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Ganassi S, Di Domenico C, Altomare C, Grazioso P, Di Cillo P, Pietrantonio L, De Cristofaro A. Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Philaenus spumarius, the vector of Xylella fastidosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38769855 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylella fastidiosa is an important causative agent of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in the Apulia region of Italy. The current study evaluated the bioefficacy of three entomopathogenic fungal strains: Beauveria bassiana SGB7004, Metarhizium robertsii SGB1K, and Akanthomyces lecanii SGB4711 against Philaenus spumarius the main vector of this pathogen, under laboratory conditions. Pathogenicity bioassays were performed by dipping nymphs and adults of P. spumarius in an aqueous suspension of powdered fungal culture (PFC) or conidial suspension (CS) of the three fungal strains. RESULTS Both B. bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K affected the viability of nymphs, resulting in more than 80% mortality at 48 h post treatment, while the effect of A. lecanii SGB4711 was not statistically significant. On adults, all three biocontrol strains were effective in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The PFCs of B. bassiana SGB7004, M. robertsii SGB1K, and A. lecanii SGB4711 at the highest concentration tested (120 mg mL-1) resulted in 97%, 83% and 27% mortality at the trial endpoint (120 h), respectively. Mycelial growth was observed on 38.5%, 37.0% and 61.5% of dead insects treated with B. bassiana SGB7004 (2.3 × 108 CFU mL-1), M. robertsii SGB1K (3.8 × 106 CFU mL-1) and A. lecanii SGB4711 (5.4 × 108 CFU mL-1), respectively. None of the PFCs of the tested strains was pathogenic when injected into nymph spittle. CONCLUSIONS Beauveria bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K significantly affected the survival of P. spumarius nymphs and adults, while A. lecanii SGB4711 was not effective on nymphs and only slightly effective against adults. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmela Di Domenico
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Pasqualina Grazioso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Zhou YM, Duan L, Luo L, Guan JQ, Yang ZK, Qu JJ, Zou X. The composition and function of bacterial communities in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) changed dramatically with infected fungi: A new potential to culture Cordyceps cicadae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38709468 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) is a renowned entomopathogenic fungus used as herbal medicine in China. However, wild C. cicadae resources have been threatened by heavy harvesting. We hypothesised that Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) could be a new alternative to cultivate C. cicadae due to the low cost of rearing. Bacterial communities are crucial for the formation of Cordyceps and for promoting the production of metabolites. To better understand the bacterial community structure associated with Cordyceps, three Claviciptaceae fungi were used to explore the pathogenicity of the silkworms. Here, fifth-instar silkworms were infected with C. cicadae, Cordyceps cateniannulata (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Subsequently, we applied high-throughput sequencing to explore the composition of bacterial communities in silkworms. Our results showed that all three fungi were highly pathogenic to silkworms, which suggests that silkworms have the potential to cultivate Cordyceps. After fungal infection, the diversity of bacterial communities in silkworms decreased significantly, and the abundance of Staphylococcus increased in mummified larvae, which may play a role in the death process when the host suffers infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, there were high similarities in the bacterial community composition and function in the C. cicadae and C. cateniannulata infected samples, and the phylogenetic analysis suggested that these similarities may be related to the fungal phylogenetic relationship. Our findings reveal that infection with different entomopathogenic fungi affects the composition and function of bacterial communities in silkworms and that the bacterial species associated with Cordyceps are primarily host dependent, while fungal infection affects bacterial abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ming Zhou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Qiang Guan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kai Yang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Qu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Wang J, Liu M, Mao C, Li S, Zhou J, Fan Y, Guo L, Yu H, Yang X. Comparative proteomics reveals the mechanism of cyclosporine production and mycelial growth in Tolypocladium inflatum affected by different carbon sources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1259101. [PMID: 38163081 PMCID: PMC10757567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a secondary cyclopeptide metabolite produced by Tolypocladium inflatum that is widely used clinically as an immunosuppressant. CsA production and mycelial growth differed when T. inflatum was cultured in different carbon source media. During early fermentation, CsA was preferred to be produced in fructose medium, while the mycelium preferred to accumulate in sucrose medium. On the sixth day, the difference was most pronounced. In this study, high-throughput comparative proteomics methods were applied to analyze differences in protein expression of mycelial samples on day 6, revealing the proteins and mechanisms that positively regulate CsA production related to carbon metabolism. The differences included small molecule acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, organic catabolism, exocrine secretion, CsA substrate Bmt synthesis, and transcriptional regulation processes. The proteins involved in the regulation of mycelial growth related to carbon metabolism were also revealed and were associated with waste reoxidation processes or coenzyme metabolism, small molecule synthesis or metabolism, the stress response, genetic information or epigenetic changes, cell component assembly, cell wall integrity, membrane metabolism, vesicle transport, intramembrane localization, and the regulation of filamentous growth. This study provides a reliable reference for CsA production from high-efficiency fermentation. This study provides key information for obtaining more CsA high-yielding strains through metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuqing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Penagos-Tabares F, Mahmood M, Khan MZU, Talha HMA, Sajid M, Rafique K, Naveed S, Faas J, Artavia JI, Sulyok M, Müller A, Krska R, Zebeli Q. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites in total mixed rations of cows from dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:421-436. [PMID: 37665547 PMCID: PMC10635927 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
After India and the USA, Pakistan is the third country leading in global dairy production, a sector of very high socioeconomic relevance in Asia. Mycotoxins can affect animal health, reproduction and productivity. This study analysed a broad range of co-occurring mycotoxins and fungal secondary metabolites derived from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and other fungal species. To complete this, a validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was employed, detecting 96 of > 500 tested secondary fungal metabolites. This first preliminary study demonstrated that total mixed rations (TMRs) (n = 30) from big commercial dairy cattle farms (> 200 lactating cows) in Punjab, Pakistan, presented ubiquitous contamination with mixtures of mycotoxins. The mean of mycotoxins per sample was 14, ranging from 11 to 20 mycotoxins among all TMR samples. Metabolites derived from other fungi and Fusarium spp. showed the highest levels, frequency and diversity among the detected fungal compounds. Among the most prevalent mycotoxins were Fusarium toxins like fumonisins B1 (FB1) (93%), B2 (FB2) (100%) and B3 (FB3) (77%) and others. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was evidenced in 40% of the samples, and 7% exceeded the EU maximum limit for feeding dairy cattle (5 µg/kg at 88% dry matter). No other mycotoxin exceeds the EU guidance values (GVs). Additionally, we found that dietary ingredients like corn grain, soybean meal and canola meal were related to increased contamination of some mycotoxins (like FB1, FB2 and FB3) in TMR from the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Among typical forage sources, the content of maize silage was ubiquitous. Individually, the detected mycotoxins represented relatively low levels. However, under a realistic scenario, long-term exposure to multiple mycotoxins and other fungal secondary metabolites can exert unpredictable effects on animal health, reproduction and productivity. Except for ergot alkaloids (73%), all the groups of metabolites (i.e. derived from Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and other fungi) occurred in 100% of the TMR samples. At individual levels, no other mycotoxins than AFB1 represented a considerable risk; however, the high levels of co-occurrence with several mycotoxins/metabolites suggest that long-term exposure should be considered because of their potential toxicological interactions (additive or synergistic effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Penagos-Tabares
- Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Mubarik Mahmood
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Subcampus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan
- Agri-Food Research & Sustainable Solutions (ARASS), Private Limited F-1, IBL Market, Ghouri Block, Bahria Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Amjad Talha
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Subcampus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Subcampus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rafique
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Subcampus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 55300, Pakistan
| | - Johannes Faas
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | | | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Anneliese Müller
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Abd El Azeem EM, Ghareeb EM, Hussien RHM. Effectiveness of ethyl acetate extract from Aspergillus flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate on biological and physiological performance of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana, (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae). BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:67. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana is a serious cotton pest in Egypt. Besides the economic losses it caused, treatment with chemical insecticides has negative effects on human health and the environment, thus the development of a powerful safe control strategy rather than chemical pesticides is an international goal.
Results
Ethyl acetate extract from Aspergillus flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate has an insecticidal activity against E. insulana causing larval and pupal mortality of 58.33, and 15.59%, respectively, compared with controls, in addition, reduction in adult's emergency and deformation of emerged adults. The impact of fungal extract treatment extended to adult stages by diminishing the male and the female longevity, the number of produced eggs and the hatchability percent. Furthermore, A. flavipes AUMC 11390 ethyl acetate extract caused a strong disturbance on some insect enzymes including amylase, invertase, trehalase, GOT, GPT and acetylcholinesterase, alongside total lipid and total protein. Analysis of ethyl acetate fungal extract revealed the presence of one hydrocarbon 3-Eicosene and four long-chain alcohols namely hexadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, and 1-pentadecanol which are known for their insecticidal activity.
Conclusion
A. flavipes AUMC 11390 culture filtrate might represent a promising source for different important bioactive compounds that could be used as a potential biocontrol agent involved in E. insulana management strategies.
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Wood MJ, Kortsinoglou AM, Bull JC, Eastwood DC, Kouvelis VN, Bourdon PA, Loveridge EJ, Mathias S, Meyrick A, Midthassel A, Myrta A, Butt T. Evaluation of Metarhizium brunneum- and Metarhizium-Derived VOCs as Dual-Active Biostimulants and Pest Repellents in a Wireworm-Infested Potato Field. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:599. [PMID: 37367536 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireworm, the larval stages of click beetles, are a serious pest of tubers, brassicas and other important commercial crops throughout the northern hemisphere. No effective control agent has been developed specifically for them, and many of the pesticides marketed as having secondary application against them have been withdrawn from EU and Asian markets. Metarhizium brunneum, an effective entomopathogenic fungus, and its derived volatile metabolites are known to be effective plant biostimulants and plant protectants, although field efficacy has yet to be validated. Field validation of a combined M. brunneum and derived VOC treatments was conducted in Wales, UK, to assess the effects of each as a wireworm control agent and biostimulant. Plots were treated with Tri-Soil (Trichoderma atroviridae), M. brunneum, 1-octen-3-ol or 3-octanone, or combinations thereof. Treatments were applied subsurface during potato seeding (n = 52), and potatoes were harvested at the end of the growing season. Each potato was weighed individually and scored for levels of wireworm damage. Applications of both the VOCs and the M. brunneum individually were found to significantly decrease wireworm burden (p < 0.001). Combinations of M. brunneum and 3-octanone were also found to significantly decrease wireworm damage (p < 0.001), while no effect on yield was reported, resulting in an increased saleable mass over controls (p < 0.001). Herein, we present a novel 'stimulate and deter' wireworm control strategy that can be used to significantly enhance saleable potato yields and control wireworm populations, even under high pest pressure densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn J Wood
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 73100 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra M Kortsinoglou
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - James C Bull
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Daniel C Eastwood
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Vassili N Kouvelis
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Pierre A Bourdon
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - E Joel Loveridge
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | | | - Audun Midthassel
- Certis Belchim BV, R & D Department, 3521 AZ Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arben Myrta
- Certis Belchim BV, R & D Department, 3521 AZ Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Shi WJ, Zhao R, Zhu JQ, Wan XH, Wang LB, Li H, Qin S. Complete genome analysis of pathogenic Metschnikowia bicuspidata strain MQ2101 isolated from diseased ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 37120526 PMCID: PMC10148492 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metschnikowia bicuspidata is a pathogenic yesst that can cause disease in many different economic aquatic animal species. In recent years, there was a new disease outbreak in ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province China that was referred to as zombie disease by local farmers. The pathogen was first isolated and identified as M. bicuspidata. Although the pathogenicity and pathogenesis of this pathogen in other animals have been reported in some previous studies, research on its molecular mechanisms is still very limited. Therefore, a genome-wide study is necessary to better understand the physiological and pathogenic mechanisms of M. bicuspidata. RESULT In this study, we obtained a pathogenic strain, MQ2101, of M. bicuspidata from diseased E. carinicauda and sequenced its whole genome. The size of the whole genome was 15.98 Mb, and it was assembled into 5 scaffolds. The genome contained 3934 coding genes, among which 3899 genes with biological functions were annotated in multiple underlying databases. In KOG database, 2627 genes were annotated, which were categorized into 25 classes including general function prediction only, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, and signal transduction mechanisms. In KEGG database, 2493 genes were annotated, which were categorized into five classes, including cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, metabolism and organismal systems. In GO database, 2893 genes were annotated, which were mainly classified in cell, cell part, cellular processes and metabolic processes. There were 1055 genes annotated in the PHI database, accounting for 26.81% of the total genome, among which 5 genes were directly related to pathogenicity (identity ≥ 50%), including hsp90, PacC, and PHO84. There were also some genes related to the activity of the yeast itself that could be targeted by antiyeast drugs. Analysis based on the DFVF database showed that strain MQ2101 contained 235 potential virulence genes. BLAST searches in the CAZy database showed that strain MQ2101 may have a more complex carbohydrate metabolism system than other yeasts of the same family. In addition, two gene clusters and 168 putative secretory proteins were predicted in strain MQ2101, and functional analysis showed that some of the secretory proteins may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of the strain. Gene family analysis with five other yeasts revealed that strain MQ2101 has 245 unique gene families, including 274 genes involved in pathogenicity that could serve as potential targets. CONCLUSION Genome-wide analysis elucidated the pathogenicity-associated genes of M. bicuspidate while also revealing a complex metabolic mechanism and providing putative targets of action for the development of antiyeast drugs for this pathogen. The obtained whole-genome sequencing data provide an important theoretical basis for transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic studies of M. bicuspidata and lay a foundation for defining its specific mechanism of host infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17, Chunhui Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-He Wan
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Bao Wang
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, No. 31, Jiaoyu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17, Chunhui Road, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Kuo HY, Chiu MC, Chou JY. Bacillus predominates in the Ophiocordyceps pseudolloydii-infected ants, and it potentially improves protection and utilization of the host cadavers. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:53. [PMID: 36602580 PMCID: PMC9816197 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial communities that colonize the cadaver environment of insects infected and killed by parasitic fungi can be selected by the sympatric fungi and provide novel impacts. In this study, we found that Bacillus cereus/thuringiensis predominate the bacterial community in Dolichoderus thoracicus ant cadavers colonized by O. pseudolloydii. The most predominant bacterial strains in these ant cadavers were hemolytic and able to produce hydrolytic enzymes for digesting the ant tissue. A relatively intense lethal effect on the co-cultured nematode was displayed by a hemolytic strain. Moreover, the antagonistic effect against pathogenic fungi detected in the bacteria sympatric with O. pseudolloydii was reported here. Naphthoquinones have been shown to confer antibacterial activities and produced by the ant-pathogenic Ophiocordyceps fungi. However, our results did not show the naphthoquinone tolerance we expected to be detected in the bacteria from the ant infected by O. pseudolloydii. The bacterial diversity in the samples associated with O. pseudolloydii infected ants as revealed in this study will be a step forward to the understanding of the roles playing by the microbial community in the native habitats of O. pseudolloydii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Kuo
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, 500, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Chiu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, 500, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, 500, Changhua, Taiwan.
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Couceiro JDC, De Fine Licht HH, Delalibera I, Meyling NV. Comparative gene expression and genomics reflect geographical divergence in the plant symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungal genus Metarhizium. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Reingold V, Staropoli A, Faigenboim A, Maymone M, Matveev S, Keppanan R, Ghanim M, Vinale F, Ment D. The SWC4 subunit of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex is involved in varying virulence of Metarhizium brunneum isolates offering role of epigenetic regulation of pathogenicity. Virulence 2022; 13:1252-1269. [PMID: 35891589 PMCID: PMC9336478 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The host – pathogen interaction is a multifactorial process subject to a co-evolutionary arms race consisting of rapid changes in both host and pathogen, controlled at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Previously, we showed intra-species variation in disease progression and pathogenicity in aphids for Metarhizium brunneum isolates MbK and Mb7. Herein, we compared genomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic variations between these isolates and their effects on pathogenicity. Genomic variation could not completely explain the observed differences between the isolates. However, differential N6-adenine methylation (6 mA) and its correlation to reduced expression of the essential SWC4 subunit of SWR1 chromatin-remodelling complex (SWR1-C) led us to hypothesize a role for swc4 in the varying pathogenicity. Mutagenesis of the essential swc4 gene in MbKisolate resulted in reduction of secondary-metabolite (SM) secretion and impaired virulence in Galleria mellonella. Our results suggest the role of SWC4 in the regulation of SMs and the role of both SWC4 and SWR1-C in virulence of M. brunneum isolates. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation of SM production and secretion in entomopathogenic fungi may enable theirmanipulation for better biocontrol performance, and expand possibilities for environmentally friendly pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reingold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alessia Staropoli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Science, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Zion, Israel
| | - Marcel Maymone
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sabina Matveev
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ravindran Keppanan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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11
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He Y, Zhao C, Huang B, Hu F. A New Cyclopeptide from Basidiobolus meristosporus. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Maccaro JJ, Moreira Salgado JF, Klinger E, Argueta Guzmán MP, Ngor L, Stajich JE, McFrederick QS. Comparative genomics reveals that metabolism underlies evolution of entomopathogenicity in bee-loving Ascosphaera spp. fungi. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107804. [PMID: 35933037 PMCID: PMC10793876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascosphaera (Eurotiomycetes: Onygenales) is a diverse genus of fungi that is exclusively found in association with bee nests and comprises both saprophytic and entomopathogenic species. To date, most genomic analyses have been focused on the honeybee pathogen A. apis, and we lack a genomic understanding of how pathogenesis evolved more broadly in the genus. To address this gap we sequenced the genomes of the leaf-cutting bee pathogen A. aggregata as well as three commensal species: A. pollenicola, A. atra and A. acerosa. De novo annotation and comparison of the assembled genomes was carried out, including the previously published genome of A. apis. To identify candidate virulence genes in the pathogenic species, we performed secondary metabolite-oriented analyses and clustering of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Additionally, we captured single copy orthologs to infer their phylogeny and created codon-aware alignments to determine orthologs under selective pressure in our pathogenic species. Our results show several shared BGCs between A. apis, A. aggregata and A. pollenicola, with antifungal resistance related genes present in the bee pathogens and commensals. Genes involved in metabolism and protein processing exhibit signatures of enrichment and positive selection under a fitted branch-site model. Additional known virulence genes in A. pollenicola, A. acerosa and A. atra are identified, supporting previous hypotheses that these commensals may be opportunistic pathogens. Finally, we discuss the importance of such genes in other fungal pathogens, suggesting a common route to evolution of pathogenicity in Ascosphaera.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Maccaro
