1
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Lahm ME, Wei P, Molnar CJ, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Germanium(II) Dithiolene Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302258. [PMID: 37603856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The 1 : 2 reaction of the imidazole-based dithiolate (2) with GeCl2 • dioxane in THF/TMEDA gives 3, a TMEDA-complexed dithiolene-based germylene. Compound 3 is converted to monothiolate-complexed (5) and N-heterocyclic carbene-complexed (7) germanium(II) dithiolene complexes via Lewis base ligand exchange. A bis-dithiolene-based germylene (8), involving a 3c-4e S-Ge-S bond, has also been synthesized through controlled hydrolysis of 7. The bonding nature of 3, 5, and 8 was investigated by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Christopher J Molnar
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602-2556, USA
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2
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Cairns KR, King RP, Bannister RD, Levason W, Reid G. Synthesis, spectroscopic and structural properties of Sn(II) and Pb(II) triflate complexes with soft phosphine and arsine coordination. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2293-2308. [PMID: 36723113 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the divalent M(OTf)2 (M = Sn, Pb; OTf = CF3SO3) with soft phosphine and arsine ligands, L, where L = o-C6H4(ER2)2 (E = P, R = Me or Ph; E = As, R = Me), MeC(CH2ER2)3 (E = P, R = Ph; E = As, R = Me), PhP(CH2CH2PPh2)2 or P(CH2CH2PPh2)3, affords complexes of stoichiometry M(L)(OTf)2 as white powders, which have been characterised via elemental analysis, 1H, 19F{1H}, 31P{1H} and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, with the expected 31P-119Sn and 31P-207Pb couplings clearly evident. The crystal structures of nine of these pnictine complexes are reported, in each case revealing retention of one or both OTf anions, which gives rise to a diverse range of coordination environments including monomers, as well as varying degrees of oligomerisation to form weakly associated (OTf-bridged) dimers, trimers and polymers. 19F{1H} NMR spectra indicate that the OTf is essentially anionic (dissociated) in solution. Anion metathesis of [M(OTf)2{MeC(CH2PPh2)3}] with Na[BArF] (BArF = B{3,5-(CF3)2C6H3}4) yields the corresponding [M{MeC(CH2PPh2)3}][BArF]2 salts, the crystal structures of all three (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) reveal pyramidal dications with discrete [BArF]- anions providing charge balance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on these [M{MeC(CH2PPh2)3}]2+ (M = Ge, Sn, Pb) dications using the B3LYP-D3 functional show the presence of a directional lone pair, which is a mixture of valence s and pz character, with the valence p-orbital character decreasing down group 14. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis also shows that the natural charge at the metal centre increases and the charge on the P centre decreases upon going down group 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Cairns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Rhys P King
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Robert D Bannister
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - William Levason
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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3
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Hadlington TJ, Keil PM. Protonation of Hydrido‐Tetrylenes: H2 Elimination vs. Tetrylium Cation Formation. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Maximillian Keil
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry Lichtenberg Str 4 85748 Garching GERMANY
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4
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Biswas S, Patel N, Deb R, Majumdar M. Chemistry of the Bis(imine)-Based Tetradentate Ligand Stabilized Group 14 E(II) Cations (E=Ge and Sn). CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200003. [PMID: 35253982 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ambiphilic Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species have been reported to be isolated through kinetic or thermodynamic stabilizations. Nonetheless, steric congestion or excessive coordination of donor atoms to the cationic center concurrently disfavors its prompt reactivity. Our research in this field revolves around the utilization of structurally non-rigid bis(imine) based tetradentate supporting ligands for the stabilization of Ge(II) and Sn(II) cationic species. Such E(II) cationic systems have been advantaged due to inherent flexibility present at the ligand backbone allowing disposal of E(II) orbitals through geometric rearrangements for further reactivity. The bifunctionality present in the ligand enables the first examples of Ge(II) bis-monocations. Furthermore, the redox-active nature of the ligand encourages participation in chemical transformations. In this personal account we have provided a detailed discussion of our published work in this direction in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niranjan Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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6
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Zhou X, Vasko P, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Heilmann A, Kolychev EL, Aldridge S. Cooperative N-H bond activation by amido-Ge(ii) cations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9495-9504. [PMID: 32608471 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01960g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and tertiary phosphine-stabilized germylium-ylidene cations, [R(L)Ge:]+, featuring tethered amido substituents at R have been synthesized via halide abstraction. Characterization in the solid state by X-ray crystallography shows these systems to be monomeric, featuring a two-coordinate C,N- or P,N-ligated germanium atom. The presence of the strongly Lewis acidic cationic germanium centre and proximal amide function allows for facile cleavage of N-H bonds in 1,2-fashion: the products resulting from reactions with carbazole feature a tethered secondary amine donor bound to a three-coordinate carbazolyl-GeII centre. In each case, addition of the components of the N-H bond occurs to the same face of the germanium amide function, consistent with a coordination/proton migration mechanism. Such as sequence is compatible with the idea that substrate coordination via the pπ orbital at germanium reduces the extent of N-to-Ge π donation from the amide, thereby enhancing the basicity of the proximal N-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK. and Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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7
