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Klapcsik K. GPU accelerated numerical investigation of the spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble excited by dual-frequency. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105684. [PMID: 34358882 PMCID: PMC8350425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble under dual-frequency excitation is investigated numerically. The radial dynamics is described by the Keller-Miksis equation, which is a second-order ordinary differential equation. The surface dynamics is modelled by a set of linear ordinary differential equation according to Hao and Prosperetti (1999), which takes into account the effect of vorticity by boundary layer approximation. Due to the large amount of investigated parameter combinations, the numerical computations were carried out on graphics processing units. The results showed that for bubble size between RE=2μm and 4μm, the combination of a low and a high frequency, and the combination of two close but not equal frequencies are important to prevent the bubble losing its shape stability, while reaching the chemical threshold (Rmax/RE=3) (Kalmár et al., 2020). The phase shift between harmonic components of dual-frequency excitation has no effect on the shape stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Klapcsik
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Hegedűs F, Klapcsik K, Lauterborn W, Parlitz U, Mettin R. GPU accelerated study of a dual-frequency driven single bubble in a 6-dimensional parameter space: The active cavitation threshold. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105067. [PMID: 32380373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The active cavitation threshold of a dual-frequency driven single spherical gas bubble is studied numerically. This threshold is defined as the minimum intensity required to generate a given relative expansion (Rmax-RE)/RE, where RE is the equilibrium size of the bubble and Rmax is the maximum bubble radius during its oscillation. The model employed is the Keller-Miksis equation that is a second order ordinary differential equation. The parameter space investigated is composed by the pressure amplitudes, excitation frequencies, phase shift between the two harmonic components and by the equilibrium bubble radius (bubble size). Due to the large 6-dimensional parameter space, the number of the parameter combinations investigated is approximately two billion. Therefore, the high performance of graphics processing units is exploited; our in-house code is written in C++ and CUDA C software environments. The results show that for (Rmax-RE)/RE=2, the best choice of the frequency pairs depends on the bubble size. For small bubbles, below 3μm, the best option is to use just a single frequency of a low value in the giant response region. For medium sized bubbles, between 3μm and 6μm, the optimal choice is the mixture of low frequency (giant response) and main resonance frequency. For large bubbles, above 6μm, the main resonance dominates the active cavitation threshold. Increasing the prescribed relative expansion value to (Rmax-RE)/RE=3, the optimal choice is always single frequency driving with the lowest value (20kHz here). Thus, in this case, the giant response always dominates the active cavitation threshold. The phase shift between the harmonic components of the dual-frequency driving (different frequency values) has no effect on the threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Hegedűs
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kálmán Klapcsik
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Werner Lauterborn
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Parlitz
- Research Group Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and Institut für Dynamik komplexer Systeme, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Mettin
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Cheng L, Yang XA, Shi MT, Zhang WB. Rapid extraction of arsenic species from traditional Chinese herbal by dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted enzymatic digestion prior to spectral analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460915. [PMID: 32008824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the huge difference of biological toxicity, it is extremely significant to recognize the exact content of arsenic species in actual samples. In this paper, a novel pretreatment technique for the efficient extraction of arsenic species from herbal samples is developed by dual-frequency ultrasound-assisted enzymatic digestion (DUED). The preservation of arsenic original form, reduction of the actual analysis time, environmental friendliness and free-interference in subsequent detection make this method over the traditional method such as wet digestion, ashing and some solvent extraction technologies. The combination of DUED and atomic fluorescence spectrometry realize the speciation analysis of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicine. The optimizations of experimental parameters have been achieved, and the potential mechanism is discussed. The experimental data showed that cellulase is suitable for the digestion of herbal matrix than α-amylase and papain. Ultrasound can significantly increase the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of biological molecules, especially under dual-frequency ultrasound irradiation. The highest relative extraction efficiency can be obtained by combining 40 kHz ultrasonic bath (UB) with 20 kHz ultrasonic probe (UP). Two certified reference materials [CRMs, GBW(E)090066 and GBW(E)090067] and four practical herbs were used to evaluate the accuracy and practicability of the method. Inorganic arsenic, including trivalent arsenic and pentavalent arsenic, was the main species in the four herbal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Xin-An Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China.
| | - Meng-Ting Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China
| | - Wang-Bing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, PR China.
