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Wu B, Xu X, Li G, Yang X, Du F, Tan W, Wang J, Dong S, Luo J, Wang X, Cao Z. High-Throughput Microfluidic Production of Droplets and Hydrogel Microspheres through Monolithically Integrated Microchannel Plates. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13586-13595. [PMID: 37624148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a highly effective microfluidic emulsion system using an integrated microchannel plate (MCP), a porous glass membrane that is readily available and densely packs millions of through-microchannels, for high-throughput production of monodisperse droplets. The physical controls of droplet formation, including viscosity, flow rate, and pore size, have been extensively explored for optimum emulsification conditions. The performance of the device has been validated where monodisperse droplets with a narrow coefficient of variance (<5%) can be achieved at a dispersed phase flux of 3 mL h-1 from a piece of 4 × 4 mm2 MCP. The average droplet size is two times the nominal membrane pore diameter and thus can be easily controlled by choosing the appropriate membrane type. The preparation of hydrogel microspheres has also been demonstrated with a high throughput of 1.5 × 106 particles min-1. These microspheres with a uniform size range and rough surface morphology provide suitable bioenvironments and serve as ideal carriers for cell culture. Mouse fibroblasts are shown to be cultured on these 3D scaffolds with an average cell viability of over 96%. The cell attachment rate can reach up to 112 ± 7% in 24 h and the proliferation ability increases with the number of culture days. Furthermore, the device has been applied in the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for absolute quantification of lung cancer-related PLAU genes. The detection limit achieved was noted to be 0.5 copies/μL with a dynamic range of 105 ranging from 1 × 102 to 1 × 106 copies/μL. Given the easy fabrication, robust performance, and simple operation, the emulsion system sets the stage for the laboratory's droplet-based assays and applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Wu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guangyang Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feiya Du
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Jikui Luo
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, P. R. China
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2
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Hinojosa-Ventura G, García-Ramírez MA, Acosta-Cuevas JM, González-Reynoso O. Generation of Photopolymerized Microparticles Based on PEGDA Hydrogel Using T-Junction Microfluidic Devices: Effect of the Flow Rates. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1279. [PMID: 37512590 PMCID: PMC10385006 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The formation of microparticles (MPs) of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) utilizing microfluidic devices is an attractive option for entrapment and encapsulation of active principles and microorganisms. Our research group has presented in previous studies a formulation to produce these hydrogels with adequate physical and mechanical characteristics for their use in the formation of MPs. In this work, hydrogel MPs are formed based on PEGDA using a microfluidic device with a T-junction design, and the MPs become hydrogel through a system of photopolymerization. The diameters of the MPs are evaluated as a function of the hydrodynamic condition flow rates of the continuous (Qc) and disperse (Qd) phases, measured by optical microscopy, and characterized through scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the following behavior is found: the diameter is inversely proportional to the increase in flow in the continuous phase (Qc), and it has a significant statistical effect that is greater than that in the flow of the disperse phase (Qd). While the diameter of the MPs is proportional to Qd, it does not have a significant statistical effect on the intervals of flow studied. Additionally, the MPs' polydispersity index (PDI) was measured for each experimental hydrodynamic condition, and all values were smaller than 0.05, indicating high homogeneity in the MPs. The microparticles have the potential to entrap pharmaceuticals and microorganisms, with possible pharmacological and bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hinojosa-Ventura
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd.M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto García-Ramírez
- Electronics Department, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd.M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Acosta-Cuevas
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd.M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Orfil González-Reynoso
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd.M. García Barragán # 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
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Amini Y, Ghazanfari V, Heydari M, Shadman MM, Khamseh AG, Khani MH, Hassanvand A. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of two-phase flow patterns in a serpentine microfluidic device. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9483. [PMID: 37301919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current research work, the flow behavior of a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) process in a serpentine microchannel was analyzed. The simulation was performed using a 3D model and the results were found to be consistent with experimental data. The impact of the flow of chloroform and water on the flow model was also examined. The data indicate that once the aqua and organic phases flow rates are low and similar, a slug flow pattern is observed. However, as the overall flow rate raises, the slug flow transforms into parallel plug flow or droplet flow. An increment in the aqua flows while maintaining a constant organic phase flow rate results in a transition from slug flow to either droplet flow or plug flow. Finally, the patterns of flow rate in the serpentine micro-channel were characterized and depicted. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of two-phase flow patterns in serpentine microfluidic devices. This information can be used to optimize the design of microfluidic devices for various applications. Furthermore, the study will demonstrate the applicability of CFD simulation in investigating the behavior of fluids in microfluidic devices, which can be a cost-effective and efficient alternative to experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Amini
