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Huang W, Zhang J, Fan J, Chen P, Zhou L, Zhang X. From Ancient Blue Pigment to Unconventional NIR Phosphor: A Thermal-Stable Near-Infrared I/II Broadband Emission from Ca 1-xSr xCuSi 4O 10 Solid Solution. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:812-823. [PMID: 38109652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphors used in NIR spectroscopy require broadband emission, high external quantum yield, good ability, as well as a tunable spectral range to meet the detection criteria. Two-dimensional copper silicates MCuSi4O10 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) play an important part in ancient art and technology as synthetic blue pigments. In the recent years, these compounds were reported to show a broad near-infrared emission when excited in the visible region. Inspired by the tunable structure of MCuSi4O10, a series of broadband phosphors Ca1-xSrxCuSi4O10 were designed for realizing continuously tunable NIR emission by a modulated Cu2+ crystal field environment. The emission maximum exhibits a red shift from 915 to 950 nm and the integral intensity enhances as the Sr2+ content varies in the range of 0-0.50, which is led by the lattice expansion and the following weakened crystal field splitting on tetrahedral-coordinated Cu2+. Compared to CaCuSi4O10, the optimized sample Ca0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 shows enhanced NIR emission by about 2.0-fold. It exhibits quite a high external quantum efficiency covering the NIR-I and -II regions (λmax = 950 nm, fwhm = 135 nm, EQE = 26.3%) with a strong absorption efficiency (74.7%) and a long excited-state lifetime (134 μs). These solid-solution phosphors (x = 0.0-0.5) show excellent thermal stability and maintain over 50% of the RT intensity at 200 °C. The optimized phosphor was encapsulated with red-light chips to fabricate NIR pc-LED and put into night-vision application. These good properties make these Cu2+-activated NIR phosphors appealing for multiple applications such as nondestructive testing, night version, lasers, and luminescent solar concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peican Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Hill B, Abraham S, Akhtar A, Selvaggio G, Tschulik K, Kruss S. Surfactant assisted exfoliation of near infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20916-20925. [PMID: 37441047 PMCID: PMC10334366 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorophores that emit light in the near infrared (NIR) are advantageous in photonics and imaging due to minimal light scattering, absorption, phototoxicity and autofluorescence in this spectral region. The layered silicate Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10) emits as a bulk material bright and stable fluorescence in the NIR and is a promising NIR fluorescent material for (bio)photonics. Here, we demonstrate a surfactant-based (mild) exfoliation procedure to produce nanosheets (EB-NS) of high monodispersity, heights down to 1 nm and diameters <20 nm in large quantities. The approach combines planetary ball milling, surfactant assisted bath sonication and centrifugation steps. It avoids the impurities that are typical for the harsh conditions of tip-sonication. Several solvents and surfactants were tested and we found the highest yield for sodium dodecyl benzyl sulfate (SDBS) and water. The NIR fluorescence emission (λem ≈ 930-940 nm) is not affected by this procedure, is extremely stable and is not affected by quenchers. This enables the use of EB-NS for macroscopic patterning/barcoding of materials in the NIR. In summary, we present a simple and mild route to NIR fluorescent nanosheets that promise high potential as NIR fluorophores for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Smitha Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anas Akhtar
- Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) 47057 Duisburg Germany
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Reggio D, Mirabile A, Lazzari M. Sensing soluble molecules through SERS substrates in one-step procedure: Unrevealing the Meiji woodblock printing materials. Talanta 2023; 254:124177. [PMID: 36565509 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive SERS substrates allowed us to detect complex mixtures of coloring components from Meiji Japanese woodblock prints (1868-1912). In museum settings, compositional analyses have limitations due to restrictions to sampling advised by conservators and curators for the adequate preservation of the objects. An additional layer of complexity is brought by the high heterogeneity of heritage materials, usually not resolved with commercial portable instruments. High-performance instruments for in situ analyses are seldom available in museums. Furthermore, the chambers of most instruments for morphological or chemical characterization accommodate small samples rather than large or medium-sized objects. The innovative sampling strategy herein proposed comprises the gentle touch-dry removal of small coloring molecules weakly bound to the surface of heritage objects, transferred through a silicone sampler to planar SERS substrates with selected solvents in a one-step procedure. The analytical protocol reduces the amount of sample necessary for reliable identification of color components down to nanograms. The selectivity of the solvents combined with the geometry of the planar SERS sensing devices produces reliable signals for molecular identification, with no need for incision or wetting of the printed material. Further, 3D Raman imaging allowed us to reach an unprecedented degree of molecular discrimination, advancing previously available minimally-invasive instrumental methods used in heritage science research. The validation with historical inks from Meiji woodblock prints led to the identification of soluble synthetic azo β-naphthols, barium sulfonic lakes, purple anilines, Prussian blue, glass arsenic sulfides and other traditional coloring media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reggio
- Instituto de Ciencias del Patrimonio (Incipit), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Rúa Jenaro de La Fuente S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - Massimo Lazzari
- Instituto de Ciencias del Patrimonio (Incipit), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Rúa Jenaro de La Fuente S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Pigments and Techniques of Hellenistic Apulian Tomb Painting. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031055. [PMID: 36770720 PMCID: PMC9921921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The wall paintings of five Hellenistic tombs in Apulia were analysed using a multi-technique approach to discern the painting techniques used and contextualise them within the phenomenon of Hellenistic tomb painting in Southern Italy. In particular, the question was asked whether technical knowledge played a role in the reception of Hellenistic artistic models and whether this knowledge was present locally. Raman and IR spectroscopies were used to identify pigments, colourants, and binders; light and electron microscopy were used to determine the structural characteristics of the paint layers and recognise the manufacturing technique. Analyses identified a fresco application for the Tomba dei Cavalieri (Arpi) and a dry application for the Canosian hypogea. The palette-typical for Hellenistic tomb painting in Southern Italy, Etruria and Macedonia-was composed of lime (white), charcoal (black), hematite (red), goethite (yellow), and Egyptian blue (blue). In the Tomba della Nike (Arpi), meanwhile, two particularly refined preparatory layers were observed. The palette was enriched with precious cinnabar and madder lake. The colouring components of the root were mixed with clay and K-alum applied on an additional layer of lime. The use of madder lake and a pink background link the painting to the polychrome Daunian pottery, and the contribution of a local workshop to the decoration of this tomb thus seems plausible.
