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Almalki AH, Hussein EA, Naguib IA, Abdelaleem EA, Zaazaa HE, Abdallah FF. Development and Validation of Ecofriendly HPLC-MS Method for Quantitative Assay of Amoxicillin, Dicloxacillin, and Their Official Impurity in Pure and Dosage Forms. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:5570938. [PMID: 34221533 PMCID: PMC8225453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel, accurate, selective, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin trihydrate, dicloxacillin sodium, and their official impurity 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The chromatographic separation was carried out by applying the mixture on a C18 column (3.5 µm ps, 100 mm × 4.6 mm id) using acetonitrile:water (65 : 35 by volume) as a mobile phase within only 4 min. The quantitative analysis was executed using single quadrupole mass spectrometer in which electrospray ionization, selected ion monitoring, and negative mode were operated. The retention times were 1.61, 2.54, and 3.50 mins for amoxicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and dicloxacillin, respectively. The method was validated in linear ranges of 2-28 µg mL-1, 2-35 µg mL-1, and 1-10 µg mL-1 for amoxicillin, dicloxacillin, and 6-aminopenicillanic acid, respectively. The results obtained from the suggested HPLC/MS were statistically compared with those obtained from the reported HPLC method, where no significant difference appeared respecting accuracy and precision. According to the analytical eco-scale assessment method, the proposed method was proved to be greener than the reported one, where the analysis time and the amount of the wasted effluent decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essraa A. Hussein
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eglal A. Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hala E. Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fatma F. Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Khan AAP, Mohd A, Bano S, Siddiqi K, Asiri AM. Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ampicillin by potassium permanganate and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in pharmaceutical preparations. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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3
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Al-Sabha TN, Al-Karemy NM. The use of 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane for the spectrophotometric determination of some primary amines application to real water samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:803767. [PMID: 24223322 PMCID: PMC3816056 DOI: 10.1155/2013/803767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, simple, and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed for the quantitative determination of some primary aliphatic and aromatic amines, that is, ethylamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, aniline, p-aminophenol, and benzidine. The method is based on the interaction of these amines in aqueous medium with 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) reagent in the presence of a buffer solution and surfactant (in the case of aromatic amines) to form charge-transfer complexes measurable at maximum wavelengths ranging between 323 and 511 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 0.025 and 3.0 μ g/mL and the molar absorptivity is ranged between 8.977 × 10(3) and 5.8034 × 10(4) L · mol(-1) · cm(-1) for these amines. The method was applied for the determination of benzidine in the river, sea, and tap waters. The TCNQ complexes with the previously mentioned amines were formed in the ratio of 1 : 1 amine : TCNQ, and their stability constants ranged between 8.78 × 10(4) and 1.844 × 10(5) L · mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theia'a N. Al-Sabha
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Mosul University, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Najwa M. Al-Karemy
- Chemistry Department, College of Education, Mosul University, Mosul 00964, Iraq
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Sekaran CB, Rani AP. Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for the determination of DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in its pharmaceutical preparations. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702010000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Joshi S, Sharma A, Rawat M, Dhiman C. Development of conditions for rapid thin-layer chromatography of β-lactam antibiotics. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Němcová I, Rychlovský P, Havelcová M. Flow-Injection Analysis Based on Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Penicillins with Thiazine Dyes. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902726088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Karam H, Kousy NE, Towakkol M. Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Some Antihistaminics Using Acid Dyes and Charge Transfer Techniques. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719908542600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Mohamed GG, Nour El-Dien FA, Khalil SM, Mohamed NA. Spectrophotometric determination of trazodone, amineptine and amitriptyline hydrochlorides through ion-pair formation with molybdenum and thiocyanate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 65:1221-6. [PMID: 16829178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extraction spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of tricyclic drugs such as trazodone (TZH), amineptine (APH) and amitriptyline (ATPH) hydrochlorides in pure form and in the dosage forms coming from different Egyptian markets. The method based on the formation of ion-pairs between these drugs under investigation and inorganic complex of Mo(V)-thiocyanate followed by its extraction with methylene chloride. The optimum conditions for the ion-pairs formation are established. The method permits the determination of TZH, APH and ATPH over the concentration range of 2-28, 2-32 and 1-30 microg ml(-1), respectively. The Sandell sensitivity (S) is found to be 0.105, 0.138 and 0.118 g cm(-2) for TZH, APH and ATPH, respectively. The SD is found to be 0.16-0.377, 0.12-0.259 and 0.091-0.286 and the R.S.D. are 0.14-0.55, 0.12-0.399 and 0.095-0.485 for TZH, APH and ATPH, respectively. The method is applicable for the assay of the investigated drugs in different dosage forms and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad G Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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9
