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Upshur MA, Bé AG, Luo J, Varelas JG, Geiger FM, Thomson RJ. Organic synthesis in the study of terpene-derived oxidation products in the atmosphere. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:890-921. [PMID: 36938683 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00064d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 up to 2022Volatile biogenic terpenes involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles participate in rich atmospheric chemistry that impacts numerous aspects of the earth's complex climate system. Despite the importance of these species, understanding their fate in the atmosphere and determining their atmospherically-relevant properties has been limited by the availability of authentic standards and probe molecules. Advances in synthetic organic chemistry directly aimed at answering these questions have, however, led to exciting discoveries at the interface of chemistry and atmospheric science. Herein we provide a review of the literature regarding the synthesis of commercially unavailable authentic standards used to analyze the composition, properties, and mechanisms of SOA particles in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Upshur
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ariana Gray Bé
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jingyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jonathan G Varelas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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2
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Jookjantra P, Thepanondh S, Keawboonchu J, Kultan V, Laowagul W. Formation potential and source contribution of secondary organic aerosol from volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:1016-1034. [PMID: 35751911 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a key constituent of fine particulate matter, can be formed through the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, information on its relevant emission sources remains limited in many cities, especially concerning different types of land use. In this study, VOC concentration in Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), Thailand, was continuously collected for 24 h by 6-L evacuated canister and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry following USEPA TO15, and the formation of SOA was evaluated through the comprehensive direct measurements and speciation of ambient VOCs. Finally, source contribution of VOCs to SOA formation was characterized using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. The results revealed the abundant group of VOCs species in the overall BMR was oxygenated VOCs, accounting for 49.97-57.37%. The SOA formation potential (SOAP) ranged from 1,134.33 to 3,143.74 μg m-3 . The VOC species contributing to the highest SOAP was toluene. Results from the PMF model revealed the dominant emission source of VOCs that greatly contributed to SOA was vehicle exhaust emission. Industrial combustion was the main source of VOC emission contributing to SOA in industrial areas. Sources of fuel evaporation, biomass burning, and cooking were also found in the study areas but in small quantities. The results of this study elucidated that different emission sources of VOCs contribute to SOA with respect to different types of land use. Findings of this study highlight the necessity to identify the contribution of potential emission sources of SOA precursors to effectively manage urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peemapat Jookjantra
- Dep. of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Thepanondh
- Dep. of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand
| | - Jutarat Keawboonchu
- Dep. of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Vanitchaya Kultan
- Dep. of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanna Laowagul
- Dep. of Environmental Quality Promotion, Environmental Research and Training Center, Pathumthani, Thailand
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3
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Xu B, Zhang G, Gustafsson Ö, Kawamura K, Li J, Andersson A, Bikkina S, Kunwar B, Pokhrel A, Zhong G, Zhao S, Li J, Huang C, Cheng Z, Zhu S, Peng P, Sheng G. Large contribution of fossil-derived components to aqueous secondary organic aerosols in China. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5115. [PMID: 36045131 PMCID: PMC9433442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete understanding of the sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) leads to large uncertainty in both air quality management and in climate change assessment. Chemical reactions occurring in the atmospheric aqueous phase represent an important source of SOA mass, yet, the effects of anthropogenic emissions on the aqueous SOA (aqSOA) are not well constrained. Here we use compound-specific dual-carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C and Δ14C) of dominant aqSOA molecules, such as oxalic acid, to track the precursor sources and formation mechanisms of aqSOA. Substantial stable carbon isotope fractionation of aqSOA molecules provides robust evidence for extensive aqueous-phase processing. Contrary to the paradigm that these aqSOA compounds are largely biogenic, radiocarbon-based source apportionments show that fossil precursors produced over one-half of the aqSOA molecules. Large fractions of fossil-derived aqSOA contribute substantially to the total water-soluble organic aerosol load and hence impact projections of both air quality and anthropogenic radiative forcing. Our findings reveal the importance of fossil emissions for aqSOA with effects on climate and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Örjan Gustafsson
- Department of Environment Science and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - August Andersson
- Department of Environment Science and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Srinivas Bikkina
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.,CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403004, Goa, India
| | - Bhagawati Kunwar
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ambarish Pokhrel
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.,Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhineng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sanyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pingan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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4
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Soni M, Girach I, Sahu LK, Ojha N. Photochemical evolution of air in a tropical urban environment of India: A model-based study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134070. [PMID: 35231476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical processes over tropical Indian region impact the atmospheric composition and air quality over local to global scales; nevertheless, studies on detailed atmospheric chemistry remain sparse in this region. In this study, we investigate the photochemical evolution of air in the downwind of a tropical semi-arid urban environment (Ahmedabad) in India using the Master Mechanism model. The 5-days long chemical evolution has been simulated for the winter conditions - when this region experiences strong ozone build up. Model environment has been set up by including the meteorological conditions, overhead ozone, and aerosol loading, etc. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been initialized in the model based on the wintertime observations. The model predicts large O3 production (∼115 ppbv) in the downwind regions, followed by a gradual decrease from the 3rd day onwards. Additionally, significant amounts of the secondary inorganics, e.g. nitric acid (∼17 ppbv), hydrogen peroxide (∼9 ppbv), and organics, e.g. ketones (∼11 ppbv), are also simulated. The noontime maximum levels of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals are simulated to be 0.3 and 44 pptv, respectively. While the production of OH is dominated by the reaction of NO with HO2 on the first day, photolysis of O3 dominates subsequently with reduction in NOx levels. VOCs are the major OH sink during day 1, however contribution of CO is greater on further days. The air mass trajectory analysis suggests the outflow of ozone-rich air over the rural areas and the Arabian Sea, in agreement with measurements and a global model. Our study highlights the strong impact of the urban outflows on the regional atmospheric composition. The continuous measurements of VOCs and radicals are needed over tropical regions to complement the models and further improve the understanding of air chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Soni