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - J F Moreira Salgado
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - E Klinger
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect Biology Management Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT, USA
| | - M P Argueta Guzmán
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - L Ngor
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - J E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Q S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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13
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Chemometrics and genome mining reveal an unprecedented family of sugar acid-containing fungal nonribosomal cyclodepsipeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123379119. [PMID: 35914151 PMCID: PMC9371744 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123379119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylomyrocins, a unique group of nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites, were discovered in Paramyrothecium and Colletotrichum spp. fungi by employing a combination of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS)-based chemometrics, comparative genome mining, gene disruption, stable isotope feeding, and chemical complementation techniques. These polyol cyclodepsipeptides all feature an unprecedented d-xylonic acid moiety as part of their macrocyclic scaffold. This biosynthon is derived from d-xylose supplied by xylooligosaccharide catabolic enzymes encoded in the xylomyrocin biosynthetic gene cluster, revealing a novel link between carbohydrate catabolism and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Xylomyrocins from different fungal isolates differ in the number and nature of their amino acid building blocks that are nevertheless incorporated by orthologous nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes. Another source of structural diversity is the variable choice of the nucleophile for intramolecular macrocyclic ester formation during xylomyrocin chain termination. This nucleophile is selected from the multiple available alcohol functionalities of the polyol moiety, revealing a surprising polyspecificity for the NRPS terminal condensation domain. Some xylomyrocin congeners also feature N-methylated amino acid residues in positions where the corresponding NRPS modules lack N-methyltransferase (M) domains, providing a rare example of promiscuous methylation in the context of an NRPS with an otherwise canonical, collinear biosynthetic program.
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14
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Toopaang W, Bunnak W, Srisuksam C, Wattananukit W, Tanticharoen M, Yang YL, Amnuaykanjanasin A. Microbial polyketides and their roles in insect virulence: from genomics to biological functions. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:2008-2029. [PMID: 35822627 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: May 1966 up to January 2022Entomopathogenic microorganisms have potential for biological control of insect pests. Their main secondary metabolites include polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, and polyketide-nonribosomal peptide (PK-NRP) hybrids. Among these secondary metabolites, polyketides have mainly been studied for structural identification, pathway engineering, and for their contributions to medicine. However, little is known about the function of polyketides in insect virulence. This review focuses on the role of bacterial and fungal polyketides, as well as PK-NRP hybrids in insect infection and killing. We also discuss gene distribution and evolutional relationships among different microbial species. Further, the role of microbial polyketides and the hybrids in modulating insect-microbial symbiosis is also explored. Understanding the mechanisms of polyketides in insect pathogenesis, how compounds moderate the host-fungus interaction, and the distribution of PKS genes across different fungi and bacteria will facilitate the discovery and development of novel polyketide-derived bio-insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraporn Toopaang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. .,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Warapon Bunnak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Chettida Srisuksam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wilawan Wattananukit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Morakot Tanticharoen
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. .,Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 711010, Taiwan
| | - Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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15
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Microbial Natural Products with Antiviral Activities, Including Anti-SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134305. [PMID: 35807550 PMCID: PMC9268554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 infection, was discovered two and a half years ago. It caused a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and substantial damage to the worldwide economy. Currently, only a few vaccines and antiviral drugs are available to combat SARS-CoV-2. However, there has been an increase in virus-related research, including exploring new drugs and their repurposing. Since discovering penicillin, natural products, particularly those derived from microbes, have been viewed as an abundant source of lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds treat bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. This review incorporates evidence from the available research publications on isolated and identified natural products derived from microbes with anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes simplex, anti-HIV, anti-influenza, anti-respiratory syncytial virus, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. About 131 compounds with in vitro antiviral activity and 1 compound with both in vitro and in vivo activity have been isolated from microorganisms, and the mechanism of action for some of these compounds has been described. Recent reports have shown that natural products produced by the microbes, such as aurasperone A, neochinulin A and B, and aspulvinone D, M, and R, have potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, targeting the main protease (Mpro). In the near and distant future, these molecules could be used to develop antiviral drugs for treating infections and preventing the spread of disease.
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16
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The Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Shows Its Toxic Side within Insects: Expression of Genes Encoding Secondary Metabolites during Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050488. [PMID: 35628744 PMCID: PMC9143124 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are extensively used for the control of insect pests worldwide. Among them, Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) produce a plethora of toxic secondary metabolites that either facilitate fungal invasion or act as immunosuppressive compounds. These toxins have different chemical natures, such as nonribosomal peptides and polyketides. Even though their precise role is poorly understood, they are usually linked to virulence. These fungal secondary metabolites are produced by the expression of gene clusters encoding the various proteins needed for their biosynthesis. Each cluster includes synthetases for nonribosomal peptides (NRPS), polyketides (PKS), or hybrid NRPS–PKS genes. The aim of this review is to summarize the information available from transcriptomics and quantitative PCR studies related to the expression of B. bassiana NRPS and PKS genes inside different insects as the infection progresses; as for the host immune response, to help understand the mechanisms that these toxins trigger as virulence factors, antimicrobials, or immunosuppressives within the context of a fungus–insect interaction.