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Valiyollah Ghazanfari
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Heydari
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Shadman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Gh Khamseh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Khani
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hassanvand
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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4
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Xu J. Hydrodynamics and liquid–liquid mass transfer in gas–liquid–liquid three-phase flow in a cross microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Wang S, Wang H, Cheng Y. Numerical simulation of mixing-induced dynamic interfacial tension inside droplet by lattice Boltzmann method. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Yamaguchi T, Morishita M, Sano TG, Doi M. Wetting dynamics of viscoelastic solid films. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4905-4912. [PMID: 35723519 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00353h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the wetting phenomena of a soft viscoelastic solid film on a smooth and flat substrate. A poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber film is suspended from a stage at both ends, and the wetting behavior of the film against a glass substrate is observed while lowering the stage at a constant velocity. We find that the dynamics of the rubber-glass-air contact lines vary with the lowering velocity of the stage. When the stage velocity is sufficiently low, the film wets the substrate smoothly and the contact lines are straight throughout. Consequently, the contact line velocity is proportional to the lowering velocity. As the stage velocity is increased, the contact line velocity reaches a maximum at the critical stage velocity and then subsequently decreases. The contact lines are wavy and sensitive to the defects above the critical velocity, resulting in the trapping of air bubbles at the interface. We reproduce the wetting behavior using a simple numerical model, assuming an upper limit for the contact line velocity. The wetting behavior observed in our experiments is attributed to the transition in the in-plane stress state from tensile to compressive along the film, leading to buckling of the film above the critical stage velocity. Our results suggest the existence and importance of the maximum wetting velocity for viscoelastic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Morishita
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomohiko G Sano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Wenzhou Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou 32500, China
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7
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Universal self-scalings in a micro-co-flowing. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Kashyap S, Almutairi Z, Qin N, Zhao P, Bedi S, Johnson D, Ren CL. Effects of surfactant size and concentration on the internal flow fields of moving slug and Disk-like droplets via μ-PIV. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Wang X, Liu Y, Liu D, Ge X, Li L, Qiu T. Droplet breakup in the square microchannel with a short square constriction to generate slug flow. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoda Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Dayu Liu
- Institute of Technology of University of Paris‐Saclay Paris France
| | - Xuehui Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Ling Li
- Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory Quanzhou Fujian China
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10
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Effect of Intersection Angle of Input Channels in Droplet Generators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061791. [PMID: 35335156 PMCID: PMC8948941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the effects of the intersection angle between the inlet channels on the droplet diameter using a COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation. We employed the level-set method to study the droplet generation process inside a microfluidic flow device. A flow-focusing geometry was integrated into a microfluidics device and used to study droplet formation in liquid–liquid systems. Droplets formed by this flow-focusing technique are typically smaller than the upstream capillary tube and vary in size with the flow rates. Different intersection angles were modeled with a fixed width of continuous and dispersed channels, orifices, and expansion channels. Numerical simulations were performed using the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for single-phase flow in various flow-focusing geometries. As a result of modeling, when the dispersed flow rate and the continuous flow rate were increased, the flow of the continuous flow fluid interfered with the flow of the dispersed flow fluid, which resulted in a decrease in the droplet diameter. Variations in the droplet diameter can be used to change the intersection angle and fluid flow rate. In addition, it was predicted that the smallest diameter droplet would be generated when the intersection angle was 90°.