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Imran Girach
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Presently at Space Application Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad, India
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5
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Bouzidi H, Fayad L, Coeur C, Houzel N, Petitprez D, Faccinetto A, Wu J, Tomas A, Ondráček J, Schwarz J, Ždímal V, Zuend A. Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of secondary organic aerosol produced from dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153010. [PMID: 35026240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles produced during dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene under different reaction conditions were investigated. The SOA particles were produced in the presence or absence of cyclohexane, an OH scavenger; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, an anthropogenic volatile organic compound; and (NH4)2SO4 seed particles. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer was used to determine the GFs of the SOA particles at RHs ≤ 93%. For some experiments, a CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurement of CCN activation at supersaturation (S) in the range of 0.1 to 1%. The single hygroscopicity parameter κ was derived from both the GF and CCN measurements. Under subsaturated conditions, all the SOA (except those in the presence of the (NH4)2SO4 seeds) showed small GF values. These GFs demonstrated that SOA mass loading affected the GF. A decrease in the SOA mass loading led to increased GF and corresponding κGFvalues. However, in a supersaturation regime, the SOA mass loading and the size of the particles did not significantly alter the CCN activity of the SOA. Our CCN measurements showed higher κCCN values (κCCN = 0.20-0.24) than those observed in most monoterpene ozonolysis studies (κCCN = 0.1-0.14). This difference may have been due to the presence of the two endocyclic double bonds in the γ-terpinene structure, which may have affected the SOA chemical composition, in contrast to monoterpenes that contain an exocyclic double bond. Our comparisons of sub- and supersaturated conditions showed a larger range of κ values than other experiments. Average κCCN/κGF ratios of ~7 and 14 were obtained in the unseeded SOA experiments at low and high SOA mass loadings, respectively. The average κCCN of 0.23 indicated that the SOA produced during ozonolysis of γ-terpinene exhibited fairly high CCN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bouzidi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic; IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Layal Fayad
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Cecile Coeur
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Nicolas Houzel
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | | | | | - Junteng Wu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Tomas
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
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6
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Chrayteh M, Huet TR, Dréan P. The gas-phase microwave spectrum of sabinene revisited reveals new structural parameters. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Galvão ES, de Cassia Feroni R, D'Azeredo Orlando MT. A review of the main strategies used in the interpretation of similar chemical profiles yielded by receptor models in the source apportionment of particulate matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128746. [PMID: 33153846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Receptor models have been widely used for the source apportionment of airborne particulate matter. However, in the last 10 years, the use of factor analysis-based models, such as PMF and UNMIX, has increased significantly. The results yielded by these models must be interpreted by users who must know all variables influencing the modeling, and without this knowledge, the probability of incorrect interpretation of the source profiles may increase, especially when two or more sources have similar chemical profiles. Concerning the quality of data, this work shows that a broad characterization of PM composition, including inorganic, organic, and mineralogical species can improve this process, avoiding misinterpretation and the attribution of mixed or unidentified sources. This work aims to provide readers with some answers for a question often risen during source apportionment studies: Which source markers should be used for better separation and interpretation of source profiles? This review shows there is no right answer for this because different strategies can be used for this purpose. Therefore, this review aims to compile and highlight qualitatively the key strategies already used by several experienced receptor models users, combining the use of inorganic, organic, and mineralogical markers of PM for better separation and interpretation of the profiles yielded by receptor models. Also, this work presents a compilation in tables of the main chemical species reported in the literature as markers for interpreting the source profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Física, Vitória, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cassia Feroni
- Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
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8
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Keshavarz F. Molecular level insights into the direct health impacts of some organic aerosol components. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry and biomodeling indicate that the studied organic aerosol components cannot directly cause oxidative stress or mutagenicity/carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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9
