these hub genes by using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation.In total, 156 hypermethylation-low expression genes and 127 hypomethylation-high expression genes were predicted. The hypermethylation-low expression genes were enriched in biological processes of response to cardiac conduction, ATP binding, and cell-cell junction assembly. The top 5 hub genes of the PPI network were HSP90AA1, HSPA1L, HSPE1, HSP90B1, and NOP56. Meanwhile, the hypomethylation-high expression genes were enriched in the biological processes of response to positive regulation of the MAPK cascade, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, dentate gyrus development, and cell migration. The top 5 hub genes of this PPI network were PIK3R1, EZR, IGF2, SLC2A1, and CDKN1C. Moreover, the methylation statuses of NOP56, EZR, IGF2, SLC2A1, CDKN1C were confirmed to be altered in the blood of AMD patients.This study indicated possible aberrantly methylated DEGs and differentially expressed pathways in AMD by bioinformatics analysis, providing novel insights for unraveling the pathogenesis of AMD. Hub genes, including NOP56, EZR, IGF2, SLC2A1, CDKN1C, might serve as aberrant methylation-based candidate biomarkers for AMD in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Xu
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Zhaohui Ruan
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xuetao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuang University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyun Zhou
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xian Zhang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
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Fries GR, Walss-Bass C, Bauer ME, Teixeira AL. Revisiting inflammation in bipolar disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 177:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Braun PR, Han S, Hing B, Nagahama Y, Gaul LN, Heinzman JT, Grossbach AJ, Close L, Dlouhy BJ, Howard MA, Kawasaki H, Potash JB, Shinozaki G. Genome-wide DNA methylation comparison between live human brain and peripheral tissues within individuals. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:47. [PMID: 30705257 PMCID: PMC6355837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential DNA methylation in the brain is associated with many psychiatric diseases, but access to brain tissues is essentially limited to postmortem samples. The use of surrogate tissues has become common in identifying methylation changes associated with psychiatric disease. In this study, we determined the extent to which peripheral tissues can be used as surrogates for DNA methylation in the brain. Blood, saliva, buccal, and live brain tissue samples from 27 patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergoing brain resection were collected (age range 5-61 years). Genome-wide methylation was assessed with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 (n = 12) and HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays (n = 21). For the EPIC methylation data averaged for each CpG across subjects, the saliva-brain correlation (r = 0.90) was higher than that for blood-brain (r = 0.86) and buccal-brain (r = 0.85) comparisons. However, within individual CpGs, blood had the highest proportion of CpGs correlated to brain at nominally significant levels (20.8%), as compared to buccal tissue (17.4%) and saliva (15.1%). For each CpG and each gene, levels of brain-peripheral tissue correlation varied widely. This indicates that to determine the most useful surrogate tissue for representing brain DNA methylation, the patterns specific to the genomic region of interest must be considered. To assist in that objective, we have developed a website, IMAGE-CpG, that allows researchers to interrogate DNA methylation levels and degree of cross-tissue correlation in user-defined locations across the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Braun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Yasunori Nagahama
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Lindsey N Gaul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Jonathan T Heinzman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Andrew J Grossbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43203, USA
| | - Liesl Close
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Neuroscience, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Teixeira AL, Colpo GD, Fries GR, Bauer IE, Selvaraj S. Biomarkers for bipolar disorder: current status and challenges ahead. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 19:67-81. [PMID: 30451546 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1550361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. There is a high expectation that personalized approaches can improve the management of patients with BD. For that, identification and validation of potential biomarkers are fundamental. Areas covered: This manuscript will critically review the current status of different biomarkers for BD, including peripheral, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological candidates, discussing the challenges to move the field forward. Expert commentary: There are no lab or complementary tests currently recommended for the diagnosis or management of patients with BD. Panels composed by multiple biomarkers will probably contribute to stratifying patients according to their clinical stage, therapeutic response, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L Teixeira
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA.,b Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Gabriela D Colpo
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- a Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, UT Health , Houston , TX , USA
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DNA Methylation as a Biomarker of Treatment Response Variability in Serious Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review Focused on Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103026. [PMID: 30287754 PMCID: PMC6213157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, genetic studies of treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression have returned results with limited clinical utility. A gene × environment interplay has been proposed as a factor influencing not only pathophysiology but also the treatment response. Therefore, epigenetics has emerged as a major field of research to study the treatment of these three disorders. Among the epigenetic marks that can modify gene expression, DNA methylation is the best studied. We performed a systematic search (PubMed) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines for preclinical and clinical studies focused on genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder. Out of the 112 studies initially identified, we selected 31 studies among them, with an emphasis on responses to the gold standard treatments in each disorder. Modulations of DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites have been documented for all classes of treatments (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants). The heterogeneity of the models and methodologies used complicate the interpretation of results. Although few studies in each disorder have assessed the potential of DNA methylation as biomarkers of treatment response, data support this hypothesis for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants.