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4
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Tabatabaei ZS, Rajabi O, Nassirli H, Vejdani Noghreiyan A, Sazgarnia A. A comparative study on generating hydroxyl radicals by single and two-frequency ultrasound with gold nanoparticles and protoporphyrin IX. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:1039-1047. [PMID: 31617155 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new manner of killing cancer cells based on the cytotoxic interactions of ultrasound with sonosensitizing agents. It is shown that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) increase the efficiency of cavitation activity of ultrasound. In this study the influence of a single and/or two frequencies of ultrasound waves to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) was assessed in the presence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and/or GNPs. Ultrasound cavitation activity was determined by recording fluorescence signals from chemical terephthalic acid (TA) dosimeters with or without PpIX and/or GNPs at the frequencies of 0.8 and 2.4 MHz individually and aggregately. To study hydroxyl radicals, experiments were performed with and without hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol, histidine, and sodium azide. Cavitation activity was amplified by increasing ultrasound intensity and exposure time. The cavitation activity induced by dual ultrasound frequency was remarkably higher than the summation of effects produced by individual frequencies. All three scavengers reduced the fluorescence signal level. The effect of GNPs on intensifying cavitation activity at higher frequency was greater than that of lower frequency. PpIX showed a more effective sonosensitizing property at the lower frequency. Also, estimated synergism at dual frequency irradiation was improved in the presence of GNPs. We found that GNPs increased hydroxyl radical production at 2.4 MHz and that PpIX increased hydroxyl radical production at 0.8 MHz. Dual frequency exposure was more effective than single frequency exposure. PpIX at low frequency and gold nanoparticles at high frequency both enhance sonodynamic treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooriyeh Nassirli
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Vejdani Noghreiyan
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Zhang B, Chen T. Study of Ultrasonic Dispersion of Graphene Nanoplatelets. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111757. [PMID: 31151185 PMCID: PMC6600743 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has outstanding mechanical properties due to its unique structure, and is regarded as an ideal reinforcement of metal matrix composites. However, it is always in an agglomerate form due to its large specific surface area, and thus, it must be first dispersed prior to combining with a matrix, and ultrasonic treatment is considered to be the most effective way. In this work, the effects of parameters of tip ultrasonic treatment, such as ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, solvent kind, and its temperature, on dispersion and structure of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were studied. The results show that increasing ultrasonic time or ultrasonic power can enhance the dispersion and exfoliation effects of GNPs, but also increase fragmentation degree and disorder degree of C-atom distribution simultaneously. Solvents with low temperature, low viscosity, or high surface tension have similar effects to those of increasing ultrasonic time or power. However, for tap water, a high-surface-tension solvent, it has relatively low fragmentation degree, and good dispersion and exfoliation effects due to the hydrophilicity of GNPs. However, ethyl alcohol is a more suitable solvent because it has excellent volatility and inert reaction characteristics with GNPs and matrix alloys besides a good dispersion effect. The GNPs can achieve the expected status when they are ultrasonically treated for 4 h under a power of 960 W in EA solvent at 35 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Tijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Wang M, Lei Y, Zhou Y. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation by the frequency chirps: Enhanced thermal field and cavitation at the focus. ULTRASONICS 2019; 91:134-149. [PMID: 30146323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has become popular in the noninvasive ablation of a variety of solid tumors and cancers with promising clinical outcomes. Its ablation efficiency should be improved for the reduced treatment duration, especially for a large target. The frequency chirps were proposed and investigated for the enhanced lesion production and bubble cavitation at the focus during HIFU ablation. First, a nonlinear wave model was used to simulate the acoustic field using different excitation strategies (at the constant frequency excitation, downward and upward frequency chirps) and subsequently, the bubble dynamics and cavitation-enhanced temperature elevation were calculated by the Gilmore and Bioheat equations, respectively. Then the temperature rises and