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Yang S, Duan F, Ma Y, Li H, Wang J, Du Z, Xu Y, Zhang T, Zhu L, Huang T, Kimoto T, Zhang L, He K. Characteristics and seasonal variations of high-molecular-weight oligomers in urban haze aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141209. [PMID: 32763608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosols (OA) undergo sophisticated physiochemical processes in the atmosphere, playing a crucial role in extreme haze formations over the Northern China Plain. However, current understandings of the detailed composition and formation pathways are limited. In this study, high-molecular weight (HMW) species were observed in samples collected year-round in urban Beijing, especially in autumn and winter, during 2016-2017. The positive-ion-mode mass spectra of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that higher signal intensities were obtained in the mass-to-charge (m/z) ranges of 200-500 and 800-900, with repetitive mass difference patterns of m/z 12, 14, 16, and 18. This provided sound evidence that high-molecular-weight oligomers were generated as haze episodes became exacerbated. These oligomer signal intensities were enhanced in the presence of high relative humidity, aerosol water content, and PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) mass, proving that the multiphase reaction processes play a fundamental role in haze formation in Beijing. Our study can form a basis for improved air pollution mitigation measures aimed at OA to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yongliang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd, Funahashi-Cho, Tennouji-Ku, Osaka 543-0024, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Du
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunzhi Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd, Funahashi-Cho, Tennouji-Ku, Osaka 543-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimoto
- Kimoto Electric Co. Ltd, Funahashi-Cho, Tennouji-Ku, Osaka 543-0024, Japan
| | - Lifei Zhang
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Krechmer JE, Day DA, Jimenez JL. Always Lost but Never Forgotten: Gas-Phase Wall Losses Are Important in All Teflon Environmental Chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12890-12897. [PMID: 32930585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Yields of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from oxidation of volatile organic compounds are measured in laboratory chambers and then applied in regional and global models. Gas-phase losses to large Teflon-walled environmental chambers have been recently shown to reduce SOA yields. Historically, most chambers have operated in batch mode. Increasingly, however, continuous flow (CF) mode is being used, in which reactants and products are continuously introduced and exhausted from the chamber. Recent literature reports indicate a belief that SOA yields measured in CF chambers are not affected by gas-phase wall losses (GWL). Here, we use an experimentally-constrained box model to show that gas-phase wall losses impact both types of chambers when run under similar conditions. We find CF experiments do mitigate some effects of gas-phase wall losses after long (>2 days) experiment run times, but they have significant losses for typical literature experiment times of 1 day. However, this mitigation phenomenon is an experiment- and mechanism-dependent, and GWL still affects the absolute SOA yield. Finally, we show that at condensation sink values higher than the wall loss rate a lack of change in yield vs seed surface area does not necessarily indicate whether GWL affects the experiment and does not suggest the magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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11
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Yang Z, Tsona NT, Li J, Wang S, Xu L, You B, Du L. Effects of NO x and SO 2 on the secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene: A new source of organosulfates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114742. [PMID: 32402708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,3,5-Trimethylbeneze (TMB) is an important constituent of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds that contributes to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). A series of chamber experiments were performed to probe the effects of NOx and SO2 on SOA formation from TMB photooxidation. The molecular composition of TMB SOA was investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-HR-Q-TOFMS). We found that the SOA yield increases notably with elevated NOx concentrations under low-NOx condition ([TMB]0/[NOx]0 > 10 ppbC ppb-1), while an opposite trend is observed in high-NOx experiments ([TMB]0/[NOx]0 < 10 ppbC ppb-1). The increase in SOA yield in low-NOx regime is attributed to the increase of NOx-induced OH concentrations. The formation of low-volatility species might be suppressed, thereby leading to a lower SOA yield in high-NOx conditions. Moreover, SOA formation was promoted in experiment with SO2 addition. Multifunctional products containing carbonyl, acid, alcohol, and nitrate functional groups were characterized in TMB/NOx photooxidation, whereas several organosulfates (OSs) and nitrooxy organosulfates were identified in TMB/NOx/SO2 photooxidation based on HR-Q-TOFMS analysis. The formation mechanism relevant to the detected compounds in SOA were proposed. Based on our measurements, the photooxidation of TMB in the presence of SO2 may be a new source of OSs in the atmosphere. The results presented here also deepen the understanding of SOA formation under relatively complex polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Li Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bo You
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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12
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Chrayteh M, Huet TR, Dréan P. Gas-Phase Hydration of Perillaldehyde Investigated by Microwave Spectroscopy Assisted by Computational Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6511-6520. [PMID: 32678616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microsolvated complexes of two equatorial conformers of perillaldehyde were experimentally investigated in a supersonic molecular jet coupled to a cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, in the 2.3-8 GHz frequency range. The structures of hydrates C10H14O·(H2O)n (n = 1,2,3) were first optimized at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP levels of theory. The spectral signatures of four monohydrates and of two dihydrates could then be obtained. Additional rotational constants from the analysis of the spectra of their 18O isotopologues allowed the calculation of the substitution coordinates of the water oxygen atoms of each hydrate. They were found to be in good agreement with those of the optimized structures. SAPT2 calculations and noncovalent interaction analysis highlight the role of dispersion and quasi-hydrogen bonds in the stabilization of the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamad Chrayteh
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Thérèse R Huet
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Pascal Dréan
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Lille F-59000, France
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13
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Wang S, Newland MJ, Deng W, Rickard AR, Hamilton JF, Muñoz A, Ródenas M, Vázquez MM, Wang L, Wang X. Aromatic Photo-oxidation, A New Source of Atmospheric Acidity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7798-7806. [PMID: 32479720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH), one of the most important and ubiquitous organic acids in the Earth's atmosphere, contributes substantially to atmospheric acidity and affects pH-dependent reactions in the aqueous phase. However, based on the current mechanistic understanding, even the most advanced chemical models significantly underestimate the HCOOH concentrations when compared to ambient observations at both ground-level and high altitude, thus underrating its atmospheric impact. Here we reveal new chemical pathways to HCOOH formation from reactions of both O3 and OH with ketene-enols, which are important and to date undiscovered intermediates produced in the photo-oxidation of aromatics and furans. We highlight that the estimated yields of HCOOH from ketene-enol oxidation are up to 60% in polluted urban areas and greater than 30% even in the continental background. Our theoretical calculations are further supported by a chamber experiment evaluation. Considering that aromatic compounds are highly reactive and contribute ca. 10% to global nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions and 20% in urban areas, the new oxidation pathways presented here should help to narrow the budget gap of HCOOH and other small organic acids and can be relevant in any environment with high aromatic emissions, including urban areas and biomass burning plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mike J Newland
