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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff EL, Fink SJ, Mahapatra S, Carney DW, Lindsey EA, DeForest JC, France SP, Berritt S, Bigi-Botterill SV, Gibson TS, Watson RB, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved During 2020. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9607-9661. [PMID: 35833579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New drugs introduced to the market are privileged structures that have affinities for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), provide insight into molecular recognition and simultaneously function as leads for the design of future medicines. This Review is part of a continuing series presenting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 44 new chemical entities approved for the first time anywhere in the world during 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma L McInturff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rebecca B Watson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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2
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Abstract
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Fluorinated
carbohydrates have found many applications in the glycosciences.
Typically, these contain fluorination at a single position. There
are not many applications involving polyfluorinated carbohydrates,
here defined as monosaccharides in which more than one carbon has
at least one fluorine substituent directly attached to it, with the
notable exception of their use as mechanism-based inhibitors. The
increasing attention to carbohydrate physical properties, especially
around lipophilicity, has resulted in a surge of interest for this
class of compounds. This review covers the considerable body of work
toward the synthesis of polyfluorinated hexoses, pentoses, ketosugars,
and aminosugars including sialic acids and nucleosides. An overview
of the current state of the art of their glycosidation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kler Huonnic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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3
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Abstract
Abstract
Using purine as a scaffold, the methods for preparation of novel 2-aminopurine and purine derivatives substituted at position C
6 by the fragments of natural amino acids, short peptides, and N-heterocycles, including enantiopure ones, have been proposed. The methods for determination of the enantiomeric purity of the obtained chiral compounds have been developed. Conjugates exhibiting high antimycobacterial or anti-herpesvirus activity against both laboratory and multidrug-resistant strains were revealed among the obtained compounds.
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4
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Matheson CJ, Coxon CR, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carbain B, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Harnor SJ, Mas-Droux C, Newell DR, Richards MW, Sivaprakasam M, Turner D, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C. 2-Arylamino-6-ethynylpurines are cysteine-targeting irreversible inhibitors of Nek2 kinase. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:707-731. [PMID: 33479670 PMCID: PMC7649933 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewed interest in covalent inhibitors of enzymes implicated in disease states has afforded several agents targeted at protein kinases of relevance to cancers. We now report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-ethynylpurines that act as covalent inhibitors of Nek2 by capturing a cysteine residue (Cys22) close to the catalytic domain of this protein kinase. Examination of the crystal structure of the non-covalent inhibitor 3-((6-cyclohexylmethoxy-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzamide in complex with Nek2 indicated that replacing the alkoxy with an ethynyl group places the terminus of the alkyne close to Cys22 and in a position compatible with the stereoelectronic requirements of a Michael addition. A series of 6-ethynylpurines was prepared and a structure activity relationship (SAR) established for inhibition of Nek2. 6-Ethynyl-N-phenyl-7H-purin-2-amine [IC50 0.15 μM (Nek2)] and 4-((6-ethynyl-7H-purin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonamide (IC50 0.14 μM) were selected for determination of the mode of inhibition of Nek2, which was shown to be time-dependent, not reversed by addition of ATP and negated by site directed mutagenesis of Cys22 to alanine. Replacement of the ethynyl group by ethyl or cyano abrogated activity. Variation of substituents on the N-phenyl moiety for 6-ethynylpurines gave further SAR data for Nek2 inhibition. The data showed little correlation of activity with the nature of the substituent, indicating that after sufficient initial competitive binding to Nek2 subsequent covalent modification of Cys22 occurs in all cases. A typical activity profile was that for 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide [IC50 0.06 μM (Nek2); GI50 (SKBR3) 2.2 μM] which exhibited >5-10-fold selectivity for Nek2 over other kinases; it also showed > 50% growth inhibition at 10 μM concentration against selected breast and leukaemia cell lines. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed that binding of the compound to the Nek2 ATP-binding site resulted in covalent modification of Cys22. Further studies confirmed that 2-(3-((6-ethynyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)acetamide has the attributes of a drug-like compound with good aqueous solubility, no inhibition of hERG at 25 μM and a good stability profile in human liver microsomes. It is concluded that 6-ethynylpurines are promising agents for cancer treatment by virtue of their selective inhibition of Nek2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Matheson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Richard Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Kathy Boxall
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Andrew M Fry
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Ian R Hardcastle
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Suzannah J Harnor
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Corine Mas-Droux
- Section of Structural Biology , The Institute of Cancer Research , Sutton , UK
| | - David R Newell
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Translational and Clinical Research Institute , Newcastle University Centre for Cancer , Faculty of Medical Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , UK
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - David Turner
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
| | - Céline Cano
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit , Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 208 7060
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5
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Jeffries B, Wang Z, Felstead HR, Le Questel JY, Scott JS, Chiarparin E, Graton J, Linclau B. Systematic Investigation of Lipophilicity Modulation by Aliphatic Fluorination Motifs. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1002-1031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jeffries
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Hannah R. Felstead
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière − BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB40WG, U.K
| | | | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière − BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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6
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Nucleophilic Arylation of Halopurines Facilitated by Brønsted Acid in Fluoroalcohol. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24213812. [PMID: 31652675 PMCID: PMC6865213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various aryl-substituted purine derivatives were synthesized through the direct arylation of halopurines with aromatic compounds, facilitated by the combination of triflic acid and fluoroalcohol. This metal-free method is complementary to conventional coupling reactions using metal catalysts and reagents for the syntheses of aryl-substituted purine analogues.