the produced lesion in the gel phantom were measured by the thermocouple and recorded photographically, respectively. Bubble activities at the focus were measured by passive cavitation detection (PCD) to quantify the scattering and inertial cavitation levels using short-time Fourier-transform (STFT). Finally, the enhanced temperature elevation, lesion production, and bubble cavitation were further confirmed in the ex vivo tissue samples. It is found that the frequency sweeping time plays a more important role in the enhancement of HIFU-produced lesion in the gel phantom while the frequency sweeping range seems more critical in the tissue. Altogether, large frequency sweeping range in a short time is preferable, and the frequency sweeping direction has little influence on the lesion enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yisheng Lei
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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7
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Qin LM, Yang XA, Leng D, Zhang WB. Dual-frequency ultrasound assisted-enzyme digestion coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry as a green and efficient tool for cadmium detection in rice flour samples. Talanta 2018; 188:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Zhang WB, Wei M, Song W, Gong YX, Yang XA. Evaluation of Pyridaben Residues on Fruit Surfaces and Their Stability by a Novel On-Line Dual-Frequency Ultrasonic Device and Chemiluminescence Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9799-9806. [PMID: 29016120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we first report the development of a highly sensitive and economical method for accurate analysis of pyridaben residues on fruits based on dual-frequency ultrasonic treatment (DFUT) and flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) detection. The DFUT device is made by integrating an ultrasonic bath with an ultrasonic probe. Two quartz glass coils (QGC) with different structures have been designed and applied to evaluate the function of DFUT in the detection process. Recorded data showed that DFUT is an effective method for improving the pyridaben CL signal. The signal of pyridaben in response to DFUT is 2.0-3.3 times stronger than the response to only the ultrasonic probe at 20 kHz or the ultrasonic bath at 40 kHz. In addition, the response obtained from the concentric circle QGC is 2.1 times stronger than the response to the spiral tube QGC. Under the optimized condition, the proposed method has advantages, such as a wide linear range (0.8-100.0 μg L-1), a high sensitivity (limit of detection of 0.085 μg L-1), and good stability (RSDs ≤ 4.7% in the linear range) for pyridaben determination. We apply this method to monitor the residue pyridaben on some fruits. The data show that the maximum amounts of the residue on fruit surfaces after soaking in water (50 mg L-1, 5 min) are 0.583 mg kg-1 (apple), 0.794 mg kg-1 (orange), and 0.351 mg kg-1 (pear). However, the concentration of pyridaben in the presence of sunlight decreases rapidly, showing its poor light stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Bing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology , Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology , Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Anhui Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Hefei, Anhui 230022, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Gong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology , Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Xin-An Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology , Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
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9
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Tiong TJ, Liew DKL, Gondipon RC, Wong RW, Loo YL, Lok MST, Manickam S. Identification of active sonochemical zones in a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor via physical and chemical characterization techniques. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:569-576. [PMID: 27156122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling multiple frequencies in ultrasonic systems is one of the highly desired area of research for sonochemists, as it is known for producing synergistic effects on various ultrasonic reactions. In this study, the characteristics of a hexagonal-shaped triple frequency ultrasonic reactor with the combination frequencies of 28, 40 and 70kHz were studied. The results showed that uniform temperature increment was achieved throughout the reactor at all frequency combinations. On the other hand, sonochemiluminescence emission and degradation rate of Rhodamine B varies throughout different areas of the reactor, indicating the presence of acoustic 'hot spots' at certain areas of the reactor. Also, coupling dual and triple frequencies showed a decrease in the hydroxyl radical (OH) production, suggesting probable wave cancelling effect in the system. The results can therefore be served as a guide to optimize the usage of a triple frequency ultrasonic reactor for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Joyce Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Derick K L Liew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramona C Gondipon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ryan W Wong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuen Ling Loo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Matthew S T Lok
