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Watson J, Balmforth V, Gray E, Unthank MG. pH-Responsive, Thermoset Polymer Coatings for Active Protection against Aluminum Corrosion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:12986-12995. [PMID: 38426266 PMCID: PMC10941078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and use of multifunctional methacrylic monomers, which contain basic (amine) functional groups, including an example in which an acid-labile tert-butylcarbamate-protected glycine is used to form a novel methacrylic monomer. The "protected" amino acid-derived functional monomer (BOC-Gly-MA) is copolymerized with an epoxide functional methacrylic monomer (GMA), to deliver novel multifunctional polymers, which are processed into powder coatings and used to study filiform corrosion at the surface of an aluminum substrate. The BOC-Gly-MA-containing copolymers were shown to improve a coating's anticorrosion performance, presenting the lowest average filiform corrosion (FFC) track length, total FFC number, and total corroded surface area (CSA) of the coatings investigated. Further to this, a mode of action for the role of BOC-Gly functional polymers in corrosion protection is proposed, supported by both solution and polymer-aluminum interface studies, delivering new insights into the mode of action of pH-responsive polymer coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Watson
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Victoria Balmforth
- AkzoNobel,
Polymer Development Group, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Tyne & Wear NE10 0JY, U.K.
| | - Elaine Gray
- AkzoNobel,
Polymer Development Group, Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Tyne & Wear NE10 0JY, U.K.
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2
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Rivero-Ramos P, Unthank MG, Sanz T, Rodrigo MD, Benlloch-Tinoco M. Synergistic depolymerisation of alginate and chitosan by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) treatment in the presence of H 2O 2. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120999. [PMID: 37321720 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physically-induced depolymerisation procedures are often preferred for obtaining alginate and chitosan oligosaccharides as they either do not use or make minimal use of additional chemicals; therefore, separation of the final products is facile. In this work, solutions of three types of alginate with different mannuronic and guluronic acid residues ratio (M/G ratio) and molecular weights (Mw) and one type of chitosan were non-thermally processed by applying high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) up to 500 MPa (20 min) or pulsed electric fields (PEF) up to 25 kV cm-1 (4000 μm) in the absence or presence of 3 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The impact on the physicochemical properties of alginate and chitosan was investigated by rheology, GPC, XRD, FTIR, and 1H NMR. In the rheological investigations, the apparent viscosities of all samples decreased with increasing shear rate, indicating a non-Newtonian shear-thinning behaviour. GPC results reported Mw reductions that ranged between 8 and 96 % for all treatments. NMR results revealed that HHP and PEF treatment predominantly reduced the M/G ratio of alginate and the degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitosan, whilst H2O2 promoted an increase in the M/G ratio in alginate and DDA of chitosan. Overall, the present investigation has demonstrated the feasibility of HHP and PEF for rapidly producing alginate and chitosan oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rivero-Ramos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew G Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa Sanz
- Department of Food Safety and Preservation, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Rodrigo
- Department of Food Safety and Preservation, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria Benlloch-Tinoco
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, United Kingdom.
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3
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Anderson L, Sanders EW, Unthank MG. Recyclable thermosets based on modified epoxy-amine network polymers. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:889-898. [PMID: 36537891 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of high performance, recyclable thermoset materials for applications in plastics, composites, coatings and adhesives requires a synthetic approach where recyclability is designed into the molecular structure of the material. This paper describes a single stage process for the creation of materials from simple, low-cost molecular building blocks, where the polymerisation of liquid epoxy resins and aliphatic amines in the presence of an n-butyl diboronic ester, delivers epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane materials with tunable physical properties including glass transition temperature (Tg). Mechanical (thermal) recycling and reprocessing of the epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane thermoset is demonstrated, with retention of Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Most notably, an efficient and low-cost process for the chemical recycling, disassembly and dissolution of the thermoset is demonstrated via two complementary processes using either pinacol (diol) or mono-functional phenylboronic ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Anderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Edward W Sanders
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Matthew G Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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In-na P, Sharp EB, Caldwell GS, Unthank MG, Perry JJ, Lee JGM. Engineered living photosynthetic biocomposites for intensified biological carbon capture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18735. [PMID: 36333406 PMCID: PMC9636219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage is required to meet Paris Agreement targets. Photosynthesis is nature's carbon capture technology. Drawing inspiration from lichen, we engineered 3D photosynthetic cyanobacterial biocomposites (i.e., lichen mimics) using acrylic latex polymers applied to loofah sponge. Biocomposites had CO2 uptake rates of 1.57 ± 0.08 g CO2 g-1biomass d-1. Uptake rates were based on the dry biomass at the start of the trial and incorporate the CO2 used to grow new biomass as well as that contained in storage compounds such as carbohydrates. These uptake rates represent 14-20-fold improvements over suspension controls, potentially scaling to capture 570 tCO2 t-1biomass yr-1, with an equivalent land consumption of 5.5-8.17 × 106 ha, delivering annualized CO2 removal of 8-12 GtCO2, compared with 0.4-1.2 × 109 ha for forestry-based bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. The biocomposites remained functional for 12 weeks without additional nutrient or water supplementation, whereupon experiments were terminated. Engineered and optimized cyanobacteria biocomposites have potential for sustainable scalable deployment as part of humanity's multifaceted technological stand against climate change, offering enhanced CO2 removal with low water, nutrient, and land use penalties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya In-na
