1
|
Watson J, Balmforth V, Gray E, Unthank MG. pH-Responsive, Thermoset Polymer Coatings for Active Protection against Aluminum Corrosion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:12986-12995. [PMID: 38426266 PMCID: PMC10941078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and use of multifunctional methacrylic monomers, which contain basic (amine) functional groups, including an example in which an acid-labile tert-butylcarbamate-protected glycine is used to form a novel methacrylic monomer. The "protected" amino acid-derived functional monomer (BOC-Gly-MA) is copolymerized with an epoxide functional methacrylic monomer (GMA), to deliver novel multifunctional polymers, which are processed into powder coatings and used to study filiform corrosion at the surface of an aluminum substrate. The BOC-Gly-MA-containing copolymers were shown to improve a coating's anticorrosion performance, presenting the lowest average filiform corrosion (FFC) track length, total FFC number, and total corroded surface area (CSA) of the coatings investigated. Further to this, a mode of action for the role of BOC-Gly functional polymers in corrosion protection is proposed, supported by both solution and polymer-aluminum interface studies, delivering new insights into the mode of action of pH-responsive polymer coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Watson
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Victoria Balmforth
- AkzoNobel,
Polymer Development Group, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Tyne & Wear NE10 0JY, U.K.
| | - Elaine Gray
- AkzoNobel,
Polymer Development Group, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Tyne & Wear NE10 0JY, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shafranska O, Sutton C, Kalita D, Kannaboina P, Tiwari S, Sibi MP, Webster DC. A Preliminary Study of Thermosets from Epoxy Resins Made Using Low-Toxicity Furan-Based Diols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2300665. [PMID: 38444218 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan-based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol-A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30-54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol-A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol-A epoxy resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shafranska
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Catherine Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Deep Kalita
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sandip Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mukund P Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schnabl KB, Mandemaker LDB, Ganjkhanlou Y, Vollmer I, Weckhuysen BM. Green Additives in Chitosan-based Bioplastic Films: Long-term Stability Assessment and Aging Effects. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301426. [PMID: 38373235 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Although biomass-based alternatives for the manufacturing of bioplastic films are an important aspect of a more sustainable future, their physicochemical properties need to be able to compete with the existing market to establish them as a viable alternative. One important factor that is often neglected is the long-term stability of renewables-based functional materials, as they should neither degrade after a day or week, nor last forever. One material showing high potential in this regard, also due to its intrinsic biodegradability and antibacterial properties, is chitosan, which can form stable, self-standing films. We previously showed that green additives introduce a broad tunability of the chitosan-based material properties. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability and related degradation processes of chitosan-based bioplastics by assessing their physicochemical properties over 400 days. It was found that the film properties change similarly for samples stored in the fridge (4 °C, dark) as at ambient conditions (20 °C, light/dark cycles of the day). Additives with high vapor pressure, such as glycerol, evaporate and degrade, causing both brittleness and discoloration. In contrast, films with the addition of crosslinking additives, such as citric acid, show high stability also over a long time, bearing great preconditions for practical applications. This knowledge serves as a stepping-stone to utilizing chitosan as an alternative material for renewable-resourced bioplastic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kordula B Schnabl
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D B Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yadolah Ganjkhanlou
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Vollmer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schnabl KB, Mandemaker LDB, Nierop KGJ, Deen OVB, Eefting DD, Vollmer I, Weckhuysen BM. Green Additives in Chitosan-Based Bioplastic Films: Physical, Mechanical, and Chemical Properties. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300585. [PMID: 37549200 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
To switch to alternatives for fossil-fuel-based polymer materials, renewable raw materials from green resources should be utilized. Chitosan is such a material that is a strong, but workable derivative from chitin, obtained from crustaceans. However, various applications ask for specific plastic properties, such as certain flexibility, hardness and transparency. With different additives, also obtainable from green resources, chitosan-based composites in the form of self-supporting films, ranging from very hard and brittle to soft and flexible were successfully produced. The additives turned out to belong to one of three categories, namely linear, non-linear, or crosslinking additives. The non-linear additives could only be taken up to a certain relative amount, whereas the uptake of linear additives was not limited within the range of our experiments. Additives with multiple functional groups tend to crosslink chitosan even at room temperature in an acidic medium. Finally, it was shown that dissolving the chitosan in acetic acid and subsequently drying the matrix as a film results in reacetylation compared to the starting chitosan source, resulting in a harder material. With these findings, it is possible to tune the properties of chitosan-based polymer materials, making a big step towards application of this renewable polymer within consumer goods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kordula B Schnabl
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D B Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas G J Nierop
- GeoLab, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier V B Deen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Desmond D Eefting
- GeoLab, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Vollmer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science and Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Litwinowicz M, Rogers S, Caruana A, Kinane C, Tellam J, Thompson R. Tuning the Bulk and Surface Properties of PDMS Networks through Cross-Linker and Surfactant Concentration. Macromolecules 2021; 54:9636-9648. [PMID: 34720190 PMCID: PMC8552438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The elastic modulus and hydrophilicity of cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are tunable via cross-linker concentration and the addition of a simple surfactant, C12E4, before curing. However, the surfactant concentration, [C12E4], reduces the elastic modulus (73% lower for 6.3% w/w) because it reduces the extent of curing. This is likely because the hygroscopic surfactant results in water poisoning of the catalyst. Three distinct time-dependent hydrophilicity profiles were identified using water contact angle analysis with [C12E4] determining which profile was observed. This indicates the concentration-dependent phase behavior of C12E4 within PDMS films. Changes in phase behavior were identified using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and a compatibility study. No surface excess or surface segregation of surfactant was observed at the PDMS-air interface. However, a surface excess revealed by neutron reflectivity against a D2O interface indicates that the increase in hydrophilicity results from the migration of C12E4 to the film interface when exposed to water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Rogers