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li S. The secondary Bjerknes force between two gas bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:129-45. [PMID: 26584991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The secondary Bjerknes force is one of the essential mechanisms of mutual interactions between bubbles oscillating in a sound field. The dual-frequency acoustic excitation has been applied in several fields such as sonochemistry, biomedicine and material engineering. In this paper, the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation is investigated both analytically and numerically within a large parameter zone. The unique characteristics (i.e., the complicated patterns of the parameter zone for sign change and the combination resonances) of the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation are revealed. Moreover, the influence of several parameters (e.g., the pressure amplitude, the bubble distance and the phase difference between sound waves) on the secondary Bjerknes force is also investigated numerically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; School of Power, Energy and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shengcai Li
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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11
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Ultrasound-enhanced transdermal delivery: recent advances and future challenges. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:843-57. [PMID: 25287389 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a formidable diffusion barrier that restricts passive diffusion to small (<500 Da) lipophilic molecules. Methods used to permeabilize this barrier for the purpose of drug delivery are maturing as an alternative to oral drug delivery and hypodermic injections. Ultrasound can reversibly and non-invasively permeabilize the diffusion barrier posed by the skin. This review discusses the mechanisms of ultrasound-permeability enhancement, and presents technological innovations in equipment miniaturization and recent advances in permeabilization capabilities. Additionally, potentially exciting applications, including protein delivery, vaccination, gene therapy and sensing of blood analytes, are discussed. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities associated with the use of ultrasound are discussed. It is stressed that developing ultrasound for suitable applications is key to ensure commercial success.
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12
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Zhang YN, Zhang YN, Li SC. Bubble dynamics under acoustic excitation with multiple frequencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/72/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Liu HL, Jan CK, Chu PC, Hong JC, Lee PY, Hsu JD, Lin CC, Huang CY, Chen PY, Wei KC. Design and experimental evaluation of a 256-channel dual-frequency ultrasound phased-array system for transcranial blood-brain barrier opening and brain drug delivery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 61:1350-60. [PMID: 24658258 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2305723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles can bring about transcranial and local opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for potential noninvasive delivery of drugs to the brain. A phased-array ultrasound system is essential for FUS-BBB opening to enable electronic steering and correction of the focal beam which is distorted by cranial bone. Here, we demonstrate our prototype design of a 256-channel ultrasound phased-array system for large-region transcranial BBB opening in the brains of large animals. One of the unique features of this system is the capability of generating concurrent dual-frequency ultrasound signals from the driving system for potential enhancement of BBB opening. A wide range of signal frequencies can be generated (frequency = 0.2-1.2 MHz) with controllable driving burst patterns. Precise output power can be controlled for individual channels via 8-bit duty-cycle control of transistor-transistor logic signals and the 8-bit microcontroller-controlled buck converter power supply output voltage. The prototype system was found to be in compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility standard. Moreover, large animal experiments confirmed the phase switching effectiveness of this system, and induction of either a precise spot or large region of BBB opening through fast focal-beam switching. We also demonstrated the capability of dual-frequency exposure to potentially enhance the BBB-opening effect. This study contributes to the design of ultrasound phased arrays for future clinical applications, and provides a new direction toward optimizing FUS brain drug delivery.