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Liu J, Chen J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Calhoun VD. A Perspective of the Cross-Tissue Interplay of Genetics, Epigenetics, and Transcriptomics, and Their Relation to Brain Based Phenotypes in Schizophrenia. Front Genet 2018; 9:343. [PMID: 30190726 PMCID: PMC6115489 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies of psychiatric disorders have provided unprecedented insight into disease risk profiles with high confidence. Yet, the next research challenge is how to translate this rich information into mechanisms of disease, and further help interventions and treatments. Given other comprehensive reviews elsewhere, here we want to discuss the research approaches that integrate information across various tissue types. Taking schizophrenia as an example, the tissues, cells, or organisms being investigated include postmortem brain tissues or neurons, peripheral blood and saliva, in vivo brain imaging, and in vitro cell lines, particularly human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and iPSC derived neurons. There is a wealth of information on the molecular signatures including genetics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics of various tissues, along with neuronal phenotypic measurements including neuronal morphometry and function, together with brain imaging and other techniques that provide data from various spatial temporal points of disease development. Through consistent or complementary processes across tissues, such as cross-tissue methylation quantitative trait loci (QTL) and expression QTL effects, systemic integration of such information holds the promise to put the pieces of puzzle together for a more complete view of schizophrenia disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Liu C, Jiao C, Wang K, Yuan N. DNA Methylation and Psychiatric Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:175-232. [PMID: 29933950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been an important area of research in the study of molecular mechanism to psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that abnormalities in global methylation, methylation of genes, and pathways could play a role in the etiology of many forms of mental illness. In this article, we review the mechanisms of DNA methylation, including the genetic and environmental factors affecting methylation changes. We report and discuss major findings regarding DNA methylation in psychiatric patients, both within the context of global methylation studies and gene-specific methylation studies. Finally, we discuss issues surrounding data quality improvement, the limitations of current methylation analysis methods, and the possibility of using DNA methylation-based treatment for psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States; School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chuan Jiao
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kangli Wang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
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Roles of NUCKS1 in Diseases: Susceptibility, Potential Biomarker, and Regulatory Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7969068. [PMID: 29619377 PMCID: PMC5830027 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7969068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) is a 27 kD chromosomal, highly conserved, and vertebrate-specific protein. NUCKS1 gene encodes a nuclear protein and the conserved regions of NUCKS1 contain several consensus phosphorylation sites for casein kinase II (CK2) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and a basic DNA-binding domain. NUCKS1 is similar to the high mobility group (HMG) family which dominates chromatin remodeling and regulates gene transcription. Meanwhile, NUCKS1 is a RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) paralog that is significant for homologous recombination (HR) and genome stability and also a transcriptional regulator of the insulin signaling components. NUCKS1 plays an important role in DNA damage response and metabolism, participates in inflammatory immune response, and correlates with microRNA. Although there is still not enough functional information on NUCKS1, evidences suggest that NUCKS1 can be used as the biomarker of several cancers. This review summarizes the latest research on NUCKS1 about its susceptibility in diseases, expression levels, and regulatory mechanisms as well as the possible functions in reference to diseases.
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