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Versatile binding modes of acyclic N2X2 (X = O, S and P) ligands towards [GeCl]+ and AuCl units. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Schröder J, Böttcher T. 2,6‐Bis(diazaboryl)pyridine – A Ligand with Hemilabile Donor and Lewis Acid Functionalities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 19 79104 Freiburg Germany
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9
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Amine adduct with tin (II) chloride: Synthesis, molecular structure characterization, and DFT computational studies. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Sinhababu S, Singh D, Sharma MK, Siwatch RK, Mahawar P, Nagendran S. Ge(ii) cation catalyzed hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4094-4100. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic utility of a germylene cation 4 is reported. In the presence of compound 4, a variety of aldehydes and ketones can be hydroborylated using HBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | | | - Rahul Kumar Siwatch
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Pritam Mahawar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
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11
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Schleep M, Hettich C, Glatz JM, Kratzert D, Beichel W, Velázquez Rojas J, Scherer H, Krossing I. Perfluorinated tert
-Butoxides of Tin(II): The Dimeric Alkoxide and Its Monomeric Ate Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Clarissa Hettich
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jana Maren Glatz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Witali Beichel
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Georges-Koehler-Allee 103 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jennifer Velázquez Rojas
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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12
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Roy MMD, Fujimori S, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Tokitoh N, Rivard E. Neutral, Cationic and Hydride-substituted Siloxygermylenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14392-14399. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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13
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Su Y, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Isolation and Reactivity of a Chlorogermyliumylidene Featuring Two Ge-Cl Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 637371 Singapore Singapore
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14
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Beyond carbocations: Synthesis, structure and reactivity of heavier Group 14 element cations. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Lebedev YN, Das U, Schnakenburg G, Filippou AC. Coordination Chemistry of [E(Idipp)]2+ Ligands (E = Ge, Sn): Metal Germylidyne [Cp*(CO)2W≡Ge(Idipp)]+ and Metallotetrylene [Cp*(CO)3W–E(Idipp)]+ Cations. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury N. Lebedev
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ujjal Das
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Gray PA, Krause KD, Burford N, Patrick BO. Cationic 2,2′-bipyridine complexes of germanium(ii) and tin(ii). Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02148h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrel analogues of transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Gray
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
| | | | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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17
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Ochiai T, Szilvási T, Franz D, Irran E, Inoue S. Isolation and Structure of Germylene-Germyliumylidenes Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
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18
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Ochiai T, Szilvási T, Franz D, Irran E, Inoue S. Isolation and Structure of Germylene-Germyliumylidenes Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11619-24. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Daniel Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
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19
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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20
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Swamy VSVSN, Yadav S, Pal S, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Facile access to a Ge(ii) dication stabilized by isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7890-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03789e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide with GeCl2 afforded a Ge(ii) dication, which is stabilized by four isonitrile ligands through σ-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. V. S. N. Swamy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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21
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Rit A, Tirfoin R, Aldridge S. Exploiting Electrostatics To Generate Unsaturation: Oxidative GeE Bond Formation Using a Non π-Donor Stabilized [R(L)Ge:]+
Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Rit A, Tirfoin R, Aldridge S. Exploiting Electrostatics To Generate Unsaturation: Oxidative GeE Bond Formation Using a Non π-Donor Stabilized [R(L)Ge:]+
Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:378-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Bouska M, Dostál L, Lutter M, Glowacki B, Ruzickova Z, Beck D, Jambor R, Jurkschat K. N-Coordinated Tin(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonates and Their Reactions with Transition Metal Carbonyls. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:6792-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Lutter
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Britta Glowacki
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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24
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Ochiai T, Franz D, Wu XN, Inoue S. Isolation of a germanium(ii) cation and a germylene iron carbonyl complex utilizing an imidazolin-2-iminato ligand. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10952-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01554e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel amino(imino)germylene was synthesised. Its conversion with B(C6F5)3 afforded a cyclic germanium(ii) cation in a methyl abstraction and ring closing reaction. The conversion with Fe2(CO)9 furnished a germylene iron carbonyl complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Ochiai
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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25
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Swamy VSVSN, Pal S, Khan S, Sen SS. Cations and dications of heavier group 14 elements in low oxidation states. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12903-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an introduction to the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of the cations and dications of the heavier group 14 elements in their low oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. V. S. N. Swamy