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11
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Zhang J, Ling SD, Chen A, Chen Z, Ma W, Xu J. The liquid‐liquid flow dynamics and droplet formation in a modified step T‐junction Microchannel. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - An Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
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12
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Fabrication of CeO2 microspheres by internal gelation process using T junction droplet generator. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Numerical study on the hydrodynamics behavior of a central insert microchannel. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Lim AE, Lam YC. Vertical Squeezing Route Taylor Flow with Angled Microchannel Junctions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Eng Lim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yee Cheong Lam
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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Wu J, Yadavali S, Lee D, Issadore DA. Scaling up the throughput of microfluidic droplet-based materials synthesis: A review of recent progress and outlook. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031304. [PMID: 34484549 PMCID: PMC8293697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the development of microfluidic chips that generate micrometer- and nanometer-scale materials. These chips allow precise control over composition, structure, and particle uniformity not achievable using conventional methods. These microfluidic-generated materials have demonstrated enormous potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, food processing, acoustic, and optical meta-materials, and more. However, because the basis of these chips' performance is their precise control of fluid flows at the micrometer scale, their operation is limited to the inherently low throughputs dictated by the physics of multiphasic flows in micro-channels. This limitation on throughput results in material production rates that are too low for most practical applications. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made to tackle this challenge by designing microchip architectures that incorporate multiple microfluidic devices onto single chips. These devices can be operated in parallel to increase throughput while retaining the benefits of microfluidic particle generation. In this review, we will highlight recent work in this area and share our perspective on the key unsolved challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Ma L, Cui Y, Sheng L, Du C, Deng J, Luo G. Determination of interfacial tension and viscosity under dripping flow in a step T-junction microdevice. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Comparison of surfactant mass transfer with drop formation times from dynamic interfacial tension measurements in microchannels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:204-213. [PMID: 34329974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic interfacial tension was studied experimentally during drop formation in a flow-focusing microchannel. A low viscosity silicone oil (4.6 mPa s) was the continuous phase and a mixture of 48% w/w water and 52% w/w glycerol was the dispersed phase. An anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS), a cationic (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, DTAB) and a non-ionic (Triton™ X-100, TX100) surfactant were added in the dispersed phase, at concentrations below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). For SDS and DTAB the drop size against continuous phase flowrate curves initially decreased with surfactant concentration and then collapsed to a single curve at concentrations above CMC. For TX100 the curves only collapsed at surfactant concentrations 8.6 times the CMC. From the collapsed curves a correlation of drop size with capillary number was derived, which was used to calculate the dynamic interfacial tension at times as low as 3 ms. The comparison of the surfactant mass transport and adsorption times to the interface against the drop formation times indicated that surfactant adsorption also contributes to the time required to reach equilibrium interfacial tension. Criteria were proposed for drop formation times to ensure that equilibrium interfacial tension has been reached and does not affect the drop formation.
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18
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Al-Azzawi M, Mjalli FS, Husain A, Al-Dahhan M. A Review on the Hydrodynamics of the Liquid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in the Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Al-Azzawi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Farouq S. Mjalli
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Afzal Husain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muthanna Al-Dahhan
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Mining and Nuclear Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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Kalantarifard A, Alizadeh-Haghighi E, Saateh A, Elbuken C. Theoretical and experimental limits of monodisperse droplet generation. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Ling SD, Geng Y, Chen A, Du Y, Xu J. Enhanced single-cell encapsulation in microfluidic devices: From droplet generation to single-cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061508. [PMID: 33381250 PMCID: PMC7758092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis to investigate cellular heterogeneity and cell-to-cell interactions is a crucial compartment to answer key questions in important biological mechanisms. Droplet-based microfluidics appears to be the ideal platform for such a purpose because the compartmentalization of single cells into microdroplets offers unique advantages of enhancing assay sensitivity, protecting cells against external stresses, allowing versatile and precise manipulations over tested samples, and providing a stable microenvironment for long-term cell proliferation and observation. The present Review aims to give a preliminary guidance for researchers from different backgrounds to explore the field of single-cell encapsulation and analysis. A comprehensive and introductory overview of the droplet formation mechanism, fabrication methods of microchips, and a myriad of passive and active encapsulation techniques to enhance single-cell encapsulation efficiency were presented. Meanwhile, common methods for single-cell analysis, especially for long-term cell proliferation, differentiation, and observation inside microcapsules, are briefly introduced. Finally, the major challenges faced in the field are illustrated, and potential prospects for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Da Ling
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Geng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - An Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Du J, Ibaseta N, Guichardon P. Generation of an O/W emulsion in a flow-focusing microchip: Importance of wetting conditions and of dynamic interfacial tension. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Chen Y, Yang J, Wu J, Li Z, Liu S, Zhong H, Zhou R, Luo A, Ho HP, He S, Xing X, Shui L. Generation and manipulation of oil-in-water micro-droplets by confined thermocapillary microvortices. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1998-2001. [PMID: 32236052 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic manipulation of droplets is critical in droplet-based microfluidic systems for chemistry, biology, and medicine. Here, we reported a thermocapillary microvortices-based manipulation platform for controlling oil-in-water droplets through integrating a photothermal waveguide into a microfluidic chip. The sizes and shapes of the droplets can be controlled by adjusting optical power or positions of the water-oil interface. Here, teardrop-shaped droplets, which can encapsulate and accumulate mesoscopic matters easily, were generated when the water-oil interface and the channel boundaries approached the photothermal waveguide center simultaneously. The results showed that the thermocapillary microvortices have good controllability of droplet positions, droplet volumes, and encapsulated-particle distribution and thus it will be a powerful droplet manipulation strategy for microreactors and microcapsules.