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew R Rickard
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Ródenas
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica M Vázquez
- Fundación CEAM, EUPHORE Laboratories, Avda. Charles R. Darwin. Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Liming Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Chrayteh M, Savoia A, Huet TR, Dréan P. Microhydration of verbenone: how the chain of water molecules adapts its structure to the host molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5855-5864. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microsolvation of verbenone (C10H14O)·(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3) was investigated in a supersonic expansion using a cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, in the 2.8–14 GHz frequency range and by computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamad Chrayteh
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Annunziata Savoia
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Thérèse R. Huet
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Pascal Dréan
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
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15
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Filonchyk M, Yan H, Zhang Z, Yang S, Li W, Li Y. Combined use of satellite and surface observations to study aerosol optical depth in different regions of China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6174. [PMID: 30992472 PMCID: PMC6467898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is one of essential atmosphere parameters for climate change assessment as well as for total ecological situation study. This study presents long-term data (2000-2017) on time-space distribution and trends in AOD over various ecological regions of China, received from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (combined Dark Target and Deep Blue) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), based on satellite Terra. Ground-based stations Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) were used to validate the data obtained. AOD data, obtained from two spectroradiometers, demonstrate the significant positive correlation relationships (r = 0.747), indicating that 55% of all data illustrate relationship among the parameters under study. Comparison of results, obtained with MODIS/MISR Terra and AERONET, demonstrate high relation (r = 0.869 - 0.905), while over 60% of the entire sampling fall within the range of the expected tolerance, established by MODIS and MISR over earth (±0.05 ± 0.15 × AODAERONET and 0.05 ± 0.2 × AODAERONET) with root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.097-0.302 and 0.067-0.149, as well as low mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.068-0.18 and 0.067-0.149, respectively. The MODIS search results were overestimated for AERONET stations with an average overestimation ranging from 14 to 17%, while there was an underestimate of the search results using MISR from 8 to 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Filonchyk
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Haowen Yan
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shuwen Yang
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Polytechnic Information Technology and Education Center, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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16
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Lovett C, Baasiri M, Atwi K, Sowlat MH, Shirmohammadi F, Shihadeh AL, Sioutas C. Comparison of the oxidative potential of primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols derived from α-pinene and gasoline engine exhaust precursors. F1000Res 2018; 7:1031. [PMID: 30828421 PMCID: PMC6392154 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15445.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, deriving from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, represent a major fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM) and play an important role in the etiology of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, largely through systemic inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. The relative contributions of these species to the inhalation burden, however, are rather poorly characterized. In this study, we measured the in vitro oxidative stress response of alveolar macrophages exposed to primary and secondary PM derived from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Methods: POA and SOA were generated within an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) fed by pure, aerosolized α-pinene or gasoline engine exhaust, as representative emissions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The OFR utilized an ultraviolet (UV) lamp to achieve an equivalent atmospheric aging process of several days. Results: Anthropogenic SOA produced the greatest oxidative response (1900 ± 255 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), followed by biogenic (α-pinene) SOA (1321 ± 542 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), while anthropogenic POA produced the smallest response (51.4 ± 64.3 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and controlling anthropogenic emissions in the urban atmosphere, while also taking into consideration spatial and seasonal differences in SOA composition. Local concentrations of biogenic and anthropogenic species contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM may vary widely, depending on the given region and time of year, due to factors such as surrounding vegetation, proximity to urban areas, and hours of daylight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lovett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mohamad Baasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Khairallah Atwi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad H. Sowlat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Farimah Shirmohammadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alan L. Shihadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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17
