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Kim SH, Hind CK, Fernandes GFS, Wu J, Semenya D, Clifford M, Marsh C, Anselmi S, Mason AJ, Bruce KD, Sutton JM, Castagnolo D. Development of Novel Membrane Disrupting Lipoguanidine Compounds Sensitizing Gram-Negative Bacteria to Antibiotics. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:239-249. [PMID: 38352828 PMCID: PMC10860194 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A new class of amphiphilic molecules, the lipoguanidines, designed as hybrids of guanidine and fatty acid compounds, has been synthesized and developed. The new molecules present both a guanidine polar head and a lipophilic tail that allow them to disrupt bacterial membranes and to sensitize Gram-negative bacteria to the action of the narrow-spectrum antibiotics rifampicin and novobiocin. The lipoguanidine 5g sensitizes Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli to rifampicin, thereby reducing the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) up to 256-fold. Similarly, 5g is able to potentiate novobiocin up to 64-fold, thereby showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic potentiating activity. Toxicity and mechanism studies revealed the potential of 5g to work synergistically with rifampicin through the disruption of bacterial membranes without affecting eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Heun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme F. S. Fernandes
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyue Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Semenya
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Marsh
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anselmi
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D. Bruce
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Antimicrobial
Discovery, Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Development and Evaluation
Centre, UKHSA Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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2
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Ramos C, Lorenz K, Putrinš M, Hind CK, Meos A, Laidmäe I, Tenson T, Sutton JM, Mason AJ, Kogermann K. Fibrous matrices facilitate pleurocidin killing of wound associated bacterial pathogens. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106648. [PMID: 37992909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wound infection treatments neither actively promote wound healing nor address the growing problem of antibacterial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural defense molecules, released from host cells, which may be rapidly bactericidal, modulate host-immune responses, and/or act as endogenous mediators for wound healing. However, their routine clinical use has hitherto been hindered due to their instability in the wound environment. Here we describe an electrospun carrier system for topical application of pleurocidin, demonstrating sufficient AMP release from matrices to kill wound-associated pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pleurocidin can be incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber matrices, using coaxial electrospinning, without major drug loss with a peptide content of 0.7% w/w predicted sufficient to kill most wound associated species. Pleurocidin retains its activity on release from the electrospun fiber matrix and completely inhibits growth of two strains of A. baumannii (AYE; ATCC 17978) and other ESKAPE pathogens. Inhibition of P. aeruginosa strains (PAO1; NCTC 13437) is, however, matrix weight per volume dependent, with only larger/thicker matrices maintaining complete inhibition. The resulting estimation of pleurocidin release from the matrix reveals high efficiency, facilitating a greater AMP potency. Wound matrices are often applied in parallel or sequentially with the use of standard wound care with biocides, therefore the presence and effect of biocides on pleurocidin potency was tested. It was revealed that combinations displayed additive or modestly synergistic effects depending on the biocide and pathogens which should be considered during the therapy. Taken together, we show that electrospun, pleurocidin-loaded wound matrices have potential to be investigated for wound infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Ramos
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King´s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kairi Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marta Putrinš
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Meos
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King´s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King´s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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3
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Bou-Antoun S, Rokadiya S, Ashiru-Oredope D, Demirjian A, Sherwood E, Ellaby N, Gerver S, Grossi C, Harman K, Hartman H, Lochen A, Ragonnet-Cronin M, Squire H, Sutton JM, Thelwall S, Tree J, Bahar MW, Stuart DI, Brown CS, Chand M, Hopkins S. COVID-19 therapeutics: stewardship in England and considerations for antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:ii37-ii42. [PMID: 37995354 PMCID: PMC10666993 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic saw unprecedented resources and funds driven into research for the development, and subsequent rapid distribution, of vaccines, diagnostics and directly acting antivirals (DAAs). DAAs have undeniably prevented progression and life-threatening conditions in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, there are concerns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), antiviral resistance specifically, for DAAs. To preserve activity of DAAs for COVID-19 therapy, as well as detect possible mutations conferring resistance, antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance were rapidly implemented in England. This paper expands on the ubiquitous ongoing public health activities carried out in England, including epidemiologic, virologic and genomic surveillance, to support the stewardship of DAAs and assess the deployment, safety, effectiveness and resistance potential of these novel and repurposed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Bou-Antoun
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Sakib Rokadiya
- Genomics Public Health Analysis (GPHA), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Diane Ashiru-Oredope
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Alicia Demirjian
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Sherwood
- Clinical and Emerging Infections (CEI), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Nicholas Ellaby
- Genomics Public Health Analysis (GPHA), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Sarah Gerver
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Carlota Grossi
- COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Service Public Health Advice, Guidance and Expertise (PHAGE), UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Katie Harman
- COVID-19 Vaccines and Applied Epidemiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Hassan Hartman
- Genomics Public Health Analysis (GPHA), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Alessandra Lochen
- Tuberculosis (TB), Acute Respiratory, Zoonoses, Emerging and Travel infections Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- Genomics Public Health Analysis (GPHA), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanna Squire
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Thelwall
- COVID-19 Vaccines and Applied Epidemiology Division, UK Health Security Agency, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Julia Tree
- Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mohammad W Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Colin S Brown
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Meera Chand
- Genomics Public Health Analysis (GPHA), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- Healthcare-Associated Infection (HCAI), Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Antimicrobial Use (AMU) & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, UK
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4
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Hilton KLF, Tolley H, Ortega-Roldan JL, Thompson GS, Sutton JM, Hind CK, Hiscock JR. Phospholipid headgroup composition modulates the molecular interactions and antimicrobial effects of sulfobetaine zwitterionic detergents against the "ESKAPE" pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10504-10507. [PMID: 37644759 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We determine the efficacy for three known structurally related, membrane active detergents against multidrug resistant and wild type strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Accessible solution state NMR experiments are used to quantify phospholipid headgroup composition of the microbial membranes and to gain molecular level insight into antimicrobial mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L F Hilton
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Howard Tolley
- UKHSA, Science Group, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | | | - Gary S Thompson
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - J Mark Sutton
- UKHSA, Science Group, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London, SE1 9NQ, UK
| | | | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
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5
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Clarke M, Hind CK, Ferguson PM, Manzo G, Mistry B, Yue B, Romanopulos J, Clifford M, Bui TT, Drake AF, Lorenz CD, Sutton JM, Mason AJ. Synergy between Winter Flounder antimicrobial peptides. NPJ Antimicrob Resist 2023; 1:8. [PMID: 38686212 PMCID: PMC11057203 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have potent bactericidal activity and are being considered as potential alternatives to classical antibiotics. In response to an infection, such AMPs are often produced in animals alongside other peptides with low or no perceivable antimicrobial activity, whose role is unclear. Here we show that six AMPs from the Winter Flounder (WF) act in synergy against a range of bacterial pathogens and provide mechanistic insights into how this increases the cooperativity of the dose-dependent bactericidal activity and potency that enable therapy. Only two WF AMPs have potent antimicrobial activity when used alone but we find a series of two-way combinations, involving peptides which otherwise have low or no activity, yield potent antimicrobial activity. Weakly active WF AMPs modulate the membrane interactions of the more potent WF AMPs and enable therapy in a model of Acinetobacter baumannii burn wound infection. The observed synergy and emergent behaviour may explain the evolutionary benefits of producing a family of related peptides and are attractive properties to consider when developing AMPs towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - Philip M. Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Bhumil Mistry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Bingkun Yue
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Janis Romanopulos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - Tam T. Bui
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Alex F. Drake
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | | | - J. Mark Sutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
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6
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Ragonnet-Cronin M, Nutalai R, Huo J, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Das R, Tuekprakhon A, Supasa P, Liu C, Selvaraj M, Groves N, Hartman H, Ellaby N, Mark Sutton J, Bahar MW, Zhou D, Fry E, Ren J, Brown C, Klenerman P, Dunachie SJ, Mongkolsapaya J, Hopkins S, Chand M, Stuart DI, Screaton GR, Rokadiya S. Generation of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations by monoclonal antibody therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3334. [PMID: 37286554 PMCID: PMC10246534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients at risk of severe disease may be treated with neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To minimise virus escape from neutralisation these are administered as combinations e.g. casirivimab+imdevimab or, for antibodies targeting relatively conserved regions, individually e.g. sotrovimab. Unprecedented genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK has enabled a genome-first approach to detect emerging drug resistance in Delta and Omicron cases treated with casirivimab+imdevimab and sotrovimab respectively. Mutations occur within the antibody epitopes and for casirivimab+imdevimab multiple mutations are present on contiguous raw reads, simultaneously affecting both components. Using surface plasmon resonance and pseudoviral neutralisation assays we demonstrate these mutations reduce or completely abrogate antibody affinity and neutralising activity, suggesting they are driven by immune evasion. In addition, we show that some mutations also reduce the neutralising activity of vaccine-induced serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, England.