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Selvaggio G, Kruss S. Preparation, properties and applications of near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9553-9575. [PMID: 35766334 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The layered silicates Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) are known as historic pigments, but they also possess novel optoelectronic properties with great potential for fundamental research and technology. They fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) range and can be exfoliated into two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (i.e. nanosheets, NS) which retain the photophysical properties of the bulk materials. These and other characteristics fuel the growing excitement of the scientific community about these materials. EB-, HB- and HP-NS have been used in various applications ranging from smart inks, energy storage, bioimaging, to phototherapy and more. In this review article, we report the fundamental properties of these low-dimensional silicate nanomaterials, discuss applications and outline perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Bochum University, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, 47057, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Duisburg, 47057, Germany
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Natarajan S, Sivakumar G. Structural evolution of transition metal orthoborates (Zn3B2O6 ‐ Co3B2O6) with the Kotoite mineral structure: Synthesis, structure and properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Natarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Framework Solids Laboratory Sir C.V. Raman avenue 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| | - Gurusamy Sivakumar
- Indian Institute of Science Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit 560012 Bangalore INDIA
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New insights to the interactions between amorphous georgite pigment and linseed oil binder that lead to a drastic color change. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhou X, Yang J, Zhu C, Han Y, Sun Z, Huang X, Cao L, Wang J, Fang Y, Wang K, Zou B, Li MR. Robust Yellow-Violet Pigments Tuned by Site-Selective Manganese Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11579-11590. [PMID: 34259522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of multifunctional inorganic pigments relies on the manipulation of ionic valence and local surroundings of a chromophore in structurally and chemically habitable hosts. To date, the development of environmentally benign and intense violet/purple pigments is still a challenge. Here we report a family of A3-xMnxTeO6 and A3-2xMnxLixTeO6 (A = Zn, Mg; x = 0.01-0.15) pigments colored by site-selective Mn2+O4 yellow and Mn3+O5-6 violet chromophores. Zn2.9Mn0.1TeO6 is intense bright yellow, comparable with commercial BiVO4, and has better near-infrared reflectivity (∼89%) in comparison to commercial TiO2. The codoped Li+ "activator" generates holes and charge-balanced Mn3+ (Mn3+O5-6), realizing a color transformation from yellow to the bright violet pigments of A3-2xMnxLixTeO6. The most vivid Mg2.8Mn0.1Li0.1TeO6 is probably the best violet pigment known to date, exhibits excellent chemical and thermodynamic stability, and demonstrates pressure-dependent stability up to 5-7 GPa, before a (reversible) phase transition to pink. Theoretical calculations revealed the correlation between site-preference occupancy and chromophore motifs and predicted a wide color gamut of pigments in Zn3TeO6-hosted 3d transition-metal ions other than manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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9
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Selvaggio G, Weitzel M, Oleksiievets N, Oswald TA, Nißler R, Mey I, Karius V, Enderlein J, Tsukanov R, Kruss S. Photophysical properties and fluorescence lifetime imaging of exfoliated near-infrared fluorescent silicate nanosheets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4541-4553. [PMID: 36133471 PMCID: PMC9419235 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The layered silicates Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10, EB), Han Blue (BaCuSi4O10, HB) and Han Purple (BaCuSi2O6, HP) emit as bulk materials bright and stable fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR), which is of high interest for (bio)photonics due to minimal scattering, absorption and phototoxicity in this spectral range. So far the optical properties of nanosheets (NS) of these silicates are poorly understood. Here, we exfoliate them into monodisperse nanosheets, report their physicochemical properties and use them for (bio)photonics. The approach uses ball milling followed by tip sonication and centrifugation steps to exfoliate the silicates into NS with lateral size and thickness down to ≈ 16-27 nm and 1-4 nm, respectively. They emit at ≈ 927 nm (EB-NS), 953 nm (HB-NS) and 924 nm (HP-NS), and single NS can be imaged in the NIR. The fluorescence lifetimes decrease from ≈ 30-100 μs (bulk) to 17 μs (EB-NS), 8 μs (HB-NS) and 7 μs (HP-NS), thus enabling lifetime-encoded multicolor imaging both on the microscopic and the macroscopic scale. Finally, remote imaging through tissue phantoms reveals the potential for bioimaging. In summary, we report a procedure to gain monodisperse NIR fluorescent silicate nanosheets, determine their size-dependent photophysical properties and showcase the potential for NIR photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Selvaggio
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Milan Weitzel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Nazar Oleksiievets
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Tabea A Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Robert Nißler
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Ingo Mey
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Volker Karius
- Department of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen Germany
| | - Roman Tsukanov
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry II, Bochum University Bochum 44801 Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Göttingen 37077 Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Duisburg 47057 Germany
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Sobik P, Jeremiasz O, Nowak P, Sala A, Pawłowski B, Kulesza-Matlak G, Sypień A, Drabczyk K. Towards Efficient Luminescent Solar Energy Concentrator Using Cuprorivaite Infrared Phosphor (CaCuSi 4O 10)-Effect of Dispersing Method on Photoluminescence Intensity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143952. [PMID: 34300871 PMCID: PMC8307361 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cuprorivaite, also known as Egyptian blue (EB), CaCuSi4O10, has been utilized as an important blue pigment for thousands of years. It shows a 430–800 nm broad excitation band and an intense 910–920 nm near-infrared (NIR) emission peak at room temperature. The application that motivates the current research is for luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) usage. Current technology for this purpose relies on high near-infrared reflectance. This article addresses the investigation of the relationship between dispersing methods and photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Mechanical grinding methods investigated in the study were: horizontal bead mill, exfoliation and three-roll mill. The initial aim of the study was to verify if the proposed methods do not damage PL. To the surprise of the authors, three-roll mill treatment enhanced PL by nearly 50% without altering the morphology of the powder. An X-ray diffraction study suggested slight alterations in the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sobik