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Lovett C, Baasiri M, Atwi K, Sowlat MH, Shirmohammadi F, Shihadeh AL, Sioutas C. Comparison of the oxidative potential of primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols derived from α-pinene and gasoline engine exhaust precursors. F1000Res 2018; 7:1031. [PMID: 30828421 PMCID: PMC6392154 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15445.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, deriving from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, represent a major fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM) and play an important role in the etiology of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, largely through systemic inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. The relative contributions of these species to the inhalation burden, however, are rather poorly characterized. In this study, we measured the in vitro oxidative stress response of alveolar macrophages exposed to primary and secondary PM derived from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Methods: POA and SOA were generated within an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) fed by pure, aerosolized α-pinene or gasoline engine exhaust, as representative emissions of biogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The OFR utilized an ultraviolet (UV) lamp to achieve an equivalent atmospheric aging process of several days. Results: Anthropogenic SOA produced the greatest oxidative response (1900 ± 255 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), followed by biogenic (α-pinene) SOA (1321 ± 542 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM), while anthropogenic POA produced the smallest response (51.4 ± 64.3 µg-Zymosan/mg-PM). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and controlling anthropogenic emissions in the urban atmosphere, while also taking into consideration spatial and seasonal differences in SOA composition. Local concentrations of biogenic and anthropogenic species contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM may vary widely, depending on the given region and time of year, due to factors such as surrounding vegetation, proximity to urban areas, and hours of daylight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lovett
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mohamad Baasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Khairallah Atwi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad H. Sowlat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Farimah Shirmohammadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alan L. Shihadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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18
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Wang L, Huang D, Chan CK, Li YJ, Xu XG. Nanoscale spectroscopic and mechanical characterization of individual aerosol particles using peak force infrared microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7397-7400. [PMID: 28620668 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles of sizes less than 2.5 microns affect public health in cities. Understanding the fine structures of aerosol particles is important to decipher their source. Here, we use a novel spectroscopic and mechanical microscopy technique of 10 nm spatial resolution to reveal the nanoscale structures of individual aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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19
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Baltensperger U. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Introductory lecture: chemistry in the urban atmosphere. Faraday Discuss 2018; 189:9-29. [PMID: 27247983 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The urban atmosphere is characterised by a multitude of complex processes. Gaseous and particulate components are continuously emitted into the atmosphere from many different sources. These components are then dispersed in the urban atmosphere via turbulent mixing. Numerous chemical reactions modify the gas phase chemistry on multiple time scales, producing secondary pollutants. Through partitioning, the chemical and physical properties of the aerosol particles are also constantly changing as a consequence of dispersion and gas phase chemistry. This review presents an overview of the involved processes, focusing on the contributions presented at this conference and putting them into a broader context. Advanced methods for aerosol source apportionment are presented as well, followed by some aspects of health effects related to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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20
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Ma P, Zhang P, Shu J, Yang B, Zhang H. Characterization of secondary organic aerosol from photo-oxidation of gasoline exhaust and specific sources of major components. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:65-72. [PMID: 28917820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To further explore the composition and distribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) components from the photo-oxidation of light aromatic precursors (toluene, m-xylene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-TMB)) and idling gasoline exhaust, a vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer (VUV-PIMS) was employed. Peaks of the molecular ions of the SOA components with minimum molecular fragmentation were clearly observed from the mass spectra of SOA, through the application of soft ionization methods in VUV-PIMS. The experiments comparing the exhaust-SOA and light aromatic mixture-SOA showed that the observed distributions of almost all the predominant cluster ions in the exhaust-SOA were similar to that of the mixture-SOA. Based on the characterization experiments of SOA formed from individual light aromatic precursors, the SOA components with molecular weights of 98 and 110 amu observed in the exhaust-SOA resulted from the photo-oxidation of toluene and m-xylene; the components with a molecular weight of 124 amu were derived mainly from m-xylene; and the components with molecular weights of 100, 112, 128, 138, and 156 amu were mainly derived from 1,3,5-TMB. These results suggest that C7-C9 light aromatic hydrocarbons are significant SOA precursors and that major SOA components originate from gasoline exhaust. Additionally, some new light aromatic hydrocarbon-SOA components were observed for the first time using VUV-PIMS. The corresponding reaction mechanisms were also proposed in this study to enrich the knowledge base of the formation mechanisms of light aromatic hydrocarbon-SOA compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinian Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8080138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Gray Bé A, Upshur MA, Liu P, Martin ST, Geiger FM, Thomson RJ. Cloud Activation Potentials for Atmospheric α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene Ozonolysis Products. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:715-725. [PMID: 28776013 PMCID: PMC5532715 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of atmospheric cloud droplets due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles is important for quantifying the Earth's radiative balance under future, possibly warmer, climates, yet is only poorly understood. While cloud activation may be parametrized using the surface tension depression that coincides with surfactant partitioning to the gas-droplet interface, the extent to which cloud activation is influenced by both the chemical structure and reactivity of the individual molecules comprising this surfactant pool is largely unknown. We report herein considerable differences in the surface tension depression of aqueous pendant droplets that contain synthetically prepared ozonolysis products derived from α-pinene and β-caryophyllene, the most abundant of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively, that are emitted over the planet's vast forest ecosystems. Oxidation products derived from β-caryophyllene were found to exhibit significantly higher surface activity than those prepared from α-pinene, with the critical supersaturation required for cloud droplet activation reduced by 50% for β-caryophyllene aldehyde at 1 mM. These considerable reductions in the critical supersaturation were found to coincide with free energies of adsorption that exceed ∼25 kJ/mol, or just one hydrogen bond equivalent, depending on the ammonium sulfate and oxidation product concentration in the solution. Additional experiments showed that aldehyde-containing oxidation products exist in equilibrium with hydrated forms in aqueous solution, which may modulate their bulk solubility and surface activity. Equilibration time scales on the order of 10-5 to 10-4 s calculated for micrometer-sized aerosol particles indicate instantaneous surface tension depression in the activation processes leading to cloud formation in the atmosphere. Our findings highlight the underlying importance of molecular structure and reactivity when considering cloud condensation activity in the presence of SOA particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Gray Bé