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muneeswaran Selvaraj
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Groves
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Hassan Hartman
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Ellaby
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Mohammad W Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin Brown
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Meera Chand
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sakib Rokadiya
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
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7
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Spencer D, Li Y, Zhu Y, Sutton JM, Morgan H. Electrical Broth Micro-Dilution for Rapid Antibiotic Resistance Testing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1101-1108. [PMID: 36820613 PMCID: PMC10043929 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid tests to assess the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics are required to inform antibiotic stewardship. We have developed a novel test, which measures changes in the impedance of a 100 nanoliter volume of bacterial suspension to determine an "electrical" minimum inhibitory concentration (eMIC). Two representative strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested against a panel of frontline antibiotics with different modes of action (ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, colistin and imipenem, gentamicin, and ceftazidime). The eMIC measured at 1 h correlated strongly with a standard 24 h microbroth dilution MIC for all combinations of antibiotics and bacteria, allowing strains to be correctly assigned as sensitive or resistant measured in a fraction of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spencer
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Yuetao Li
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Technology Development Group, Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, Research and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Hants, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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8
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Di Blasio S, Clarke M, Hind CK, Asai M, Laurence L, Benvenuti A, Hassan M, Semenya D, Man DKW, Horrocks V, Manzo G, Van Der Lith S, Lam C, Gentile E, Annette C, Bosse J, Li Y, Panaretou B, Langford PR, Robertson BD, Lam JKW, Sutton JM, McArthur M, Mason AJ. Bolaamphiphile Analogues of 12-bis-THA Cl 2 Are Potent Antimicrobial Therapeutics with Distinct Mechanisms of Action against Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and Fungal Pathogens. mSphere 2023; 8:e0050822. [PMID: 36511707 PMCID: PMC9942557 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00508-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
12-Bis-THA Cl2 [12,12'-(dodecane-1,12-diyl)-bis-(9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridinium) chloride] is a cationic bolalipid adapted from dequalinium chloride (DQC), a bactericidal anti-infective indicated for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Here, we used a structure-activity-relationship study to show that the factors that determine effective killing of bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial pathogens differ, to generate new analogues with a broader spectrum of activity, and to identify synergistic relationships, most notably with aminoglycosides against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where the bactericidal killing rate was substantially increased. Like DQC, 12-bis-THA Cl2 and its analogues accumulate within bacteria and fungi. More hydrophobic analogues with larger headgroups show reduced potential for DNA binding but increased and broader spectrum antibacterial activity. In contrast, analogues with less bulky headgroups and stronger DNA binding affinity were more active against Candida spp. Shortening the interconnecting chain, from the most lipophilic twelve-carbon chain to six, improved the selectivity index against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, but only the longer chain analogue was therapeutic in a Galleria mellonella infection model, with the shorter chain analogue exacerbating the infection. In vivo therapy of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 (EMRSA-15) infections in Galleria mellonella was also achieved with longer-chain analogues, as was therapy for an A. baumannii 17978 burn wound infection with a synergistic combination of bolaamphiphile and gentamicin. The present study shows how this class of bolalipids may be adapted further to enable a wider range of potential applications. IMPORTANCE While we face an acute threat from antibiotic resistant bacteria and a lack of new classes of antibiotic, there are many effective antimicrobials which have limited application due to concerns regarding their toxicity and which could be more useful if such risks are reduced or eliminated. We modified a bolalipid antiseptic used in throat lozenges to see if it could be made more effective against some of the highest-priority bacteria and less toxic. We found that structural modifications that rendered the lipid more toxic against human cells made it less toxic in infection models and we could effectively treat caterpillars infected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or Acinetobacter baumannii. The study provides a rationale for further adaptation toward diversifying the range of indications in which this class of antimicrobial may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Blasio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Masanori Asai
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Laurence
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Benvenuti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahnoor Hassan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Semenya
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - DeDe Kwun-Wai Man
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Victoria Horrocks
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Van Der Lith
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Lam
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenio Gentile
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Annette
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Bosse
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Panaretou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Robertson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michael McArthur
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Rutkauskaite A, White LJ, Boles JE, Hilton KLF, Clifford M, Patenall B, Streather BR, Mulvihill DP, Henry SA, Shepherd M, Sutton JM, Hind CK, Hiscock JR. Adamantane appended antimicrobial supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles. Supramol Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2022.2161902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J. White
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Kent
| | - Jessica E. Boles
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Kent
| | | | - Melanie Clifford
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Bethany Patenall
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Bree R. Streather
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Kent
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Shepherd
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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10
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Hind C, Clifford M, Woolley C, Harmer J, McGee LMC, Tyson-Hirst I, Tait HJ, Brooke DP, Dancer SJ, Hunter IS, Suckling CJ, Beveridge R, Parkinson JA, Sutton JM, Scott FJ. Insights into the Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of MGB-BP-3. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2552-2563. [PMID: 36444998 PMCID: PMC9745797 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MGB-BP-3 is a potential first-in-class antibiotic, a Strathclyde Minor Groove Binder (S-MGB), that has successfully completed Phase IIa clinical trials for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile associated disease. Its precise mechanism of action and the origin of limited activity against Gram-negative pathogens are relatively unknown. Herein, treatment with MGB-BP-3 alone significantly inhibited the bacterial growth of the Gram-positive, but not Gram-negative, bacteria as expected. Synergy assays revealed that inefficient intracellular accumulation, through both permeation and efflux, is the likely reason for lack of Gram-negative activity. MGB-BP-3 has strong interactions with its intracellular target, DNA, in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, revealed through ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) thermal melting and fluorescence intercalator displacement assays. MGB-BP-3 was confirmed to bind to dsDNA as a dimer using nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Type II bacterial topoisomerase inhibition assays revealed that MGB-BP-3 was able to interfere with the supercoiling action of gyrase and the relaxation and decatenation actions of topoisomerase IV of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, no evidence of stabilization of the cleavage complexes was observed, such as for fluoroquinolones, confirmed by a lack of induction of DSBs and the SOS response in E. coli reporter strains. These results highlight additional mechanisms of action of MGB-BP-3, including interference of the action of type II bacterial topoisomerases. While MGB-BP-3's lack of Gram-negative activity was confirmed, and an understanding of this presented, the recognition that MGB-BP-3 can target DNA of Gram-negative organisms will enable further iterations of design to achieve a Gram-negative active S-MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hind
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Woolley
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Harmer
- School
of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HuddersfieldHD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Leah M. C. McGee
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Izaak Tyson-Hirst
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Tait
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniel P. Brooke
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Dancer
- Department
of Microbiology, Hairmyres Hospital, NHS Lanarkshire, GlasgowG75 8RG, United Kingdom
- School
of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, EdinburghEH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S. Hunter
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG4 0RE, United
Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - John A. Parkinson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Research
and Evaluation, UKHSA Porton Down, SalisburySP4 0JG, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, LondonSE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser J. Scott
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XL, United
Kingdom
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11
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Abstract