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Olgierd Jeremiasz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Agata Sala
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Bartłomiej Pawłowski
- Helioenergia sp. z o.o., Rybnicka 68 Str., 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland; (P.N.); (A.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kulesza-Matlak
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Sypień
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Drabczyk
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (P.S.); (O.J.); (G.K.-M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Qin J, Liu Z, Ma M, Liu F, Qi ZM, Li Y. Structure and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Gillespite-Type ACuSi 4O 10 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) Ceramics and Quantitative Prediction of the Q × f Value via Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17817-17826. [PMID: 33835792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure and dielectric properties of gillespite-type ceramics ACuSi4O10 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) were investigated by crystal structure refinement, far-infrared reflectivity spectroscopy, and microwave dielectric measurements. A series of (CaxSr1-x)CuSi4O10 (0 < x < 1) ceramics with relative permittivities of 5.70-5.82, Q × f values of 20391-48794 GHz (@ ∼ 13.5 GHz), and τf of -46.3 to -38.9 ppm/°C were synthesized. By Ca2+ substitution for Sr2+ at the A-site, the rigid double-layered copper silicate framework remains stable, resulting in the nearly unchanged relative permittivity, while the [(Ca,Sr)O8] dodecahedron undergoes shrinkage and distortion, which is correlated to the changes in the Q × f and τf values. The normalized bond valence sums indicate that almost all ions are rattling, weakening the bond strengths and enlarging the molecular dielectric polarizability. The fitting of far-infrared reflectivity spectra reveals that the local structure changes suppress the intermediate and low-frequency vibrational modes significantly and improves the contribution from electronic polarization to permittivity. Symmetry breaking of the [(Ca,Sr)O8] dodecahedron conforms to the elevated restoring forces acting on the ions and improves the τf value. The large span in Q × f value may have intricate correlations to local structure changes and defects. Machine learning methods were introduced to explore the decisive structural factors for the Q × f value. A Q × f value prediction model correlated with the A-O2 bond length and the variance of A-O bond lengths was established. The Q × f values of isostructural (BaySr1-y)CuSi4O10 ceramics were predicted and verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingsheng Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Ze-Ming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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12
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Wang Y. The chromophore fading and spectroscopy analysis of lazurite in annealing treatment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119117. [PMID: 33160131 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing minerals play a key role in the sulfur cycle of the Earth's crust. However, there are few experimental studies and extrapolations on the stable existence and its conditions of polysulfides in the Earth's crust. Addressed this question, a mineral with sodalite group containing S3-, lazurite, was selected to be the research subject. Lazurite is a tectosilicate mineral with an incommensurately 3D modulated (ITM) structure. In this paper, lazurite powder and bulk samples were subjected to short-time (8 h), high-temperature (800℃) annealing experiments, and subsquently conducted the tests of FTIR, RAMAN, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and TG-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The identity of both the initial and annealed lazurite demonstrated that the silicate framework has a structural memory at certain temperatures. Also, the results indicated that the thermal behavior of lazurite with framework expansion, cell distortion, and reversion is about 550-650 ℃, 650-750 ℃, and below 450 ℃, respectively. With the increase in temperature, the framework expanded, and the cage clusters were reversibly distorted. Meanwhile, the chromophore S3- could be oxidized, and it faded following the framework shrinkage during the cooling process. Moreover, the reversible forced equilibrium of the ITM formation had a limit temperature indicating that the annealing treatment and spectroscopy analysis of lazurite blocks and samples might be used as a reference for temperature limitation markers in geological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Wang
- Gemological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Bhim A, Sutter J, Gopalakrishnan J, Natarajan S. Stuffed Tridymite Structures: Synthesis, Structure, Second Harmonic Generation, Optical, and Multiferroic Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:1995-2008. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bhim
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Jean‐Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chime de Coordination CNRS, Université de Toulouse 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse France
| | | | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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Egyptian Blue Pellets from the First Century BCE Workshop of Kos (Greece): Microanalytical Investigation by Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to expand our understanding of the processes involved in the production of the artificial pigment Egyptian blue through the scientific examination of pigments found in the first century BCE workshop of the Greek island of Kos. There, 136 Egyptian blue pellets were brought to light, including successfully produced pellets, as well as partially successful and unsuccessful products. This study is based on the examination of eighteen samples obtained from pellets of various textures and tones of blue, including light and dark blue pigments, coarse and fine-grained materials, and one unsuccessful pellet of dark green/grey colour. The samples were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. These complementary microanalytical techniques provide localised information about the chemical and mineralogical composition of this multicomponent material, at a single-grain level. The results shed light on the firing procedure and indicate possible sources for raw materials (beach sand, copper alloys), as well as demonstrating the use of a low-alkali starting mixture. Moreover, two different process for the production of light blue pigments were identified: (a) decreased firing time and (b) grinding of the initially produced pellet and mixing with cobalt-containing material.