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mary Alice Upshur
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Scot T. Martin
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Romonosky DE, Li Y, Shiraiwa M, Laskin A, Laskin J, Nizkorodov SA. Aqueous Photochemistry of Secondary Organic Aerosol of α-Pinene and α-Humulene Oxidized with Ozone, Hydroxyl Radical, and Nitrate Radical. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1298-1309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian E. Romonosky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ying Li
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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24
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Cai T, Schauer JJ, Huang W, Fang D, Shang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Sensitivity of source apportionment results to mobile source profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:821-828. [PMID: 27567169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of a source apportionment model to mobile source profiles was examined to determine the impact of using non-local mobile source profiles in chemical mass balance (CMB) models. We examined the impact of USA and Chinese mobile source profiles on source apportionment results in St. Louis, Missouri, and Beijing. The results showed that the use of non-local mobile source profiles did not impact the model apportionment results for vegetative detritus and biomass burning, but other primary source contributions were influenced by the use of non-local source profiles. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributions estimated by the CMB models with local and non-local profiles were compared to estimate of SOC from the EC tracer method and were found to be consistent with little bias. The results also showed that it is feasible to use the USA mobile profiles in China while model results were biased by using Chinese mobile profiles in the USA. Monthly and annual average concentrations of molecular markers in the source apportionment model showed lower sensitivity to source profiles than daily measurements, which has implications to the design of source apportionment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongqing Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, China; Huairou Eco-Environmental Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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25
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Ofner J, Deckert-Gaudig T, Kamilli KA, Held A, Lohninger H, Deckert V, Lendl B. Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Atmospherically Relevant Aerosol Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9766-9772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ofner
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina A. Kamilli
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Held
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans Lohninger
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, University of Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Schilling Fahnestock KA, Yee LD, Loza CL, Coggon MM, Schwantes R, Zhang X, Dalleska NF, Seinfeld JH. Secondary Organic Aerosol Composition from C12 Alkanes. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4281-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501779w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay D. Yee
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christine L. Loza
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew M. Coggon
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rebecca Schwantes
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathan F. Dalleska
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division
of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Chu B, Wang K, Takekawa H, Li J, Zhou W, Jiang J, Ma Q, He H, Hao J. Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of alpha-pinene under different oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:129-139. [PMID: 24649698 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of alpha-pinene/NO(x) with different sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) in terms of hygroscopic growth factor (Gf), with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor (ACSM) and matrix factorization (PMF) method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present.
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Shrestha M, Zhang Y, Ebben CJ, Martin ST, Geiger FM. Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy of secondary organic material produced by condensational growth from α-pinene ozonolysis. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8427-36. [PMID: 23876044 DOI: 10.1021/jp405065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary organic material (SOM) was produced in a flow tube from α-pinene ozonolysis, and collected particles were analyzed spectroscopically via a nonlinear coherent vibrational spectroscopic technique, namely sum frequency generation (SFG). The SOM precursor α-pinene was injected into the flow tube reactor at concentrations ranging from 0.125 ± 0.01 ppm to 100 ± 3 ppm. The oxidant ozone was varied from 0.15 ± 0.02 to 194 ± 2 ppm. The residence time was 38 ± 1 s. The integrated particle number concentrations, studied using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), varied from no particles produced up to (1.26 ± 0.02) × 10(7) cm(-3) for the matrix of reaction conditions. The mode diameters of the aerosols increased from 7.7 nm (geometric standard deviation (gsd), 1.0) all the way to 333.8 nm (gsd, 1.9). The corresponding volume concentrations were as high as (3.0 ± 0.1) × 10(14) nm(3) cm(-3). The size distributions indicated access to different particle growth stages, namely condensation, coagulation, or combination of both, depending on reaction conditions. For filter collection and subsequent spectral analysis, reaction conditions were selected that gave a mode diameter of 63 ± 3 nm and 93 ± 3 nm, respectively, and an associated mass concentration of 12 ± 2 μg m(-3) and (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10(3) μg m(-3) for an assumed density of 1200 kg m(-3). Teflon filters loaded with 24 ng to 20 μg of SOM were analyzed by SFG. The SFG spectra obtained from particles formed under condensational and coagulative growth conditions were found to be quite similar, indicating that the distribution of SFG-active C-H oscillators is similar for particles prepared under both conditions. The spectral features of these flow-tube particles agreed with those prepared in an earlier study that employed the Harvard Environmental Chamber. The SFG intensity was found to increase linearly with the number of particles, consistent with what is expected from SFG signal production from particles, while it decreased at higher mass loadings of 10 and 20 μg, consistent with the notion that SFG probes the top surface of the SOM material following the complete coverage of the filter. The