AbstractWith an increase in the number of isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics, infection control has become increasingly important to help combat the spread of multi-drug-resistant pathogens. An important component of this is through the use of disinfectants and antiseptics (biocides). Antibiotic resistance has been well studied in bacteria, but little is known about potential biocide resistance genes and there have been few reported outbreaks in hospitals resulting from a breakdown in biocide effectiveness. Development of increased tolerance to biocides has been thought to be more difficult due to the mode of action of biocides which affect multiple cellular targets compared with antibiotics. Very few genes which contribute towards increased biocide tolerance have been identified. However, the majority of those that have are components or regulators of different efflux pumps or genes which modulate membrane function/modification. This review will examine the role of efflux in increased tolerance towards biocides, focusing on cationic biocides and heavy metals against Gram-negative bacteria. As many efflux pumps which are upregulated by biocide presence also contribute towards an antimicrobial resistance phenotype, the role of these efflux pumps in cross-resistance to both other biocides and antibiotics will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wand
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
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12
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Plazonic F, LuTheryn G, Hind C, Clifford M, Gray M, Stride E, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M, Sutton JM, Carugo D. Bactericidal Effect of Ultrasound-Responsive Microbubbles and Sub-inhibitory Gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms on Substrates With Differing Acoustic Impedance. Ultrasound Med Biol 2022; 48:1888-1898. [PMID: 35798625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore the interaction between ultrasound-activated microbubbles (MBs) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, specifically the effects of MB concentration, ultrasound exposure and substrate properties on bactericidal efficacy. Biofilms were grown using a Centre for Disease Control (CDC) bioreactor on polypropylene or stainless-steel coupons as acoustic analogues for soft and hard tissue, respectively. Biofilms were treated with different concentrations of phospholipid-shelled MBs (107-108 MB/mL), a sub-inhibitory concentration of gentamicin (4 µg/mL) and 1-MHz ultrasound with a continuous or pulsed (100-kHz pulse repetition frequency, 25% duty cycle, 0.5-MPa peak-to-peak pressure) wave. The effect of repeated ultrasound exposure with intervals of either 15- or 60-min was also investigated. With polypropylene coupons, the greatest bactericidal effect was achieved with 2 × 5 min of pulsed ultrasound separated by 60 min and a microbubble concentration of 5 × 107 MBs/mL. A 0.76 log (83%) additional reduction in the number of bacteria was achieved compared with the use of an antibiotic alone. With stainless-steel coupons, a 67% (0.46 log) reduction was obtained under the same exposure conditions, possibly due to enhancement of a standing wave field which inhibited MB penetration in the biofilm. These findings demonstrate the importance of treatment parameter selection in antimicrobial applications of MBs and ultrasound in different tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Plazonic
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth LuTheryn
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Charlotte Hind
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Martyn Hill
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
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13
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Boles JE, Bennett C, Baker J, Hilton KLF, Kotak HA, Clark ER, Long Y, White LJ, Lai HY, Hind CK, Sutton JM, Garrett MD, Cheasty A, Ortega-Roldan JL, Charles M, Haynes CJE, Hiscock JR. Establishing the selective phospholipid membrane coordination, permeation and lysis properties for a series of 'druggable' supramolecular self-associating antimicrobial amphiphiles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9761-9773. [PMID: 36091903 PMCID: PMC9400670 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance remains one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity. Furthermore, the development of novel antibiotics has all but ground to a halt due to a collision of intersectional pressures. Herein we determine the antimicrobial efficacy for 14 structurally related supramolecular self-associating amphiphiles against clinically relevant Gram-positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. We establish the ability of these agents to selectively target phospholipid membranes of differing compositions, through a combination of computational host:guest complex formation simulations, synthetic vesicle lysis, adhesion and membrane fluidity experiments, alongside our novel 1H NMR CPMG nanodisc coordination assays, to verify a potential mode of action for this class of compounds and enable the production of evermore effective next-generation antimicrobial agents. Finally, we select a 7-compound subset, showing two lead compounds to exhibit 'druggable' profiles through completion of a variety of in vivo and in vitro DMPK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Boles
- School of Chemistry and Forensics, University of KentCanterburyCT2 7NHUK,School of Biosciences, University of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJUK
| | | | | | - Kira L. F. Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensics, University of KentCanterburyCT2 7NHUK
| | - Hiral A. Kotak
- Chemistry Department, UCL20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUK
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- School of Chemistry and Forensics, University of KentCanterburyCT2 7NHUK
| | - Yifan Long
- Chemistry Department, UCL20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUK
| | - Lisa J. White
- School of Chemistry and Forensics, University of KentCanterburyCT2 7NHUK
| | - Hin Yuk Lai
- Chemistry Department, UCL20 Gordon StreetLondon WC1H 0AJUK
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Research and EvaluationPorton Down, UKHSA, Porton DownSalisbury SP4 0JGUK
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Research and EvaluationPorton Down, UKHSA, Porton DownSalisbury SP4 0JGUK
| | | | - Anne Cheasty
- Cancer Research Horizons2 Redman PlaceLondonE20 1JQUK,ExscientiaThe Schrödinger Building, Heatley Road, Oxford Science ParkOxfordOX4 4GEUK
| | | | - Mark Charles
- Cancer Research Horizons2 Redman PlaceLondonE20 1JQUK
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14
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LuTheryn G, Hind C, Campbell C, Crowther A, Wu Q, Keller SB, Glynne-Jones P, Sutton JM, Webb JS, Gray M, Wilks SA, Stride E, Carugo D. Bactericidal and anti-biofilm effects of uncharged and cationic ultrasound-responsive nitric oxide microbubbles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:956808. [PMID: 35992170 PMCID: PMC9386126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a major and ongoing concern for public health, featuring both inherited genetic resistance traits and a conferred innate tolerance to traditional antibiotic therapies. Consequently, there is a growing need for novel methods of drug delivery, to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. This research evaluated the anti-biofilm and bactericidal effects of ultrasound responsive gas-microbubbles (MBs) of either air or nitric oxide, using an in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm model grown in artificial wound medium. The four lipid-based MB formulations evaluated were room-air MBs (RAMBs) and nitric oxide MBs (NOMBs) with no electrical charge, as well as cationic (+) RAMBs+ and NOMBs+. Two principal treatment conditions were used: i) ultrasound stimulated MBs only, and ii) ultrasound stimulated MBs with a sub-inhibitory concentration (4 µg/mL) of the antibiotic gentamicin. The total treatment time was divided into a 60 second passive MB interaction period prior to 40 second ultrasound exposure; each MB formulation was tested in triplicate. Ultrasound stimulated RAMBs and NOMBs without antibiotic achieved reductions in biofilm biomass of 93.3% and 94.0%, respectively. Their bactericidal efficacy however was limited, with a reduction in culturable cells of 26.9% and 65.3%, respectively. NOMBs with sub-inhibitory antibiotic produced the most significant reduction in biofilm biomass, corresponding to a 99.9% (SD ± 5.21%); and a 99.9% (SD ± 0.07%) (3-log) reduction in culturable bacterial cells. Cationic MBs were initially manufactured to promote binding of MBs to negatively charged biofilms, but these formulations also demonstrated intrinsic bactericidal properties. In the absence of antibiotic, the bactericidal efficacy of RAMB+ and NOMB+ was greater that of uncharged counterparts, reducing culturable cells by 84.7% and 86.1% respectively; increasing to 99.8% when combined with antibiotic. This study thus demonstrates the anti-biofilm and bactericidal utility of ultrasound stimulated MBs, and specifically is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of a NOMB for the dispersal and potentiation of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms in vitro. Importantly the biofilm system and complex growth-medium were selected to recapitulate key morphological features of in vivo biofilms. The results us offer new insight for the development of new clinical treatments, for example, in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth LuTheryn
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gareth LuTheryn, ; ; Dario Carugo, ;
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Healthcare Biotechnology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Crowther
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara B. Keller
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Healthcare Biotechnology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Webb
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra A. Wilks
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Carugo
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gareth LuTheryn, ; ; Dario Carugo, ;
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15
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Ferguson PM, Clarke M, Manzo G, Hind CK, Clifford M, Sutton JM, Lorenz CD, Phoenix DA, Mason AJ. Temporin B Forms Hetero-Oligomers with Temporin L, Modifies Its Membrane Activity, and Increases the Cooperativity of Its Antibacterial Pharmacodynamic Profile. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1029-1040. [PMID: 35609188 PMCID: PMC9178791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pharmacodynamic
profile of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and
their in vivo synergy are two factors that are thought
to restrict resistance evolution and ensure their conservation. The
frog Rana temporaria secretes a family of closely
related AMPs, temporins A–L, as an effective chemical dermal
defense. The antibacterial potency of temporin L has been shown to
increase synergistically in combination with both temporins B and
A, but this is modest. Here we show that the less potent temporin
B enhances the cooperativity of the in vitro antibacterial
activity of the more potent temporin L against EMRSA-15 and that this
may be associated with an altered interaction with the bacterial plasma
membrane, a feature critical for the antibacterial activity of most
AMPs. Addition of buforin II, a histone H2A fragment, can further
increase the cooperativity. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate
temporins B and L readily form hetero-oligomers in models of Gram-positive
bacterial plasma membranes. Patch-clamp studies show transmembrane
ion conductance is triggered with lower amounts of both peptides and
more quickly when used in combination, but conductance is of a lower
amplitude and pores are smaller. Temporin B may therefore act by forming
temporin L/B hetero-oligomers that are more effective than temporin
L homo-oligomers at bacterial killing and/or by reducing the probability
of the latter forming until a threshold concentration is reached.