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Education
- Research
- Pune 411008
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Education
- Research
- Pune 411008
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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26
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Hector AL, Jolleys A, Levason W, Pugh D, Reid G. The preparation and structure of Ge3F8 - a new mixed-valence fluoride of germanium, a convenient source of GeF2. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14514-6. [PMID: 25138586 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The new binary mixed-valence fluoride of germanium, Ge3F8, has been obtained by heating GeF4 with powdered Ge in an autoclave (390 K/4 bar/48 h). The structure contains pyramidal Ge(II)F3 and octahedral Ge(IV)F6 units, linked by fluoride bridges. The new compound is the missing member of the series (GeF2)n·GeF4 (n = 2, 4, or 6). Sublimation of (GeF2)n·GeF4in vacuo provides a convenient source of GeF2 in ca. 30% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hector
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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27
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Su B, Ganguly R, Li Y, Kinjo R. Isolation of an Imino-N-heterocyclic Carbene/Germanium(0) Adduct: A Mesoionic Germylene Equivalent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13106-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Su B, Ganguly R, Li Y, Kinjo R. Isolation of an Imino-N-heterocyclic Carbene/Germanium(0) Adduct: A Mesoionic Germylene Equivalent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Hanson MA, Terskikh VV, Baines KM, Huang Y. Chlorine-35 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of Germanium Oxidation State and Coordination Environment in Germanium Chlorides. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7377-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500728w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Victor V. Terskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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30
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Bartlett PN, Cummings CY, Levason W, Pugh D, Reid G. Halometallate complexes of germanium(II) and (IV): probing the role of cation, oxidation state and halide on the structural and electrochemical properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:5019-27. [PMID: 24644266 PMCID: PMC4204132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Ge(IV) chlorometallate complexes, [EMIM]2 [GeCl6 ], [EDMIM]2 [GeCl6 ] and [PYRR]2 [GeCl6 ] (EMIM=1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium; EDMIM=2,3-dimethyl-1-ethylimidazolium; PYRR=N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium) have been synthesised and fully characterised; the first two also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The imidazolium chlorometallates exhibited significant CH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds, resulting in extended supramolecular assemblies in the solid state. Solution (1) H NMR data also showed cation-anion association. The synthesis and characterisation of Ge(II) halometallate salts [EMIM][GeX3 ] (X=Cl, Br, I) and [PYRR][GeCl3 ], including single-crystal X-ray analyses for the homologous series of imidazolium salts, are reported. In these complexes, the intermolecular interactions are much weaker in the solid state and they appear not to be significantly associated in solution. Cyclic-voltammetry experiments on the Ge(IV) species in CH2 Cl2 solution showed two distinct, irreversible reduction waves attributed to Ge(IV) -Ge(II) and Ge(II) -Ge(0) , whereas the Ge(II) species exhibited one irreversible reduction wave. The potential for the Ge(II) -Ge(0) reduction was unaffected by changing the cation, although altering the oxidation state of the precursor from Ge(IV) to Ge(II) does have an effect; for a given cation, reduction from the [GeCl3 ](-) salts occurred at a less cathodic potential. The nature of the halide co-ligand also has a marked influence on the reduction potential for the Ge(II) -Ge(0) couple, such that the reduction potentials for the [GeX3 ](-) salts become significantly less cathodic when the halide (X) is changed Cl→Br→I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Bartlett
- Chemistry, University of Southampton HighfieldSouthampton, SO17 1BJ (UK) E-mail:
| | - Charles Y Cummings
- Chemistry, University of Southampton HighfieldSouthampton, SO17 1BJ (UK) E-mail:
| | - William Levason
- Chemistry, University of Southampton HighfieldSouthampton, SO17 1BJ (UK) E-mail:
| | - David Pugh
- Chemistry, University of Southampton HighfieldSouthampton, SO17 1BJ (UK) E-mail:
| | - Gillian Reid
- Chemistry, University of Southampton HighfieldSouthampton, SO17 1BJ (UK) E-mail:
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31
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Allan DR, Coles SJ, George K, Jura M, Levason W, Reid G, Wilson C, Zhang W. Exploring secondary bonding in p-block chemistry – an experimental study of [GeX 2{o-C 6H 4(PMe 2) 2}] using variable pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Jurca T, Hiscock LK, Korobkov I, Rowley CN, Richeson DS. The tipping point of the inert pair effect: experimental and computational comparison of In(I) and Sn(II) bis(imino)pyridine complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 43:690-697. [PMID: 24141972 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The autoionization reaction of neutral bis(imino)pyridine and SnX2 led to three compounds [{ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh}2(NC5H3)]SnX(+)SnX3(-) (Ar = 2,6-(2,5-(t)Bu2C6H3), X = Cl, Br; Ar = 2,6-(2,6-Me2C6H3), X = Cl) which display, within the same species, cations and anions possessing Sn(ii) centers. Computational analysis compared the ligated Sn(ii) cations with bis(imino)pyridine In(i) complexes that showed unprecedented weak metal-ligand covalent interactions, consistent with the In(i) 5s(2) electrons remaining as an inert nonbonding pair. Analysis of the metal-ligand bonding indicates that the chloride ligand of the Sn(ii) complex induces promotion of the metal 5s(2) electron pair to a stereochemically active hybridized orbital, which, in turn, allows strong coordination of the bis(imino)pyridine to Sn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Lana K Hiscock
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher N Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Darrin S Richeson
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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33
