1
|
Alsheim E, Thet NT, Laabei M, Jenkins ATA. Development and early testing of a simple, low cost, fast sensor for maternal and neonatal group B Streptococcus. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115923. [PMID: 38118304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, (Group B Streptococcus (GBS)), is a common colonizer of the female vagina. In women giving birth it can be transmitted to the baby and cause serious illness and even death to the child. We have developed a biosensor comprising of phospholipids and fatty acids vesicles encapsulating high concentration, self-quenched carboxyfluorescein, which is released by the lysis of the vesicle by virulence factors expressed by GBS, becoming diluted and fluorescent. The microbial specificity of the sensor was tested against a number of GBS strains and other microbes including Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and a statistically significant response to GBS measured over these other microbes. To test the invivo efficacy of the biosensor, a pilot study using donated lower vaginal swabs from non-pregnant women was conducted, where 58 female adults were recruited. Participants donated two swabs, one which was used for the vesicle test and one for the 'gold standard', enriched culture media (ECM) test. An overall GBS carriage rate of 17.2% was measured using the ECM test. The vesicle biosensor test took 45 min to obtain a result, and showed a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 85.7% and accuracy of 85.3%. The test accuracy is in line with current novel GBS identification tests, with the advantage of being rapid, easy to use, low-cost and able to be conducted by bedside during start of labour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Alsheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK
| | - Naing Tun Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan KC, Gardiner JE, Sedgwick AC, Thet N, Heylen RA, James TD, Jenkins ATA, He XP. A TCF-based fluorescent probe to determine nitroreductase (NTR) activity for a broad-spectrum of bacterial species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37318211 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A nitroreductase (NTR) responsive fluorescent probe with long wavelength fluorescence emission was used to determine the NTR activity of a selection of bacterial species under a range of different bacterial growth conditions ensuring applicability under multiple complex clinical environments, where sensitivity, reaction time, and the detection accuracy were suitable for planktonic cultures and biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
| | | | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Naing Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Rachel A Heylen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | | | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China.
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence and role of biofilm formation in acute wounds has seldom been investigated. Understanding the presence of biofilm in acute wounds would allow earlier, biofilm-targeted management, thus decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with wound infection, improving patient experience and potentially reducing healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to summarise the evidence for biofilm formation within acute wounds. METHOD We conducted a systematic literature review for studies which reported evidence of bacterial biofilm formation in acute wounds. An electronic search of four databases was carried out, without restrictions on date. The search terms included 'bacteria', 'biofilm', 'acute' and 'wound'. RESULTS A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the studies, 69.2% showed evidence of biofilm formation within 14 days of acute wound formation, with 38.5% showing evidence of biofilm 48 hours after wound formed. CONCLUSION The evidence from this review suggests that biofilm formation plays a greater role within acute wounds than previously considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne D Ridgley
- Liverpool University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Amber E Young
- Population Health Sciences, Canynge Hall, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Owen EJ, Heylen RA, Stewart K, Winyard PG, Jenkins ATA. Detecting and monitoring incontinence associated dermatitis: Does impedance spectroscopy have a part to play? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023:9544119231159178. [PMID: 36882988 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231159178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, current understanding of the prevention and treatment of Incontinence Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is discussed. The need for preventative measures which target specific faecal/urinary irritants is highlighted, including the role of urease inhibitors. There is no existing internationally and clinically accepted method to diagnose and categorise the severity of IAD. Diagnosis currently relies on visual inspection; non-invasive techniques to assess skin barrier function could remove subjectiveness, particularly in darker skin tones. Impedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique which can be used to monitor skin barrier function, supporting visual assessments. Six studies (2003-2021) which used impedance to assess dermatitis were reviewed; inflamed skin was distinguishable from healthy skin in each case. This suggests that impedance spectroscopy could be useful in diagnosis early-stage IAD, potentially enabling earlier intervention. Finally, the authors present their initial findings on the role of urease in skin breakdown in an in vivo IAD model, using impedance spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Owen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Owen EJ, Hathaway H, Lafferty B, Jenkins ATA. Using electrocardiogram electrodes to monitor skin impedance spectroscopic response when skin is subjected to sustained static pressure. Skin Health and Disease 2023. [PMID: 37538331 PMCID: PMC10395637 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Impedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique which can be used to monitor skin barrier function, with potential applications in early-stage pressure ulcer detection. This paper describes how changes in skin impedance, due to mechanical damage of the stratum corneum by tape stripping or applied pressure, can be straightforwardly measured using commercial electrocardiogram electrodes and a relatively low-cost impedance analyser. Two models of pressure injury were studied, an ex vivo porcine and in vivo human skin model. Objectives Determine whether impedance spectroscopy may have potential utility in measuring the effect on skin of applied pressure on early-stage pressure injury. Methods Two models were utilized to measure the effect of pressure. Porcine model: 0, 7.5, 15 or 22.5 mmHg of pressure was applied for up to 24 h (N = 4) and monitored at various time intervals. Human Model: 88 mmHg of pressure was applied for four sets of three-minute intervals (N = 13) and post-pressure recovery was monitored for 4 h. For each model, skin impedance was monitored at 0.1 Hz-50 kHz using disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes. The data was analysed using Ordinary One-Way Analysis of Variance. Results Porcine model: after 24 h, the impedance of pressure-loaded skin was significantly reduced compared to the non-loaded control group (p ≤ 0.0001); this reduction in impedance was proportional to the degree of mechanical loading. Histology images of skin cross-sections provided qualitative evidence that the epidermis was structurally compromised by pressure. Human Model: the response of healthy skin to applied pressure displayed inter-variation. Participants with a significant change in skin impedance (p ≤ 0.01) also demonstrated signs of erythema. Conclusions This study suggests that using impedance spectroscopy to measure skin (stratum corneum) resistance may have utility in giving early warning of skin pressure injury prior to clinical symptoms, with a good correlation between observed erythema and reduction in skin resistance. Further work should be initiated on patients at risk of pressure injury to improve intervention strategies, including in darker skin tones where early-stage pressure injuries may not be visually distinct.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan KC, Patenall BL, Gardiner JE, Heylen RA, Thet N, He XP, Sedgwick AC, James TD, Jenkins ATA. TCF-based fluorescent probe for monitoring superoxide anion produced in bacteria under chloramphenicol- and heat-induced stress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13103-13106. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04662h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on a superoxide anion (O2˙−) responsive fluorescent probe called TCF-OTf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | | | - Naing Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patenall BL, Hathaway HJ, Laabei M, Young AE, Thet NT, Jenkins ATA, Short RD, Allinson SL. Assessment of mutations induced by cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment relative to known mutagens in Escherichia coli. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:380-387. [PMID: 34459491 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main bactericidal components of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) are thought to be reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and UV-radiation, both of which have the capacity to cause DNA damage and mutations. Here, the mutagenic effects of CAP on Escherichia coli were assessed in comparison to X- and UV-irradiation. DNA damage and mutagenesis were screened for using a diffusion-based DNA fragmentation assay and modified Ames test, respectively. Mutant colonies obtained from the latter were quantitated and sequenced. CAP was found to elicit a similar mutation spectrum to X-irradiation, which did not resemble that for UV implying that CAP-produced RONS are more likely the mutagenic component of CAP. CAP treatment was also shown to promote resistance to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Our data suggest that CAP treatment has mutagenic effects that may have important phenotypic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hollie J Hathaway
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
| | - Amber E Young
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Naing T Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Robert D Short
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sarah L Allinson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gwynne L, Williams GT, Yan KC, Patenall BL, Gardiner JE, He XP, Maillard JY, James TD, Sedgwick AC, Jenkins ATA. TCF-ALP: a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Staphylococcus bacteria and application in "smart" wound dressings. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4433-4439. [PMID: 34075906 PMCID: PMC8204156 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme-based biomarker present in several bacterial species; however, it is currently undervalued as a strategy to detect pathogenic bacteria. Here, we explore our ALP-responsive colorimetric and fluorescent probe (TCF-ALP) for such applications. TCF-ALP displayed a colorimetric and fluorescence response towards Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a limit of detection of 3.7 × 106 CFU mL-1 after 24 h incubation. To our surprise, TCF-ALP proved selective towards Staphylococcus bacteria when compared with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Selectivity was also seen in clinically relevant S. aureus biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence and surface location of S. aureus in chronic wounds, TCF-ALP was subsequently encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels as a proof-of-concept "smart" wound dressing. TCF-ALP hydrogels were capable of detecting S. aureus in planktonic and biofilm assays, and displayed a clear colour change from yellow to purple after 24 h incubation using ex vivo porcine skin models. Overall, TCF-ALP is a simple tool that requires no prior knowledge, training, or specialist equipment, and has the potential to overcome issues related to invasive swabbing and tissue biopsy methods. Thus, TCF-ALP could be used as a tool to monitor the early development of infection in a wound and allow for the rapid provision of appropriate treatment for Staphylococcal bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gwynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - George T Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. and School of Physical sciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Kai-Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee KS, Young A, King H, Jenkins ATA, Davies A. Variation in definitions of burn wound infection limits the validity of systematic review findings in burn care: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Burns 2021; 48:1-12. [PMID: 34127336 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews (SR) of high-quality randomised controlled trials can identify effective treatments for burn wound infections (BWIs). Clinical heterogeneity in outcome definitions can prevent valid evidence synthesis, which may limit the reliability of the findings of SRs affected by this heterogeneity. This SR aimed to investigate whether there is variation BWI definitions across studies in SRs of burn care interventions and its impact on identification of effective treatments for patients with burn injuries. METHODS A systematic search of five databases was conducted. Included SRs were: in English, published from January 2010 to October 2018, assessed intervention effects for patients with a burn injury, and reported data about BWI. RESULTS Twenty-nine SRs, which included 248 studies reporting BWI outcomes, were included in our final dataset. Three SRs used a definition of BWI to select studies for inclusion. Fourteen reported BWI definitions from included studies in the review results. There was heterogeneity of BWI definition in their included studies; across 29 SRs, 32 different BWI indicators were used, with the median across SRs ranging from 1 to 7 (range 1-14). Fourteen SRs accounted for BWI definition heterogeneity in their conclusions, indicating that the issue impacted whether a conclusion could be drawn, and limited the validity of the SR findings. CONCLUSIONS There is variation in BWI definition across SRs and within the studies included in SRs of interventions assessing BWI outcomes. This heterogeneity has prevented conclusions about intervention effects being drawn, and only half of the SR authors have accounted for it in their findings. Reviews that have collated this data without reference to the heterogeneity should be viewed with caution, since it may limit the validity of evidence for the identification of effective treatments for BWI. The use of a newly developed core indicator set to support consistent reporting of indicators and standardisation of BWI outcome reporting will enable effective evidence synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, United Kingdom
| | - Amber Young
- Children's Burns Research Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom; Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Canynge Hall, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley King
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, United Kingdom
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Davies
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1NU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milo S, Heylen RA, Glancy J, Williams GT, Patenall BL, Hathaway HJ, Thet NT, Allinson SL, Laabei M, Jenkins ATA. A small-molecular inhibitor against Proteus mirabilis urease to treat catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3726. [PMID: 33580163 PMCID: PMC7881204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and blockage of indwelling urinary catheters is significant owing to its high incidence rate and severe medical consequences. Bacterial enzymes are employed as targets for small molecular intervention in human bacterial infections. Urease is a metalloenzyme known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and virulence of catheter-associated Proteus mirabilis infection. Targeting urease as a therapeutic candidate facilitates the disarming of bacterial virulence without affecting bacterial fitness, thereby limiting the selective pressure placed on the invading population and lowering the rate at which it will acquire resistance. We describe the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of the small molecular enzyme inhibitor 2-mercaptoacetamide (2-MA), which can prevent encrustation and blockage of urinary catheters in a physiologically representative in vitro model of the catheterized urinary tract. 2-MA is a structural analogue of urea, showing promising competitive activity against urease. In silico docking experiments demonstrated 2-MA's competitive inhibition, whilst further quantum level modelling suggests two possible binding mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Milo
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Rachel A. Heylen
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - John Glancy
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - George T. Williams