Exploration of the mechanism of synergy between AMPs isolated from
the same organism may therefore yield antibiotic combinations with
advantageous pharmacodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.,Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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16
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Woolley CA, Sutton JM, Wand ME. Mutations in SilS and CusS/OmpC represent different routes to achieve high level silver ion tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35468722 PMCID: PMC9036812 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver ions have potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and are widely incorporated into a variety of products to limit bacterial growth. In Enterobacteriaceae, decreased silver susceptibility has been mapped to two homologous operons; the chromosomally located cus operon and the plasmid based sil operon. Here we characterised the mechanisms and clinical impact of induced silver tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results In K. pneumoniae carriage of the sil operon alone does not give elevated silver tolerance. However, when exposed to increasing concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3), K. pneumoniae strains which contain the sil operon, will preferentially mutate SilS, resulting in overexpression of the genes encoding the RND efflux pump silCBA. Those strains which do not carry the sil operon also adapt upon exposure to increasing silver concentrations through mutations in another two-component regulator CusS. Secondary mutations leading to disruption of the outer membrane porin OmpC were also detected. Both routes result in a high level of silver tolerance with MIC’s of >512 mg/L. When exposed to a high concentration of AgNO3 (400 mg/L), only strains that contained the sil operon were able to survive, again through mutations in SilS. The AgNO3 adapted strains were also resistant to killing by challenge with several clinical and commercial silver containing dressings. Conclusions This study shows that K. pneumoniae has two possible pathways for development of increased silver tolerance but that the sil operon is preferentially mutated. This operon is essential when K. pneumoniae is exposed to high concentrations of silver. The potential clinical impact on wound management is shown by the increased survivability of these adapted strains when exposed to several silver impregnated dressings. This would make infections with these strains more difficult to treat and further limits our therapeutic options. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02532-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Woolley
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
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17
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Wand ME, Darby EM, Blair JMA, Sutton JM. Contribution of the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC to the tolerance of chlorhexidine and other biocides in Klebsiella spp. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35324422 PMCID: PMC9176267 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. We are becoming increasingly reliant on the effectiveness of biocides to combat the spread of Gram-negative multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. It has been shown that chlorhexidine exposure can lead to mutations in the efflux pump repressor regulators SmvR and RamR, but the contribution of each individual efflux pump to biocide tolerance is unknown. Hypothesis. Multiple efflux pumps, including SmvA and AcrAB-TolC, are involved in increased tolerance to biocides. However, strains with upregulated AcrAB-TolC caused by biocide exposure are more problematic due to their increased MDR phenotype. Aim. To investigate the role of AcrAB-TolC in the tolerance to several biocides, including chlorhexidine, and the potential threat of cross-resistance to antibiotics through increased expression of this efflux pump. Methodology. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on K. pneumoniae isolates with ramR mutations selected for after exposure to chlorhexidine, as well as transposon mutants in components and regulators of AcrAB-TolC. RTPCR was used to detect the expression levels of this pump after biocide exposure. Strains from the globally important ST258 clade were compared for genetic differences in acrAB-TolC and its regulators and for phenotypic differences in antimicrobial susceptibility. Results. Cross-resistance to antimicrobials was observed following mutations in ramR. Exposure to chlorhexidine led to increased expression of acrA and its activator ramA, and transposon mutants in AcrAB-TolC have increased susceptibility to several biocides, including chlorhexidine. Variations in ramR within the ST258 clade led to an increase in tolerance to certain biocides, although this was strain dependent. One strain, MKP103, that had increased levels of biocide tolerance showed a unique mutation in ramR that was reflected in enhanced expression of acrA and ramA. MKP103 transposon variants were able to further enhance their tolerance to specific biocides with mutations affecting SmvA. Conclusions. Biocide tolerance in K. pneumoniae is dependent upon several components, with increased efflux through AcrAB-TolC being an important one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wand
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Development, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Darby
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Development, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
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18
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Oliveira H, Domingues R, Evans B, Sutton JM, Adriaenssens EM, Turner D. Genomic Diversity of Bacteriophages Infecting the Genus Acinetobacter. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020181. [PMID: 35215775 PMCID: PMC8878043 DOI: 10.3390/v14020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of sequenced Acinetobacter phage genomes in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration has increased significantly in recent years, from 37 in 2017 to a total of 139 as of January 2021 with genome sizes ranging from 31 to 378 kb. Here, we explored the genetic diversity of the Acinetobacter phages using comparative genomics approaches that included assessment of nucleotide similarity, shared gene content, single gene phylogeny, and the network-based classification tool vConTACT2. Phages infecting Acinetobacter sp. are genetically diverse and can be grouped into 8 clusters (subfamilies) and 46 sub-clusters (genera), of which 8 represent genomic singletons (additional genera). We propose the creation of five new subfamilies and suggest a reorganisation of the genus Obolenskvirus. These results provide an updated view of the viruses infecting Acinetobacter species, providing insights into their diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Oliveira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Rita Domingues
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar Braga, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Benjamin Evans
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 OJG, UK;
| | | | - Dann Turner
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
- Correspondence:
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19
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Matsingos C, Al-Adhami T, Jamshidi S, Hind C, Clifford M, Mark Sutton J, Rahman KM. Synthesis, microbiological evaluation and structure activity relationship analysis of linezolid analogues with different C5-acylamino substituents. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116397. [PMID: 34619406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and lack of new antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a significant public health problem. There is a discovery void and the pipeline of new classes of antibiotics in clinical development is almost empty. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure activity relationships (SAR) of current chemical classes as that can help the drug discovery community in their efforts to develop new antibiotics by modifying existing antibiotic classes. We studied the SAR of the C5-acylaminomethyl moiety of the linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, by synthesizing 25 compounds containing various aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic substitutions. Our findings suggest that this position is highly important for the function of this antibiotic class, since only smaller non-polar fragments are tolerated at this position while larger and polar ones lead to a decrease in activity compared to linezolid. Our findings have led us to construct a structure activity relationship, around the C5-acylaminomethyl moiety of linezolid, that provides valuable insight into the function of the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Matsingos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Taha Al-Adhami
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
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20
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Bock LJ, Ferguson PM, Clarke M, Pumpitakkul V, Wand ME, Fady PE, Allison L, Fleck RA, Shepherd MJ, Mason AJ, Sutton JM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts to octenidine via a combination of efflux and membrane remodelling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1058. [PMID: 34504285 PMCID: PMC8429429 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of stably adapting to the antiseptic octenidine by an unknown mechanism. Here we characterise this adaptation, both in the laboratory and a simulated clinical setting, and identify a novel antiseptic resistance mechanism. In both settings, 2 to 4-fold increase in octenidine tolerance was associated with stable mutations and a specific 12 base pair deletion in a putative Tet-repressor family gene (smvR), associated with a constitutive increase in expression of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) efflux pump SmvA. Adaptation to higher octenidine concentrations led to additional stable mutations, most frequently in phosphatidylserine synthase pssA and occasionally in phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase pgsA genes, resulting in octenidine tolerance 16- to 256-fold higher than parental strains. Metabolic changes were consistent with mitigation of oxidative stress and altered plasma membrane composition and order. Mutations in SmvAR and phospholipid synthases enable higher level, synergistic tolerance of octenidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Bock
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, PHE Porton, Salisbury, UK.
| | - Philip M Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vichayanee Pumpitakkul
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, PHE Porton, Salisbury, UK
| | - Paul-Enguerrand Fady
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Shepherd
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, PHE Porton, Salisbury, UK
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, PHE Porton, Salisbury, UK.