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Gerisch A, Isaeva A, Ruck M. Bi65Cu13Ge41O6Br122, a Low-Valent Compound of High Structural Complexity Featuring the Trigonal Anion [O(GeIIBr2)3]2-with an sp2-Hybridized μ3-Oxide Ion. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Khan S, Gopakumar G, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. Stabilization of a two-coordinate [GeCl]+ cation by simultaneous σ and π donation from a monodentate carbodiphosphorane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5644-7. [PMID: 23584982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Khan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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35
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Khan S, Gopakumar G, Thiel W, Alcarazo M. Stabilisierung zweifach koordinierter [GeCl]+-Kationen durch σ- und π-Donorfähigkeit eines einzähnigen Carbodiphosphorans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Tan G, Inoue S, Driess M. A cyclic germadicarbene ("germylone") from germyliumylidene. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5004-7. [PMID: 23517068 DOI: 10.1021/ja402477w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By employing the chelate dicarbene 1, the new chlorogermyliumylidene complex 2 could be synthesized and isolated in 95% yield. Dechlorination of 2 with sodium naphthalenide furnishes the unique cyclic germadicarbene 3 which could be isolated in 45% yield. Compound 3 is the first isolable Ge(0) complex with a single germanium atom stabilized by a dicarbene. Its molecular structure is in accordance with DFT calculations which underline the peculiar electronic structure of 3 with two lone pairs of electrons at the Ge atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Bouška M, Dostál L, Růžička A, Jambor R. Stabilization of Three-Coordinated Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Cations by a Neutral Chelating Ligand. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400082t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bouška
- Department of General and
Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532
10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and
Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532
10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and
Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532
10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and
Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, CZ-532
10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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38
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Gurnani C, Hector AL, Jager E, Levason W, Pugh D, Reid G. Tin(ii) fluoride vs. tin(ii) chloride – a comparison of their coordination chemistry with neutral ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8364-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Inoue S, Irran E, Driess M. The Elusive Silyliumylidene [ClSi:]+and Silathionium [ClSiS]+Cations Stabilized by Bis(Iminophosphorane) Chelate Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Inoue S, Irran E, Driess M. The Elusive Silyliumylidene [ClSi:]+and Silathionium [ClSiS]+Cations Stabilized by Bis(Iminophosphorane) Chelate Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10074-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Li J, Schenk C, Winter F, Scherer H, Trapp N, Higelin A, Keller S, Pöttgen R, Krossing I, Jones C. Weak Arene Stabilization of Bulky Amido-Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Monocations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Li J, Schenk C, Winter F, Scherer H, Trapp N, Higelin A, Keller S, Pöttgen R, Krossing I, Jones C. Weak Arene Stabilization of Bulky Amido-Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Monocations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9557-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Avery JC, Hanson MA, Herber RH, Bladek KJ, Rupar PA, Nowik I, Huang Y, Baines KM. Cationic Cryptand Complexes of Tin(II). Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7306-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3006713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Avery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
| | - Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
| | - Rolfe H. Herber
- Racah Institute
of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem,
Israel
| | - Kamila J. Bladek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
| | - Israel Nowik
- Racah Institute
of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem,
Israel
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5B7
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44
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Singh AP, Roesky HW, Carl E, Stalke D, Demers JP, Lange A. Lewis Base Mediated Autoionization of GeCl2 and SnCl2. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4998-5003. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pratap Singh
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Carl
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Demers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Faßberg 11,
D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adam Lange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Faßberg 11,
D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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45
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Xiong Y, Yao S, Inoue S, Berkefeld A, Driess M. Taming the germyliumylidene [CIGe:]+ and germathionium [CIGeS]+ ions by donor–acceptor stabilization using 1,8-bis(tributylphosphazenyl)naphthalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12198-200. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Izod K, Clark ER, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Hypervalent Sulfur-Functionalized Diphosphagermylene and Diphosphastannylene Compounds. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2008327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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47
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48
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Levason W, Reid G, Zhang W. The chemistry of the p-block elements with thioether, selenoether and telluroether ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8491-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Cheng F, Hector AL, Levason W, Reid G, Webster M, Zhang W. Diphosphine and Diarsine Complexes of Germanium(II) Halides—Preparation, Spectroscopic, and Structural Studies. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:752-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902068z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
| | - Andrew L. Hector
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
| | - William Levason
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
| | - Michael Webster
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom SO17 1BJ
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