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17
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Identification and virtual based screening of the bioinsecticidal potential of Metarhizium anisopliae destruxins as inhibitors of Culex quinquefasciatus chitinase activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Kamali M, Shahi S. Catalytic Switching in the Multi-component Synthesis of Novel Thioethers Based on 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridones. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.2010468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Shahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Awad K, Maghraby AS, Abd-Elshafy DN, Bahgat MM. Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912899. [PMID: 35983037 PMCID: PMC9380592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming in immune cells is diverse and distinctive in terms of complexity and flexibility in response to heterogeneous pathogenic stimuli. We studied the carbohydrate metabolic changes in immune cells in different types of infectious diseases. This could help build reasonable strategies when understanding the diagnostics, prognostics, and biological relevance of immune cells under alternative metabolic burdens. METHODS Search and analysis were conducted on published peer-reviewed papers on immune cell metabolism of a single pathogen infection from the four known types (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). Out of the 131 selected papers based on the PIC algorithm (pathogen type/immune cell/carbohydrate metabolism), 30 explored immune cell metabolic changes in well-studied bacterial infections, 17 were on fungal infections of known medical importance, and 12 and 57 were on parasitic and viral infections, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION While carbohydrate metabolism in immune cells is signaled by glycolytic shift during a bacterial or viral infection, it is widely evident that effector surface proteins are expressed on the surface of parasites and fungi to modulate metabolism in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate metabolism in immune cells can be categorized according to the pathogen or the disease type. Accordingly, this classification can be used to adopt new strategies in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Awad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Kareem Awad, ; Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat, ,
| | - Amany Sayed Maghraby
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Kareem Awad, ; Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat, ,
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20
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Ma Z, Qiu S, Chen HC, Zhang D, Lu YL, Chen XL. Maleimide structure: a promising scaffold for the development of antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:1-14. [PMID: 33511872 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1877675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds bearing maleimide rings are a series of secondary metabolites derived from fungi/marine microorganisms, which are characterized by a general structure -CO-N(R)-CO-, and the R group is normally substituted with alkyl or aryl groups. Maleimide compounds show various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity. In this review, the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities of 15 maleimide compounds from natural sources and 32 artificially synthesized maleimides were summarized, especially against Candida albicans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Staphylococcus aureus. It highlights that maleimide scaffold has tremendous potential to be utilized in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuo Qiu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Han-Chi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yue-Le Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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21
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Kamali M, Keramat Pirolghor F. One‐pot three‐component synthesis of novel chromeno[3,2‐
c
]pyridine‐1,9(
2
H
)‐diones by using
SnCl
2
⋅2H
2
O
as catalyst. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Sharma A, Athe S, P.I R, Vishali K, Ghosh S. Total synthesis of the proposed structure of metacridamide B. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Wang H, Peng H, Li W, Cheng P, Gong M. The Toxins of Beauveria bassiana and the Strategies to Improve Their Virulence to Insects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705343. [PMID: 34512581 PMCID: PMC8430825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term and excessive usage of pesticides is an enormous burden on the environment, which also increases pest resistance. To overcome this problem, research and application of entomopathogenic fungi, which are both environmentally friendly and cause lower resistance, have gained great momentum. Entomopathogenic fungi have a wide range of prospects. Apart from Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana is the most studied biopesticide. After invading insect hosts, B. bassiana produces a variety of toxins, which are secondary metabolites such as beauvericin, bassianin, bassianolide, beauverolides, tenellin, oosporein, and oxalic acid. These toxins help B. bassiana to parasitize and kill the hosts. This review unequivocally considers beauveria toxins highly promising and summarizes their attack mechanism(s) on the host insect immune system. Genetic engineering strategies to improve toxin principles, genes, or virulent molecules of B. bassiana have also been discussed. Lastly, we discuss the future perspective of Beauveria toxin research, including newly discovered toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China.,College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
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24
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Zhang L, Yue Q, Wang C, Xu Y, Molnár I. Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: genomics as a tool to elucidate the encoded parvome. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:1164-1180. [PMID: 32211677 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00007h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2014 up to the third quarter of 2019 Hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi (HEF) produce a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) that are prominent virulence factors or mediate various interactions in the native niches of these organisms. Many of these SMs show insecticidal, immune system modulatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and other bioactivities of clinical or agricultural significance. Recent advances in whole genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have revealed many biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) potentially involved in SM production in HEF. Some of these BGCs are now well characterized, with the structures of the cognate product congeners elucidated, and the proposed biosynthetic functions of key enzymes validated. However, the vast majority of HEF BGCs are still not linked to SM products ("orphan" BGCs), including many clusters that are not expressed (silent) under routine laboratory conditions. Thus, investigations into the encoded parvome (the secondary metabolome predicted from the genome) of HEF allows the discovery of BGCs for known SMs; uncovers novel metabolites based on the BGCs; and catalogues the predicted SM biosynthetic potential of these fungi. Herein, we summarize new developments of the field, and survey the polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, terpenoid and hybrid SM BGCs encoded in the currently available 40 HEF genome sequences. Studying the encoded parvome of HEF will increase our understanding of the multifaceted roles that SMs play in biotic and abiotic interactions and will also reveal biologically active SMs that can be exploited for the discovery of human and veterinary drugs or crop protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Qun Yue
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.
