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Hohnsen J, Rryci L, Obretenova D, Friedel J, Jouchaghani S, Klein A. Functionalizing Thiosemicarbazones for Covalent Conjugation. Molecules 2024; 29:3680. [PMID: 39125087 PMCID: PMC11314635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) with their modular character (thiosemicarbazides + carbonyl compound) allow broad variation of up to four substituents on the main R1R2C=N(1)-NH-C(S)-N(4)R3R4 core and are thus interesting tools for the formation of conjugates or the functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, di-2-pyridyl ketone was introduced for the coordination of metals and 9-anthraldehyde for luminescence as R1 and R2 to TSCs. R3 and R4 substituents were varied for the formation of conjugates. Amino acids were introduced at the N4 position to produce [R1R2TSC-spacer-amino acid] conjugates. Further, functions such as phosphonic acid (R-P(O)(OH)2), D-glucose, o-hydroquinone, OH, and thiol (SH) were introduced at the N4 position producing [R1R2TSC-spacer-anchor group] conjugates for direct NP anchoring. Phenyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, ethyl and methyl were used as spacer units. Both phenyl phosphonic acid TSC derivatives were bound on TiO2 NPs as a first example of direct NP anchoring. [R1R2TSC-spacer-end group] conjugates including OH, S-Bn (Bn = benzyl), NH-Boc (Boc = tert-butyloxycarbonyl), COOtBu, C≡CH, or N3 end groups were synthesized for potential covalent binding to functional molecules or functionalized NPs through amide, ester, or triazole functions. The synthesis of the thiosemicarbazides H2NNH-C(S)-NR3R4 starting from amines, including amino acids, SCCl2 or CS2, and hydrazine and their condensation with dipyridyl ketone and anthraldehyde led to 34 new TSC derivatives. They were synthesized in up to six steps with overall yields ranging from 10 to 85% and were characterized by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy allowed us to easily trace the dipyridyl imine and anthracene chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Koeln, Germany; (J.H.); (L.R.); (D.O.); (J.F.); (S.J.)
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2
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Kuprikova N, Ondruš M, Bednárová L, Riopedre-Fernandez M, Slavětínská L, Sýkorová V, Hocek M. Superanionic DNA: enzymatic synthesis of hypermodified DNA bearing four different anionic substituents at all four nucleobases. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11428-11438. [PMID: 37870471 PMCID: PMC10681718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a set of four 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-O-triphosphates (dNTPs) derived from 5-substituted pyrimidines and 7-substituted 7-deazapurines bearing anionic substituents (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphonate, and phosphate). The anion-linked dNTPs were used for enzymatic synthesis of modified and hypermodified DNA using KOD XL DNA polymerase containing one, two, three, or four modified nucleotides. The polymerase was able to synthesize even long sequences of >100 modified nucleotides in a row by primer extension (PEX). We also successfully combined two anionic and two hydrophobic dNTPs bearing phenyl and indole moieties. In PCR, the combinations of one or two modified dNTPs gave exponential amplification, while most of the combinations of three or four modified dNTPs gave only linear amplification in asymmetric PCR. The hypermodified ONs were successfully re-PCRed and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Biophysical studies including hybridization, denaturation, CD spectroscopy and molecular modelling and dynamics suggest that the presence of anionic modifications in one strand decreases the stability of duplexes while still preserving the B-DNA conformation, whilst the DNA hypermodified in both strands adopts a different secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kuprikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Ondruš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miguel Riopedre-Fernandez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Sýkorová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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3
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Debiais M, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Applications of the Reversible Boronic Acids/Boronate Switch to Nucleic Acids. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200085. [PMID: 35641415 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, boron and nucleic acids chemistries have gained a lot of attention for biological, medicinal and analytical applications. Our laboratory has a long-standing interest in both chemistries and owing to the ability of boronic acids to react with cis-diol function in aqueous media we developed over the years a variety of applications ranging from molecular recognition and sensing to the development of reversible dynamic systems in which the natural phosphodiester linkage was replaced by a boronate. In this account, we summarize research results from our group from our preliminary studies on molecular recognition of ribonucleosides to the dynamic assembly of functional DNAzymes. In particular, the various parameters influencing the dynamic nature of these reversible covalent bonds able to respond to external stimuli are discussed. Finally, current challenges and opportunities for boron-based nucleic acids are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Debiais
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Smietana
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095, Montpellier, France
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4