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Al‐Majed A, Belal F, Khalil NY, Ibrahim KEE. Stability‐Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Methicillin in Vials and Biological Fluids with Fluorometric Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Al‐Majed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Belal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Y. Khalil
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. E. E. Ibrahim
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Khartoum , Khartoum, Sudan
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Kelani K, Bebawy LI, Abdel-Fattah L, Ahmad AKS. Spectrophotometric Determination of Some n-Donating Drugs Using DDQ. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Kelani
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Egypt
| | - Lories I. Bebawy
- b National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo University , Egypt
| | - Laila Abdel-Fattah
- c Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Egypt
| | - Abdel-Kader S. Ahmad
- c Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Egypt
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11
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Darwish I, Abdel-Wadood H, Abdel-Latif N. Validated spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods for analysis of clozapine in tablets and urine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 95:345-56. [PMID: 16477942 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200590039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Five spectrophotometric methods and one fluorimetric method have been developed and validated for the analysis of clozapine. The spectrophotometric methods were based on the charge-transfer complexation reaction between clozapine as electron donor and each of iodine as sigma-acceptor or 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinondimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzo-quinone (DDQ), tetracyanoethane (TCNE), and p-chloranilic acid (pCA) as pi-acceptors. The obtained complexes were measured spectrophotometrically at 365, 843, 460, 414, and 520 nm for iodine, TCNQ, DDQ, TCNE, and pCA, respectively. The fluorimetric method was based on the oxidation of clozapine in the presence of perchloric acid by cerium (IV), and subsequent measuring the fluorescence of the produced cerium (III) fluorimetrically at lambda(excitation) 260 and lambda(emission) 355 nm. Under the optimum assay conditions, Beer's law was obeyed at concentrations ranged from 4-200 microg mL(-1) for the spectrophotometric methods and from 24-250 ng mL(-1) for the fluorimetric method. The limits of detection for the spectrophotometric methods were 1.12, 1.76, 2.22, 0.95, and 13.26 microg mL(-1) for iodine, TCNQ, DDQ, TCNE, and pCA, respectively. The limit of detection for the fluorimetric method was 6.69 ng mL(-1). The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of clozapine in tablets with good recoveries. The fluorimetric method could also be applied to the analysis of clozapine in spiked urine samples. The molar ratios and the reaction mechanisms were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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12
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Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin by reaction with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials through Charge-transfer and Ion-pair Complexation Reactions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saleh GA, Askal HF, Darwish IA, El-Shorbagi ANA. Spectroscopic analytical study for the charge-transfer complexation of certain cephalosporins with chloranilic acid. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:281-7. [PMID: 12608760 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to develop a simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric method for the analysis of fifteen cephalosporins. The method depends on the charge-transfer complexation reaction between any of these drugs as an n-electron donor and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) as a pi-acceptor to form a violet chromogen measured at 520 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9986-0.9996) were found between the absorbances and the concentrations of the studied drugs in the range of 4-1,200 microg ml(-1). The limits of assay detection ranged from 2.54 to 42.83 microg ml(-1). The accuracy and precision of the method were satisfactory. The method was successfully applied to an analysis of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations; the recovery percentages ranged from 96.76 +/- 0.87% to 100.50 +/- 1.30%. The interaction sites were confirmed by UV/VIS, IR, 1H-NMR techniques. Molecular modeling for the interaction was used for deriving an equation for calculating the epsilon value for a particular drug. This equation gave a perfect prediction for the degree of interaction of the investigated drugs with the p-CA reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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15