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Lee JM, Choi JW, Ahrberg CD, Choi HW, Ha JH, Mun SG, Mo SJ, Chung BG. Generation of tumor spheroids using a droplet-based microfluidic device for photothermal therapy. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:52. [PMID: 34567663 PMCID: PMC8433304 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite their simplicity, monolayer cell cultures are not able to accurately predict drug behavior in vivo due to their inability to accurately mimic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In contrast, cell spheroids are able to reproduce these interactions and thus would be a viable tool for testing drug behavior. However, the generation of homogenous and reproducible cell spheroids on a large scale is a labor intensive and slow process compared to monolayer cell cultures. Here, we present a droplet-based microfluidic device for the automated, large-scale generation of homogenous cell spheroids in a uniform manner. Using the microfluidic system, the size of the spheroids can be tuned to between 100 and 130 μm with generation frequencies of 70 Hz. We demonstrated the photothermal therapy (PTT) application of brain tumor spheroids generated by the microfluidic device using a reduced graphene oxide-branched polyethyleneimine-polyethylene glycol (rGO-BPEI-PEG) nanocomposite as the PTT agent. Furthermore, we generated uniformly sized neural stem cell (NSC)-derived neurospheres in the droplet-based microfluidic device. We also confirmed that the neurites were regulated by neurotoxins. Therefore, this droplet-based microfluidic device could be a powerful tool for photothermal therapy and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Gyu Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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Doufène K, Tourné-Péteilh C, Etienne P, Aubert-Pouëssel A. Microfluidic Systems for Droplet Generation in Aqueous Continuous Phases: A Focus Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12597-12612. [PMID: 31461287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is one of the most fascinating fields that researchers have been trying to apply in a large number of scientific disciplines over the past two decades. Among them, the discipline of food and pharmaceutical formulation encountered several obstacles when combining microfluidics with aqueous media. Indeed, the physical properties of liquids at micrometric volumes being particular, the droplet generation within microfluidic devices is a big challenge to be met. This focus review is intended to be an initiation for those who would like to generate microdroplets in microfluidic systems involving aqueous continuous phases. It provides a state-of-the-art look at such systems while focusing on the microfluidic devices used, their applications to form a wide variety of emulsions and particles, and the key role held by the interface between the device channels and the emulsion. This review also leads to reflections on new materials that can be used in microfluidic systems with aqueous continuous phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koceïla Doufène
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM) , Univ Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier , France
| | - Corine Tourné-Péteilh
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM) , Univ Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier , France
| | - Pascal Etienne
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C) , Univ Montpellier , CNRS, Montpellier , France
| | - Anne Aubert-Pouëssel
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM) , Univ Montpellier , CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier , France
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Lagerman CE, López Acevedo SN, Fahad AS, Hailemariam AT, Madan B, DeKosky BJ. Ultrasonically-guided flow focusing generates precise emulsion droplets for high-throughput single cell analyses. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:226-233. [PMID: 30904454 PMCID: PMC6688500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion-based techniques have dramatically advanced our understanding of single-cell biology and complex single-cell features over the past two decades. Most approaches for precise single cell isolation rely on microfluidics, which has proven highly effective but requires substantial investment in equipment and expertise that can be difficult to access for researchers that specialize in other areas of bioengineering and molecular biotechnology. Inspired by the robust droplet generation technologies in modern flow cytometry instrumentation, here we established a new platform for high-throughput isolation of single cells within droplets of tunable sizes by combining flow focusing with ultrasonic vibration for rapid and effective droplet formation. Application of ultrasonic pressure waves to the flowing jet provided enhanced control of emulsion droplet size, permitting capture of 25,000 to 50,000 single cells per minute. As an example application, we applied this new droplet generation platform to sequence the antibody variable region heavy and light chain pairings (VH:VL) from large repertoires of single B cells. We demonstrated the recovery of > 40,000 paired CDRH3:CDRL3 antibody clusters from a single individual, validating that these droplet systems can enable the genetic analysis of very large single-cell populations. These accessible new technologies will allow rapid, large-scale, and precise single-cell analyses for a broad range of bioengineering and molecular biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton E Lagerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Sheila N López Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Ahmed S Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Amen T Hailemariam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA; Kansas Vaccine Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA.