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21
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Manzo G, Gianfanti F, Hind CK, Allison L, Clarke M, Hohenbichler J, Limantoro I, Martin B, Do Carmo Silva P, Ferguson PM, Hodgson-Casson AC, Fleck RA, Sutton JM, Phoenix DA, Mason AJ. Impacts of Metabolism and Organic Acids on Cell Wall Composition and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility to Membrane Active Antimicrobials. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2310-2323. [PMID: 34329558 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing is essential in informing both clinical antibiotic therapy decisions and the development of new antibiotics. Mammalian cell culture media have been proposed as an alternative to bacteriological media, potentially representing some critical aspects of the infection environment more accurately. Here, we use a combination of NMR metabolomics and electron microscopy to investigate the response of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to growth in differing rich media to determine whether and how this determines metabolic strategies, the composition of the cell wall, and consequently susceptibility to membrane active antimicrobials including colistin and tobramycin. The NMR metabolomic approach is first validated by characterizing the expected E. coli acid stress response to fermentation and the accompanying changes in the cell wall composition, when cultured in glucose rich mammalian cell culture media. Glucose is not a major carbon source for P. aeruginosa but is associated with a response to osmotic stress and a modest increase in colistin tolerance. Growth of P. aeruginosa in a range of bacteriological media is supported by consumption of formate, an important electron donor in anaerobic respiration. In mammalian cell culture media, however, the overall metabolic strategy of P. aeruginosa is instead dependent on consumption of glutamine and lactate. Formate doping of mammalian cell culture media does not alter the overall metabolic strategy but is associated with polyamine catabolism, remodelling of both inner and outer membranes, and a modest sensitization of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to colistin. Further, in a panel of P. aeruginosa isolates an increase between 2- and 3-fold in sensitivity to tobramycin is achieved through doping with other organic acids, notably propionate which also similarly enhances the activity of colistin. Organic acids are therefore capable of nonspecifically influencing the potency of membrane active antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Gianfanti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hohenbichler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ilene Limantoro
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Martin
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Do Carmo Silva
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice C. Hodgson-Casson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG United Kingdom
| | - David A. Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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22
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Hamad A, Chen Y, Khan MA, Jamshidi S, Saeed N, Clifford M, Hind C, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Schiff bases of sulphonamides as a new class of antifungal agent against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1218. [PMID: 34459551 PMCID: PMC8301596 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Candida infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised or critically ill patients have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There are increasing reports of multidrug resistance in several Candida species that cause Candidemia, including C. glabrata and C. auris, with limited numbers of antifungal agents available to treat patients with invasive Candida infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new antifungal agents that work against multidrug-resistant Candida species, particularly C. auris, which has been identified as an emerging global pathogen. In this article, we report a new class of antifungal agents, the Schiff bases of sulphonamides, that show activity against all Candida species tested, with an MIC range of 4-32 µg/ml. Compound 2b showed activity against C. glabrata and a panel of fluconazole-resistant C. auris strains, with MICs of 4-16 µg/ml. The drug-like nature of these Schiff bases offers opportunities to optimize these compounds with medicinal chemistry techniques to obtain more potent analogs that can be progressed toward pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Hamad
- Department of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Department of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Naima Saeed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Charlotte Hind
- Public Health EnglandNational Infections ServiceSalisburyUK
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Public Health EnglandNational Infections ServiceSalisburyUK
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23
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Toscani A, Hind C, Clifford M, Kim SH, Gucic A, Woolley C, Saeed N, Rahman KM, Sutton JM, Castagnolo D. Development of photoactivable phenanthroline-based manganese(I) CO-Releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs) active against ESKAPE bacteria and bacterial biofilms. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113172. [PMID: 33516984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of phenanthroline-based visible-light-activated manganese(I) carbon-monoxide-releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs) against ESKAPE bacteria and bacterial biofilms is reported. Four carbonyl compounds of general formula fac-[Mn(N∧N)(CO)3(L)] have been synthesized and characterized. Despite being thermally stable in the absence of light, these PhotoCORMs readily release CO upon blue (435-450 nm) LED light irradiation as confirmed by spectrophotometric CO releasing experiments (Mb Assay). The antibacterial activity of the four PhotoCORMs has been investigated against a panel of ESKAPE bacteria. The compounds 1-3 were found to be effective antibacterials at low concentrations against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii when photoactivated with blue-light. In addition, the PhotoCORMs 1-2 were found to inhibit the formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial biofilms at low concentrations (MIC = 4-8 μg/mL), turning out to be promising candidates to combat antimicrobial resistance. The antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory effect of the PhotoCORMs is plausibly due to the release of CO as well as the formation of phenanthroline photo-by-products as revealed by spectroscopy and microbiology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Research and Development Institute, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Research and Development Institute, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Seong-Heun Kim
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Gucic
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Woolley
- Research and Development Institute, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Naima Saeed
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Research and Development Institute, National Infections Service, Porton Down, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom.
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24
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Metier CC, Peng J, Xu Y, Wootton H, Riesi V, Lynham S, Zadi S, Turner C, Wand ME, Mark Sutton J, Wagner GK. Profiling protein expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae with a carbohydrate-based covalent probe. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115900. [PMID: 33352389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the application of a covalent probe based on a d-glucosamine scaffold for the profiling of the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Incubation of K. pneumoniae lysates with the probe followed by electrophoretic separation and in-gel fluorescence detection allowed the generation of strain-specific signatures and the differentiation of a carbapenem-resistant strain. The labelling profile of the probe was independent of its anomeric configuration and included several low-abundance proteins not readily detectable by conventional protein staining. Initial target identification experiments by mass spectrometry suggest that target proteins include several carbohydrate-recognising proteins, which indicates that the sugar scaffold may have a role for target recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C Metier
- King's College London, Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Jiaming Peng
- King's College London, Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- King's College London, Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Wootton
- King's College London, Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Victoire Riesi
- King's College London, Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Lynham
- King's College London, Proteomics Facility, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Sirine Zadi
- Public Health England, Technology Development Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Turner
- Public Health England, Technology Development Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, Technology Development Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, Technology Development Group, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd K Wagner
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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25
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Manzo G, Hind CK, Ferguson PM, Amison RT, Hodgson-Casson AC, Ciazynska KA, Weller BJ, Clarke M, Lam C, Man RCH, Shaughnessy BGO, Clifford M, Bui TT, Drake AF, Atkinson RA, Lam JKW, Pitchford SC, Page CP, Phoenix DA, Lorenz CD, Sutton JM, Mason AJ. A pleurocidin analogue with greater conformational flexibility, enhanced antimicrobial potency and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:697. [PMID: 33247193 PMCID: PMC7699649 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential alternative to classical antibiotics that are yet to achieve a therapeutic breakthrough for treatment of systemic infections. The antibacterial potency of pleurocidin, an AMP from Winter Flounder, is linked to its ability to cross bacterial plasma membranes and seek intracellular targets while also causing membrane damage. Here we describe modification strategies that generate pleurocidin analogues with substantially improved, broad spectrum, antibacterial properties, which are effective in murine models of bacterial lung infection. Increasing peptide-lipid intermolecular hydrogen bonding capabilities enhances conformational flexibility, associated with membrane translocation, but also membrane damage and potency, most notably against Gram-positive bacteria. This negates their ability to metabolically adapt to the AMP threat. An analogue comprising D-amino acids was well tolerated at an intravenous dose of 15 mg/kg and similarly effective as vancomycin in reducing EMRSA-15 lung CFU. This highlights the therapeutic potential of systemically delivered, bactericidal AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Philip M Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Richard T Amison
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice C Hodgson-Casson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Ciazynska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Bethany J Weller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carolyn Lam
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rico C H Man
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Blaze G O' Shaughnessy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Tam T Bui
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alex F Drake
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon C Pitchford
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clive P Page
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | | | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK.
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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26
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Laws M, Hind C, Rahman KM, Sutton JM, Wand ME. Whole Genome Sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B Reveals Previously Unreported Mutations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 57:106225. [PMID: 33189889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
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27
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Spencer DC, Paton TF, Mulroney KT, Inglis TJJ, Sutton JM, Morgan H. A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5328. [PMID: 33087704 PMCID: PMC7578651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop simple and fast antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) that allow informed prescribing of antibiotics. Here, we describe a label-free AST that can deliver results within an hour, using an actively dividing culture as starting material. The bacteria are incubated in the presence of an antibiotic for 30 min, and then approximately 105 cells are analysed one-by-one with microfluidic impedance cytometry for 2-3 min. The measured electrical characteristics reflect the phenotypic response of the bacteria to the mode of action of a particular antibiotic, in a 30-minute incubation window. The results are consistent with those obtained by classical broth microdilution assays for a range of antibiotics and bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Spencer
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Teagan F Paton
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kieran T Mulroney
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy J J Inglis
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, and Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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28
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Impey RE, Hawkins DA, Sutton JM, Soares da Costa TP. Overcoming Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance Mechanisms Associated with the Cell Wall of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E623. [PMID: 32961699 PMCID: PMC7558195 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in multi-drug-resistant bacteria is severely impacting our ability to effectively treat common infections. For Gram-negative bacteria, their intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms are heightened by their unique cell wall structure. The cell wall, while being a target of some antibiotics, represents a barrier due to the inability of most antibacterial compounds to traverse and reach their intended target. This means that its composition and resulting mechanisms of resistance must be considered when developing new therapies. Here, we discuss potential antibiotic targets within the most well-characterised resistance mechanisms associated with the cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria, including the outer membrane structure, porins and efflux pumps. We also provide a timely update on the current progress of inhibitor development in these areas. Such compounds could represent new avenues for drug discovery as well as adjuvant therapy to help us overcome antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Impey
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.E.I.); (D.A.H.)
| | - Daniel A. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.E.I.); (D.A.H.)
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- National Infection Service, Research and Development Institute, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK;
| | - Tatiana P. Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (R.E.I.); (D.A.H.)