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Seymour LM, Nicola M, Kessler MI, Yost CL, Bazzacco A, Marello A, Ferraris E, Gobetto R, Masic A. On the production of ancient Egyptian blue: Multi-modal characterization and micron-scale luminescence mapping. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242549. [PMID: 33232351 PMCID: PMC7685487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient pigment Egyptian blue has long been studied for its historical significance; however, recent work has shown that its unique visible induced luminescent property can be used both to identify the pigment and to inspire new materials with this characteristic. In this study, a multi-modal characterization approach is used to explore variations in ancient production of Egyptian blue from shabti statuettes found in the village of Deir el-Medina in Egypt (Luxor, West Bank) dating back to the New Kingdom (18th-20th Dynasties; about 1550–1077 BCE). Using quantitative SEM-EDS analysis, we identify two possible production groups of the Egyptian blue and demonstrate the presence of multiple phases within samples using cluster analysis and ternary diagram representations. Using both macro-scale non-invasive (X-rays fluorescence and multi-spectral imaging) and micro-sampling (SEM-EDS and Raman confocal microspectroscopy) techniques, we correlate photoluminescence and chemical composition of the ancient samples. We introduce Raman spectroscopic imaging as a means to capture simultaneously visible-induced luminesce and crystal structure and utilize it to identify two classes of luminescing and non-luminescing silicate phases in the pigment that may be connected to production technologies. The results presented here provide a new framework through which Egyptian blue can be studied and inform the design of new materials based on its luminescent property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Seymour
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Marco Nicola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Adamantio S.r.l, Torino, Italy
| | - Max I. Kessler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Claire L. Yost
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Bazzacco
- Multispectral Imaging Freelance; Adjunct Professor in Multispectral Analysis, SUSCOR, Università degli Studi di Torino, Venaria Reale (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Gobetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Loch P, Martin T, Grüner M, Kaupp G, Schwieger W, Breu J. Synthesis of Large Platelets of Egyptian Blue via Pseudomorphosis after NaRUB‐18. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Loch
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Thomas Martin
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Michael Grüner
- Eckart GmbH, ALTANA AG Günthersthal 4 91235 Velden Germany
| | - Günther Kaupp
- Eckart GmbH, ALTANA AG Günthersthal 4 91235 Velden Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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In-Depth Analysis of Egg-Tempera Paint Layers by Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of pictorial layers in paintings by means of linear optical techniques represents a challenge in the field of Cultural Heritage (CH). The presence of opaque and/or highly-scattering materials may obstruct the penetration of the radiation probe, thus impeding the visualization of the stratigraphy of paintings. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy (NLOM), which makes use of tightly-focused femtosecond pulsed lasers as illumination sources, is an emerging technique for the analysis of painted objects enabling micrometric three-dimensional (3D) resolution with good penetration capability in semi-transparent materials. In this work, we evaluated the potential of NLOM, specifically in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), to probe the stratigraphy of egg-tempera mock-up paintings. A multi-analytical non-invasive approach, involving ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, Vis-NIR photoluminescence, and Laser Induced Fluorescence, yielded key-information for the characterization of the constituting materials and for the interpretation of the nonlinear results. Furthermore, the use of three nonlinear optical systems allowed evaluation of the response of the analyzed paints to different excitation wavelengths and photon doses, which proved useful for the definition of the most suitable measurement conditions. The micrometric thickness of the paint layers, which was not measurable by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), was instead assessed by MPEF, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this nonlinear modality in probing highly-scattering media, while ensuring the minimal photochemical disturbance to the examined materials.
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Gambardella AA, Cotte M, de Nolf W, Schnetz K, Erdmann R, van Elsas R, Gonzalez V, Wallert A, Iedema PD, Eveno M, Keune K. Sulfur K-edge micro- and full-field XANES identify marker for preparation method of ultramarine pigment from lapis lazuli in historical paints. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8782. [PMID: 32494666 PMCID: PMC7195155 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultramarine blue pigment, one of the most valued natural artist's pigments, historically was prepared from lapis lazuli rock following various treatments; however, little is understood about why or how to distinguish such a posteriori on paintings. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge in microbeam and full-field modes (analyzed with nonnegative matrix factorization) is used to monitor the changes in the sulfur species within lazurite following one such historically relevant treatment: heating of lapis lazuli before extracting lazurite. Sulfur signatures in lazurite show dependence on the heat treatment of lapis lazuli from which it is derived. Peaks attributed to contributions from the trisulfur radical-responsible for the blue color of lazurite-increase in relative intensity with heat treatment paralleled by an intensified blue hue. Matching spectra were identified on lazurite particles from five historical paint samples, providing a marker for artists' pigments that had been extracted from heat-treated lapis lazuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa A. Gambardella
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Archeologie Moléculaire et Structurale, LAMS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wout de Nolf
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kokkie Schnetz
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Erdmann
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Conservation and Restoration, University of Amsterdam, Johannes Vermeerplein 1, 1071 DV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel van Elsas
- Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie Wallert
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Piet D. Iedema
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myriam Eveno
- Centre de Recherche et de Restauration de Musées de France (C2RMF), 14 Quai François Mitterrand, Palais du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech—CNRS, Institut de Recherche Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katrien Keune
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ormanci O. Non-destructive characterization of Egyptian Blue cakes and wall painting fragments from the east of Lake Van, Turkey. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117889. [PMID: 31843488 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of five Urartian blue cakes and two wall painting fragments, from excavations in different regions of the east of Lake Van, were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). All the studies were performed non-destructively considering the great archaeological importance of the samples. The results indicate the presence of Egyptian Blue, which is the first synthetic pigment, consists of crystals of calcium-copper tetrasilicate (cuprorivaite, CaCuSi4Ol0) along with unreacted quartz (SiO2) and in some cases. Comparison of the elemental compositions of the samples from Egypt and Mesopotamia suggests that EB cakes may be local products due to the presence of zinc. The absence of Sn on the other hand, indicates that the source of the copper may be a copper ore not bronze scrap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Ormanci
- Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, School of Conservation and Restoration of Movable Cultural Property, İstanbul, Turkey; Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Material Research Center for Cultural Property and Artworks, Cumhuriyet Mahallesi Silahşör Caddesi No:71, Bomonti/Şişli, 34380 İstanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Venuti V, Crupi V, Fazio B, Paladini G, La Russa MF, Ricca M, Rovella N, Macchia A, Khalilli F, Majolino D. Investigation of glazed pottery fragments (XIX century A. D.) from Agsu site (Azerbaijan) by XRF and Raman techniques. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a multi-technique analysis was performed on the decorated surfaces of four ancient pottery fragments dated back XIX century A.D. withdrawn from the archaeological site of the medieval Agsu town, in Azerbaijan. During the last decade, the site underwent to an extensively archaeometric investigation by means of different non-destructive, or micro-destructive, techniques. In this work we focused our attention on the characterization of the pigmenting agents and glazes at different spatial scales from elemental to microscopic domain by using portable and not-portable equipments. In particular, the elemental and molecular compositions were successfully determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. On one side, data deriving from portable instrument were compared with those previously obtained from not-portable approach, in view of future in situ investigations. On the other side, the overall obtained results appear crucial for the reconstruction of the production technology used by craftsman of the past.