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Oztunc A, Onal A, Erturk S. 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane as a new derivatization reagent for high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography: rapid screening of plasma for some antidepressants. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 774:149-55. [PMID: 12076684 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a new derivatization reagent for HPLC and TLC, novel methods are described to detect secondary amine-bearing antidepressants (paroxetine, desipramine, fluoxetine, nortriptyline, maprotiline). The HPLC method is sensitive enough to detect these drugs in plasma at therapeutic levels whereas the latter has potential to detect them in overdose or forensic cases. The methods are based on purple chromogens formed by the displacement reaction of the drugs with TCNQ. The resulting chromogens are directly separated by either reversed-phase HPLC on a C(18) column or TLC on silicagel plates. For HPLC, acetonitrile-water (60:40) was used as mobile phase, with detection at 567 nm and separation in 40 min. For TLC, three developing solvent systems were used. By HPLC, 36 ng ml(-1) spiked plasma concentration of the drugs gave easily detectable signals whereas by TLC, detection limits varied mostly between 240 and 480 ng ml(-1). The HPLC method was applied to real plasma samples. The methods described are simple and very selective; some metabolites of these antidepressants and a vast number of drugs do not interfere with detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Oztunc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ist. University, Beyazit, 34452- Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Salem H, Saleh GA. Selective spectrophotometric determination of phenolic beta-lactam antibiotics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1205-13. [PMID: 12049985 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two simple and selective spectrophotometric methods were developed for the quantitative determination of cefoperazone sodium, cefadroxil monohydrate, cefprozil anhydrous and amoxicillin trihydrate in pure forms as well as in their pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the selective oxidation of these drugs with either Ce (IV) or Fe (III) in acid medium to give an intense yellow coloured product (lambda(max)=397 nm). The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. Beer's plots were obeyed in a general concentration range of 5-30 microg ml(-1) with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9979 for the four drugs with the two reagents. The methods are successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing amoxicillin, either alone or in combination with potassium clavulanate, flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin. They were also applied to the analysis of the other three studied drugs in vials, capsules, tablets and suspensions with good recovery; percent ranged from 99.7 (+/-0.46) to 100.32 (+/-1.05) in the Ce (IV) method and 99.6 (+/-0.50) to 100.3 (+/-1.32) in the Fe (III) method. Interferences from other antibiotics and additives products were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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17
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Mohamed GG. Spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin, dicluxacillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin antibiotic drugs: ion-pair formation with molybdenum and thiocyanate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 24:561-7. [PMID: 11272312 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of some antibiotic drugs such as ampicillin (amp), dicluxacillin (dicl), flucloxacillin (fluc) and amoxicillin (amox). The method involves the formation of ion-pairs between these drugs under investigation and inorganic complex of Mo (V) thiocyanate followed by its extraction with methylene chloride. The optimum conditions for the ion-pairs formation are established. The method permits the determination of amp, dicl, fluc and amox over a concentration range of 1.5-77.5, 3-75, 1.5-79 and 7.5-75 microg ml(-1) respectively. The sensitivity (S) is found to be 0.017, 0.061, 0.014 and 0.073 microg cm(-2) for amp, dicl, fluc and amox, respectively. The method is simple, rapid, reproducible and accurate within +/- 1%. The method is applicable for the assay of the four drugs under investigation in different dosage forms and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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18
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El-Ries MA, Abou Attia FM, Ibrahim SA. AAS and spectrophotometric determination of propranolol HCl and metoprolol tartrate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 24:179-87. [PMID: 11130197 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride (I) and metoprolol tartrate (II). The methods are based on the reaction of each drug as a secondary amine: (a) with carbon disulphide, the formed complex extracted into iso-butyl methyl ketone (IBMK) after chelation with Cu(II) ions at pH 7.5, followed by measuring the absorbance at 435.4 nm or indirectly for the drug by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The calibration graph is linear up to 40 and 60 microg ml(-1) with apparent molar absorptivities of 6.89 x 10(3) and 1.08 x 104 l mol(-1) cm(-1) and correlation coefficients of 0.9994 and 0.9995 for propranolol and metoprolol, respectively; (b) with pi-acceptors, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), or chloranilic acid (CLA) to give highly coloured complex species. The coloured products are quantitated spectrophotometrically at 415 or 510 nm for the two drugs with TCNE and CLA, respectively, and obey Beer's Law with RSD less than 2.0. The methods were applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparation without interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A El-Ries
- National Organization for Drug Control arnd Research, Cairo, Egypt.