linear increase in SFG intensity with particle density also supports the notion that the average number of SFG active oscillators per particle is constant for a given particle size, that the particles are present on the collection filters in a random array, and that the particles are not coalesced. The limit of detection of SFG intensity was established as 24 ng of mass on the filter, corresponding to a calculated density of about 100 particles in the laser spot. As established herein, the technique is applicable for detecting low particle number or mass concentrations in ambient air. The related implication is that SFG is useful for short collection times and would therefore provide increased temporal resolution in a locally evolving atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Qi L, Nakao S, Cocker DR. Aging of secondary organic aerosol from alpha-pinene ozonolysis: roles of hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2012; 62:1359-1369. [PMID: 23362755 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.712082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work investigates the oxidative aging of preformed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) derived from alpha-pinene ozonolysis (-100 ppb(v) hydrocarbon [HC(x)] with excess of O3) within the University of California-Riverside Center for Environmental Research and Technology environmental chamber that occurs after introduction of additional hydroxyl (OH) and nitrate (NO3) radicals. Simultaneous measurements of SOA volume concentration, hygroscopicity, particle density, and elemental chemical composition (C:O:H) reveal increased particle wall-loss-corrected SOA formation (1.5%, 7.5%, and 15.1%), increase in oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C; 15.6%, 8.7%, and 8.7%), and hydrophilicity (4.2%, 7.4%, and 1.4%) after addition of NO (ultraviolet [UV] on), H2O2 (UV(on)), and N2O5 (dark), respectively. The processing observed as an increase in O/C and hydrophilicity is attributed to OH and NO3 reactions with first-generation vapor products and UV photolysis. The rate of increase in O/C appears to be only sufficient to achieve semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA) on a day time scale even at the raised chamber radical concentrations. The additional processing with UV irradiation without addition of NO, H2O2, or N2O5 is observed, adding 5.5% wall-loss-corrected volume. The photolysis-only processing is attributed to additional OH generated from photolysis of the nitrous acid (HONO) offgasing from chamber walls. This finding indicates that OH and NO3 radicals can further alter the chemical composition of SOA from alpha-pinene ozonolysis, which is proved to consist of first-generation products. IMPLICATIONS Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) may undergo aging processes once formed in the atmosphere, thereby altering the physicochemical and toxic properties of aerosol. This study discusses SOA aging of a major biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC; alpha-pinene) after it initially forms SOA. Aging of the alpha-pinene ozonolysis system by OH (through NO or H2O2 injection), NO3 (through N2O5 injection), and photolysis is observed. Although the reaction rate appears to be only sufficient to achieve semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA) level of oxygenation on a 1-day scale, it is important that SOA aging be considered in ambient air quality models. Aging in this study is attributed to further oxidation of gas-phase oxidation products of alpha-pinene ozonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, California, USA.
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Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Reid JP. Exploring the complexity of aerosol particle properties and processes using single particle techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6631-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Roach PJ, Laskin J, Laskin A. Molecular characterization of organic aerosols using nanospray-desorption/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7979-86. [PMID: 20666445 DOI: 10.1021/ac101449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) is a promising approach for the detailed, molecular-level chemical characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols (OA) collected in laboratory and field experiments. The nano-DESI technique possesses distinct advantages of technical simplicity, enhanced sensitivity, and signal stability. In nano-DESI, analyte is desorbed into a solvent bridge formed between two capillaries and the analysis surface, which enables fast and efficient characterization of OA collected on substrates without sample preparation. Stable signals achieved using nano-DESI make it possible to obtain high-quality HR-MS data both for laboratory-generated and field-collected OA using only a small amount of material (<10 ng). Furthermore, nano-DESI enables the efficient detection of chemically labile compounds in OA, which is important for understanding chemical aging phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Roach
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Kuwata M, Chen Q, Martin ST. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratios following thermodenuder treatment of organic particles grown by α-pinene ozonolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14571-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koop T, Bookhold J, Shiraiwa M, Pöschl U. Glass transition and phase state of organic compounds: dependency on molecular properties and implications for secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19238-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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Bruns EA, Perraud V, Greaves J, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry: A New Approach for Airborne Particle Analysis. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Véronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - John Greaves
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Salo K, Jonsson ÅM, Andersson PU, Hallquist M. Aerosol Volatility and Enthalpy of Sublimation of Carboxylic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4586-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Salo
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrik U. Andersson
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, SE 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Presto AA, Miracolo MA, Donahue NM, Robinson AL. Secondary organic aerosol formation from high-NO(x) photo-oxidation of low volatility precursors: n-alkanes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2029-34. [PMID: 20166655 DOI: 10.1021/es903712r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from photo-oxidation of low-volatility precursors; n-alkanes were chosen as a model system. The experiments feature atmospherically relevant organic aerosol concentrations (C(OA)). Under high-NO(x) conditions SOA yields increased with increasing carbon number (lower volatility) for n-decane, n-dodecane, n-pentadecane, and n-heptadecane, reaching a yield of 0.51 for heptadecane at a C(OA) of 15.4 microg m(-3). As with other photo-oxidation systems, aerosol yield increased with UV intensity. Due to the log-linear relationship between n-alkane carbon number and vapor pressure as well as a relatively consistent product distribution it was possible to develop an empirical parametrization for SOA yields for n-alkanes between C(12) and C(17). This parametrization was implemented using the volatility basis set framework and is designed for use in chemical transport models. For C(OA) < 2 microg m(-3), the SOA mass spectrum, as measured with an aerosol mass spectrometer, had a large contribution from m/z 44, indicative of highly oxygenated products. At higher C(OA), the mass spectrum was dominated by m/z 30, indicative of organic nitrates. The data support the conclusion that lower volatility organic vapors are important SOA precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Presto