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Pan D, Chen Q, Xu L, Yang C, Liu M, Huang W, Li B. Flow patterns of solid in water in oil (S/W/O) compound droplets formation in a microfluidic device with perpendicular shear. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sun L, Fan M, Li P, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Jiang W, Qian S, Sun G. Microbubble characteristic in a T-junction microchannel in microfluidic chip. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1572926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxu Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huadong Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinkai Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weikang Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Qian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Sun
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Zhu C, Du W, Liu C, Fu T, Ma Y, Li HZ. Formation dynamics of elastic droplets in a microfluidic T-junction. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sahore V, Doonan SR, Bailey RC. Droplet Microfluidics in Thermoplastics: Device Fabrication, Droplet Generation, and Content Manipulation using Integrated Electric and Magnetic Fields. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 10:4264-4274. [PMID: 30886651 PMCID: PMC6419776 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have developed droplet microfluidic devices in thermoplastics and demonstrated the integration of key functional components that not only facilitate droplet generation, but also include electric field-assisted reagent injection, droplet splitting, and magnetic field-assisted bead extraction. We manufactured devices in poly(methyl methacrylate) and cyclic olefin polymer using a hot-embossing procedure employing silicon masters fabricated via photolithography and deep reactive ion etching techniques. Device characterization showed robust fabrication with uniform feature transfer and good embossing yield. Channel modification with heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane increased device hydrophobicity, allowing stable generation of 330-pL aqueous droplets using T-junction configuration. Picoinjector and K-channel motifs were also both successfully integrated into the thermoplastic devices, allowing for robust control over electric field-assisted reagent injection, as well as droplet splitting with the K-channel. A magnetic field was also introduced to the K-channel geometry to allow for selective concentration of magnetic beads while decanting waste volume through droplet splitting. To show the ability to link multiple, modular features in a single thermoplastic device, we integrated droplet generation, reagent injection, and magnetic field-assisted droplet splitting on a single device, realizing a magnetic bead washing scheme to selectively exchange the fluid composition around the magnetic particles, analogous to the washing steps in many common biochemical assays. Finally, integrated devices were used to perform a proof-of-concept in-droplet β-galactosidase enzymatic assay combining enzyme-magnetic bead containing droplet generation, resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside substrate injection, enzyme-substrate reaction, and enzyme-magnetic bead washing. By integrating multiple droplet operations and actuation forces we have demonstrated the potential of thermoplastic droplet microfluidic devices for complex (bio)chemical analysis, and we envision a path toward mass fabrication of droplet microfluidic devices for a range of (bio)chemical applications.
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32
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Nazari M, Sani HM, Kayhani MH, Daghighi Y. DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIQUID FILM GROWTH IN A MICROCHANNEL: TWO-PHASE LATTICE BOLTZMANN STUDY. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180353s20160700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dressler O, Howes PD, Choo J, deMello AJ. Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Microfluidic Control. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10084-10091. [PMID: 31459137 PMCID: PMC6644574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an explosion in the application of microfluidic techniques to a wide variety of problems in the chemical and biological sciences. Despite the many considerable advantages that microfluidic systems bring to experimental science, microfluidic platforms often exhibit inconsistent system performance when operated over extended timescales. Such variations in performance are because of a multiplicity of factors, including microchannel fouling, substrate deformation, temperature and pressure fluctuations, and inherent manufacturing irregularities. The introduction and integration of advanced control algorithms in microfluidic platforms can help mitigate such inconsistencies, paving the way for robust and repeatable long-term experiments. Herein, two state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms, based on Deep Q-Networks and model-free episodic controllers, are applied to two experimental "challenges," involving both continuous-flow and segmented-flow microfluidic systems. The algorithms are able to attain superhuman performance in controlling and processing each experiment, highlighting the utility of novel control algorithms for automated high-throughput microfluidic experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
J. Dressler
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department
of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- E-mail: (A J.d.)