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21
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Sanchez-Movellan I, Aramburu JA, Moreno M. Local structure and excitations in systems with CuF 64− units: lack of Jahn–Teller effect in the low symmetry compound Na 2CuF 4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7875-7887. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lack of a Jahn–Teller effect in Na2CuF4 is illustrated by the anisotropy of the Na2ZnF4 parent lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Sanchez-Movellan
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
| | - J. A. Aramburu
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
| | - M. Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad de Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
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22
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Hussein AM, Madkour FS, Afifi HM, Abdel-Ghani M, Abd Elfatah M. Comprehensive study of an ancient Egyptian foot case cartonnage using Raman, ESEM-EDS, XRD and FTIR. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 106:102987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2019.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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24
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Controllable synthesis of BaCuSi2O6 fine particles via a one-pot hydrothermal reaction with enhanced violet colour hue. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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New Insight into Hellenistic and Roman Cypriot Wall Paintings: An Exploration of Artists’ Materials, Production Technology, and Technical Style. ARTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/arts8020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A recent scientific investigation on Hellenistic and Roman wall paintings of funerary and domestic contexts from Nea (‘New’) Paphos, located in the southwest region of Cyprus, has revealed new information on the paintings’ constituent materials, their production technology and technical style of painting. Nea Paphos, founded in the late 4th century BC, became the capital of the island during the Hellenistic period (294–58 BC) and developed into a thriving economic center that continued through the Roman period (58 BC–330 AD). A systematic, analytical study of ancient Cypriot wall paintings, excavated from the wealthy residences of Nea Paphos and the surrounding necropoleis, combining complementary non-invasive, field-deployable characterization techniques, has expanded the scope of analysis, interpretation and access of these paintings. The results from in situ analyses, combining X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), forensic imaging in reflectance and luminescence, and digital photomicrography, were informative on the raw materials selection, application technique(s) and extent of paintings beyond the visible. Data collected through the integration of these techniques were able to: (1) show an intricate and rich palette of pigments consisting of local and foreign natural minerals and synthetic coloring compounds applied pure or in mixtures, in single or multiple layers; (2) identify and map the spatial distribution of Egyptian blue across the surface of the paintings, revealing the extent of imagery and reconstructing iconography that was no longer visible to the naked eye; and (3) visualize and validate the presence of Egyptian blue to delineate facial contours and flesh tone shading. This innovation and technical characteristic in the manner of painting facial outlines and constructing chiaroscuro provides a new insight into the artistic practices, inferring artists/or workshops’ organization in Cyprus during the Roman period.
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Bhim A, Zhang W, Halasyamani PS, Gopalakrishnan J, Natarajan S. New Members of SHG Active Dugganite Family, A3BC3D2O14 (A = Ba, Pb; B = Te, Sb; C = Al, Ga, Fe, Zn; D = Si, Ge, P, V): Synthesis, Structure, and Materials Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8560-8569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bhim
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore−560012, India
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204−5003, United States
| | - P. Shiv Halasyamani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204−5003, United States
| | | | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore−560012, India
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Abstract
We present a route to grow single crystals of Ba 0.9 Sr 0.1 CuSi 2 O 6 suitable for inelastic neutron studies via the floating zone technique. Neutron single crystal diffraction was utilized to check their bulk quality and orientation. Finally, the high quality of the grown crystals was proven by X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility.
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Li J, Subramanian M. Inorganic pigments with transition metal chromophores at trigonal bipyramidal coordination: Y(In,Mn)O3 blues and beyond. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hamed SAEKM, Ali Hassan RR. Microscopic characterization of acidic paper manuscripts. PIGMENT & RESIN TECHNOLOGY 2019; 48:119-128. [DOI: 10.1108/prt-05-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of acidity on the morphology of archeological paper, especially in the presence of colors and whether natural pigments play a role in the process of degradation.
Design/methodology/approach
The morphological changes in the cellulosic fibers of the manuscripts because of acidity were investigated using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Ten historical samples were collected from different manuscripts suffering from acidity. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the inks and pigments that were used in some samples. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to identify the binding medium.
Findings
The results confirmed that carbon ink, ultramarine, cinnabar and gold pigments were applied to some manuscripts with Arabic gum. As for ESEM investigation, the results proved that acidity badly affected the integrity of the cellulosic fibers resulting in their embrittlement. The micrographs showed differences in fiber degradation according to pH value. The presence of inks and pigments increased the degradation extent resulting from acidity.
Originality/value
This paper addresses a specific need to study the behavior of degradation in paper manuscripts, thus helping the conservators find solutions to the phenomenon.
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A pXRF In Situ Study of 16th–17th Century Fresco Paints from Sviyazhsk (Tatarstan Republic, Russian Federation). MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty frescoes from “The Assumption” Cathedral located in the island town of Sviyazhsk (Tatarstan Republic, Russian Federation)—dated back to the times of Tsar Ivan IV “the Terrible”—were chemically analyzed in situ with a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer. The investigation focused on identifying the pigments and their combinations in the paint recipes. One hundred ninety-three micropoints randomly chosen from the white, yellow, orange, pink, brown, red, grey, black, green, and blue areas were measured for major and minor elements. The compositional types separated within each color indicate different recipes. The statistical processing of the data unveiled the most important oxides (CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, PbO, SO3, Sb2O3, Al2O3, SiO2, and P2O5) and their relationships. The results allowed to infer the mineral composition of the paints, and, hence, the recipes used by the Russian artisans. Slaked lime and slaked dolomitic lime mixed with variable amounts of “antimony white” and “bone white” were used for white, pink, yellow, and orange paints and for preparing a basic batch for all other colors. Mostly yellow ochre, red ochre, and lead minerals, and occasionally blue ochre, green earth, realgar, orpiment, bone black, galena, stibnite, and magnetite were the pigments involved in various amounts in preparing the paints.