- grid.9759.20000 0001 2232 2818School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
| | - Bethany L. Patenall
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Hollie J. Hathaway
- grid.9835.70000 0000 8190 6402Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - Naing T. Thet
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Sarah L. Allinson
- grid.9835.70000 0000 8190 6402Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - A. Toby A. Jenkins
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gwynne L, Williams GT, Yan K, Gardiner JE, Hilton KLF, Patenall BL, Hiscock JR, Maillard J, He X, James TD, Sedgwick AC, Jenkins ATA. The Evaluation of Ester Functionalised TCF‐Based Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Bacterial Species. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gwynne
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - George T. Williams
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
- School of Physical Sciences University of Kent CT2 7NH Canterbury UK
| | - Kai‐Cheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | | | - Kira L. F. Hilton
- School of Physical Sciences University of Kent CT2 7NH Canterbury UK
| | | | | | - Jean‐Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Cardiff University CF10 3NB Cardiff UK
| | - Xiao‐Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 P. R. China
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street A5300 Austin, Texas 78712–1224 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Young AE, Thet NT, Mercer-Chalmers J, Greenwood RJ, Coy K, Booth S, Sack A, Jenkins ATA. The SPaCE diagnostic: a pilot study to test the accuracy of a novel point of care sensor for point of care detection of burn wound infection. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:726-733. [PMID: 33022335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound infection in burn patients is common and has an impact on outcomes. There is no objective method to diagnose infection at point of care (PoC). Early diagnosis prevents progression to sepsis. Diagnostic subjectivity supports over-diagnosis, unnecessary hospitalization, and antibiotic overuse. AIM This pilot study aimed to investigate the accuracy of a novel PoC wound infection diagnostic in burn patients. METHODS We produced, and in vitro tested, a PoC diagnostic for early wound infection diagnosis. The prototype SPaCE diagnostic uses a patented lipid vesicle suspension into which a clinical swab is placed. The diagnostic delivers a colour-response to Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida species and Enterococcus faecalis at toxin release. A pilot clinical diagnostic accuracy study was undertaken. The reference standard was a retrospective decision made by an expert clinical panel using routinely available data. FINDINGS Data was available from 33 of 34 patients. Of these, 52% were considered to have a wound infection, 42% not, and two (6%) were equivocal. The diagnostic results showed 24% were infected, 42% were not and 33% produced intermediate results. Agreement between clinical judgement and diagnostic result, assessed using a weighted Kappa, was 0.591 suggesting moderate agreement. If the intermediate results were excluded, 22 sets of data with definitive results achieved a Kappa statistic of 0.81 suggesting 'almost perfect' agreement. Sensitivity and specificity were 57% (8/14) and 71% (12/17), respectively. CONCLUSION This pilot study provided evidence that the SPaCE diagnostic could provide valuable and timely data to support clinical decision-making at PoC for wound infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Young
- Children's Burn Research Centre, University Hospital Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - N T Thet
- Chemistry Department, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - R J Greenwood
- Research Design Service, Education Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - K Coy
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Booth
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - A Sack
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia Z, Han HH, Sedgwick AC, Williams GT, Gwynne L, Brewster JT, Bull SD, Jenkins ATA, He XP, Schönherr H, Sessler JL, James TD. Protein Encapsulation: A Nanocarrier Approach to the Fluorescence Imaging of an Enzyme-Based Biomarker. Front Chem 2020; 8:389. [PMID: 32582623 PMCID: PMC7283737 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new pentafluoropropanamido rhodamine fluorescent probe (ACS-HNE) that allows for the selective detection of neutrophil elastase (NE). ACS-HNE displayed high sensitivity, with a low limit of detection (<5.3 nM), and excellent selectivity toward elastase over other relevant biological analytes and enzymes. The comparatively poor solubility and cell permeability of neat ACS-HNE was improved by creating an ACS-HNE-albumin complex; this approach allowed for improvements in the in situ visualization of elastase activity in RAW 264.7 cells relative to ACS-HNE alone. The present study thus serves to demonstrate a simple universal strategy that may be used to overcome cell impermeability and solubility limitations, and to prepare probes suitable for the cellular imaging of enzymatic activity in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Lauren Gwynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Williams GT, Sedgwick AC, Sen S, Gwynne L, Gardiner JE, Brewster JT, Hiscock JR, James TD, Jenkins ATA, Sessler JL. Boronate ester cross-linked PVA hydrogels for the capture and H 2O 2-mediated release of active fluorophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5516-5519. [PMID: 32296797 PMCID: PMC7497407 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new set of PVA hydrogels were formed using the boronate ester fluorescent probe PF1 and the novel boronate fluorescent probe PT1 as the covalent crosslinkers. Treatment with aqueous H2O2 allowed triggered release of the fluorescent dye accompanied by complete dissolution of the hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George T Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. and School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th street A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Sajal Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th street A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Lauren Gwynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - James T Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th street A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th street A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murfin LC, Chiang K, Williams GT, Lyall CL, Jenkins ATA, Wenk J, James TD, Lewis SE. A Colorimetric Chemosensor Based on a Nozoe Azulene That Detects Fluoride in Aqueous/Alcoholic Media. Front Chem 2020; 8:10. [PMID: 32064247 PMCID: PMC7000628 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorimetry is an advantageous method for detecting fluoride in drinking water in a resource-limited context, e. g., in parts of the developing world where excess fluoride intake leads to harmful health effects. Here we report a selective colorimetric chemosensor for fluoride that employs an azulene as the reporter motif and a pinacolborane as the receptor motif. The chemosensor, NAz-6-Bpin, is prepared using the Nozoe azulene synthesis, which allows for its rapid and low-cost synthesis. The chemosensor gives a visually observable response to fluoride both in pure organic solvent and also in water/alcohol binary solvent mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd C Murfin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Catherine L Lyall
- Materials and Chemical Characterization (MC2), University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation & Research Centre, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patenall BL, Williams GT, Gwynne L, Stephens LJ, Lampard EV, Hathaway HJ, Thet NT, Young AE, Sutton MJ, Short RD, Bull SD, James TD, Sedgwick AC, Jenkins ATA. Reaction-based indicator displacement assay (RIA) for the development of a triggered release system capable of biofilm inhibition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15129-15132. [PMID: 31788680 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, a reaction-based indicator displacement hydrogel assay (RIA) was developed for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the oxidative release of the optical reporter Alizarin Red S (ARS). In the presence of H2O2, the RIA system displayed potent biofilm inhibition for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as shown through an in vitro assay quantifying antimicrobial efficacy. This work demonstrated the potential of H2O2-responsive hydrogels containing a covalently bound diol-based drug for controlled drug release.