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Li W, Ma Y, Guo Z, Xing R, Liu Z. Efficient Screening of Glycan-Specific Aptamers Using a Glycosylated Peptide as a Scaffold. Anal Chem 2020; 93:956-963. [PMID: 33300777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal glycan structures are valuable biomarkers for disease states; the development of glycan-specific binders is thereby significantly important. However, the structural homology and weak immunogenicity of glycans pose major hurdles in the evolution of antibodies, while the poor availability of complex glycans also has extremely hindered the selection of anti-glycan aptamers. Herein, we present a new approach to efficiently screen aptamers toward specific glycans with a complex structure, using a glycosylated peptide as a scaffold. In this method, using peptide-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile platform, a glycopeptide tryptically digested from a native glycoprotein was selectively entrapped for positive selection, while a nonglycosylated analogue with an identical peptide sequence was synthesized for negative selection. Alternating positive and negative selection steps were carried out to guide the directed evolution of glycan-binding aptamers. As proof of the principle, the biantennary digalactosylated disialylated N-glycan A2G2S2, against which there have been no antibodies and lectins so far, was employed as the target. With the glycoprotein transferrin as a source of target glycan, two satisfied anti-A2G2S2 aptamers were selected within seven rounds. Since A2G2S2 is upregulated in cancerous liver cells, carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-labeled aptamers were prepared as fluorescent imaging reagents, and successful differentiation of cancerous liver cells over normal liver cells was achieved, which demonstrated the application feasibility of the selected aptamers. This approach obviated a tedious glycan preparation process and allowed favorable expose of the intrinsic flexible conformation of natural glycans. Therefore, it holds great promise for developing glycan-specific aptamers for challenging applications such as cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongrong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Tommasone S, Allabush F, Tagger YK, Norman J, Köpf M, Tucker JHR, Mendes PM. The challenges of glycan recognition with natural and artificial receptors. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5488-5505. [PMID: 31552920 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans - simple or complex carbohydrates - play key roles as recognition determinants and modulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Thus, many biotechnological, diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities abound for molecular recognition entities that can bind glycans with high selectivity and affinity. This review begins with an overview of the current biologically and synthetically derived glycan-binding scaffolds that include antibodies, lectins, aptamers and boronic acid-based entities. It is followed by a more detailed discussion on various aspects of their generation, structure and recognition properties. It serves as the basis for highlighting recent key developments and technical challenges that must be overcome in order to fully deal with the specific recognition of a highly diverse and complex range of glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tommasone
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Allabush F, Mendes PM, Tucker JHR. Acrylamide-dT: a polymerisable nucleoside for DNA incorporation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31511-31516. [PMID: 35527933 PMCID: PMC9072585 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside derivative Acrylamide-dT can be readily synthesised and incorporated multiple times into DNA sequences at any position via automated synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francia Allabush
- School of Chemistry
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Paula M. Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
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7
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Steinmeyer J, Wagenknecht HA. Synthesis of DNA Modified with Boronic Acid: Compatibility to Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:431-436. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Steinmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Botha F, Slavíčková M, Pohl R, Hocek M. Copper-mediated arylsulfanylations and arylselanylations of pyrimidine or 7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10018-10022. [PMID: 27722411 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01917j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 5-arylsulfanyl- or 5-arylselanylpyrimidine and 7-arylsulfanyl- or 7-arylselanyl-7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides were developed by the Cu-mediated sulfanylations or selanylations of the corresponding 5-iodopyrimidine or 7-iodo-7-deazapurine nucleosides or nucleotides with diaryldisulfides or -diselenides. The reactions were also applicable for direct modifications of 2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate and the resulting 5-arylsulfanyl or 5-arylselanyl-dCTP served as substrates for the polymerase synthesis of modified DNA bearing arylsulfanyl or arylselanyl groups in the major groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Botha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Slavíčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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9
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Boronic acid-based chemical sensors for saccharides. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:129-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Detection of glycoprotein through fluorescent boronic acid-based molecularly imprinted polymer. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 960:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Wang K, Wang D, Ji K, Chen W, Zheng Y, Dai C, Wang B. Post-synthesis DNA modifications using a trans-cyclooctene click handle. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:909-15. [PMID: 25407744 PMCID: PMC4377304 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-synthesis DNA modification is a very useful method for DNA functionalization. This is achieved by using a modified NTP, which has a handle for further modifications, replacing the corresponding natural NTP in polymerase-catalyzed DNA synthesis. Subsequently, the handle can be used for further functionalization after PCR, preferably through a very fast reaction. Herein we describe polymerase-mediated incorporation of trans-cyclooctene modified thymidine triphosphate (TCO-TTP). Subsequently, the trans-cyclooctene group was reacted with a tetrazine tethered to other functional groups through a very fast click reaction. The utility of this DNA functionalization method was demonstrated with the incorporation of a boronic acid group and a fluorophore. The same approach was also successfully used in modifying a known aptamer for fluorescent labelling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965, USA.