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Lu Y, Dong W, Wang W, Ding J, Wang Q, Hui A, Wang A. Optimal Synthesis of Environment-Friendly Iron Red Pigment from Natural Nanostructured Clay Minerals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E925. [PMID: 30413010 PMCID: PMC6266117 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of environment-friendly clay minerals-α-Fe₂O₃ iron-red hybrid pigments-were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal reaction process using natural nanostructured silicate clay minerals as starting materials. The influence of structure, morphology and composition of different clay minerals on the structure, color properties, and stability of the pigments was studied comparatively by systematic structure characterizations with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmittance electron microscope (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CIE-L*a*b* Colorimetric analyses. The results showed that the clay minerals act as green precipitants during the hydrothermal reaction to induce in-situ transformation of Fe(III) ions into Fe₂O₃ crystals. Meanwhile, they also act as the "micro-reactor" for forming Fe₂O₃ crystals and the supporter for inhibiting the aggregation of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The color properties of iron-red hybrid pigments are closely related to the surface charges, surface silanol groups, and solid acid sites of clay minerals. The clay minerals with higher surface activity are more suitable to prepare iron-red pigments with better performance. The iron-red hybrid pigment derived from illite (ILL) clay showed the best red color performance with the color values of L* = 31.8, a* = 35.2, b* = 27.1, C* = 44.4 and h° = 37.6, and exhibited excellent stability in different chemical environments such as acid, alkaline, and also in high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenkai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Aiping Hui
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi 211700, China.
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Abstract
AbstractAlthough the color violet is now used in a wide variety of everyday products, ranging from toys to clothing to cars, and although it now appears commonly in artistic works, violet was rarely used in fine art before the early 1860s. The color violet only became an integral part of modern culture and life with the rise of the French Impressionists. I investigated the use of violet in over 130,000 artworks prior to 1863 and found that it appeared in about .06 percent of the paintings. Violet was used substantially more frequently in Impressionist works, and remains popular in fine art and in popular culture today. I examine several explanations for the explosion of the use of violet in the art world during the Impressionist era, and conclude that a cognitive-perceptual explanation, based on the heightened sensitivity of the Impressionists to short wavelengths, may account for it. The findings fit with a new understanding about evolutionary changes in planetary light and human adaptation to light.
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Bhim A, Gopalakrishnan J, Natarajan S. Exploring the Corundum Structure as a Host for Colored Compounds – Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Studies of (MM′)
3
TeO
6
(M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; M′ = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu). Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bhim
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science 560012 Bangalore India
| | | | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science 560012 Bangalore India
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34
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Abstract
Empty spaces are abhorred by nature, which immediately rushes in to fill the void. Humans have learnt pretty well how to make ordered empty nanocontainers, and to get useful products out of them. When such an order is imparted to molecules, new properties may appear, often yielding advanced applications. This review illustrates how the organized void space inherently present in various materials: zeolites, clathrates, mesoporous silica/organosilica, and metal organic frameworks (MOF), for example, can be exploited to create confined, organized, and self-assembled supramolecular structures of low dimensionality. Features of the confining matrices relevant to organization are presented with special focus on molecular-level aspects. Selected examples of confined supramolecular assemblies - from small molecules to quantum dots or luminescent species - are aimed to show the complexity and potential of this approach. Natural confinement (minerals) and hyperconfinement (high pressure) provide further opportunities to understand and master the atomistic-level interactions governing supramolecular organization under nanospace restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 9 I-22100, Como, Italy
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35
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Jiang X, Ma Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang Z, Wang C, Yang Y. Raman analysis of cobalt blue pigment in blue and white porcelain: A reassessment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:61-67. [PMID: 28910712 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt blue is a famous pigment in human history. In the past decade it is widely reported that the cobalt aluminate has been detected in ancient ceramics as blue colorant in glaze, yet the acquired Raman spectra are incredibly different from that of synthesised references, necessitating a reassessment of such contradictory scenario with more accurate analytic strategies. In this study, micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in association with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were performed on under-glaze cobalt pigments from one submerged blue and white porcelain shard dated from Wanli reign (1573-1620CE) of Ming dynasty (1365-1644CE) excavated at Nan'ao I shipwreck off the southern coast of China. The micro-structural inspection reveals that the pigment particles have characteristics of small account, tiny size, heterogeneously distribution, and more importantly, been completely enwrapped by well-developed anorthite crystals in the glaze, indicating that the signals recorded in previous publications are probably not from cobalt pigments themselves but from outside thickset anorthite shell. The further spectromicroscopic analyses confirm this presumption when the accurate spectra of cobalt aluminate pigment and surrounding anorthite were obtained separately with precise optical positioning. Accordingly, we reassess and clarify the previous Raman studies dedicated to cobalt blue pigment in ancient ceramics, e.g. cobalt blue in celadon glaze, and in turn demonstrate the superiority and necessity of coupling spectroscopic analysis with corresponding structure observation, especially in the characterization of pigments from complicated physico-chemical environment like antiquities. Thus, this study promotes a better understanding of Raman spectroscopy study of cobalt blue pigments in art and archaeology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochenyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanying Ma
- Conservation Department, Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinglin Ma
- Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Changsui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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36
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Walter P, de Viguerie L. Materials science challenges in paintings. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:106-109. [PMID: 29358768 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Through the paintings of the old masters, we showcase how materials science today provides us with a vision of the processes involved in the creation of a work of art: the choice of materials, the painter's skill in handling these materials, and the perception of the finished work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Walter
- Laboratoire d'archéologie moléculaire et structurale (LAMS), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laurence de Viguerie
- Laboratoire d'archéologie moléculaire et structurale (LAMS), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Paris, France
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37