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34
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Xiong QQ, Chen Z, Li SW, Wang YD, Xu JH. Micro-PIV measurement and CFD simulation of flow field and swirling strength during droplet formation process in a coaxial microchannel. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Li L, Zhang J, Du C, Luo G. Determination of the Liquid/Liquid Mass Transfer Coefficient for Each Phase in Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liantang Li
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chencan Du
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kim DY, Jin SH, Jeong SG, Lee B, Kang KK, Lee CS. Microfluidic preparation of monodisperse polymeric microspheres coated with silica nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8525. [PMID: 29867182 PMCID: PMC5986865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles with highly controlled particle sizes in the micrometer range is a major challenge in many areas of research. Conventional methods are limited for nanometer-scale fabrication because of the difficulty in controlling the size. In this study, we present a microfluidic method for the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid microparticles with poly (1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate-co-trimethoxysillyl propyl methacrylate) (P (DDMA-co-TPM)) as the core and silica nanoparticles as the shell. In this approach, the droplet-based microfluidic method combined with in situ photopolymerization produces highly monodisperse organic microparticles of P (DDMA-co-TPM) in a simple manner, and the silica nanoparticles gradually grow on the surface of the microparticles prepared via hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a basic ammonium hydroxide medium without additional surface treatment. This approach leads to a reduction in the number of processes and allows drastically improved size uniformity compared to conventional methods. The morphology, composition, and structure of the hybrid microparticles are analyzed by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, EDS, and XPS, respectively. The results indicate the inorganic shell of the hybrid particles consists of SiO2 nanoparticles of approximately 60 nm. Finally, we experimentally describe the formation mechanism of a silica-coating layer on the organic surface of polymeric core particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyung Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Geun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ku Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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LASHKARIPOUR ALI, MEHRIZI ALIABOUEI, GOHARIMANESH MASOUD, RASOULI MOHAMMADREZA, BAZAZ SAJADRAZAVI. SIZE-CONTROLLED DROPLET GENERATION IN A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR RARE DNA AMPLIFICATION BY OPTIMIZING ITS EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Versatility and portability of microfluidic devices play a dominant role in their widespread use by researchers. Droplet-based microfluidic devices have been extensively used due to their precise control over sample volume, and ease of manipulating and addressing each droplet on demand. Droplet-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices are particularly desirable in single DNA amplification. If the droplets are small enough to contain only one DNA molecule, single molecule amplification becomes possible, which can be advantageous in several cases such as early cancer detection. In this work, flow-focusing microfluidic droplet generation’s parameters are numerically investigated and optimized for generating the smallest droplet possible, while considering fabrication limits. Taguchi design of experiment method is used to study the effects of key parameters in droplet generation. By exploiting this approach, a droplet with a radius of 111[Formula: see text]nm is generated using a 3[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m orifice. Since the governing physics of the droplet generation process is not totally understood yet, by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, a generalized linear model (GLM) is proposed to predict the droplet radius, given the values of eight major parameters affecting the droplet size. The proposed model shows a correlation of 95.3% and 64.95% for droplets of radius greater than and lower than 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, respectively. Finally, the source of this variation of behavior in different size scales is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- ALI LASHKARIPOUR
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - ALI ABOUEI MEHRIZI
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - MASOUD GOHARIMANESH
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - MOHAMMADREZA RASOULI
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - SAJAD RAZAVI BAZAZ
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
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39
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Formation mechanisms of solid in water in oil compound droplets in a horizontal T-junction device. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Tagavifar M, Xu K, Jang SH, Balhoff MT, Pope GA. Spontaneous and Flow-Driven Interfacial Phase Change: Dynamics of Microemulsion Formation at the Pore Scale. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13077-13086. [PMID: 29052996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of microemulsion-forming water-oil-amphiphiles mixtures is investigated in a 2.5D micromodel. The equilibrium phase behavior of such mixtures is well-understood in terms of macroscopic phase transitions. However, what is less understood and where experimental data are lacking is the coupling between the phase change and the bulk flow. Herein, we study the flow of an aqueous surfactant solution-oil mixture in porous media and analyze the dependence of phase formation and spatial phase configurations on the bulk flow rate. We find that a microemulsion forms instantaneously as a boundary layer at the initial surface of contact between the surfactant solution and oil. The boundary layer is temporally continuous because of the imposed convection. In addition to the imposed flow, we observe spontaneous pulsed Marangoni flows that drag the microemulsion and surfactant solution into the oil stream, forming large (macro)emulsion droplets. The formation of the microemulsion phase at the interface distinguishes the situation from that of the more common Marangoni flow with only two phases present. Additionally, an emulsion forms via liquid-liquid nucleation or the Ouzo effect (i.e., spontaneous emulsification) at low flow rates and via mechanical mixing at high flow rates. With regard to multiphase flow, contrary to the common belief that the microemulsion is the wetting liquid, we observe that the minor oil phase wets the solid surface. We show that a layered flow pattern is formed because of the out-of-equilibrium phase behavior at high volumetric flow rates (order of 2 m/day) where advection is much faster than the diffusive interfacial mass transfer and transverse mixing, which promote equilibrium behavior. At lower flow rates (order of 30 cm/day), however, the dynamic and equilibrium phase behaviors are well-correlated. These results clearly show that the phase change influences the macroscale flow behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tagavifar
