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Abstract
Bio-desulfurization is an efficient technology for removing recalcitrant sulfur derivatives from liquid fuel oil in environmentally friendly experimental conditions. In this context, the development of heterogeneous bio-nanocatalysts is of great relevance to improve the performance of the process. Here we report that lignin nanoparticles functionalized with concanavalin A are a renewable and efficient platform for the layer-by-layer immobilization of horseradish peroxidase. The novel bio-nanocatalysts were applied for the oxidation of dibenzothiophene as a well-recognized model of the recalcitrant sulfur derivative. The reactions were performed with hydrogen peroxide as a green primary oxidant in the biphasic system PBS/n-hexane at 45 °C and room pressure, the highest conversion of the substrate occurring in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte layer and hydroxy-benzotriazole as a low molecular weight redox mediator. The catalytic activity was retained for more transformations highlighting the beneficial effect of the support in the reusability of the heterogeneous system.
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Thenmozhi K, Narayanan SS. Horseradish peroxidase and toluidine blue covalently immobilized leak-free sol-gel composite biosensor for hydrogen peroxide. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Qi L, Duan LM, Sun XH, Zhang J, Zhang ZQ. Simultaneous determination of three banned psychiatric drugs in pig feed and tissue using solid-phase reactor on-line oxidizing and HPLC-fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1535-40. [PMID: 25810380 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The banned addition of psychiatric drugs such as phenothiazines to animal feed and foodstuffs increases the risk of human organ lesion. Phenothiazines usually exhibit weak native fluorescence and can be oxidized to strongly fluorescent compounds. In this study, a novel, sensitive and convenient method of HPLC-fluorescence detection based on post-column on-line oxidizing with lead dioxide solid-phase reactor has been developed for simultaneous determination of three banned psychotropic drugs, promethazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. Three compounds were successfully separated on an Agilent TC-C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and water (B), both containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. A gradient elution was programmed and fluorimetric detection was performed at λex /λem of 332/373 nm for promethazine, 340/380 nm for chlorpromazine and 352/432 nm for thioridazine. The calibration graphs gave good linearity over the concentration ranges of 30.0-4976.4 µg/L for promethazine, 2.0-2153.2 µg/L for chlorpromazine, and 15.0-3088.0 µg/L for thioridazine, and correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.995. The method was applied to the determination of phenothiazines in pig feed and pig tissue, and the average spiked recoveries were in the range 69.1-115.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Li-Min Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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Özel RE, Liu X, Alkasir RS, Andreescu S. Electrochemical methods for nanotoxicity assessment. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Weng B, Morrin A, Shepherd R, Crowley K, Killard AJ, Innis PC, Wallace GG. Wholly printed polypyrrole nanoparticle-based biosensors on flexible substrate. J Mater Chem B 2013; 2:793-799. [PMID: 32261311 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Printing has been widely used in the sensor industry for its speed, low cost and production scalability. In this work we present a wholly-printed polypyrrole (PPy) based biosensor produced by inkjet printing bioinks composed of dispersions of PPy nanoparticles and enzymes onto screen-printed carbon electrodes. Two enzymes, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or glucose oxidase (GoD) were incorporated into the PPy nanoparticle dispersions to impart biosensing functionality and selectivity into the conducting polymer ink. Further functionality was also introduced by deposition of a permselective ethyl cellulose (EC) membrane using inkjet printing. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chrono-amperometry were used to characterize the response of the PPy biosensors to H2O2 and glucose. Results demonstrated the possibility of PPy based biosensor fabrication using the rapid and low cost technique of inkjet printing. The detection range of H2O2 was found to be 10 μM-10 mM and for glucose was 1-5 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Weng
- Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials & Clean Energies of Techonologies, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei, Chongqing, China 400715