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Costa AL, Gomes AC, Pereira RC, Pillinger M, Gonçalves IS, Pineiro M, Seixas de Melo JS. Interactions and Supramolecular Organization of Sulfonated Indigo and Thioindigo Dyes in Layered Hydroxide Hosts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:453-464. [PMID: 29231742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecularly organized host-guest systems have been synthesized by intercalating water-soluble forms of indigo (indigo carmine, IC) and thioindigo (thioindigo-5,5'-disulfonate, TIS) in zinc-aluminum-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and zinc-layered hydroxide salts (LHSs) by coprecipitation routes. The colors of the isolated powders were dark blue for hybrids containing only IC, purplish blue or dark lilac for cointercalated samples containing both dyes, and ruby/wine for hybrids containing only TIS. The as-synthesized and thermally treated materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The basal spacings found for IC-LDH, TIS-LDH, IC-LHS, and TIS-LHS materials were 21.9, 21.05, 18.95, and 21.00 Å, respectively, with intermediate spacings being observed for the cointercalated samples that either decreased (LDHs) or increased (LHSs) with increasing TIS content. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies (steady-state and time-resolved) were used to probe the molecular distribution of the immobilized dyes. The presence of aggregates together with the monomer units is suggested for IC-LDH, whereas for TIS-LDH, IC-LHS, and TIS-LHS, the dyes are closer to the isolated situation. Accordingly, while emission from the powder H2TIS is strongly quenched, an increment in the emission of about 1 order of magnitude was observed for the TIS-LDH/LHS hybrids. Double-exponential fluorescence decays were obtained and associated with two monomer species interacting differently with cointercalated water molecules. The incorporation of both TIS and IC in the LDH and LHS hosts leads to an almost complete quenching of the fluorescence, pointing to a very efficient energy transfer process from (fluorescent) TIS to (nonfluorescent) IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Costa
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel S Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro , Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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38
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Yang SS, Yu HX, Wang ZZ, Liu HL, Zhang H, Yu X, Shang W, Chen GQ, Gu ZY. An Exfoliated 2D Egyptian Blue Nanosheet for Highly Selective Enrichment of Multi-phosphorylated Peptides in Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Chemistry 2017; 24:2109-2116. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zi-Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine; Nanjing University of, Chinese Medicine; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; 12 Xuefu Avenue Nanjing 210061 China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
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39
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Bhim A, Laha S, Gopalakrishnan J, Natarajan S. Color Tuning in Garnet Oxides: The Role of Tetrahedral Coordination Geometry for 3 d Metal Ions and Ligand-Metal Charge Transfer (Band-Gap Manipulation). Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2734-2743. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bhim
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
| | - Sourav Laha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
| | | | - Srinivasan Natarajan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
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40
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Ganio M, Pouyet ES, Webb SM, Schmidt Patterson CM, Walton MS. From lapis lazuli to ultramarine blue: investigating Cennino Cennini’s recipe using sulfur K-edge XANES. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As one of the most desired and expensive artists’ materials throughout history, there has long been interest in studying natural lapis lazuli. The traditional method of extracting the blue component, lazurite, from lapis lazuli, as outlined in Cennini’s Il Libro dell’Arte, involves a lengthy purification process: (1) finely grind the rock; (2) mix with pine rosin, gum mastic, and beeswax; (3) massage in water to collect the lazurite. Repeating the process produces several grades of the pigment, typically referred to as ultramarine blue. Here, we investigate the sulfur environment within the aluminosilicate framework of lazurite during its extraction from lapis lazuli. The sulfur XANES fingerprint from samples taken at the different stages in Cennini’s extraction method were examined. All spectra contain a strong absorption peak at 2483 eV, attributable to sulfate present in the lazurite structure. However, intensity variations appear in the broad envelope of peaks between 2470 and 2475 eV and the pre-peak at 2469.1 eV, indicating a variation in the content of trisulfur (S3
−˙) radicals. By studying the effect of each step of Cennini’s process, this study elucidates the changes occurring during the extraction and the variability within different grades of the precious coloring material. The increasing application of XANES to the study of artist’s materials and works of art motivated extending the research to assess the possibility of X-ray induced damage. Direct comparison of micro-focused and unfocused beam experiments suggests an increase of the S3
−˙ radicals with prolonged exposure. Analysis indicates that induced damage follows first-order kinetics, providing a first assessment on the acceptable amount of radiation exposure to define the optimal acquisition parameters to allow safe analyses of lapis lazuli and ultramarine pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ganio
- The Getty Conservation Institute , 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 700 , Los Angeles , CA 90049, USA
| | - Emeline S. Pouyet
- Center for Scientific Research in the Art, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd , Evanston , IL 60208, USA
| | - Samuel M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Marc S. Walton
- Center for Scientific Research in the Art, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Rd , Evanston , IL 60208, USA
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41
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Manfredi M, Barberis E, Aceto M, Marengo E. Non-invasive characterization of colorants by portable diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 181:171-179. [PMID: 28363162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last years the need for non-invasive and non-destructive analytical methods brought to the development and application of new instrumentation and analytical methods for the in-situ analysis of cultural heritage objects. In this work we present the application of a portable diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) method for the non-invasive characterization of colorants prepared according to ancient recipes and using egg white and Gum Arabic as binders. Approximately 50 colorants were analyzed with the DRIFT spectroscopy: we were able to identify and discriminate the most used yellow (i.e. yellow ochres, Lead-tin Yellow, Orpiment, etc.), red (i.e. red ochres, Hematite) and blue (i.e. Lapis Lazuli, Azurite, indigo) colorants, creating a complete DRIFT spectral library. The Principal Component Analysis-Discriminant Analysis (PCA-DA) was then employed for the colorants classification according to the chemical/mineralogical composition. The DRIFT analysis was also performed on a gouache painting of the artist Sutherland" and the colorants used by the painter were identified directly in-situ and in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy; ISALIT S.r.l., Via A. Canobio 4/6, Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy; ISALIT S.r.l., Via A. Canobio 4/6, Novara, NO, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Aceto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy
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42
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Gruber P, Marques MP, Sulzer P, Wohlgemuth R, Mayr T, Baganz F, Szita N. Real-time pH monitoring of industrially relevant enzymatic reactions in a microfluidic side-entry reactor (μSER) shows potential for pH control. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gruber
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
| | - Marco P.C. Marques
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
| | - Philipp Sulzer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Member of Merck Group; Sigma-Aldrich; Member of Merck Group; Buchs Switzerland
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Frank Baganz
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Graz Austria