- STFC
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Caruana
- STFC
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Christy Kinane
- STFC
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - James Tellam
- STFC
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gambardella AA, Cotte M, de Nolf W, Schnetz K, Erdmann R, van Elsas R, Gonzalez V, Wallert A, Iedema PD, Eveno M, Keune K. Sulfur K-edge micro- and full-field XANES identify marker for preparation method of ultramarine pigment from lapis lazuli in historical paints. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay8782. [PMID: 32494666 PMCID: PMC7195155 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultramarine blue pigment, one of the most valued natural artist's pigments, historically was prepared from lapis lazuli rock following various treatments; however, little is understood about why or how to distinguish such a posteriori on paintings. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge in microbeam and full-field modes (analyzed with nonnegative matrix factorization) is used to monitor the changes in the sulfur species within lazurite following one such historically relevant treatment: heating of lapis lazuli before extracting lazurite. Sulfur signatures in lazurite show dependence on the heat treatment of lapis lazuli from which it is derived. Peaks attributed to contributions from the trisulfur radical-responsible for the blue color of lazurite-increase in relative intensity with heat treatment paralleled by an intensified blue hue. Matching spectra were identified on lazurite particles from five historical paint samples, providing a marker for artists' pigments that had been extracted from heat-treated lapis lazuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessa A. Gambardella
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Archeologie Moléculaire et Structurale, LAMS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wout de Nolf
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kokkie Schnetz
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Erdmann
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Conservation and Restoration, University of Amsterdam, Johannes Vermeerplein 1, 1071 DV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel van Elsas
- Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie Wallert
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Piet D. Iedema
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Myriam Eveno
- Centre de Recherche et de Restauration de Musées de France (C2RMF), 14 Quai François Mitterrand, Palais du Louvre, 75001 Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech—CNRS, Institut de Recherche Chimie Paris, UMR8247, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katrien Keune
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Science, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skartlien R, Simon S, Sjöblom J. Electrocoalescence of water in oil emulsions: a DPD simulation study and a novel application of electroporation theory. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34172-34183. [PMID: 35529983 PMCID: PMC9073912 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore formation in a surfactant laden oil film between two aqueous electrolyte layers in a DC field was studied using DPD (Dissipative Particle Dynamics molecular simulation). This setting represents the final stage of an electro-coalescence process between water droplets in oil, where the oil film has drained out to nanometer thickness. We introduce a novel model for the coalescence probability based on electroporation theory for lipid bilayers, and an equation for a threshold electric potential above which coalescence is highly probable. Excess electric forcing (pinching) of the oil film occurred locally due to charge density fluctuations in the electrolyte, and this could lead to the formation of unstable, expanding pores and coalescence between the aqueous domains. Such unstable pores can form at lower electric potentials when the cohesive energy in the surfactant layer (primarily line tension) is lowered by adding demulsifier, or when demulsifier causes a morphology change in the surfactant layers with local areas that have lower surfactant density. In conclusion, higher ion concentrations in the electrolyte, higher electric field strength, and lower cohesive energy in the surfactant layer increased the coalescence probability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roar Skartlien
- Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) P.O. Box 40 N-2027 Kjeller Norway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ugelstad Laboratory, NTNU N-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Sebastien Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ugelstad Laboratory, NTNU N-7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Johan Sjöblom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ugelstad Laboratory, NTNU N-7491 Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jonauskaite D, Wicker J, Mohr C, Dael N, Havelka J, Papadatou-Pastou M, Zhang M, Oberfeld D. A machine learning approach to quantify the specificity of colour-emotion associations and their cultural differences. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190741. [PMID: 31598303 PMCID: PMC6774957 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The link between colour and emotion and its possible similarity across cultures are questions that have not been fully resolved. Online, 711 participants from China, Germany, Greece and the UK associated 12 colour terms with 20 discrete emotion terms in their native languages. We propose a machine learning approach to quantify (a) the consistency and specificity of colour-emotion associations and (b) the degree to which they are country-specific, on the basis of the accuracy of a statistical classifier in (a) decoding the colour term evaluated on a given trial from the 20 ratings of colour-emotion associations and (b) predicting the country of origin from the 240 individual colour-emotion associations, respectively. The classifier accuracies were significantly above chance level, demonstrating that emotion associations are to some extent colour-specific and that colour-emotion associations are to some extent country-specific. A second measure of country-specificity, the in-group advantage of the colour-decoding accuracy, was detectable but relatively small (6.1%), indicating that colour-emotion associations are both universal and culture-specific. Our results show that machine learning is a promising tool when analysing complex datasets from emotion research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Wicker
- School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nele Dael
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Oberfeld
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
- Laboratoire ICube UMR7357 Université de Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mehravar E, Gross MA, Leal GP, Reck B, Leiza JR, Asua JM. Phase Separation Driven On-Demand Debondable Waterborne Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E975. [PMID: 30960900 PMCID: PMC6403930 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A waterborne pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) that shows high adhesive performance and easy debondability on demand without leaving residues on the substrate (adhesive failure) has been developed. A key component of the PSA is a semicrystalline phase that is beneficial for the adhesive properties and that becomes fluid when heated above the melting temperature. Migration of this liquid-like polymer to the substrate-adhesive interface and hardening upon cooling results in a hard non-tacky interface that facilitates debonding. The effect of the particle morphology on the debonding ability is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mehravar
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Michael A Gross
- BASF SE, Dispersions & Colloidal Materials GMD-B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Gracia Patricia Leal
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Bernd Reck
- BASF SE, Dispersions & Colloidal Materials GMD-B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Jose R Leiza
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - José M Asua
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|