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0300, Austin, Texas 78712-1585, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0300, Austin, Texas 78712-1585, United States
| | - Sung Hyun Jang
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0300, Austin, Texas 78712-1585, United States
| | - Matthew T Balhoff
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0300, Austin, Texas 78712-1585, United States
| | - Gary A Pope
- Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0300, Austin, Texas 78712-1585, United States
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Numerical and experimental study of oil-in-water (O/W) droplet formation in a co-flowing capillary device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingliang Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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Göke K, Lorenz T, Repanas A, Schneider F, Steiner D, Baumann K, Bunjes H, Dietzel A, Finke JH, Glasmacher B, Kwade A. Novel strategies for the formulation and processing of poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:40-56. [PMID: 28532676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low aqueous solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients presents a serious challenge in the development process of new drug products. This article provides an overview on some of the current approaches for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs with a special focus on strategies pursued at the Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering of the TU Braunschweig. These comprise formulation in lipid-based colloidal drug delivery systems and experimental as well as computational approaches towards the efficient identification of the most suitable carrier systems. For less lipophilic substances the preparation of drug nanoparticles by milling and precipitation is investigated for instance by means of microsystem-based manufacturing techniques and with special regard to the preparation of individualized dosage forms. Another option to overcome issues with poor drug solubility is the incorporation into nanospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lorenz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Alexandros Repanas
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Frederic Schneider
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Denise Steiner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Knut Baumann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan H Finke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Bodin-Thomazo N, Malloggi F, Guenoun P. Marker patterning: a spatially resolved method for tuning the wettability of PDMS. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05654k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a marker patterning method where a permanent ink is used as a masking layer. During plasma oxidation, the PDMS surfaces are protected leading to a simple and easy wettability patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Guenoun
- LIONS
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
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Zhu P, Wang L. Passive and active droplet generation with microfluidics: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:34-75. [PMID: 27841886 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise and effective control of droplet generation is critical for applications of droplet microfluidics ranging from materials synthesis to lab-on-a-chip systems. Methods for droplet generation can be either passive or active, where the former generates droplets without external actuation, and the latter makes use of additional energy input in promoting interfacial instabilities for droplet generation. A unified physical understanding of both passive and active droplet generation is beneficial for effectively developing new techniques meeting various demands arising from applications. Our review of passive approaches focuses on the characteristics and mechanisms of breakup modes of droplet generation occurring in microfluidic cross-flow, co-flow, flow-focusing, and step emulsification configurations. The review of active approaches covers the state-of-the-art techniques employing either external forces from electrical, magnetic and centrifugal fields or methods of modifying intrinsic properties of flows or fluids such as velocity, viscosity, interfacial tension, channel wettability, and fluid density, with a focus on their implementations and actuation mechanisms. Also included in this review is the contrast among different approaches of either passive or active nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. and HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. and HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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46
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Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive gelatin hydrogel microspheres in a microfluidic system. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Lan W, Wang C, Guo X, Li S, Luo G. Study on the transient interfacial tension in a microfluidic droplet formation coupling interphase mass transfer process. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Che Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum; Beijing 102249 China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Dept. of Chemical Engeering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- Dept. of Chemical Engeering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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48
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Muijlwijk K, Berton-Carabin C, Schroën K. Cross-flow microfluidic emulsification from a food perspective. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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49
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Numerical investigation on the velocity fields during droplet formation in a microfluidic T-junction. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Tsaoulidis D, Angeli P. Effect of channel size on liquid-liquid plug flow in small channels. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsaoulidis
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University College London; Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE U.K
| | - Panagiota Angeli
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University College London; Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE U.K
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