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Belal F, El-Kerdawy MM, El-Ashry SM, El-Wasseef DR. Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in dosage forms. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2000; 55:680-6. [PMID: 11204942 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(00)00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of ampicillin (I) and amoxicillin (II). The method involves hydrolysis of the antibiotics with 1.0 M HCl, neutralization with 1.0 M NaOH followed by addition of palladium(II) chloride in the presence of 2 M KCl. The produced yellow colour is measured at 335 nm. The proposed method is valid over the concentration range 8-40 microg/ml and 10-40 microg/ml for I and II respectively with minimum detectability of 0.73 microg/ml and 0.76 microg/ml for I and II respectively. The determination of the studied compounds adopting the fixed concentration method is feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable. The proposed method was applied to commercial dosage forms and the results obtained were in good agreement with those given by USP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Belal
- Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Egvpt.
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Feng-lin Z, Bian-zhen X, Zhi-quan Z, Shen-yang T. Study on the charge-transfer reaction between 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 21:355-60. [PMID: 10703991 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The charge-transfer (CT) reaction between 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a pi-electron acceptor and cinnarizine, analgin, norfloxacin as electron donors have been studied by spectrophotometric method. The charge transfer complexes between TCNQ and these drugs have stable blue color, therefore a simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive method for determination of these drugs has been developed. The optimization of the experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the ranges 2-18, 2-18 and 4-32 microg/ml for cinnarizine, analgin and norfloxacin, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity of CT complexes at 743 nm is 1.58x10(4), 1.71x10(4) and 8.91x10(3) l/mol per cm, respectively. The composition of all these CT complexes are found to be 1:1 by different methods. The relative SDs are less than 3% (n = 10). The proposed method has been applied to the determination of these drugs in their each pharmaceutical dosage forms with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Feng-lin
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Öztunç A, Dokumacı N, Tahtasakal E. The use of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane for the determination of nortriptyline and desipramine in tablets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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El Walily AF, Gazy AA, Belal SF, Khamis EF. Selective spectrofluorimetric determination of phenolic beta-lactam antibiotics through the formation of their coumarin derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 20:643-53. [PMID: 10704133 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric procedure was developed for the determination of amoxycillin, cefadroxil and cefoperazone. The method is based on the reaction between these drugs and ethyl acetoacetate, in acidic medium, to give yellow fluorescent products with excitation wavelengths ranging from 401 to 467 nm and emission wavelengths ranging from 465 to 503 nm. The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. The reaction obeyed Beer's law over the range of 10.0-20.0, 1.5-1.0 and 50.0-100.0 microg ml(-1) for amoxycillin, cefadroxil and cefoperazone, respectively. Interference's from other antibiotics, drugs and dosage forms additives, in capsules and vials dosage forms, were investigated. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations (capsules and vials) containing the above antibiotics, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics or drugs. The validity of the method was tested by the recovery studies of standard addition which were found to be satisfactory. The results of the proposed method demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise and reproducible as the official methods (USP XXIII) and those published for the non-official binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F El Walily
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Medina AR, Fernández de Córdova M, Molina Diaz A. Flow-Through Solid Phase U.V. Spectrophotometric Determination of Amoxycillin. ANAL LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719908542852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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REVANASIDDAPPA HD, MANJU B, RAMAPPA PG. Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Ritodrine Hydrochloride and Amoxicillin. ANAL SCI 1999. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.15.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. MANJU
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore
| | - P. G. RAMAPPA
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore