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25
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Wang JP, Shu Y, Liu R, Gan JL, Deng SP, Cai XY, Hu JT, Cai L, Ding ZT. Bioactive sesterterpenoids from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112762. [PMID: 33940379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed sesterterpenes were characterized from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14 by solid fermentation. Their structures were initially investigated in detail by spectroscopic analyses and HR-ESI-MS and were further confirmed by X-crystallography. In in vitro bioassays, compounds 1, 5 and 7 showed cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50 values of 7.98 ± 0.93, 6.42 ± 0.41 and 7.32 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7 displayed significant cytotoxicity against the A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 values of 4.83 ± 0.22 μM and 4.58 ± 0.85 μM, respectively). In addition, compound 5 showed an obvious inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 9.53 ± 0.16 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Gan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ping Deng
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yun Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Hu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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Csata E, Billen J, Barbu-Tudoran L, Markó B. Inside Pandora's box: Development of the lethal myrmecopathogenic fungus Pandora formicae within its ant host. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oberhofer M, Wackerlig J, Zehl M, Büyük H, Cao JJ, Prado-Roller A, Urban E, Zotchev SB. Endophytic Akanthomyces sp. LN303 from Edelweiss Produces Emestrin and Two New 2-Hydroxy-4 Pyridone Alkaloids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2184-2191. [PMID: 33521458 PMCID: PMC7841945 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the search for new antibiotics, several fungal endophytes were isolated from the medicinal plant Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Edelweiss). The extract from one of these fungi classified as Akanthomyces sp. displayed broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Further investigation into the composition of this extract using bioactivity-guided fractionation, HRMS, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed two new 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids (1, 2) and emestrin (3), an epidithiodioxopiperazine not previously known to be produced by a member of Cordycipitaceae. Further testing of purified compounds 1 and 2 proved that they are devoid of antibiotic activity, and all the activities observed in the crude extract could be assigned to emestrin (3), whose configuration was confirmed by crystallographic data. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that endophytic fungi from Edelweiss can produce new compounds, prompting further investigation into them for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Oberhofer
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Havva Büyük
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jia Jian Cao
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Prado-Roller
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergey B. Zotchev
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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28
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Du FY, Li XM, Sun ZC, Meng LH, Wang BG. Secondary Metabolites with Agricultural Antagonistic Potentials from Beauveria felina, a Marine-Derived Entomopathogenic Fungus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14824-14831. [PMID: 33322905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne pathogens and weeds could synergistically affect vegetable growth and result in serious losses. The investigation of antagonistic metabolites from a marine-derived entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria felina, obtained polyhydroxy steroid (1), tricyclic diterpenoid (2), isaridin (3), and destruxin cyclodepsipeptides (4-6). The structures and absolute configurations of new 1-3 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses, as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 showed antifungal activities against carbendazim-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 16 to 32 μg/mL, which were significantly better than those of carbendazim (MIC = 256 μg/mL). Compound 5 exhibited significant antagonistic activity against the radicle growth of Amaranthus retroflexus seedlings, which was almost identical to that of the positive control (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The structure-activity differences of 4-6 suggested that the Cl atom in HMPA1 and β-Me in Pro2 should be the key factors to their herbicidal activities. Besides, compounds 3-6 showed moderate nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne incognita. These antagonistic effects of 1-6 were first reported and further revealed the synergistically antagonistic potential of B. felina to be developed into the biopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | - Ling-Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, and Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, China
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29
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Liu S, Fan W, Ren J, Wang W, Liu X, Liang Y, Wei T, Li E. Peniterpenoids A-C, new sesquiterpenoid metabolites from a wheat cyst nematode Penicillium janthinellum. Fitoterapia 2020; 148:104801. [PMID: 33309650 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new sesquiterpenoids, peniterpenoids A - C (1-3), together with six known metabolites (4-9) were isolated from an entomogenous fungus Penicillium janthinellum (LB1.20090001) collected from a wheat cyst nematode. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of the C-8 secondary alcohol of peniterpenoid B (2) was determined by [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD experiment. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activities were determined. Compounds 6-8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (CGMCC1.2465) with MIC values of 25.0, 50.0 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Erwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Shin TY, Lee MR, Park SE, Lee SJ, Kim WJ, Kim JS. Pathogenesis-related genes of entomopathogenic fungi. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21747. [PMID: 33029869 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All living things on Earth experience various diseases such as those caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Insects are no exception to this rule, and fungi that cause disease in insects are called entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been developed as microbial insecticides and are used to control various pests. Generally, the mode of action of entomopathogenic fungi is divided into the attachment of conidia, germination, penetration, growth, and generation of secondary infectious conidia. In each of these steps, that entomopathogenic fungi use genes in a complex manner (specific or diverse) has been shown by gene knock-out and RNA-sequencing analysis. In this review, the information mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi was divided into six steps: (1) attachment of conidia to host, (2) germination and appressorium, (3) penetration, (4) fungal growth in hemolymph, (5) conidia production on host, and (6) transmission and dispersal. The strategy used by the fungi in each step was described at the genetic level. In addition, an approach for studying the mode of action of the fungi is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Isolation of Beauveria bassiana from the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans in the Gran Chaco Region of Argentina: Assessment of Gene Expression during Host-Pathogen Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040219. [PMID: 33053646 PMCID: PMC7711898 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A native strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bb-C001) was isolated from a naturally infected Triatoma infestans, Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) adult cadaver in the Gran Chaco region, Salta province, Argentina. The isolate was both phenotypic and molecularly characterized in a context of fungus-insect interaction, by measuring the expression pattern of toxin genes during infection and immune response of T. infestans. The commercial strain GHA of B. bassiana, which was previously used in field interventions to control these vectors, was used as reference in this study. The phylogenetic trees based on both ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) indicated that Bb-C001 fits into a B. bassiana cluster, and the sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) showed that Bb-C001 is different from the GHA strain. There were no differences between both strains regarding viability, radial growth, and conidia production, either in the median survival time or insect mortality. However, Bb-C001 showed a higher expression than GHA of the bassianolide synthetase gene (BbbslS) during infection, and similar levels of the beauvericin synthetase gene (BbbeaS). Immune-related genes of T. infestans nymphs (limpet-2 and defensin-1, -2, and -6) were later expressed and thus insects failed to stop the infection process. These results showed that B. bassiana Bb-C001 is a promised fungal strain to be incorporated in the current biological control programs of T. infestans in Salta province, Argentina.