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29
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Picconi P, Hind CK, Nahar KS, Jamshidi S, Di Maggio L, Saeed N, Evans B, Solomons J, Wand ME, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. New Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Containing a Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Ring with Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6941-6958. [PMID: 32515951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes with activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens as the pipeline of antibiotics is essentially empty. Modified pyrrolobenzodiazepines with a C8-linked aliphatic heterocycle provide a new class of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. The structure-activity relationship established that the third ring was particularly important for Gram-negative activity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the lead compounds ranged from 0.125 to 2 mg/L for MDR Gram-negative, excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and between 0.03 and 1 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive species. The lead compounds were rapidly bactericidal with >5 log reduction in viable count within 4 h for Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The lead compound inhibited DNA gyrase in gel-based assays, with an IC50 of 3.16 ± 1.36 mg/L. This study provides a new chemical scaffold for developing novel broad-spectrum antibiotics which can help replenish the pipeline of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Picconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Kazi S Nahar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Lucia Di Maggio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Naima Saeed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Bonnie Evans
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Jessica Solomons
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Matthew E Wand
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - J Mark Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K
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30
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Wand ME, Sutton JM. Mutations in the two component regulator systems PmrAB and PhoPQ give rise to increased colistin resistance in Citrobacter and Enterobacter spp. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:521-529. [PMID: 32125265 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Colistin is a last resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant isolates. Mechanisms of resistance to colistin have been widely described in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli but have yet to be characterized in Citrobacter and Enterobacter species.Aim. To identify the causative mutations leading to generation of colistin resistance in Citrobacter and Enterobacter spp.Methodology. Colistin resistance was generated by culturing in increasing concentrations of colistin or by direct culture in a lethal (above MIC) concentration. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify mutations. Fitness of resistant strains was determined by changes in growth rate, and virulence in Galleria mellonella.Results. We were able to generate colistin resistance upon exposure to sub-MIC levels of colistin, in several but not all strains of Citrobacter and Enterobacter resulting in a 16-fold increase in colistin MIC values for both species. The same individual strains also developed resistance to colistin after a single exposure at 10× MIC, with a similar increase in MIC. Genetic analysis revealed that this increased resistance was attributed to mutations in PmrB for Citrobacter and PhoP in Enterobacter, although we were not able to identify causative mutations in all strains. Colistin-resistant mutants showed little difference in growth rate, and virulence in G. mellonella, although there were strain-to-strain differences.Conclusions. Stable colistin resistance may be acquired with no loss of fitness in these species. However, only select strains were able to adapt suggesting that acquisition of colistin resistance is dependent upon individual strain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
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31
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White LJ, Boles JE, Allen N, Alesbrook LS, Sutton JM, Hind CK, Hilton KLF, Blackholly LR, Ellaby RJ, Williams GT, Mulvihill DP, Hiscock JR. Controllable hydrogen bonded self-association for the formation of multifunctional antimicrobial materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4694-4700. [PMID: 32393938 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
SSAs are a class of supramolecular self-associating amphiphilic salt, the anionic component of which contains a covalently bound hydrogen bond donor-acceptor motif. This results in a monomeric unit which can adopt multiple hydrogen bonding modes simultaneously. Previous investigations have shown examples of SSAs to act as antimicrobial agents against clinically relevant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we report an intrinsically fluorescent SSA which can self-associate producing dimers, spherical aggregates and hydrogels dependent on solvent environment, while retaining antimicrobial activity against both model Gram-positive (MRSA) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Finally, we demonstrate the SSA supramolecular hydrogel to tolerate the inclusion of the antibiotic ampicillin, leading to the enhanced inhibition of growth with both model bacteria, and derive initial molecular structure-physicochemical property-antimicrobial activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J White
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK.
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32
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Laws M, Hind C, Favaron A, Jamshidi S, Evans B, Clifford M, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. N1-Benzofused Modification of Fluoroquinolones Reduces Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria. ACS Omega 2020; 5:11923-11934. [PMID: 32548371 PMCID: PMC7271024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics has a well-established structure-activity relationship (SAR) and a long history in the clinic, but the effect of electron-rich benzofused substituents at the N1 position remains poorly explored. Because groups at this position are part of the topoisomerase-DNA binding complex and form a hydrophobic interaction with the major groove of DNA, it was hypothesized that an electron-rich benzofused N1 substituent could enhance this interaction. Molecular modeling techniques were employed to evaluate the binding of certain N1-modified fluoroquinolones to DNA gyrase targets from both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae species compared with ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Seven N1-modified fluoroquinolones were subsequently synthesized and tested against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Gram-negative outer membrane penetration was investigated using the membrane permeabilizer polymyxin B nonapeptide and compound efflux via resistance-nodulation-division-family efflux transporters was evaluated using the known efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide. Additionally, the target inhibitory activity of representative compound 6e was determined in a cell-free environment. A correlation between N1 substituent hydrophobicity and activity was observed across the MIC panel, with compound activity decreasing with increased hydrophobicity. Those compounds with highest hydrophobicity were inactive because of poor solubility profiles whereas compounds with intermediate hydrophobicity were inactive because of impaired outer membrane penetration, and reduced inhibition of topoisomerase targets, the latter in contrast to modeling predictions. This study adds new information to the fluoroquinolone SAR and suggests limited utility of large hydrophobic substituents at the N1 position of fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Andrea Favaron
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Bonnie Evans
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Public
Health England, National Infection Service, Research and Development
Institute, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, U.K.
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
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33
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Allen C, Turner C, Kalsi S, Jamieson D, Li Y, Morgan H, Sutton JM. Development of a rapid phenotypic test on a microfluidic device for carbapenemase detection using the chromogenic compound nitrocefin. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 96:114926. [PMID: 32044188 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Routine identification of carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates is a lengthy process often taking up to 72 h to generate results with standard culture-based tests. Here we describe a rapid test based on the hydrolysis of nitrocefin to identify isolates producing β-lactamase enzymes. A cocktail of inhibitors has been optimized in the reaction mix to provide specificity for carbapenemase enzymes. The developed assay has also been translated to a microfluidic platform with an optical readout (optofluidic chip). The chip has a long absorbance path (25 mm) to provide high sensitivity. A sample-to-answer has been achieved in under 30 min on these chips using colonies from culture plates. The test on this platform has the potential to provide a rapid indicative (presumptive positive) test for carbapenemase producers direct from bacteria isolated from patient samples, to rapidly trigger infection control measures and identify samples that should be prioritized for more specialized carbapenemase diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collette Allen
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Carrie Turner
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Sumit Kalsi
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - David Jamieson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Yuetao Li
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
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34
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Fields FR, Manzo G, Hind CK, Janardhanan J, Foik IP, Carmo Silva PD, Balsara RD, Clifford M, Vu HM, Ross JN, Kalwajtys VR, Gonzalez AJ, Bui TT, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ, Siryaporn A, Chang M, Sutton JM, Mason AJ, Lee S. Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide Tuning Permits Membrane Disruption and Interpeptide Synergy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:418-424. [PMID: 32566907 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides of bacteria (bacteriocins) represent an unexplored source of membrane-active antibiotics. We designed a library of linear peptides from a circular bacteriocin and show that pore-formation dynamics in bacterial membranes are tunable via selective amino acid substitution. We observed antibacterial interpeptide synergy indicating that fundamentally altering interactions with the membrane enables synergy. Our findings suggest an approach for engineering pore-formation through rational peptide design and increasing the utility of novel antimicrobial peptides by exploiting synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Fields
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Chemistry Biology Biochemistry Interface, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institue of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Jeshina Janardhanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ilona P Foik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Phoebe Do Carmo Silva
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Rashna D Balsara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - Henry M Vu
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jessica N Ross
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Veronica R Kalwajtys
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alejandro J Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Tam T Bui
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A Ploplis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Francis J Castellino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Chemistry Biology Biochemistry Interface, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury SP4 0JG, U.K
| | - A James Mason
- Institue of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Chemistry Biology Biochemistry Interface, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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35
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Impey RE, Lee M, Hawkins DA, Sutton JM, Panjikar S, Perugini MA, Soares da Costa TP. Mis-annotations of a promising antibiotic target in high-priority gram-negative pathogens. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1453-1463. [PMID: 31943170 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance combined with the lack of new products entering the market has led to bacterial infections becoming one of the biggest threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel antibiotic targets, such as dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), an enzyme involved in the production of essential metabolites in cell wall and protein synthesis. Here, we utilised a 7-residue sequence motif to identify mis-annotation of multiple DHDPS genes in the high-priority Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We subsequently confirmed these mis-annotations using a combination of enzyme kinetics and X-ray crystallography. Thus, this study highlights the need to ensure genes encoding promising drug targets, like DHDPS, are annotated correctly, especially for clinically important pathogens. PDB ID: 6UE0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Impey