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; University College London; Gordon Street London UK
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43
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Li J, Lorger S, Stalick JK, Sleight AW, Subramanian MA. From Serendipity to Rational Design: Tuning the Blue Trigonal Bipyramidal Mn 3+ Chromophore to Violet and Purple through Application of Chemical Pressure. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9798-9804. [PMID: 27622607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that an allowed d-d transition of trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) Mn3+ is responsible for the bright blue color in the YIn1-xMnxO3 solid solution. The crystal field splitting between a'(dz2) and e'(dx2-y2, dxy) energy levels is very sensitive to the apical Mn-O distance. We therefore applied chemical pressure to compress the apical Mn-O distance in YIn1-xMnxO3, move the allowed d-d transition to higher energy, and thereby tune the color from blue to violet/purple. This was accomplished by substituting smaller cations such as Ti4+/Zn2+ and Al3+ onto the TBP In/Mn site, which yielded novel violet/purple phases. The general formula is YIn1-x-2y-zMnxTiyZnyAlzO3 (x = 0.005-0.2, y = 0.1-0.4, and z ≤ 0.1), where the color darkens with the increasing amount of Mn. Higher y or small additions of Al provide a more reddish hue to the resulting purple colors. Substituting other rare earth cations for Y has little impact on color. Crystal structure analysis by neutron powder diffraction confirms a shorter apical Mn-O distance compared with that in the blue YIn1-xMnxO3. Magnetic susceptibility measurements verify the 3+ oxidation state for Mn. Diffuse reflection spectra were obtained over the wavelength region 200-2500 nm. All samples show excellent near-infrared reflectance comparable to that of commercial TiO2, making them ideal for cool pigment applications such as energy efficient roofs of buildings and cars where reducing solar heat to save energy is desired. In a comparison with commercial purple pigments, such as Co3(PO4)2, our pigments are much more thermally stable and chemically inert, and are neither toxic nor carcinogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Simon Lorger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Judith K Stalick
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Arthur W Sleight
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - M A Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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44
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Chen Y, Kan M, Sun Q, Jena P. Structure and Properties of Egyptian Blue Monolayer Family: XCuSi4O10 (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:399-405. [PMID: 26763651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the recent experimental advances in exfoliating Egyptian blue monolayers, we have carried out extensive calculations using density functional theory to understand their geometry, stability, mechanical properties, electronic structures, and magnetism. Upon exfoliation from the bulk, XCuSi4O10 (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba) monolayers are found to change symmetry from tetragonal to orthorhombic. They all satisfy Born criteria and are mechanically stable. Each Cu site carries a magnetic moment of 1.0 μB but with degenerate ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling states. From Ca to Sr and Ba, as the atomic number increases, the thickness, elastic constants, Young's moduli, and Poisson's ratios of the monolayers increase, while the band gaps decrease. Applying strain can tune the magnitude of energy band gaps, but the direct gap feature remains. Complementing the widely studied graphene, MXenes, black phosphorus, and dichalcogenide sheets, the Egyptian blue monolayers add additional features to the family of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Kan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology , Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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45
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Tamilarasan S, Laha S, Natarajan S, Gopalakrishnan J. Exploring the Colour of 3d Transition-Metal Ions in Trigonal Bipyramidal Coordination: Identification of Purple-Blue (CoO5) and Beige-Red (NiO5) Chromophores in LiMgBO3Host. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Johnson-McDaniel D, Comer S, Kolis JW, Salguero TT. Hydrothermal Formation of Calcium Copper Tetrasilicate. Chemistry 2015; 21:17560-4. [PMID: 26482329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first hydrothermal synthesis of CaCuSi4 O10 as micron-scale clusters of thin platelets, distinct from morphologies generated under salt-flux or solid-state conditions. The hydrothermal reaction conditions are surprisingly specific: too cold, and instead of CaCuSi4 O10 , a porous calcium copper silicate forms; too hot, and calcium silicate (CaSiO3 ) forms. The precursors also strongly impact the course of the reaction, with the most common side product being sodium copper silicate (Na2 CuSi4 O10 ). Optimized conditions for hydrothermal CaCuSi4 O10 formation from calcium chloride, copper(II) nitrate, sodium silicate, and ammonium hydroxide are 350 °C at 3000 psi for 72 h; at longer reaction times, competitive delamination and exfoliation causes crystal fragmentation. These results illustrate that CaCuSi4 O10 is an even more unique material than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrah Johnson-McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Sara Comer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634 (USA)
| | - Joseph W Kolis
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, SC 29634 (USA)
| | - Tina T Salguero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).
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47
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Identification of natural inorganic pigments used on 18th century Korean traditional mural paintings by using a portable X-ray fluorescence. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Li QH, Yang JC, Li L, Dong JQ, Zhao HX, Liu S. Identification of the man-made barium copper silicate pigments among some ancient Chinese artifacts through spectroscopic analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:609-616. [PMID: 25541398 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the complementary application of non-invasive micro-Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to the characterization of some ancient Chinese silicate artifacts. A total of 28 samples dated from fourth century BC to third century AD were analyzed. The results of chemical analysis showed that the vitreous PbO-BaO-SiO2 material was used to sinter these silicate artifacts. The barium copper silicate pigments including BaCuSi4O10, BaCuSi2O6 and BaCu2Si2O7 were widely identified from colorful areas of the samples by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, other crystalline phases such as Fe2O3, BaSi2O5, BaSO4, PbCO3 and quartz were also identified. The present study provides very valuable information to trace the technical evolution of man-made barium copper silicate pigments and their close relationship with the making of ancient PbO-BaO-SiO2 glaze and glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Li
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China.
| | - J C Yang
- Shaanxi Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Xi'an 710075, PR China
| | - L Li
- Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan 430077, PR China
| | - J Q Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - H X Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - S Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
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49
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Abstract
Maya blue is an ancient nanostructured pigment. The novelty of our approach is to functionalize geopolymers with a sepiolite-based hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite, inspired from Maya blue. The colored cold ceramic is acid- and UV-resistant.
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50
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Zhang Y, Fan L, Zhang J, Wang A. Water-dispersible and stable fluorescent Maya Blue-like pigments. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-dispersible and stable fluorescent Maya Blue-like pigments were prepared via the host–guest interaction between LAPONITE® RD and Pigment Red 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Fan
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
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