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12
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Liu S, Bai H, Sun Q, Zhang W, Qian J. Naphthalimide-based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer sensors for saccharides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent probe based on PET mechanism exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement toward saccharides and was used to detect fructose in beverages with good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hongyan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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13
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Wang L, Dai C, Burroughs SK, Wang SL, Wang B. Arylboronic Acid Chemistry under Electrospray Conditions. Chemistry 2013; 19:7587-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Cheng Y, Peng H, Chen W, Ni N, Ke B, Dai C, Wang B. Rapid and specific post-synthesis modification of DNA through a biocompatible condensation of 1,2-aminothiols with 2-cyanobenzothiazole. Chemistry 2013; 19:4036-4042. [PMID: 23447494 PMCID: PMC3918485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-synthesis modification of DNA is an important way of functionalizing DNA molecules. Herein, we describe a method that first enzymatically incorporates a cyanobenzothiazole (CBT)-modified thymidine. The side-chain handle CBT can undergo a rapid and site-specific cyclization reaction with 1,2-aminothiols to afford DNA functionalization in aqueous solution. Another key advantage of this method is the formation of a single stereo/regioisomer in the process, which allows for precise control of DNA modification to yield a single component for aptamer selection work and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Hanjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Nanting Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Bowen Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Chaofeng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098
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15
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Martin AR, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Boron and nucleic acid chemistries: merging the best of both worlds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5684-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Wang D, Chen W, Zheng Y, Dai C, Wang L, Wang B. A general and efficient entry to asymmetric tetrazines for click chemistry applications. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2013-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Carbohydrate biomarkers play very important roles in a wide range of biological and pathological processes. Compounds that can specifically recognize a carbohydrate biomarker are useful for targeted delivery of imaging agents and for development of new diagnostics. Furthermore, such compounds could also be candidates for the development of therapeutic agents. A tremendous amount of active work on synthetic lectin mimics has been reported in recent years. Amongst all the synthetic lectins, boronic-acid-based lectins (boronolectins) have shown great promise. Along this line, four classes of boronolectins including peptide-, nucleic-acid-, polymer-, and small-molecule-based ones are discussed with a focus on the design principles and recent advances. We hope that by presenting the potentials of this field, this review will stimulate more research in this area.
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18
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Fossey JS, D'Hooge F, van den Elsen JMH, Pereira Morais MP, Pascu SI, Bull SD, Marken F, Jenkins ATA, Jiang YB, James TD. The development of boronic acids as sensors and separation tools. CHEM REC 2012; 12:464-78. [PMID: 22791631 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic receptors for diols that incorporate boronic acid motifs have been developed as new sensors and separation tools. Utilizing the reversible interactions of diols with boronic acids to form boronic esters under new binding regimes has provided new hydrogel constructs that have found use as dye-displacement sensors and electrophoretic separation tools; similarly, molecular boronic-acid-containing chemosensors were constructed that offer applications in the sensing of diols. This review provides a somewhat-personal perspective of developments in boronic-acid-mediated sensing and separation, placed in the context of the seminal works of others in the area, as well as offering a concise summary of the contributions of the co-authors in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Fossey
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK..
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19
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Vendrell M, Zhai D, Er JC, Chang YT. Combinatorial strategies in fluorescent probe development. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4391-420. [PMID: 22616565 DOI: 10.1021/cr200355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vendrell
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore.