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mihwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Mark Sutton
- National Infection Service, Research and Development Institute, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jamshidi S, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Author Correction: Mapping the Dynamic Functions and Structural Features of AcrB Efflux Pump Transporter Using Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18260. [PMID: 31780734 PMCID: PMC6883078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Reza A, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Effectiveness of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Biofilm Disruptors and Resistance Breakers in Gram-Negative (ESKAPEE) Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040229. [PMID: 31752382 PMCID: PMC6963839 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to the modern healthcare provision. The ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli), in particular, have proven to be especially challenging to treat, due to their intrinsic and acquired ability to rapidly develop resistance mechanisms in response to environmental threats. The development of biofilm has been characterised as an essential contributing factor towards antimicrobial-resistance and tolerance. Several studies have implicated the involvement of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, both directly, via drug extrusion and indirectly, through the formation of biofilm. As a result, the underlying mechanism of these pumps has attracted considerable interest due to the potential of targeting these protein structures and developing novel adjunct therapies. Subsequent investigations have revealed the ability of efflux pump-inhibitors (EPIs) to block drug-extrusion and disrupt biofilm formation, thereby, potentiating antibiotics and reversing resistance of pathogen towards them. This review will discuss the potential of EPIs as a possible solution to antimicrobial resistance, examining different challenges to the design of these compounds, with an emphasis on Gram-negative ESKAPEE pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Reza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK;
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-848-1891
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Abstract
Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment. However, there is increasing evidence from many studies to suggest that the pumps also play a role in biofilm formation. These studies have involved investigating the effects of efflux pump gene mutagenesis and efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, and measuring the levels of efflux pump gene expression in biofilms. In particular, several key pathogenic species associated with increasing multidrug resistance, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have been investigated, whilst other studies have focused on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model organism and problematic pathogen. Studies have shown that efflux pumps, including AcrAB-TolC of E. coli, MexAB-OprM of P. aeruginosa, AdeFGH of A. baumannii and AcrD of S. enterica, play important roles in biofilm formation. The substrates for such pumps, and whether changes in their efflux activity affect biofilm formation directly or indirectly, remain to be determined. By understanding the roles that efflux pumps play in biofilm formation, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to inhibit their function, to help disrupt biofilms and improve the treatment of infections. This review will discuss and evaluate the evidence for the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation and the potential approaches to overcome the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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Pelling H, Bock LJ, Nzakizwanayo J, Wand ME, Denham EL, MacFarlane WM, Sutton JM, Jones BV. De-repression of the smvA efflux system arises in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis and reduces susceptibility to chlorhexidine and other biocides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01535-19. [PMID: 31570392 PMCID: PMC6879213 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01535-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common pathogen of the catheterised urinary tract and often described as intrinsically resistant to the biocide chlorhexidine (CHD). Here we demonstrate that de-repression of the smvA efflux system has occurred in clinical isolates of P. mirabilis and reduces susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides. Compared to other isolates examined, P. mirabilis RS47 exhibited a significantly higher CHD MIC (≥512 μg/ml) and significantly greater expression of smvA. Comparison of the RS47 smvA and cognate smvR repressor with sequences from other isolates, indicated that RS47 encodes an inactivated smvR. Complementation of RS47 with a functional smvR from isolate RS50a (which exhibited the lowest smvA expression and lowest CHD MIC) reduced smvA expression by ∼59-fold, and markedly lowered the MIC of CHD and other cationic biocides. Although complementation of RS47 did not reduce MICs to concentrations observed in isolate RS50a, the significantly lower polymyxin B MIC of RS50a indicated that differences in LPS structure are also a factor in P. mirabilis CHD susceptibility. To determine if exposure to CHD can select for mutations in smvR, clinical isolates with the lowest CHD MICs were adapted to grow at increasing concentrations of CHD up to 512 μg/ml. Analysis of the smvR in adapted populations indicated that mutations predicted to inactivate smvR occurred following CHD exposure in some isolates. Collectively, our data show that smvA de-repression contributes to reduced biocide susceptibility in P. mirabilis, but differences in LPS structure between strains are also likely to be an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pelling
- Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - L J Bock
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J Nzakizwanayo
- Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M E Wand
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - E L Denham
- Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - W M MacFarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - B V Jones
- Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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Masci D, Hind C, Islam MK, Toscani A, Clifford M, Coluccia A, Conforti I, Touitou M, Memdouh S, Wei X, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Sutton JM, Castagnolo D. Switching on the activity of 1,5-diaryl-pyrrole derivatives against drug-resistant ESKAPE bacteria: Structure-activity relationships and mode of action studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:500-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Impey RE, Panjikar S, Hall CJ, Bock LJ, Sutton JM, Perugini MA, Soares da Costa TP. Identification of two dihydrodipicolinate synthase isoforms from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that differ in allosteric regulation. FEBS J 2019; 287:386-400. [PMID: 31330085 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, accounting for 10% of all hospital-acquired infections. Current antibiotics against P. aeruginosa are becoming increasingly ineffective due to the exponential rise in drug resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need to validate and characterize novel drug targets to guide the development of new classes of antibiotics against this pathogen. One such target is the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall and protein building blocks, namely meso-DAP and lysine. The rate-limiting step of this pathway is catalysed by the enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), typically encoded for in bacteria by a single dapA gene. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa encodes two functional DHDPS enzymes, PaDHDPS1 and PaDHDPS2. Although these isoforms have similar catalytic activities (kcat = 29 s-1 and 44 s-1 for PaDHDPS1 and PaDHDPS2, respectively), they are differentially allosterically regulated by lysine, with only PaDHDPS2 showing inhibition by the end product of the DAP pathway (IC50 = 130 μm). The differences in allostery are attributed to a single amino acid difference in the allosteric binding pocket at position 56. This is the first example of a bacterium that contains multiple bona fide DHDPS enzymes, which differ in allosteric regulation. We speculate that the presence of the two isoforms allows an increase in the metabolic flux through the DAP pathway when required in this clinically important pathogen. DATABASES: PDB ID: 6P90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Impey
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cody J Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lucy J Bock
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Pelling H, Nzakizwanayo J, Milo S, Denham EL, MacFarlane WM, Bock LJ, Sutton JM, Jones BV. Bacterial biofilm formation on indwelling urethral catheters. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:277-293. [PMID: 30811615 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urethral catheters are the most commonly deployed medical devices and used to manage a wide range of conditions in both hospital and community care settings. The use of long-term catheterization, where the catheter remains in place for a period >28 days remains common, and the care of these patients is often undermined by the acquisition of infections and formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. Particular problems arise from colonization with urease-producing species such as Proteus mirabilis, which form unusual crystalline biofilms that encrust catheter surfaces and block urine flow. Encrustation and blockage often lead to a range of serious clinical complications and emergency hospital referrals in long-term catheterized patients. Here we review current understanding of bacterial biofilm formation on urethral catheters, with a focus on crystalline biofilm formation by P. mirabilis, as well as approaches that may be used to control biofilm formation on these devices. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Urinary catheters are the most commonly used medical devices in many healthcare systems, but their use predisposes to infection and provide ideal conditions for bacterial biofilm formation. Patients managed by long-term urethral catheterization are particularly vulnerable to biofilm-related infections, with crystalline biofilm formation by urease producing species frequently leading to catheter blockage and other serious clinical complications. This review considers current knowledge regarding biofilm formation on urethral catheters, and possible strategies for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pelling
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - J Nzakizwanayo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - S Milo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - E L Denham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - W M MacFarlane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - L J Bock
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - B V Jones
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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Manzo G, Ferguson PM, Gustilo VB, Hind CK, Clifford M, Bui TT, Drake AF, Atkinson RA, Sutton JM, Batoni G, Lorenz CD, Phoenix DA, Mason AJ. Minor sequence modifications in temporin B cause drastic changes in antibacterial potency and selectivity by fundamentally altering membrane activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1385. [PMID: 30718667 PMCID: PMC6362004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potential source of new molecules to counter the increase in antimicrobial resistant infections but a better understanding of their properties is required to understand their native function and for effective translation as therapeutics. Details of the mechanism of their interaction with the bacterial plasma membrane are desired since damage or penetration of this structure is considered essential for AMPs activity. Relatively modest modifications to AMPs primary sequence can induce substantial changes in potency and/or spectrum of activity but, hitherto, have not been predicted to substantially alter the mechanism of interaction with the bacterial plasma membrane. Here we use a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, circular dichroism, solid-state NMR and patch clamp to investigate the extent to which temporin B and its analogues can be distinguished both in vitro and in silico on the basis of their interactions with model membranes. Enhancing the hydrophobicity of the N-terminus and cationicity of the C-terminus in temporin B improves its membrane activity and potency against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, enhancing the cationicity of the N-terminus abrogates its ability to trigger channel conductance and renders it ineffective against Gram-positive bacteria while nevertheless enhancing its potency against Escherichia coli. Our findings suggest even closely related AMPs may target the same bacterium with fundamentally differing mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - V Benjamin Gustilo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Tam T Bui