Collapse
|
17
|
Davies A, Teare L, Falder S, Coy K, Dumville JC, Collins D, Moore L, Dheansa B, Jenkins ATA, Booth S, Agha R, Shah M, Marlow K, Young A. Protocol for the development of a core indicator set for reporting burn wound infection in trials: ICon-B study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026056. [PMID: 31092650 PMCID: PMC6530370 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews of high-quality randomised controlled trials are necessary to identify effective interventions to impact burn wound infection (BWI) outcomes. Evidence synthesis requires that BWI is reported in a consistent manner. Cochrane reviews investigating interventions for burns report that the indicators used to diagnose BWI are variable or not described, indicating a need to standardise reporting. BWI is complex and diagnosed by clinician judgement, informed by patient-reported symptoms, clinical signs, serum markers of inflammation and bacteria in the wound. Indicators for reporting BWI should be important for diagnosis, frequently observed in patients with BWI and assessed as part of routine healthcare. A minimum (core) set of indicators of BWI, reported consistently, will facilitate evidence synthesis and support clinical decision-making. AIMS The Infection Consensus in Burns study aims to identify a core indicator set for reporting the diagnosis of BWI in research studies. METHODS (1) Evidence review: a systematic review of indicators used in trials and observational studies reporting BWI outcomes to identify a long list of candidate indicators; (2) refinement of the long list into a smaller set of survey questions with an expert steering group; (3) a two-round Delphi survey with 100 multidisciplinary expert stakeholders, to achieve consensus on a short list of indicators; (4) a consensus meeting with expert stakeholders to agree on the BWI core indicator set. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Participants will be recruited through professional bodies, such that ethical approval from the National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority (HRA) is not needed. The core indicator set will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, co-production with journal editors, research funders and professional bodies, and presentation at national conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018096647.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Davies
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise Teare
- Department of Microbiology, Chelmsford Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Sian Falder
- Burns and Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Coy
- Centre for Children’s Burns Research, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jo C Dumville
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Declan Collins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Baljit Dheansa
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | | | - Simon Booth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Riaz Agha
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mamta Shah
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Marlow
- Burns and Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amber Young
- Centre for Children’s Burns Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gwynne L, Sedgwick AC, Gardiner JE, Williams GT, Kim G, Lowe JP, Maillard JY, Jenkins ATA, Bull SD, Sessler JL, Yoon J, James TD. Long Wavelength TCF-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase in Live Cells. Front Chem 2019; 7:255. [PMID: 31119120 PMCID: PMC6508040 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A long wavelength TCF-based fluorescent probe (TCF-ALP) was developed for the detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP-mediated hydrolysis of the phosphate group of TCF-ALP resulted in a significant fluorescence "turn on" (58-fold), which was accompanied by a colorimetric response from yellow to purple. TCF-ALP was cell-permeable, which allowed it to be used to image ALP in HeLa cells. Upon addition of bone morphogenic protein 2, TCF-ALP proved capable of imaging endogenously stimulated ALP in myogenic murine C2C12 cells. Overall, TCF-ALP offers promise as an effective fluorescent/colorimetric probe for evaluating phosphatase activity in clinical assays or live cell systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gwynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven D. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sedgwick AC, Dou WT, Jiao JB, Wu L, Williams GT, Jenkins ATA, Bull SD, Sessler JL, He XP, James TD. An ESIPT Probe for the Ratiometric Imaging of Peroxynitrite Facilitated by Binding to Aβ-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14267-14271. [PMID: 30277762 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) ESIPT (excited-state intramolecular proton transfer) boronate-based fluorescent probes have been developed for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The dyes are environmentally sensitive, and each probe exhibited a ratiometric response toward ONOO- in a micellar environment. The probes were used to image different aggregation states of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the presence of ONOO-. The 3-HF-OMe probe was found to produce a ratiometric response toward ONOO- when bound to Aβ aggregates, resulting in a novel host-guest ensemble, which adds insight into the development of other ESIPT-based probes for the simultaneous sensing of fibrous proteins/peptides and environmental ROS/RNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K.,Department of Chemistry . University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Wei-Tao Dou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jin-Biao Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| | | | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry . University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street A5300 , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K.,Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology , Sophia University , 7-1 Kioi-cho , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sedgwick AC, Gardiner JE, Kim G, Yevglevskis M, Lloyd MD, Jenkins ATA, Bull SD, Yoon J, James TD. Long-wavelength TCF-based fluorescence probes for the detection and intracellular imaging of biological thiols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4786-4789. [PMID: 29683468 PMCID: PMC5944426 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01661e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Two ‘turn on’ TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH).
Two ‘turn on’ TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH). TCF-GSH was shown to have a high sensitivity towards glutathione (GSH) with a 0.28 μM limit of detection. Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. However, TCFCl-GSH was shown to be able to detect GSH at biologically relevant concentrations with a 0.45 μM limit of detection. No toxicity was found for TCFCl-GSH and a clear ‘turn on’ with good photostability was observed for the exogenous addition of GSH, Cys and HCys. Furthermore, TCFCl-GSH was used to evaluate the effects of drug treatment on the levels of GSH in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alves DR, Booth SP, Scavone P, Schellenberger P, Salvage J, Dedi C, Thet NT, Jenkins ATA, Waters R, Ng KW, Overall ADJ, Metcalfe AD, Nzakizwanayo J, Jones BV. Development of a High-Throughput ex-Vivo Burn Wound Model Using Porcine Skin, and Its Application to Evaluate New Approaches to Control Wound Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:196. [PMID: 29963501 PMCID: PMC6013584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation in wounds is considered a major barrier to successful treatment, and has been associated with the transition of wounds to a chronic non-healing state. Here, we present a novel laboratory model of wound biofilm formation using ex-vivo porcine skin and a custom burn wound array device. The model supports high-throughput studies of biofilm formation and is compatible with a range of established methods for monitoring bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and gene expression. We demonstrate the use of this model by evaluating the potential for bacteriophage to control biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, and for population density dependant expression of S. aureus virulence factors (regulated by the Accessory Gene Regulator, agr) to signal clinically relevant wound infection. Enumeration of colony forming units and metabolic activity using the XTT assay, confirmed growth of bacteria in wounds and showed a significant reduction in viable cells after phage treatment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the growth of biofilms in wounds, and showed phage treatment could significantly reduce the formation of these communities. Evaluation of agr activity by qRT-PCR showed an increase in activity during growth in wound models for most strains. Activation of a prototype infection-responsive dressing designed to provide a visual signal of wound infection, was related to increased agr activity. In all assays, excellent reproducibility was observed between replicates using this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Alves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.,The Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.,The Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Booth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.,The Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Scavone
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pascale Schellenberger