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14
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Azagury A, Khoury L, Enden G, Kost J. Ultrasound mediated transdermal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:127-43. [PMID: 24463344 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injections. However, the stratum corneum serves as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances to the skin. Application of ultrasound (US) irradiation to the skin increases its permeability (sonophoresis) and enables the delivery of various substances into and through the skin. This review presents the main findings in the field of sonophoresis in transdermal drug delivery as well as transdermal monitoring and the mathematical models associated with this field. Particular attention is paid to the proposed enhancement mechanisms and future trends in the fields of cutaneous vaccination and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Azagury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luai Khoury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Giora Enden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Joseph Kost
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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15
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Müller S, Fischper M, Mottyll S, Skoda R, Hussong J. Analysis of the cavitating flow induced by an ultrasonic horn – Experimental investigation on the influence of actuation phase, amplitude and geometrical boundary conditions. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146702079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Tronson R, Tchea MF, Ashokkumar M, Grieser F. The Behavior of Acoustic Bubbles in Aqueous Solutions Containing Soluble Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13806-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Tronson
- Particulate
Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle F. Tchea
- Particulate
Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Muthupandian Ashokkumar
- Particulate
Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Franz Grieser
- Particulate
Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Bathaie SZ, Hassan ZM, Nilchiani V, Goudarzi H. Enhancement and control of acoustic cavitation yield by low-level dual frequency sonication: a subharmonic analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:394-400. [PMID: 20678953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of inertial cavitation is a significant problem where this mechanism of action is responsible for therapeutic applications such as drug delivery. It has shown that using multiple frequencies one is able to enhance and control induced cavitation. In this study, we used different sonication frequencies as 28 kHz, 130 kHz, 1 MHz, 3 MHz and their dual combinations to enhance acoustic cavitation. At each frequency, two different intensities were used and the subharmonic amplitude of each frequency in combinations was measured. It was observed that in combinations which include 28 kHz, the cavitation activity is enhanced. The 28 kHz subharmonic amplitude was used to compare these protocols in their ability to enhance cavitation. Besides, the area of cavitation damage was determined using an aluminum foil. Our results showed that the inertial cavitation activity increased at higher intensities and there is a significant correlation between the subharmonic amplitude and sonication intensity at each frequency (R>0.90). In addition, simultaneous combined dual-frequency orthogonal sonication at 28 kHz with other frequencies used can significantly increase the inertial cavitation activity as compared to the algebraic sum of the individual ultrasound irradiations in 28 kHz subharmonic frequency. The 28 kHz subharmonic amplitude for 28 kHz (0.04 W/cm(2)) and 3 MHz (2 and 1 W/cm(2)) combined dual frequency were about 4.6 and 1.5 times higher than that obtained from the algebraic sum of 28 kHz and 3 MHz irradiation, respectively. Also the 28 kHz subharmonic amplitude for combination of 28 kHz (0.04 W/cm(2)) and 1 MHz (2 and 1 W/cm(2)) were about 2.4 and 1.6 times higher than that obtained with their algebraic sum. Among different combinations, the continuous mode for two ultrasound sources of 28 kHz (0.04 W/cm(2)) and 3 MHz (2 W/cm(2)) is more effective than other combinations (p-value<0.05). The results of effective irradiation area showed no damaged aluminum foil in MHz sonication alone. However, there is significant difference between the effective irradiation area of combined dual frequency 28 kHz and 3 MHz with other irradiation modes (p-value<0.05) and it is limited locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Brotchie A, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Characterization of acoustic cavitation bubbles in different sound fields. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11010-6. [PMID: 20698516 DOI: 10.1021/jp105618q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various fundamental properties of acoustic cavitation bubbles have been investigated in single- and dual-frequency sound fields. It was found that the relative extent of bubble coalescence in the dual-frequency field correlated strongly with the synergistic enhancement of the sonochemical reaction rates. Both the relative extent of coalescence and the sonochemical synergy observed were enhanced through the addition of coalescence-inhibiting solutes. This was attributed to greater nucleation in the dual-frequency mode compared with the single-frequency modes, producing a very localized and high-density bubble field. The acoustic bubble size, compared with that measured at 355 kHz alone, was found to increase upon the application of synchronous 20 kHz pulses but was reduced dramatically when the low frequency was applied as a continuous wave. This trend is consistent with previous reports indicating that the bubble density and cavitation activity are relatively higher in the pulsed system and that the continuous wave application exerts a strong cancellation effect. The changes in bubble density and coalescence rates are proposed to govern the acoustic bubble size. The bubble lifetime was found to be longer in the dual-frequency field (>0.30 ms; >6 low-frequency oscillations, >100 high-frequency oscillations) compared with both single-frequency fields (0.26 ms and 5 oscillations for the low frequency; 0.22 ms and 75 oscillations for the high frequency). The confluence of a longer bubble lifetime and more asymmetric collapse conditions, the latter inferred from a more pronounced sodium atom emission in the sonoluminescence spectrum, resulted in a lower bubble collapse temperature measured in the dual-frequency system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brotchie
- Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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