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20
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Cheng Y, Peng H, Wang B. Reversible Covalent Bond Toolbox. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Loakes D. Nucleotides and nucleic acids; oligo- and polynucleotides. ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734875-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Loakes
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QH UK
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22
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Chen W, Wang D, Dai C, Hamelberg D, Wang B. Clicking 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and cyclooctynes with tunable reaction rates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1736-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Sheshashena Reddy T, Ram Reddy A. Synthesis and fluorescence study of 3-aminoalkylamidonapthalimides. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Cheng Y, Dai C, Peng H, Zheng S, Jin S, Wang B. Design, synthesis, and polymerase-catalyzed incorporation of click-modified boronic acid-TTP analogues. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2747-52. [PMID: 21887745 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
DNA molecules are known to be important materials in sensing, aptamer selection, nanocomputing, and construction of unique architectures. The incorporation of modified nucleobases affords unique DNA properties for applications in areas that would otherwise be difficult or not possible. Earlier, we demonstrated that the boronic acid moiety can be introduced into DNA through polymerase-catalyzed reactions. In order to study whether such incorporation by polymerase is a general phenomenon, we designed and synthesized four boronic acid-modified thymidine triphosphate (TTP) analogues. The synthesis of certain analogues was through the use of a single dialkyne tether for both the Sonogashira coupling with thymidine and the later Cu-mediated [3+2] cycloaddition for linking the boronic acid moiety. This approach is much more efficient than the previously described method, and paves the way for the preparation of a large number of boronic acid-modified TTPs with a diverse set of structural features. All analogues showed very good stability under polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions and were recognized as a substrate by DNA polymerase, and thus incorporated into DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Dai C, Wang L, Sheng J, Peng H, Draganov AB, Huang Z, Wang B. The first chemical synthesis of boronic acid-modified DNA through a copper-free click reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3598-600. [PMID: 21301752 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first chemical incorporation of the boronic acid group into DNA using a copper-free click reagent was reported. Compared with the PCR-based method, this approach allows for site-specific incorporation and synthesis on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
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Hargrove AE, Ellington AD, Anslyn EV, Sessler JL. Chemical functionalization of oligodeoxynucleotides with multiple boronic acids for the polyvalent binding of saccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:388-96. [PMID: 21299200 DOI: 10.1021/bc100376x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel saccharide host containing four boronic acid recognition units on a single DNA duplex terminus was constructed. This construct allowed boronic acid sugar recognition in the context of double-stranded DNA to be established while highlighting the benefits of multivalency. Following the solid-phase synthesis of a bis-boronic acid tag, two end-functionalized oligonucleotides with complementary sequences were functionalized through amide ligation. By annealing the boronic acid-DNA conjugates, a tetra-boronic acid DNA duplex was assembled. The saccharide binding ability of this tetra-boronic acid host was revealed through cellulose paper chromatography in the absence and presence of various saccharides. While no appreciable saccharide binding was seen in the case of a bis-boronic DNA conjugate, the increased migration of the tetra-boronic acid host relative to the control sequences in the presence of selected monosaccharides underscored the importance of multivalent effects. We thus identified a requirement for multiple recognition sites in these conjugate systems and expect the results to facilitate future efforts toward applying synthetic recognition systems to the realm of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Hargrove
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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Dai C, Cheng Y, Cui J, Wang B. Click reactions and boronic acids: applications, issues, and potential solutions. Molecules 2010; 15:5768-81. [PMID: 20733546 PMCID: PMC6257766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15085768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronic acids have been widely used in a wide range of organic reactions, in the preparation of sensors for carbohydrates, and as potential pharmaceutical agents. With the growing importance of click reactions, inevitably they are also applied to the synthesis of compounds containing the boronic acid moiety. However, such applications have unique problems. Chief among them is the issue of copper-mediated boronic acid degradation in copper-assisted [2,3]-cycloadditions involving an alkyne and an azido compound as the starting materials. This review summarizes recent developments, analyzes potential issues, and discusses known as well as possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, USA
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Huang YJ, Jiang YB, Fossey JS, James TD, Marken F. Assembly of N-hexadecyl-pyridinium-4-boronic acid hexafluorophosphate monolayer films with catechol sensing selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm01510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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