1
|
Hu H, Yang C, Li M, Shao D, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Flash Technology-Based Self-Assembly in Nanoformulation: From Fabrication to Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 42:99-116. [PMID: 34421329 PMCID: PMC8375602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanoformulation have driven progress in biomedicine by producing nanoscale tools for biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Flash-based technology, the combination of rapid mixing technique with the self-assembly of macromolecules, is a new engine for the translational nanomedicine. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in flash-based self-assembly including theoretical and experimental principles, mixing device design, and applications. We highlight the fields of flash nanocomplexation (FNC) and flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), with an emphasis on biomedical applications of FNC, and discuss challenges and future directions for flash-based nanoformulation in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kohri M, Yanagimoto K, Kawamura A, Hamada K, Imai Y, Watanabe T, Ono T, Taniguchi T, Kishikawa K. Polydopamine-Based 3D Colloidal Photonic Materials: Structural Color Balls and Fibers from Melanin-Like Particles with Polydopamine Shell Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7640-7648. [PMID: 28661653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nature creates beautiful structural colors, and some of these colors are produced by nanostructural arrays of melanin. Polydopamine (PDA), an artificial black polymer produced by self-oxidative polymerization of dopamine, has attracted extensive attention because of its unique properties. PDA is a melanin-like material, and recent studies have reported that photonic materials based on PDA particles showed structural colors by enhancing color saturation through the absorption of scattered light. Herein, we describe the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) colloidal photonic materials, such as structural color balls and fibers, from biomimetic core-shell particles with melanin-like PDA shell layers. Structural color balls were prepared through the combined use of membrane emulsion and heating. We also demonstrated the use of microfluidic emulsification and solvent diffusion for the fabrication of structural color fibers. The obtained 3D colloidal materials, i.e., balls and fibers, exhibited angle-independent structural colors due to the amorphous assembly of PDA-containing particles. These findings provide new insight for the development of dye-free technology for the coloration of various 3D colloidal architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Kenshi Yanagimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Ayaka Kawamura
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamada
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Takaichi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ward K, Fan ZH. Mixing in microfluidic devices and enhancement methods. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2015; 25:094001. [PMID: 26549938 PMCID: PMC4634658 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/25/9/094001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mixing in microfluidic devices presents a challenge due to laminar flows in microchannels, which result from low Reynolds numbers determined by the channel's hydraulic diameter, flow velocity, and solution's kinetic viscosity. To address this challenge, novel methods of mixing enhancement within microfluidic devices have been explored for a variety of applications. Passive mixing methods have been created, including those using ridges or slanted wells within the microchannels, as well as their variations with improved performance by varying geometry and patterns, by changing the properties of channel surfaces, and by optimization via simulations. In addition, active mixing methods including microstirrers, acoustic mixers, and flow pulsation have been investigated and integrated into microfluidic devices to enhance mixing in a more controllable manner. In general, passive mixers are easy to integrate, but difficult to control externally by users after fabrication. Active mixers usually take efforts to integrate within a device and they require external components (e.g. power sources) to operate. However, they can be controlled by users to a certain degree for tuned mixing. In this article, we provide a general overview of a number of passive and active mixers, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and make suggestions on choosing a mixing method for a specific need as well as advocate possible integration of key elements of passive and active mixers to harness the advantages of both types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2023, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–6250, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–6131, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su Y, Chen G, Kenig EY. An experimental study on the numbering-up of microchannels for liquid mixing. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:179-87. [PMID: 25337910 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00987h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The numbering-up of zigzag-form microchannels for liquid mixing was experimentally investigated in a multichannel micromixer including 8 parallel channels, based on the Villermaux-Dushman reaction system, with an appropriate sulphuric acid concentration. The results showed that the micromixing performance in such micromixers could reach the same quality as in a single microchannel, when flat constructal distributors with bifurcation configurations were used. The mixing performance did not depend on whether a vertical or horizontal micromixer position was selected. Surprisingly, the channel blockage somewhat increased the micromixing performance in the multichannel micromixer due to the fluid redistribution effect of the constructal distributors. This effect could also be confirmed by CFD simulations. However, the channel blockage resulted in a higher pressure drop and thus higher specific energy dissipation in the multichannel micromixer. The local pressure drop caused by fluid splitting and re-combination in the numbering-up technique could be neglected at low Reynolds numbers, but it became larger with increasing flow rates. The operational zone for the mixing process in multichannel micromixers was sub-divided into two parts according to the specific energy dissipation and the mixing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Su
- Chair of Fluid Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Paderborn, D-33098, Paderborn, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badhe Y, Balasubramanian K, Singh M, Aswathy A. Nano-engineered hybrid hydroxyapatite-grafted biocomposites for Euspria pulchella mimicking through chaotic flow regimes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14792h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study speculates a successful attempt towards mimicking the shell of Euspria pulchella, a marine gastropod mollusc, by PVA-surface treated HA composites using chaotic reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutika Badhe
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune 411025
- India
| | - K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
- Ministry of Defence
- Pune 411025
- India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Nanotechnology
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University
- Fatehgarh Sahib
- India
| | - A. Aswathy
- Centre for Biopolymer Science and Technology (A unit of CIPET)
- India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bockelmann H, Heuveline V, Barz DPJ. Optimization of an electrokinetic mixer for microfluidic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:24123-2412318. [PMID: 22712034 PMCID: PMC3371071 DOI: 10.1063/1.4722000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work is concerned with the investigation of the concentration fields in an electrokinetic micromixer and its optimization in order to achieve high mixing rates. The mixing concept is based on the combination of an alternating electrical excitation applied to a pressure-driven base flow in a meandering microchannel geometry. The electrical excitation induces a secondary electrokinetic velocity component, which results in a complex flow field within the meander bends. A mathematical model describing the physicochemical phenomena present within the micromixer is implemented in an in-house finite-element-method code. We first perform simulations comparable to experiments concerned with the investigation of the flow field in the bends. The comparison of the complex flow topology found in simulation and experiment reveals excellent agreement. Hence, the validated model and numerical schemes are employed for a numerical optimization of the micromixer performance. In detail, we optimize the secondary electrokinetic flow by finding the best electrical excitation parameters, i.e., frequency and amplitude, for a given waveform. Two optimized electrical excitations featuring a discrete and a continuous waveform are discussed with respect to characteristic time scales of our mixing problem. The results demonstrate that the micromixer is able to achieve high mixing degrees very rapidly.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sin MLY, Liu T, Pyne JD, Gau V, Liao JC, Kin Wong P. In situ electrokinetic enhancement for self-assembled-monolayer-based electrochemical biosensing. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2702-7. [PMID: 22397486 PMCID: PMC4069200 DOI: 10.1021/ac203245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a multifunctional electrode approach which directly implements electrokinetic enhancement on a self-assembled-monolayer-based electrochemical sensor for point-of-care diagnostics. Using urinary tract infections as a model system, we demonstrate that electrokinetic enhancement, which involves in situ stirring and heating, can enhance the sensitivity of the strain specific 16S rRNA hybridization assay for 1 order of magnitude and accelerate the time-limiting incubation step with a 6-fold reduction in the incubation time. Since the same electrode platform is used for both electrochemical signal enhancement and electrochemical sensing, the multifunctional electrode approach provides a highly effective strategy toward fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems for various biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L. Y. Sin
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Pyne
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Vincent Gau
- GeneFluidics Inc, Irwindale, California 91010, United States
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|