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Ayad MM, Shalaby AA, Abdellatef HE, Elsaid HM. Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of certain cephalosporins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 18:975-83. [PMID: 9925332 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two sensitive spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric procedures are developed for the determination of certain cephalosporins (cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium). The spectrophotometric methods are based on the charge-transfer complex formation between these drugs as n-donors and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) as pi-acceptors to give highly coloured complex species. The coloured products are measured spectrophotometrically at 838 and 529 nm for TCNQ and p-CA, respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range of 7.6-15.2 and 7.1-20.0 microg x ml(-1) with TCNQ, 95.0-427.5 and 89.0-400.5 microg x ml-1 with p-CA for cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium, respectively. The atomic absorption spectrometric methods are based on the reaction of the above cited drugs after their alkali-hydrolysis with silver nitrate or lead acetate in neutral aqueous medium. The formed precipitates are quantitatively determined directly or indirectly through the silver or lead content of the precipitate formed or the residual unreacted metal in the filtrate by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The optimum conditions for hydrolysis and precipitation have been carefully studied. Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range of 1.9-11.4 and 1.78-8.90 microg x ml(-1) with Ag(I), 14.2-57.0 and 13.3-53.4 microg x ml-1 with Pb(II) for cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium, respectively (for both direct and indirect procedures). The spectrophotometric and the atomic absorption spectrometric procedures hold well their accuracy and precision when applied to the analysis of cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ayad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Abdellatef HE. Utility of certain pi-acceptors for the spectrophotometric determination of perindopril. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 17:1267-71. [PMID: 9800646 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of perindopril. The methods are based on the reaction of this drug as n-electron donor with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone(DDQ)-7,7,8,8- tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), chloranil (CL) and p-chloranilic acid (p-CA) as pi-acceptors to give highly coloured complex species. The coloured products are measured spectrophotometrically at 588, 843, 419, 550 and 520 nm for DDQ, TCNQ, TCNE, CL and p-CA, respectively, optimization of different experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 20-200 micrograms ml-1 and colours were produced in non-aqueous media and were stable for at least 1 h. Application of the suggested methods to perindopril tablets are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Abdellatef
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Amin AS, El-Sayed GO, Issa YM. Colorimetric Determination of Ampicillin and 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid Using Acenaphthenequinone as a Chromophoric Reagent. ANAL LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708007220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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El-Shafie FS, Gad-Kariem EA, Al-Rashood KA, Al-Khamees HA, El-Obeid HA. Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin. ANAL LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719608000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Amin AS, Issa YM. Spectrophotometric determination of 6-aminopenicillanic acid using bromophenol blue and bromothymol blue. Mikrochim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01244889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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García MS, Sánchez-Pedreño C, Albero MI, Ródenas V. Determination of ampicillin or amoxycillin in pharmaceutical samples by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1994; 12:1585-9. [PMID: 7696383 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(94)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M S García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Spain
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Shoukry AF, Issa YM, Rizk MS, Abdel-Aal MM. Amoxycillinium-Selective plastic membrane electrodes based on amoxycillinium-phosphotungstate ion associate. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140061018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Walash MI, Toubar S, Ahmed SM, Zakhari NA. Spectrophotometric Studies On Determination of Some Cephalosporins and Amoxycillin With Chlorobenzotriazole and Sodium Hypochlorite. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Sayed GOE, Amin AS, Issa YM. D-C Polarographic Determination of Ampicillin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Rizk MS, Issa YM, Shoukry AF, Abdel-Aal MM. New Ampicillin Selective Plastic Membrane and Coated Metal Electrodes Based on Ampicillinium Phosphotungstate Ion pair. ANAL LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719408000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Boison JO. Chromatographic methods of analysis for penicillins in food-animal tissues and their significance in regulatory programs for residue reduction and avoidance. J Chromatogr A 1992; 624:171-94. [PMID: 1494004 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85678-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic methods for penicillin analysis in animal tissues play a significant role in the regulation of the use of these drugs in livestock production. Regulatory agencies rely on data generated from these methods to establish withdrawal times and to determine whether presumptive positive tissue samples from slaughtered animals intended for human consumption contain violative levels of penicillins to necessitate regulatory action. The need to develop sensitive, accurate, and reliable methods to support regulatory programs is examined together with emerging techniques that could be taken advantage of to improve the sensitivity and usefulness of current chromatographic methods for tomorrow's regulatory agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Boison
- Food Animal Chemical Residue Section, Agriculture Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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