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Layer by layer assembly of catalase and amine-terminated ionic liquid onto titanium nitride nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode: Study of direct voltammetry and bioelectrocatalytic activity. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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References. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b11478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Shamsipur M, Asgari M, Maragheh MG, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. A novel impedimetric nanobiosensor for low level determination of hydrogen peroxide based on biocatalysis of catalase. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 83:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Švancara I, Vytřas K, Kalcher K, Walcarius A, Wang J. Carbon Paste Electrodes in Facts, Numbers, and Notes: A Review on the Occasion of the 50-Years Jubilee of Carbon Paste in Electrochemistry and Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Xiang L, Zhang Z, Yu P, Zhang J, Su L, Ohsaka T, Mao L. In Situ Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization and Quaternization Reactions To Confine Ferricyanide onto Carbon Nanotubes: A General Approach to Development of Integrative Nanostructured Electrochemical Biosensors. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6587-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800733t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsaka
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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delle Noci S, Frasconi M, Favero G, Tosi M, Ferri T, Mazzei F. Electrochemical Kinetic Characterization of Redox Mediated Glucose Oxidase Reactions: A Simplified Approach. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Blankert B, Dominguez O, El Ayyas W, Arcos J, Kauffmann J. Horseradish Peroxidase Electrode for the Analysis of Clozapine. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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ZHANG Z, MA J, LEI Y, LU Y. Flow-injection on-line oxidizing fluorimetry and solid phase extraction for determination of thioridazine hydrochloride in human plasma. Talanta 2007; 71:2056-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Gao F, Yuan R, Chai Y, Tang M, Cao S, Chen S. Amperometric third-generation hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilization of Hb on gold nanoparticles/cysteine/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid)-modified platinum disk electrode. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gonzalo-Ruiz J, Asunción Alonso-Lomillo M, Javier Muñoz F. Screen-printed biosensors for glucose determination in grape juice. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1517-21. [PMID: 16930981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approach to the glucose determination by amperometric biosensing in wine industry applications is presented. Integrated screen-printed biosensors based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) have been developed. The experimental design methodology has been used to find the optimum conditions of the experimental variables, in such a way that a chronoamperometric response specific for glucose was recorded. Under these conditions, repeatability and reproducibility of the modified electrodes have been analyzed. The detection limit for glucose has been calculated taking into account the probability of false positive (alpha) and negative (beta), reaching a medium value of 4.37+/-0.21 micromol dm-3 (alpha=beta=0.05, and a replicate n=4). The biosensor was applied to the determination of glucose in white wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gonzalo-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
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Abstract
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze single- or multi-electron reduction/oxidation reactions of small molecule inorganic or organic substrates, and they are integral to a wide variety of biological processes including respiration, energy production, biosynthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. All redox enzymes require a natural redox partner such as an electron-transfer protein (e.g. cytochrome, ferredoxin, flavoprotein) or a small molecule cosubstrate (e.g. NAD(P)H, dioxygen) to sustain catalysis, in effect to balance the substrate/product redox half-reaction. In principle, the natural electron-transfer partner may be replaced by an electrochemical working electrode. One of the great strengths of this approach is that the rate of catalysis (equivalent to the observed electrochemical current) may be probed as a function of applied potential through linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry, and insight to the overall catalytic mechanism may be gained by a systematic electrochemical study coupled with theoretical analysis. In this review, the various approaches to enzyme electrochemistry will be discussed, including direct and indirect (mediated) experiments, and a brief coverage of the theory relevant to these techniques will be presented. The importance of immobilizing enzymes on the electrode surface will be presented and the variety of ways that this may be done will be reviewed. The importance of chemical modification of the electrode surface in ensuring an environment conducive to a stable and active enzyme capable of functioning natively will be illustrated. Fundamental research into electrochemically driven enzyme catalysis has led to some remarkable practical applications. The glucose oxidase enzyme electrode is a spectacularly successful application of enzyme electrochemistry. Biosensors based on this technology are used worldwide by sufferers of diabetes to provide rapid and accurate analysis of blood glucose concentrations. Other applications of enzyme electrochemistry are in the sensing of macromolecular complexation events such as antigen–antibody binding and DNA hybridization. The review will include a selection of enzymes that have been successfully investigated by electrochemistry and, where appropriate, discuss their development towards practical biotechnological applications.