- Electron Microscopy Imaging Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Salvage
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Dedi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Naing-Tun Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Waters
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Keng W Ng
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D J Overall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Metcalfe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.,The Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Nzakizwanayo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Brian V Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.,The Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Milo S, Nzakizwanayo J, Hathaway HJ, Jones BV, Jenkins ATA. Emerging medical and engineering strategies for the prevention of long-term indwelling catheter blockage. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 233:68-83. [PMID: 29807465 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918776691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Urinary catheters have been used on an intermittent or indwelling basis for centuries, in order to relieve urinary retention and incontinence. Nevertheless, the use of urinary catheters in the clinical setting is fraught with complication, the most common of which is the development of nosocomial urinary tract infections, known as catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infections of this nature are not only significant owing to their high incidence rate and subsequent economic burden but also to the severe medical consecutions that result. A range of techniques have been employed in recent years, utilising various technologies in attempts to counteract the perilous medical cascade following catheter blockage. This review will focus on the current advancement (within the last 10 years) in prevention of encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling catheters both from engineering and medical perspectives, with particular emphasis on the importance of stimuli-responsive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Milo
- 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jonathan Nzakizwanayo
- 2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Brian V Jones
- 4 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Milo S, Acosta FB, Hathaway HJ, Wallace LA, Thet NT, Jenkins ATA. Development of an Infection-Responsive Fluorescent Sensor for the Early Detection of Urinary Catheter Blockage. ACS Sens 2018; 3:612-617. [PMID: 29443508 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formation of crystalline biofilms following infection by Proteus mirabilis can lead to encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling catheters, with serious clinical consequences. We describe a simple sensor, placed within the catheter drainage bag, to alert of impending blockage via a urinary color change. The pH-responsive sensor is a dual-layered polymeric "lozenge", able to release the self-quenching dye 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein in response to the alkaline urine generated by the expression of bacterial urease. Sensor performance was evaluated within a laboratory model of the catheterized urinary tract, infected with both urease positive and negative bacterial strains under conditions of established infection, achieving an average "early warning" of catheter blockage of 14.5 h. Signaling only occurred following infection with urease positive bacteria. Translation of these sensors into a clinical environment would allow appropriate intervention before the occurrence of catheter blockage, a problem for which there is currently no effective control method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hollie J. Hathaway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Laura A. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Naing T. Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - A. Toby A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thet NT, Wallace L, Wibaux A, Boote N, Jenkins ATA. Development of a mixed-species biofilm model and its virulence implications in device related infections. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018. [PMID: 29520965 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly accepted that to understand and model the bacterial colonization and infection of abiotic surfaces requires the use of a biofilm model. There are many bacterial colonizations by at least two primary species, however this is difficult to model in vitro. This study reports the development of a simple mixed-species biofilm model using strains of two clinically significant bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on nanoporous polycarbonate membranes on nutrient agar support. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the complex biofilm characteristics of two bacteria blending in extensive extracellular matrices. Using a prototype wound dressing which detects cytolytic virulence factors, the virulence secretion of 30 single and 40 mixed-species biofilms was tested. P. aeruginosa was seen to out-compete S. aureus, resulting in a biofilm with P. aeruginosa dominating. In situ growth of mixed-species biofilm under prototype dressings showed a real-time correlation between the viable biofilm population and their associated virulence factors, as seen by dressing fluorescent assay. This paper aims to provide a protocol for scientists working in the field of device related infection to create mixed-species biofilms and demonstrate that such biofilms are persistently more virulent in real infections. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 129-137, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naing T Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Laura Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | - Anne Wibaux
- Scapa Healthcare, Hilldrop Lane, Ramsbury, Marlborough, SN8 2RB, UK
| | - Nick Boote
- Scapa Healthcare, Hilldrop Lane, Ramsbury, Marlborough, SN8 2RB, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lampard EV, Sedgwick AC, Sombuttan T, Williams GT, Wannalerse B, Jenkins ATA, Bull SD, James TD. Dye Displacement Assay for Saccharides using Benzoxaborole Hydrogels. ChemistryOpen 2018. [PMID: 29531891 PMCID: PMC5838390 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye displacement assays are a simple but effective method to determine the concentration of target analytes. Previously, we have shown that phenylboronic acid pinacol ester hydrogels (borogels) can be used to develop a boronic acid–Alizarin red S dye displacement assay for the determination of fructose (orange to red). In this work, benzoxaborole hydrogels (BOBgels) were developed, and these BOBgels demonstrated an enhanced apparent binding affinity towards monosaccharides, in particular towards glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Lampard
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | | | - Thitima Sombuttan
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Boontana Wannalerse
- The Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand.,The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath BA2 7AY Bath UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Milo S, Hathaway H, Nzakizwanayo J, Alves DR, Esteban PP, Jones BV, Jenkins ATA. Prevention of encrustation and blockage of urinary catheters by Proteus mirabilis via pH-triggered release of bacteriophage. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5403-5411. [PMID: 32264080 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The crystalline biofilms of Proteus mirabilis can seriously complicate the care of patients undergoing long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation. Expression of bacterial urease causes a significant increase in urinary pH, leading to the supersaturation and precipitation of struvite and apatite crystals. These crystals become lodged within the biofilm, resulting in the blockage of urine flow through the catheter. Here, we describe an infection-responsive surface coating for urinary catheters, which releases a therapeutic dose of bacteriophage in response to elevated urinary pH, in order to delay catheter blockage. The coating employs a dual-layered system comprising of a lower hydrogel 'reservoir' layer impregnated with bacteriophage, capped by a 'trigger' layer of the pH-responsive polymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (EUDRAGIT®S 100). Evaluation of prototype coatings using a clinically reflective in vitro bladder model system showed that catheter blockage time was doubled (13 h to 26 h (P < 0.05)) under conditions of established infection (108 CFU ml-1) in response to a 'burst-release' of bacteriophage (108 PFU ml-1). Coatings were stable both in the absence of infection, and in the presence of urease-negative bacteria. Quantitative and visual analysis of crystalline biofilm reduction show that bacteriophage constitute a promising strategy for the prevention of catheter blockage, a clinical problem for which there is currently no effective control method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gomes-Fernandes M, Laabei M, Pagan N, Hidalgo J, Molinos S, Villar Hernandez R, Domínguez-Villanueva D, Jenkins ATA, Lacoma A, Prat C. Accessory gene regulator (Agr) functionality in Staphylococcus aureus derived from lower respiratory tract infections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175552. [PMID: 28410390 PMCID: PMC5391941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates derived from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and correlation between the functionality of the accessory gene regulator (Agr) and genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, clinical variables and clinical outcome. Methods S aureus isolates derived from LRTIs and control groups (nasal carriage and bacteraemia) were genotyped using StaphyType DNA microarray. Agr activity was evaluated using the CAMP synergistic haemolysis assay and the Vesicle Lysis Test (VLT). Discordant strains were analysed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Agr was functional in 79.7% and 84.5% of strains according to the CAMP and VLT assays respectively. Higher concordance with RNAIII expression measured by qRT-PCR was observed with the VLT assay (76.2%) compared with the CAMP assay (23.8%). No statistically significant differences were observed in Agr functionality between the study groups, nor the phenotypical/genotypical bacterial characteristics. No association between increased mortality/respiratory complications and Agr function was observed. Conclusions Agr activity was high (82.2%) in isolates from LRTIs suggesting the importance of this global regulator in lower respiratory tract colonisation and infection. However, equally high Agr activity was observed in isolates derived from nasal carriage and bacteraemia, contradictory to previous observations. Agr functionality measured by the VLT assay was superior to CAMP assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meissiner Gomes-Fernandes