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
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40
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Nájera JJ, Percival CJ, Horn AB. Kinetic studies of the heterogeneous oxidation of maleic and fumaric acid aerosols by ozone under conditions of high relative humidity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:11417-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b924775k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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41
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Murphy BN, Pandis SN. Simulating the formation of semivolatile primary and secondary organic aerosol in a regional chemical transport model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4722-8. [PMID: 19673257 DOI: 10.1021/es803168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in our understanding of atmospheric organic particulate matter formation have been used to develop a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module for regional chemical transport models (CTMs). The module has been added to the regional CTM, PMCAMx, and has been evaluated against observations in the eastern U.S. The new module uses the volatility basis set framework to simulate primary organic aerosol (POA) partitioning between the gas and particulate phases and the gas-phase oxidation of the corresponding vapors. The formation and chemical aging of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are modeled using the same volatility distribution approach. The module uses recent results from smog chamber studies for the formation of SOA from anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbons. Hourly organic aerosol predictions are evaluated using data from the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS), and daily averaged predictions for July 2001 are compared to ambient measurements from the EPA Speciated Trends Network (STN) and the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). The model reproduces both the absolute organic aerosol concentrations in urban and rural locations as well as the high degree of oxidation of these compounds. The chemical aging of anthropogenic SOA is consistent with the ambient organic aerosol concentration field and has a significant impact on the absolute ground-level concentrations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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D'Anna B, Jammoul A, George C, Stemmler K, Fahrni S, Ammann M, Wisthaler A. Light-induced ozone depletion by humic acid films and submicron aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Krizner HE, De Haan DO, Kua J. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Methylglyoxal Dimer Formation: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6994-7001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadley E. Krizner
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110
| | - David O. De Haan
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110
| | - Jeremy Kua
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110
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Bateman AP, Nizkorodov SA, Laskin J, Laskin A. Time-resolved molecular characterization of limonene/ozone aerosol using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7931-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b905288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Mang SA, Henricksen DK, Bateman AP, Andersen MPS, Blake DR, Nizkorodov SA. Contribution of Carbonyl Photochemistry to Aging of Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8337-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Mang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Dana K. Henricksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Adam P. Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | | | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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46
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Miyakawa T, Takegawa N, Kondo Y. Photochemical evolution of submicron aerosol chemical composition in the Tokyo megacity region in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Xia AG, Michelangeli DV, Makar PA. Box model studies of the secondary organic aerosol formation under different HC/NOxconditions using the subset of the Master Chemical Mechanism forα-pinene oxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Baltensperger U, Dommen J, Alfarra MR, Duplissy J, Gaeggeler K, Metzger A, Facchini MC, Decesari S, Finessi E, Reinnig C, Schott M, Warnke J, Hoffmann T, Klatzer B, Puxbaum H, Geiser M, Savi M, Lang D, Kalberer M, Geiser T. Combined Determination of the Chemical Composition and of Health Effects of Secondary Organic Aerosols: The POLYSOA Project. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2008; 21:145-54. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2007.0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - M. Rami Alfarra
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Gaeggeler
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Axel Metzger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cristina Facchini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Finessi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Jörg Warnke
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Klatzer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Puxbaum
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Geiser
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Savi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Doris Lang
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Baltensperger U, Dommen J, Alfarra MR, Duplissy J, Gaeggeler K, Metzger A, Facchini MC, Decesari S, Finessi E, Reinnig C, Schott M, Warnke J, Hoffmann T, Klatzer B, Puxbaum H, Geiser M, Savi M, Lang D, Kalberer M, Geiser T. Combined Determination of the Chemical Composition and of Health Effects of Secondary Organic Aerosols: The POLYSOA Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/jam.2007.0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Prather KA, Hatch CD, Grassian VH. Analysis of atmospheric aerosols. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:485-514. [PMID: 20636087 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols represent an important component of the Earth's atmosphere. Because aerosols are composed of solid and liquid particles of varying chemical complexity, size, and phase, large challenges exist in understanding how they impact climate, health, and the chemistry of the atmosphere. Only through the integration of field, laboratory, and modeling analysis can we begin to unravel the roles atmospheric aerosols play in these global processes. In this article, we provide a brief review of the current state of the science in the analysis of atmospheric aerosols and some important challenges that need to be overcome before they can become fully integrated. It is clear that only when these areas are effectively bridged can we fully understand the impact that atmospheric aerosols have on our environment and the Earth's system at the level of scientific certainty necessary to design and implement sound environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 92093-0314, USA.
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