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Xu Q, Cai WY, Zhu JJ. Self-assembly of Horseradish Peroxidase on Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles–Vaterite Core–Shell Composite and its Direct Electrochemistry. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Yang M, Yang Y, Yang Y, Shen G, Yu R. Bienzymatic amperometric biosensor for choline based on mediator thionine in situ electropolymerized within a carbon paste electrode. Anal Biochem 2004; 334:127-34. [PMID: 15464961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric enzyme biosensor for the determination of choline utilizing two enzymes, choline oxidase (CHOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), is described. The biosensor consisted of CHOD cross-linked onto a HRP-immobilized carbon paste electrode. The biosensor was prepared by in situ electropolymerization of poly(thionine) within a carbon paste containing the enzyme HRP and thionine monomer and then CHOD was immobilized by using chitosan film through cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The in situ electrogenerated poly(thionine) displays excellent electron transform efficiency between the enzyme HRP and the electrode surface, and the polymer enables improvement in enzyme immobilization within the paste. Several parameters such as the amount of thionine and enzyme, the applied potential, the pH, etc. have been studied. Amperometric detection of choline was realized at an applied potential of -0.2V vs saturated calomel electrode in 1/15M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) with a linear response range between 5.0 x 10(-6) and 6.0 x 10(-4)M choline and a response time of 15s. When applied to the analysis of phosphatidylcholine in serum samples, a 0.997 correlation was obtained between the biosensor results and those obtained by a hospital method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Yu X, Sotzing GA, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Rusling JF. Wiring of enzymes to electrodes by ultrathin conductive polyion underlayers: enhanced catalytic response to hydrogen peroxide. Anal Chem 2004; 75:4565-71. [PMID: 14632065 DOI: 10.1021/ac034188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stable electroactive films were grown layer by layer on rough pyrolytic graphite electrodes featuring 4-nm underlayers of sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) covered with a film containing myoglobin or horseradish peroxidase grown in alternating layers with poly(styrenesulfonate). The self-doped polyanionic SPAN layer, grown on a 2-nm polycation layer, was conductive between about 0.1 and -0.4 V vs SCE at pH 4.5. The enzyme films had the architecture PDDA/SPAN/(enzyme/PSS)3, where PDDA is poly(diallyldimethylammonium) ion. Comparisons of voltammetric measurements of electroactive protein with quartz crystal microbalance measurements of total protein showed that 90% or more of the protein was coupled to the electrode when the SPAN underlayer was present, as opposed to approximately 40% protein electroactivity when SPAN was absent. As a consequence of the highly efficient coupling between enzymes and electrode, the PDDA/SPAN/(enzyme/PSS)3 films exhibited a higher sensitivity for the electrochemical catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Amperometry at a rotating disk electrode at 0 V gave sensitivity for hydrogen peroxide up to 14 microA microM(-1) cm(-2) in the submicromolar concentration range and a detection limit of approximately 3 nM. Results suggest the future utility of ultrathin layers of conductive self-doping polyions in improving sensitivity of enzyme biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Box U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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A Novel Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor via the Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Colloidal Gold Modified Screen-printed Electrode. SENSORS 2003. [DOI: 10.3390/s30900350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alonso Lomillo MA, Kauffmann JM, Arcos Martinez MJ. HRP-based biosensor for monitoring rifampicin. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:1165-71. [PMID: 12788559 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole was electropolymerized onto a Pt electrode in the presence of LiClO(4) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This HRP-based biosensor has been used for the amperometric detection of rifampicin (RIF) in the presence of a constant concentration of H(2)O(2). The C(H(2)O(2)) as well as the applied potential (E(ap)) and the pH of the phosphate buffer have simultaneously been optimized through a central composite design. Under these conditions, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of the modified electrode have been analyzed. The detection limit for RIF has been calculated taking into account the probability of false-positive (alpha) and -negative (beta), reaching a value of 5.06x10(-6) mol dm(-3). The biosensor was applied to the determination of RIF in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Alonso Lomillo
- Dpto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Area de Química Analítica, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
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Huang T, Garceau ME, Gao P. Liquid chromatographic determination of residual hydrogen peroxide in pharmaceutical excipients using platinum and wired enzyme electrodes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:1203-10. [PMID: 12667936 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a chemically reactive reagent that can oxidize and degrade many pharmaceutical compounds under normal conditions. Unfortunately, H(2)O(2) is often introduced into pharmaceutical excipients during manufacturing and it may significantly affect the chemical stability of drugs in formulations. Thus, a sensitive analytical method for determination of residual H(2)O(2) in excipients is of importance in formulation development and product quality control. A liquid chromatographic system with a dual channel electrochemical detector (LCEC) was equipped with either a platinum electrode or a wired peroxidase electrode for determination of H(2)O(2). The excipient (0.1 g) was dissolved in 10 ml of mobile phase and 5 microl of the dissolved solution was directly injected. The chromatographic run time for each sample was 1 min with a detection limit of 10 ng/ml (S/N=5) using the platinum electrode and 1 ng/ml (S/N=5) using the wired enzyme coated electrode, respectively. The peak purity was assured by comparing the peak ratios at different potentials for both the standard and the samples. The H(2)O(2) levels in different batches of PVP, PEG, and other surfactants from different manufacturers were determined and the values ranged from 0 to 244 ppm. The LCEC method is exceptionally fast, accurate and convenient for quantitation of low levels of residual H(2)O(2) in pharmaceutical formulation excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehua Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacia Corporation, 301 Henrietta Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA.