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Pagan
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jessica Hidalgo
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sònia Molinos
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar Hernandez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Dídac Domínguez-Villanueva
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Lacoma
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’ Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badalona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hathaway H, Ajuebor J, Stephens L, Coffey A, Potter U, Sutton JM, Jenkins ATA. Thermally triggered release of the bacteriophage endolysin CHAP K and the bacteriocin lysostaphin for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Control Release 2016; 245:108-115. [PMID: 27908758 PMCID: PMC5234552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and soft tissue pose a major concern to public health, largely owing to the steadily increasing prevalence of drug resistant isolates. As an alternative mode of treatment both bacteriophage endolysins and bacteriocins have been shown to possess antimicrobial efficacy against multiple species of bacteria including otherwise drug resistant strains. Despite this, the administration and exposure of such antimicrobials should be restricted until required in order to discourage the continued evolution of bacterial resistance, whilst maintaining the activity and stability of such proteinaceous structures. Utilising the increase in skin temperature during infection, the truncated bacteriophage endolysin CHAPK and the staphylococcal bacteriocin lysostaphin have been co-administered in a thermally triggered manner from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive nature of the PNIPAM polymer has been employed in order to achieve the controlled expulsion of a synergistic enzybiotic cocktail consisting of CHAPK and lysostaphin. The point at which this occurs is modifiable, in this case corresponding to the threshold temperature associated with an infected wound. Consequently, bacterial lysis was observed at 37 °C, whilst growth was maintained at the uninfected skin temperature of 32 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jude Ajuebor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Liam Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928, Ireland
| | - Ursula Potter
- Microscopy and Analysis Suite, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, Public Health England, Porton Down, SP4 0JG, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thet NT, Alves DR, Bean JE, Booth S, Nzakizwanayo J, Young AER, Jones BV, Jenkins ATA. Prototype Development of the Intelligent Hydrogel Wound Dressing and Its Efficacy in the Detection of Model Pathogenic Wound Biofilms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:14909-19. [PMID: 26492095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of wound infection in situ can dramatically improve patient care pathways and clinical outcomes. There is increasing evidence that within an infected wound the main bacterial mode of living is a biofilm: a confluent community of adherent bacteria encased in an extracellular polymeric matrix. Here we have reported the development of a prototype wound dressing, which switches on a fluorescent color when in contact with pathogenic wound biofilms. The dressing is made of a hydrated agarose film in which the fluorescent dye containing vesicles were mixed with agarose and dispersed within the hydrogel matrix. The static and dynamic models of wound biofilms, from clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, were established on nanoporous polycarbonate membrane for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the dressing response to the biofilms on the prototype dressing evaluated. The dressing indicated a clear fluorescent/color response within 4 h, only observed when in contact with biofilms produced by a pathogenic strain. The sensitivity of the dressing to biofilms was dependent on the species and strain types of the bacterial pathogens involved, but a relatively higher response was observed in strains considered good biofilm formers. There was a clear difference in the levels of dressing response, when dressings were tested on bacteria grown in biofilm or in planktonic cultures, suggesting that the level of expression of virulence factors is different depending of the growth mode. Colorimetric detection on wound biofilms of prevalent pathogens (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis) is also demonstrated using an ex vivo porcine skin model of burn wound infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - D R Alves
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
- Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - J E Bean
- Blond McIndoe Research Foundation, Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Booth
- Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Nzakizwanayo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - A E R Young
- Healing Foundation Children's Burns Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust , Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
| | - B V Jones
- Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton , Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Esteban PP, Jenkins ATA, Arnot TC. Elucidation of the mechanisms of action of Bacteriophage K/nano-emulsion formulations against S. aureus via measurement of particle size and zeta potential. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Milo S, Thet NT, Liu D, Nzakizwanayo J, Jones BV, Jenkins ATA. An in-situ infection detection sensor coating for urinary catheters. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:166-172. [PMID: 26945183 PMCID: PMC4833687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel infection-responsive coating for urinary catheters that provides a clear visual early warning of Proteus mirabilis infection and subsequent blockage. The crystalline biofilms of P. mirabilis can cause serious complications for patients undergoing long-term bladder catheterisation. Healthy urine is around pH 6, bacterial urease increases urine pH leading to the precipitation of calcium and magnesium deposits from the urine, resulting in dense crystalline biofilms on the catheter surface that blocks urine flow. The coating is a dual layered system in which the lower poly(vinyl alcohol) layer contains the self-quenching dye carboxyfluorescein. This is capped by an upper layer of the pH responsive polymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (Eudragit S100®). Elevation of urinary pH (>pH 7) dissolves the Eudragit layer, releasing the dye to provide a clear visual warning of impending blockage. Evaluation of prototype coatings using a clinically relevant in vitro bladder model system demonstrated that coatings provide up to 12 h advanced warning of blockage, and are stable both in the absence of infection, and in the presence of species that do not cause catheter blockage. At the present time, there are no effective methods to control these infections or provide warning of impending catheter blockage. Development of a dual-layered diagnostic coating sensor for urinary catheter. Provides advance warning of infection by P. mirabilis in response to alkaline urine. Read out via release of carboxyfluorescein dye from coating into urine leg bag. Catheter prototypes ‘report’ infection 12 h before blockage by P. mirablis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Naing Tun Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Brian V Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK; Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Williams TL, Urbanc B, Marshall KE, Vadukul DM, Jenkins ATA, Serpell LC. Europium as an inhibitor of Amyloid-β(1-42) induced membrane permeation. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3228-36. [PMID: 26450778 PMCID: PMC4641243 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Europium ions complex with GM1 gangliosides in phospholipid membranes. Europium ions cause inhibition Aβ–membrane interactions. Europium blocks an Aβ receptor protecting against membrane permeation. Discrete Aβ binding events correlate to specific membrane permeation events.