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32
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Zhang L, Fasoyin OE, Molnár I, Xu Y. Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: novel bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1181-1206. [PMID: 32211639 PMCID: PMC7529686 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2014 up to the third quarter of 2019 Entomopathogens constitute a unique, specialized trophic subgroup of fungi, most of whose members belong to the order Hypocreales (class Sordariomycetes, phylum Ascomycota). These Hypocrealean Entomopathogenic Fungi (HEF) produce a large variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) and their genomes rank highly for the number of predicted, unique SM biosynthetic gene clusters. SMs from HEF have diverse roles in insect pathogenicity as virulence factors by modulating various interactions between the producer fungus and its insect host. In addition, these SMs also defend the carcass of the prey against opportunistic microbial invaders, mediate intra- and interspecies communication, and mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses. Thus, these SMs contribute to the role of HEF as commercial biopesticides in the context of integrated pest management systems, and provide lead compounds for the development of chemical pesticides for crop protection. These bioactive SMs also underpin the widespread use of certain HEF as nutraceuticals and traditional remedies, and allowed the modern pharmaceutical industry to repurpose some of these molecules as life-saving human medications. Herein, we survey the structures and biological activities of SMs described from HEF, and summarize new information on the roles of these metabolites in fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Opemipo Esther Fasoyin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
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33
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Brivio MF, Mastore M. When Appearance Misleads: The Role of the Entomopathogen Surface in the Relationship with Its Host. INSECTS 2020; 11:E387. [PMID: 32585858 PMCID: PMC7348879 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, potentially harmful insects are controlled mainly by chemical synthetic insecticides, but environmental emergencies strongly require less invasive control techniques. The use of biological insecticides in the form of entomopathogenic organisms is undoubtedly a fundamental resource for the biological control of insect pests in the future. These infectious agents and endogenous parasites generally act by profoundly altering the host's physiology to death, but their success is closely related to the neutralization of the target insect's immune response. In general, entomopathogen parasites, entomopathogenic bacteria, and fungi can counteract immune processes through the effects of secretion/excretion products that interfere with and damage the cells and molecules typical of innate immunity. However, these effects are observed in the later stages of infection, whereas the risk of being recognized and neutralized occurs very early after penetration and involves the pathogen surface components and molecular architecture; therefore, their role becomes crucial, particularly in the earliest pathogenesis. In this review, we analyze the evasion/interference strategies that entomopathogens such as the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, nematocomplexes, and wasps implement in the initial stages of infection, i.e., the phases during which body or cell surfaces play a key role in the interaction with the host receptors responsible for the immunological discrimination between self and non-self. In this regard, these organisms demonstrate evasive abilities ascribed to their body surface and cell wall; it appears that the key process of these mechanisms is the capability to modify the surface, converting it into an immunocompatible structure, or interaction that is more or less specific to host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Francesco Brivio
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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34
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Basidiosins A and B: Cyclopentapeptides from the entomophthoralean fungus Basidiobolus meristosporus. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104671. [PMID: 32565347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Two new cyclopentapeptides, basidiosins A and B (1 and 2) were isolated from the mycelia extracts of entomophthoralean fungus Basidiobolus meristosporus RCEF 4516. The structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, and the absolute config urations were assigned by Marfey's method on their acid hydrolyzates. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as cyclo(L-Thr-L-Leu- L-Ile-D-Tyr-D-Thr) and cyclo(L-Thr-L-Leu-L-Val-D-Val-D-Ser), respectively. They were evaluated for the biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidative activities. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed by bioinformatic analysis. This is the first study on the isolation of natural products from Basidiobolus fungus.
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35
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Niu X, Thaochan N, Hu Q. Diversity of Linear Non-Ribosomal Peptide in Biocontrol Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E61. [PMID: 32408496 PMCID: PMC7345191 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play a key role in regulation of pest populations. BFs produce multiple non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and other secondary metabolites that interact with pests, plants and microorganisms. NRPs-including linear and cyclic peptides (L-NRPs and C-NRPs)-are small peptides frequently containing special amino acids and other organic acids. They are biosynthesized in fungi through non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs). Compared with C-NRPs, L-NRPs have simpler structures, with only a linear chain and biosynthesis without cyclization. BFs mainly include entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, that are used to control insect pests and phytopathogens in fields, respectively. NRPs play an important role of in the interactions of BFs with insects or phytopathogens. On the other hand, the residues of NRPs may contaminate food through BFs activities in the environment. In recent decades, C-NRPs in BFs have been thoroughly reviewed. However, L-NRPs are rarely investigated. In order to better understand the species and potential problems of L-NRPs in BFs, this review lists the L-NRPs from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, summarizes their sources, structures, activities and biosynthesis, and details risks and utilization prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Narit Thaochan
- Pest Management Biotechnology and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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Bie Q, Chen C, Gong Y, Wang X, Sun W, Yu M, Guo J, Liu J, Qi C, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Dongtinganthracenes A-D: Bioxanthracene derivatives from Penicillium sp. DT10 derived from wetland soil obtained from Dongting Lake. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112295. [PMID: 32113065 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed bioxanthracene derivatives, dongtinganthracenes A-D, along with a previously reported analog, ES-242-3, were obtained from the solid culture broth of the fungus Penicillium sp. DT10, which was isolated from wetland soil obtained from Dongting Lake. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on extensive NMR analyses, mass spectroscopic analyses, and ECD calculations. Dongtinganthracene A represents the first 7',8'-seco-bioxanthracene produced via oxidation, and dongtinganthracenes A-D show a much higher degree of oxidation in aromatic rings compared with normal naturally occurring bioxanthracene derivatives. Dongtinganthracenes B and D and ES-242-3 exhibit cytotoxic activity, while dongtinganthracene A shows inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yihua Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Muyuan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jieru Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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37
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Fan W, Li E, Ren J, Wang W, Liu X, Zhang Y. Cordycepamides A−E and cordyglycoside A, new alkaloidal and glycoside metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps sp. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Probing Carbon Utilization of Cordyceps militaris by Sugar Transportome and Protein Structural Analysis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020401. [PMID: 32050592 PMCID: PMC7072658 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond comparative genomics, we identified 85 sugar transporter genes in Cordyceps militaris, clustering into nine subfamilies as sequence- and phylogenetic-based functional classification, presuming the versatile capability of the fungal growths on a range of sugars. Further analysis of the global gene expression patterns of C. militaris showed 123 genes were significantly expressed across the sucrose, glucose, and xylose cultures. The sugar transporters specific for pentose were then identified by gene-set enrichment analysis. Of them, the putative pentose transporter, CCM_06358 gene, was highest expressed in the xylose culture, and its functional role in xylose transport was discovered by the analysis of conserved structural motifs. In addition, a battery of molecular modeling methods, including homology modeling, transport pathway analysis, residue interaction network combined with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area simulation (MM-PBSA), was implemented for probing the structure and function of the selected pentose transporter (CCM_06358) as a representative of sugar transportome in C. militaris. Considering the network bottlenecks and structural organizations, we further identified key amino acids (Phe38 and Trp441) and their interactions with other residues, contributing the xylose transport function, as verified by binding free energy calculation. The strategy used herein generated remarkably valuable biological information, which is applicable for the study of sugar transportome and the structure engineering of targeted transporter proteins that might link to the production of bioactive compounds derived from xylose metabolism, such as cordycepin.