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Present Address: Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elliot B. Sharp
- grid.42629.3b0000000121965555Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Gary S. Caldwell
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Matthew G. Unthank
- grid.42629.3b0000000121965555Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Justin J. Perry
- grid.42629.3b0000000121965555Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Jonathan G. M. Lee
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Merz Court, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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Dawson F, Yew WC, Orme B, Markwell C, Ledesma-Aguilar R, Perry JJ, Shortman IM, Smith D, Torun H, Wells G, Unthank MG. Self-Assembled, Hierarchical Structured Surfaces for Applications in (Super)hydrophobic Antiviral Coatings. Langmuir 2022; 38:10632-10641. [PMID: 35977085 PMCID: PMC9434993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A versatile method for the creation of multitier hierarchical structured surfaces is reported, which optimizes both antiviral and hydrophobic (easy-clean) properties. The methodology exploits the availability of surface-active chemical groups while also manipulating both the surface micro- and nanostructure to control the way the surface coating interacts with virus particles within a liquid droplet. This methodology has significant advantages over single-tier structured surfaces, including the ability to overcome the droplet-pinning effect and in delivering surfaces with high static contact angles (>130°) and good antiviral efficacy (log kill >2). In addition, the methodology highlights a valuable approach for the creation of mechanically robust, nanostructured surfaces which can be prepared by spray application using nonspecialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Dawson
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Wen C. Yew
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Bethany Orme
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | | | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar
- Institute
for Multiscale Thermofluids (IMT), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland, U.K.
| | | | - Ian M. Shortman
- Defence
Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, U.K.
| | - Darren Smith
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Northumbria
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Gary Wells
- Institute
for Multiscale Thermofluids (IMT), School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland, U.K.
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Hargreaves G, Buttress A, Dimitrakis G, Dodds C, Martin-Tanchereau P, Unthank MG, Irvine DJ. The importance of ionic conduction in microwave heated polyesterifications. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Significant increases in the reaction rate and final conversion of a model polyesterification are reported by the use of microwave heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hargreaves
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Adam Buttress
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Georgios Dimitrakis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Christopher Dodds
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | | | - Derek J. Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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Unthank MG, Cameron C, Wright A, Hughes D, Alam MA, Probert MR. Amino-diol borate complexation for controlling transport phenomena of penetrant molecules into polymeric matrices. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00780f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new type of epoxy-amine-borate (EAB) hybrid material is reported for control of penetrant solvent molecules into cross-linked polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences
- Northumbria University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael R. Probert
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- Bedson Building
- Newcastle University
- UK
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Fritz SP, Ali Z, Unthank MG, McGarrigle EM, Aggarwal VK. (2-Bromoethyl)sulfonium Trifluoromethanesulfonates in Stereoselective Annulation Reactions for the Formation of Fused Bicyclic Epoxides and Aziridines. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Pennell MN, Unthank MG, Turner P, Sheppard TD. A General Procedure for the Synthesis of Enones via Gold-Catalyzed Meyer−Schuster Rearrangement of Propargylic Alcohols at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1479-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102263t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Pennell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Matthew G. Unthank
- GlaxoSmithKline R & D Limited, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter Turner
- GlaxoSmithKline R & D Limited, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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10
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Yar M, Unthank MG, McGarrigle EM, Aggarwal VK. Remote chiral induction in vinyl sulfonium salt-mediated ring expansion of hemiaminals into epoxide-fused azepines. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:372-5. [PMID: 21254413 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yar
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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11
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Aggarwal VK, Barbero N, McGarrigle EM, Mickle G, Navas R, Suárez JR, Unthank MG, Yar M. The fate of the tert-butylsulfinyl auxiliary after acid-promoted cleavage—a method for recycling t-BuSONH2. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Unthank MG, Tavassoli B, Aggarwal VK. Epoxy-Annulations by Reactions of α-Amido Ketones with Vinyl Sulfonium Salts. Reagent versus Substrate Control and Kinetic Resolution. Org Lett 2008; 10:1501-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Unthank
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9AN United Kingdom
| | - Bahareh Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9AN United Kingdom
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom and GlaxoSmithKline, Old Powder Mills, Tonbridge, Kent, TN11 9AN United Kingdom
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Aggarwal VK, Fang G, Kokotos CG, Richardson J, Unthank MG. A practical synthesis of a [2.2.1] bicyclic chiral sulfide for asymmetric transformations. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Unthank MG, Hussain N, Aggarwal VK. The Use of Vinyl Sulfonium Salts in the Stereocontrolled Asymmetric Synthesis of Epoxide- and Aziridine-Fused Heterocycles: Application to the Synthesis of (−)-Balanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Unthank MG, Hussain N, Aggarwal VK. The Use of Vinyl Sulfonium Salts in the Stereocontrolled Asymmetric Synthesis of Epoxide- and Aziridine-Fused Heterocycles: Application to the Synthesis of (−)-Balanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7066-9. [PMID: 17009383 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Unthank
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
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