Soluble Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers are a source of cytotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The toxicity of Aβ oligomers may arise from their ability to interact with and disrupt cellular membranes mediated by GM1 ganglioside receptors within these membranes. Therefore, inhibition of Aβ–membrane interactions could provide a means of preventing the toxicity associated with Aβ. Here, using Surface Plasmon field-enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy, we determine that the lanthanide, Europium III chloride (Eu3+), strongly binds to GM1 ganglioside-containing membranes and prevents the interaction with Aβ42 leading to a loss of the peptides ability to cause membrane permeation. Here we discuss the molecular mechanism by which Eu3+ inhibits Aβ42-membrane interactions and this may lead to protection of membrane integrity against Aβ42 induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK; Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Brigita Urbanc
- Physics Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karen E Marshall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Devkee M Vadukul
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK
| | | | - Louise C Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thet NT, Jenkins ATA. An electrochemical sensor concept for the detection of bacterial virulence factors from Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
34
|
Hathaway H, Alves DR, Bean J, Esteban PP, Ouadi K, Mark Sutton J, Jenkins ATA. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) (PNIPAM-co-ALA) nanospheres for the thermally triggered release of Bacteriophage K. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:437-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Hathaway HJ, Sutton JM, Jenkins ATA. Study into the kinetic properties and surface attachment of a thermostable adenylate kinase. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 1:1-7. [PMID: 26339684 PMCID: PMC4547157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermostable adenylate kinase (tAK) has been used as model protein contaminant on surfaces, so used because residual protein after high temperature wash steps can be detected at extremely low concentrations. This gives the potential for accurate, quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of different wash processes in removing protein contamination. Current methods utilise non-covalent (physisorbtion) of tAK to surfaces, but this can be relatively easily removed. In this study, the covalent binding of tAK to surfaces was studied to provide an alternative model for surface contamination. Kinetic analysis showed that the efficiency of the enzyme expressed as the catalytic rate over the Michaelis constant (kcat/KM) increased from 8.45±3.04 mM−1 s−1 in solution to 32.23±3.20 or 24.46±4.41 mM−1 s−1 when the enzyme was immobilised onto polypropylene or plasma activated polypropylene respectively. Maleic anhydride plasma activated polypropylene showed potential to provide a more robust challenge for washing processes as it retained significantly higher amounts of tAK enzyme than polypropylene in simple washing experiments. Inhibition of the coupled enzyme (luciferase/luciferin) system used for the detection of adenylate kinase activity, was observed for a secondary product of the reaction. This needs to be taken into consideration when using the assay to estimate cleaning efficacy. Evaluation of adenylate kinase based biosensor. Michaelis–Menten kinetic analysis. Surface coupling using plasma deposited maleic anhydride. Enzyme inhibition via luciferase coupled system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Hathaway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath and North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- Technology Development Group, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - A T A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath and North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Laabei M, Jamieson WD, Yang Y, van den Elsen J, Jenkins ATA. Investigating the lytic activity and structural properties of Staphylococcus aureus phenol soluble modulin (PSM) peptide toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1838:3153-61. [PMID: 25194683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, expresses a large arsenal of virulence factors essential for pathogenesis. The phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are a family of cytolytic peptide toxins which have multiple roles in staphylococcal virulence. To gain an insight into which specific factors are important in PSM-mediated cell membrane disruption, the lytic activity of individual PSM peptides against phospholipid vesicles and T cells was investigated. Vesicles were most susceptible to lysis by the PSMα subclass of peptides (α1-3 in particular), when containing between 10 and 30mol% cholesterol, which for these vesicles is the mixed solid ordered (so)-liquid ordered (lo) phase. Our results show that the PSMβ class of peptides has little effect on vesicles at concentrations comparable to that of the PSMα class and exhibited no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, within the PSMα class, differences emerged with PSMα4 showing decreased vesicle and cytotoxic activity in comparison to its counterparts, in contrast to previous studies. In order to understand this, peptides were studied using helical wheel projections and circular dichroism measurements. The degree of amphipathicity, alpha-helicity and properties such as charge and hydrophobicity were calculated, allowing a structure-function relationship to be inferred. The degree of alpha-helicity of the peptides was the single most important property of the seven peptides studied in predicting their lytic activity. These results help to redefine this class of peptide toxins and also highlight certain membrane parameters required for efficient lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maisem Laabei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - W David Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jean van den Elsen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thet NT, Jamieson WD, Laabei M, Mercer-Chalmers JD, Jenkins ATA. Photopolymerization of Polydiacetylene in Hybrid Liposomes: Effect of Polymerization on Stability and Response to Pathogenic Bacterial Toxins. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5418-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naing Tun Thet
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - William David Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - June D. Mercer-Chalmers
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A. Toby A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Malzahn K, Jamieson WD, Dröge M, Mailänder V, Jenkins ATA, Weiss CK, Landfester K. Advanced dextran based nanogels for fightingStaphylococcus aureusinfections by sustained zinc release. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2175-2183. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21335h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc loaded polysaccharide based nanogel shell hybrid structures with prolonged zinc retention and antibacterial activity are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Malzahn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
- Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Dröge
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz, Germany
- III. Medical Clinic
- University Medical Center
- 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Clemens K. Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- Mainz, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences Bingen
- 55411 Bingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Marshall SE, Hong SH, Thet NT, Jenkins ATA. Effect of lipid and fatty acid composition of phospholipid vesicles on long-term stability and their response to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa supernatants. Langmuir 2013; 29:6989-6995. [PMID: 23668367 DOI: 10.1021/la401679u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles have been the focus of attention as potential vehicles for drug delivery, as they are biomimetic, easy to produce, and contain an aqueous compartment which can be used to carry hydrophilic material, such as drugs or dyes. Lipid vesicles used for this purpose present a particular challenge, as they are not especially stable and can rapidly break down and release their contents away from the target area, especially at physiological temperatures/environments. This study aims to investigate optimum methods for vesicle stabilization where the vesicles are employed as part of a system or technology that signals the presence of pathogenic bacteria via the effect of secreted cytolytic virulence factors on a sensor interface. A number of approaches have been investigated and are presented here as a systematic study of the long-term (14 day) stability at 37 °C, and at various pHs. The response of vesicles, both in suspension and within hydrogels, to Staphylococcus aureus (RN 4282) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) whole bacteria, and supernatants from overnight cultures of both (containing secreted proteins but free of cells), was measured via a sensitive encapsulated carboxyfluorescein release assay. The results showed that lipid chain length, cholesterol concentration, and stabilization via photopolymer stable components were critical in achieving stability. Finally, dispersion of the optimum vesicle formulation in hydrogel matrixes was investigated, culminating in the in vivo demonstration of a simple prototype wound dressing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Marshall
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bull SD, Davidson MG, van den Elsen JMH, Fossey JS, Jenkins ATA, Jiang YB, Kubo Y, Marken F, Sakurai K, Zhao J, James TD. Exploiting the reversible covalent bonding of boronic acids: recognition, sensing, and assembly. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:312-26. [PMID: 23148559 DOI: 10.1021/ar300130w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Boronic acids can interact with Lewis bases to generate boronate anions, and they can also bind with diol units to form cyclic boronate esters. Boronic acid based receptor designs originated when Lorand and Edwards used the pH drop observed upon the addition of saccharides to boronic acids to determine their association constants. The inherent acidity of the boronic acid is enhanced when 1,2-, 1,3-, or 1,4-diols react with boronic acids to form cyclic boronic esters (5, 6, or 7 membered rings) in aqueous media, and these interactions form the cornerstone of diol-based receptors used in the construction of sensors and separation systems. In addition, the recognition of saccharides through boronic acid complex (or boronic ester) formation often relies on an interaction between a Lewis acidic boronic acid and a Lewis base (proximal tertiary amine or anion). These properties of boronic acids have led to them being exploited in sensing and separation systems for anions (Lewis bases) and saccharides (diols). The fast and stable bond formation between boronic acids and diols to form boronate esters can serve as the basis for forming reversible molecular assemblies. In spite of the stability of the boronate esters' covalent B-O bonds, their formation is reversible under certain conditions or under the action of certain external stimuli. The reversibility of boronate ester formation and Lewis acid-base interactions has also resulted in the development and use of boronic acids within multicomponent systems. The dynamic covalent functionality of boronic acids with structure-directing potential has led researchers to develop a variety of self-organizing systems including macrocycles, cages, capsules, and polymers. This Account gives an overview of research published about boronic acids over the last 5 years. We hope that this Account will inspire others to continue the work on boronic acids and reversible covalent chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | | | - John S. Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 808-0135 Japan
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fossey JS, D'Hooge F, van den Elsen JMH, Pereira Morais MP, Pascu SI, Bull SD, Marken F, Jenkins ATA, Jiang YB, James TD. The development of boronic acids as sensors and separation tools. CHEM REC 2012; 12:464-78. [PMID: 22791631 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic receptors for diols that incorporate boronic acid motifs have been developed as new sensors and separation tools. Utilizing the reversible interactions of diols with boronic acids to form boronic esters under new binding regimes has provided new hydrogel constructs that have found use as dye-displacement sensors and electrophoretic separation tools; similarly, molecular boronic-acid-containing chemosensors were constructed that offer applications in the sensing of diols. This review provides a somewhat-personal perspective of developments in boronic-acid-mediated sensing and separation, placed in the context of the seminal works of others in the area, as well as offering a concise summary of the contributions of the co-authors in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Fossey
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK..