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Razola SS, Pochet S, Grosfils K, Kauffmann JM. Amperometric determination of choline released from rat submandibular gland acinar cells using a choline oxidase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:185-91. [PMID: 12485764 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A choline (CHO) biosensor based on the determination of H(2)O(2) generated at the electrode surface by the enzyme choline oxidase (CHOx) was developed. The biosensor consisted of CHOx retained onto a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE). The HRPsCPE contained the molecule phenothiazine as redox mediator and CHOx was physically retained on the electrode surface using a dialysis membrane. Several parameters have been studied such as, mediator amount, influence of applied potential, etc. The CHO measurements were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Amperometric detection of CHO was realized at an applied potential of 0.0 mV vs Ag/AgCl. The response is linear over the concentration range 5.0x10(-7)-7.0x10(-5) M, with a detection limit of 1.0x10(-7) M. This biosensor was used to detect choline released from phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) in isolated rat salivary gland cells stimulated by a purinergic agonist (ATP).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serradilla Razola
- Service de chimie analytique instrumentale et de bioélectrochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Campus Plaine, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Serradilla Razola S, Blankert B, Quarin G, Kauffmann JM. Phenothiazine Drugs as Redox Mediators in Horseradish Peroxidase Bioelectrocatalysis. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120023616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Electrochemical and catalytic investigation of carbon paste modified with Toluidine Blue O covalently immobilised on silica gel. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Razola SS, Ruiz BL, Diez NM, Mark HB, Kauffmann JM. Hydrogen peroxide sensitive amperometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase entrapped in a polypyrrole electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:921-8. [PMID: 12392940 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been entrapped in situ by electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a platinum electrode. The latter was previously coated by a polypyrrole layer for better adhesion of the biocatalyst film and in order to avoid the enzyme folding onto the Pt electrode. The biosensor allowed the determination of hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range comprised between 4.9 x 10(-7) and 6.3 x 10(-4) M. The biosensor retained more than 90% of its original activity after 35 days of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serradilla Razola
- Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Liu SQ, Ju HX. Renewable reagentless hydrogen peroxide sensor based on direct electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on colloidal gold-modified electrode. Anal Biochem 2002; 307:110-6. [PMID: 12137787 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel renewable reagentless hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) sensor based on the direct electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is proposed. The direct electrochemistry of HRP immobilized on a colloidal gold-modified carbon paste electrode (Au-CPE) was investigated using electrochemical methods. The immobilized HRP displayed a pair of redox peaks in 0.1M phosphate buffer (PB), pH 7.0, with a formal potential of -0.346 V. The response showed a surface-controlled electrode process with an electron transfer rate constant of 6.04+/-0.18s(-1) determined in the scan rate range from 120 to 500 mV/s. The biosensor displayed an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of H(2)O(2) without the aid of an electron mediator. The sensor surface could be renewed quickly and reproducibly by a simple polish step. The calibration range of H(2)O(2) was 0-0.3mM with linear relation from 0.48 to 50 microM and a detection limit of 0.21 microM at 3 sigma. The response showed Michaelis-Menten behavior at higher H(2)O(2) concentrations. The K(app)(M) value of HRP at HRP-Au-CPE was determined to be 3.69+/-0.71 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, People's Republic of China
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Dequaire M, Limoges B, Moiroux J, Savéant JM. Mediated electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase. Catalysis and inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:240-53. [PMID: 11782176 DOI: 10.1021/ja0170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A precise determination of the complex mechanism of catalysis and inhibition involved in the reaction of HRP with H(2)O(2) as substrate and an outersphere single electron donor ([Os(bpy)(2)pyCl](+)) as cosubstrate is made possible by a systematic analysis of the cyclic voltammetric responses as a function of the scan rate and of the substrate and cosubstrate concentrations, complemented by spectrophotometric steady-state and stopped-flow experiments. The bell-shaped calibration curve relating the electrochemical response to the concentration of H(2)O(2) is qualitatively and quantitatively explained by taking into account the conversion of the catalytically active forms of the enzyme into the inactive oxyperoxidase in addition to the primary catalytic cycle. These characteristics should be kept in mind in biosensor applications of HRP. The ensuing analysis and data allow one to predict biosensor amperometric responses in all practical cases. From a mechanistic standpoint, conditions may, however, be defined which render inhibition insignificant, thus allowing an electrochemical characterization of the primary catalytic cycle. At very low concentrations of H(2)O(2), its diffusion tends to control the electrochemical response, resulting in proportionality with H(2)O(2) concentration instead of the square root dependence characteristic of the classical catalytic currents. Intriguing hysteresis and trace crossings behaviors are also quantitatively explained in the framework of the same mechanism. As a consequence of the precise dissection of the rather complex reaction mechanism into its various elementary steps, a strategy may be devised for gaining a better understanding of the mechanism and reactivity patterns of each elementary step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Dequaire
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire de l'Université Denis Diderot (Paris 7), UMR CNRS 7591, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Radford P, Creager S. Dual-stream flow injection method for amplified electrochemical detection of ferrocene derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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