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alex F Drake
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Wand ME, Jamshidi S, Bock LJ, Rahman KM, Sutton JM. SmvA is an important efflux pump for cationic biocides in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1344. [PMID: 30718598 PMCID: PMC6362122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae has previously been shown to adapt to chlorhexidine by increasing expression of the MFS efflux pump smvA. Here we show that loss of the regulator SmvR, through adaptation to chlorhexidine, results in increased resistance to a number of cationic biocides in K. pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates which lack smvA and smvR also have an increased susceptibility to chlorhexidine. When smvA from Salmonella and K. pneumoniae are expressed in Escherichia coli, which lacks a homologue to SmvAR, resistance to chlorhexidine increased (4-fold) but plasmid carriage of smvA alone was detrimental to the cell. Challenge of K. pneumoniae with chlorhexidine and another cationic biocide, octenidine, resulted in increased expression of smvA (approx. 70 fold). Adaptation to octenidine was achieved through mutating key residues in SmvA (A363V; Y391N) rather than abolishing the function of SmvR, as with chlorhexidine adaptation. Molecular modelling was able to predict that octenidine interacted more strongly with these mutated SmvA forms. These results show that SmvA is a major efflux pump for cationic biocides in several bacterial species and that increased efflux through SmvA can lead to increased chlorhexidine and octenidine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Lucy J Bock
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | | | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
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Soares da Costa TP, Gardi CK, Christoff R, Sutton JM, Abbott BM, Perugini MA. Multi‐Targeted Inhibition of an Essential Bacterial Enzyme. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.810.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chamodi K. Gardi
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Rebecca Christoff
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Microbiology Services DivisionPublic Health EnglandSalisburyUnited Kingdom
| | - Belinda M. Abbott
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Matthew A. Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Shepherd MJ, Moore G, Wand ME, Sutton JM, Bock LJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts to octenidine in the laboratory and a simulated clinical setting, leading to increased tolerance to chlorhexidine and other biocides. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:e23-e29. [PMID: 29614247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octenidine is frequently used for infection prevention in neonatal and burn intensive care units, where Pseudomonas aeruginosa has caused nosocomial outbreaks. AIM To investigate the efficacy and impact of using octenidine against P. aeruginosa. METHODS Seven clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were exposed to increasing concentrations of octenidine over several days. Fitness, minimum bactericidal concentrations after 1 min, 5 min and 24 h, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a variety of antimicrobials were measured for the parental and octenidine-adapted P. aeruginosa strains. Octenidine and chlorhexidine MICs of a population of P. aeruginosa isolated from a hospital drain trap, exposed to a diluted octenidine formulation four times daily for three months, were also tested. FINDINGS Some planktonic cultures of P. aeruginosa survived >50% of the working concentration of an in-use octenidine formulation at the recommended exposure time. Seven strains of P. aeruginosa stably adapted following continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of octenidine. Adaptation increased tolerance to octenidine formulations and chlorhexidine up to 32-fold. In one strain, it also led to increased MICs of antipseudomonal drugs. Subsequent to continuous octenidine exposure of a multi-species community in a simulated clinical setting, up to eight-fold increased tolerance to octenidine and chlorhexidine of P. aeruginosa was also found, which was lost upon removal of octenidine. CONCLUSION Incorrect use of octenidine formulations may lead to inadequate decontamination, and even increased tolerance of P. aeruginosa to octenidine, with resulting cross-resistance to other biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Shepherd
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - G Moore
- Biosafety, Air and Water Microbiology Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - M E Wand
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - L J Bock
- Technology Development Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK.
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Bock LJ, Hind CK, Sutton JM, Wand ME. Growth media and assay plate material can impact on the effectiveness of cationic biocides and antibiotics against different bacterial species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:368-377. [PMID: 29432643 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of several cationic disinfectants as well as colistin and polymyxin B were assessed under different growth conditions against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These conditions included different media (MH1, MH2, TSB and LB) and plate material (polypropylene and polystyrene). Results showed that Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) values of colistin and polymyxin B were significantly lower on polypropylene plates when compared to polystyrene plates regardless of media used. There were also differences in MIC/MBC values to certain biocides e.g. chlorhexidine and octenidine particularly for S. aureus and E. coli strains, with polypropylene again showing lower values. Other biocides appear to be mostly unaffected by plate type. Whether biocide efficacy was altered by media composition was organism dependent with S. aureus and E. coli more affected than P. aeruginosa. Lower MIC values were more commonly associated with MH2 media and higher MIC values with TSB media for both polypropylene and polystyrene plates, although there were exceptions. Results obtained for standard strains were, in general, indicative for other S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains tested. This study demonstrates the importance of media composition and plate material on biocide effectiveness and highlights the need for optimized disinfectant testing methods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY There are an increasing number of reports of bacterial strains that are multi-drug resistant. The use of biocides as part of infection control is crucial in helping to combat the spread of these particular strains. Unlike for antibiotics, there are few standardized measuring techniques to understand if an isolate has become more resistant to biocides. This study demonstrates the importance of media composition and plate material on variation and reporting of susceptibility of several bacterial species to specific cationic biocides. It is a useful comparison study to highlight the need to standardize biocide susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Bock
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - C K Hind
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - J M Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - M E Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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Andriollo P, Hind CK, Picconi P, Nahar KS, Jamshidi S, Varsha A, Clifford M, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. C8-Linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Monomers with Inverted Building Blocks Show Selective Activity against Multidrug Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:158-174. [PMID: 29260545 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global concern. Development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is an urgent priority. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are a promising class of antibacterial agents initially discovered and isolated from natural sources. Recently, C8-linked PBD biaryl conjugates have been shown to be active against some MDR Gram-positive strains. To explore the role of building block orientations on antibacterial activity and obtain structure activity relationship (SAR) information, four novel structures were synthesized in which the building blocks of previously reported compounds were inverted, and their antibacterial activity was studied. The compounds showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.125-32 μg/mL against MDR Gram-positive strains with a bactericidal mode of action. The results showed that a single inversion of amide bonds reduces the activity while the double inversion restores the activity against MDR pathogens. All inverted compounds did not stabilize DNA and lacked eukaryotic toxicity. The compounds inhibit DNA gyrase in vitro, and the most potent compound was equally active against both wild-type and mutant DNA gyrase in a biochemical assay. The observed activity of the compounds against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with equivalent gyrase mutations is consistent with gyrase inhibition being the mechanism of action in vivo, although this has not been definitively confirmed in whole cells. This conclusion is supported by a molecular modeling study showing interaction of the compounds with wild-type and mutant gyrases. This study provides important SAR information about this new class of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Andriollo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Picconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kazi S. Nahar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Amrit Varsha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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49
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Abstract
The presentation of bacteriophage genomes as diagrams allows the location and organization of features to be communicated in a clear and effective manner. A wide range of software applications are available for the clear and accurate visualization of genomic data. Several of these applications incorporate comparative analysis tools, allowing for insertions, deletions, rearrangements and variations in syntenic regions to be visualized. In this chapter, freely available software and resources for the generation of high-quality graphical maps of bacteriophage genomes are listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dann Turner
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Eby M Sim
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola K Petty
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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50
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Turner D, Ackermann HW, Kropinski AM, Lavigne R, Sutton JM, Reynolds DM. Comparative Analysis of 37 Acinetobacter Bacteriophages. Viruses 2017; 10:E5. [PMID: 29295549 PMCID: PMC5795418 DOI: 10.3390/v10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in the environment and the multiple-drug resistant species A. baumannii is of significant clinical concern. This clinical relevance is currently driving research on bacterial viruses infecting A. baumannii, in an effort to implement phage therapy and phage-derived antimicrobials. Initially, a total of 42 Acinetobacter phage genome sequences were available in the international nucleotide sequence databases, corresponding to a total of 2.87 Mbp of sequence information and representing all three families of the order Caudovirales and a single member of the Leviviridae. A comparative bioinformatics analysis of 37 Acinetobacter phages revealed that they form six discrete clusters and two singletons based on genomic organisation and nucleotide sequence identity. The assignment of these phages to clusters was further supported by proteomic relationships established using OrthoMCL. The 4067 proteins encoded by the 37 phage genomes formed 737 groups and 974 orphans. Notably, over half of the proteins encoded by the Acinetobacter phages are of unknown function. The comparative analysis and clustering presented enables an updated taxonomic framing of these clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dann Turner
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1X 46, Canada
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology; and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, box 2462, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - J Mark Sutton
- National Infections Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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