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
D'Hooge F, Elfeky SA, Flower SE, Pascu SI, Jenkins ATA, Elsen JMHVD, James TD, Fossey JS. Biotinylated boronic acid fluorophore conjugates: Quencher elimination strategy for imaging and saccharide detection. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
44
|
James C, Johnson AL, Jenkins ATA. Antimicrobial surface grafted thermally responsive PNIPAM-co-ALA nano-gels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12777-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
Cummings CY, Roweth AH, Ching AK, Jenkins ATA, Mitchels JM, Shariki S, Liew SY, Thielemans W, Walsh DA, Marken F. Facile cation electro-insertion into layer-by-layer assembled iron phytate films. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
46
|
Jones RT, Sanchez-Contreras M, Vlisidou I, Amos MR, Yang G, Muñoz-Berbel X, Upadhyay A, Potter UJ, Joyce SA, Ciche TA, Jenkins ATA, Bagby S, Ffrench-Constant RH, Waterfield NR. Photorhabdus adhesion modification protein (Pam) binds extracellular polysaccharide and alters bacterial attachment. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:141. [PMID: 20462430 PMCID: PMC2878306 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photorhabdus are Gram-negative nematode-symbiotic and insect-pathogenic bacteria. The species Photorhabdus asymbiotica is able to infect humans as well as insects. We investigated the secreted proteome of a clinical isolate of P. asymbiotica at different temperatures in order to identify proteins relevant to the infection of the two different hosts. RESULTS A comparison of the proteins secreted by a clinical isolate of P. asymbiotica at simulated insect (28 degrees C) and human (37 degrees C) temperatures led to the identification of a small and highly abundant protein, designated Pam, that is only secreted at the lower temperature. The pam gene is present in all Photorhabdus strains tested and shows a high level of conservation across the whole genus, suggesting it is both ancestral to the genus and probably important to the biology of the bacterium. The Pam protein shows limited sequence similarity to the 13.6 kDa component of a binary toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis. Nevertheless, injection or feeding of heterologously produced Pam showed no insecticidal activity to either Galleria mellonella or Manduca sexta larvae. In bacterial colonies, Pam is associated with an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS)-like matrix, and modifies the ability of wild-type cells to attach to an artificial surface. Interestingly, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) binding studies revealed that the Pam protein itself has adhesive properties. Although Pam is produced throughout insect infection, genetic knockout does not affect either insect virulence or the ability of P. luminescens to form a symbiotic association with its host nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. CONCLUSIONS We studied a highly abundant protein, Pam, which is secreted in a temperature-dependent manner in P. asymbiotica. Our findings indicate that Pam plays an important role in enhancing surface attachment in insect blood. Its association with exopolysaccharide suggests it may exert its effect through mediation of EPS properties. Despite its abundance and conservation in the genus, we find no evidence for a role of Pam in either virulence or symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA27AY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Loftus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Mulley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bonné MJ, Galbraith E, James TD, Wasbrough MJ, Edler KJ, Jenkins ATA, Helton M, McKee A, Thielemans W, Psillakis E, Marken F. Boronic aciddendrimerreceptor modified nanofibrillar cellulose membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
This study describes the development of a novel assay to detect fungal DNA and identify the most clinically relevant invasive human pathogenic fungi to the species level using oligonucleotide probes, labelled with electrochemically active groups, and solid-state electrodes. A panfungal probe designed against the 18S rRNA gene region, capable of detecting all fungal pathogens tested, and species-specific probes, designed against the ITS2 region for detection of the five Candida species most commonly encountered in the clinical setting (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis species complex, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis), are described. When tested with PCR-amplified DNA from both type and clinical strains of the relevant species, the probes were able to positively identify the relevant fungi, indicated by production of a current significantly elevated above the background reading. No cross-reactivity was observed with any of the species-specific probes when compared with nine non-target Candida species or in the presence of human DNA equivalent to an equal number of ITS2 targets. The panfungal probe gave results that were similarly positive against 15 other fungal species and also did not cross-react with human DNA. The limit of detection of the assay was shown to be approximately 1 genome equivalent for all probes using extracted genomic DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Muir
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Gordon Forrest
- Atlas Genetics Ltd, White Horse Industrial Park, Trowbridge, UK
| | - John Clarkson
- Atlas Genetics Ltd, White Horse Industrial Park, Trowbridge, UK
| | - Alan Wheals
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Meierhofer T, van den Elsen JMH, Cameron PJ, Muñoz-Berbel X, Jenkins ATA. The interaction of serum albumin with cholesterol containing lipid vesicles. J Fluoresc 2009; 20:371-6. [PMID: 19644737 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction of both human blood serum (the primary fraction of which is serum albumin) and pure human serum albumin (HSA) with surface immobilised lipid vesicles was measured by combined Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Surface Plasmon enhanced Fluorescence (SPEFS), and fluorescence microscopy. It was found that both blood serum and HSA showed specific binding to vesicles which contained cholesterol, resulting in increased membrane permeability and release of encapsulated fluorescent dye. This effect was not seen with heat inactivated blood serum, heat inactivated HSA or in vesicles not containing cholesterol. These results suggest that HSA may have a physiological role over and beyond that of fatty acid carrier, possibly acting to regulate vascular endothelial cell cholesterol concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Meierhofer
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Universität Regensburg, 93051, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|