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7
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Malassis J, Vendeville JB, Nguyen QH, Boujon M, Gaignard-Gaillard Q, Light M, Linclau B. Synthesis of vicinal dideoxy-difluorinated galactoses. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5331-5340. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel dideoxydifluorinated galactose derivatives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Malassis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO171BJ
- UK
| | | | - Qui-Hien Nguyen
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO171BJ
- UK
| | - Marie Boujon
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO171BJ
- UK
| | | | - Mark Light
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO171BJ
- UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO171BJ
- UK
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8
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Jeffries B, Wang Z, Graton J, Holland SD, Brind T, Greenwood RDR, Le Questel JY, Scott JS, Chiarparin E, Linclau B. Reducing the Lipophilicity of Perfluoroalkyl Groups by CF2–F/CF2–Me or CF3/CH3 Exchange. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10602-10618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jeffries
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Jérôme Graton
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière—BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Simon D. Holland
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Thomasin Brind
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ryan D. R. Greenwood
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jean-Yves Le Questel
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière—BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elisabetta Chiarparin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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9
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Tian C, Han Z, Li Y, Wang M, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,6-disubstituted-9H-purine, 2,4-disubstitued-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine and -7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues as novel CHK1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for purines as kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:298-346. [PMID: 26907156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinases control a diverse set of cellular processes comprising of reversible phosphorylation of proteins. Protein kinases play a pivotal role in human tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival of neoplasia. In the recent past, purine based molecules have emerged as significantly potent kinase inhibitors. In view of their promising potential for the inhibition of kinases, this review article focuses on purines which have progressed as kinase inhibitors during the last five years. A detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of purine analogs exerting inhibitory effects on diverse kinases has been presented. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the purine analogs for kinase inhibition. The interactions with the amino acid residues responsible for kinase inhibitory potential of purine based molecules have also been discussed. In this assemblage, purine based protein kinase inhibitors patented in the past have also been summarized in the tabular form. This compilation will be of great interest for the researchers working in the area of protein kinase inhibitors.
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11
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Gruzdev DA, Musiyak VV, Chulakov EN, Levit GL, Krasnov VP. Synthesis of purine and 2-aminopurine conjugates bearing the fragments of heterocyclic amines at position 6. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Trifluoroacetic Acid in 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Facilitates SNAr Reactions of Heterocycles with Arylamines. Chemistry 2014; 20:2311-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Fontenelle CQ, Wang Z, Fossey C, Cailly T, Linclau B, Fabis F. Design of fluorinated 5-HT4R antagonists: Influence of the basicity and lipophilicity toward the 5-HT4R binding affinities. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7529-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Solanki S, Innocenti P, Mas-Droux C, Boxall K, Barillari C, van Montfort RLM, Aherne GW, Bayliss R, Hoelder S. Benzimidazole Inhibitors Induce a DFG-Out Conformation of Never in Mitosis Gene A-Related Kinase 2 (Nek2) without Binding to the Back Pocket and Reveal a Nonlinear Structure−Activity Relationship. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savade Solanki
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Corine Mas-Droux
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy Boxall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Barillari
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - G. Wynne Aherne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bayliss
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Swen Hoelder
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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