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39
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Kamali M, Shahi S, Mashhadi Akbar Bujar M. Temperature‐Dependent Green Synthesis of New Series of Mannich Bases from 4‐Hydroxy‐pyridine‐2‐one and Their Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Kamali
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University Mofatteh Ave., No. 49 15614 Tehran Iran
| | - Sahar Shahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University Mofatteh Ave., No. 49 15614 Tehran Iran
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40
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Saepua S, Kornsakulkarn J, Auncharoen P, Rachtawee P, Kongthong S, Boonyuen N, Harding DJ, Nehira T, Thongpanchang T, Thongpanchang C. Secondary metabolites from cultures of the ant pathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps irangiensis BCC 2728. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3556-3561. [PMID: 31933382 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1713119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Five new compounds, iranginins A-E (1-5), together with sixteen known compounds were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps irangiensis BCC 2728. The structures and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses, the application of modified Mosher's method (for 2), ECD calculation (for 5), and X-ray crystallographic analysis (for 4). LL-Z1640-5 and mucorisocoumarin C were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 41.7 and 85.0 µM, respectively), while peyroisocoumarin D exhibited cytotoxic activity (IC50 65.6 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Saepua
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jittra Kornsakulkarn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Auncharoen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pranee Rachtawee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Surisa Kongthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Boonyuen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - David J Harding
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tienthong Thongpanchang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chawanee Thongpanchang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, Thailand
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41
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Raethong N, Wang H, Nielsen J, Vongsangnak W. Optimizing cultivation of Cordyceps militaris for fast growth and cordycepin overproduction using rational design of synthetic media. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 18:1-8. [PMID: 31890138 PMCID: PMC6926140 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic fungus which is often used in Asia as a traditional medicine developed from age-old wisdom. Presently, cordycepin from C. militaris is a great interest in medicinal applications. However, cellular growth of C. militaris and the association with cordycepin production remain poorly understood. To explore the metabolism of C. militaris as potential cell factories in medical and biotechnology applications, this study developed a high-quality genome-scale metabolic model of C. militaris, iNR1329, based on its genomic content and physiological data. The model included a total of 1329 genes, 1821 biochemical reactions, and 1171 metabolites among 4 different cellular compartments. Its in silico growth simulation results agreed well with experimental data on different carbon sources. iNR1329 was further used for optimizing the growth and cordycepin overproduction using a novel approach, POPCORN, for rational design of synthetic media. In addition to the high-quality GEM iNR1329, the presented POPCORN approach was successfully used to rationally design an optimal synthetic medium with C:N ratio of 8:1 for enhancing 3.5-fold increase in cordycepin production. This study thus provides a novel insight into C. militaris physiology and highlights a potential GEM-driven method for synthetic media design and metabolic engineering application. The iNR1329 and the POPCORN approach are available at the GitHub repository: https://github.com/sysbiomics/Cordyceps_militaris-GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachon Raethong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Systems Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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42
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Lack of involvement of chitinase in direct toxicity of Beauveria bassiana cultures to the aphid Myzus persicae. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 169:107276. [PMID: 31715183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The fungal insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana produces a range of insecticidal metabolites and enzymes, including chitinases and proteases, which may assist the disease progression. The enzymes often play a predominant role in the pathogenicity pathway and both chitinases and proteases have previously been shown to be important in host infection. Spray application of supernatants of B. bassiana broth cultures of an isolate from New Zealand caused significant mortality in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, within 24 h, demonstrating an apparent contact toxicity. Three-day-old broth cultures were the most effective, with less insect mortality seen using six-day-old broth. However, aphicidal activity increased again when treating aphids with seven-day-old broth. Cultures grew substantially better and produced more potent aphicidal cultures when cultured in media with an initial pH above 5.5. Chitinase was produced a day earlier than the serine protease Pr1, but the peak production periods of these enzymes did not correlate with the aphicidal activities of three- or six-day-old cultures. Cultures treated with EDTA or heated to inactivate the enzymes still showed strong insecticidal activity. Neither beauvericin nor bassianolide, two known insecticidal metabolites, were detected in the supernatants. Therefore the key aphicidal components of B. bassiana cultures were not associated with chitinase nor Pr1 and are yet to be identified.
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43
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Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from agriculturally important fungi as next biocontrol agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9287-9303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Isaka M, Palasarn S, Choowong W, Kawashima K, Mori S, Mongkolsamrit S, Thanakitpipattana D. Benzophenone and chromone derivatives and their dimers from the scale-insect pathogenic fungus Orbiocrella petchii BCC 51377. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Zheng S, Loreto R, Smith P, Patterson A, Hughes D, Wang L. Specialist and Generalist Fungal Parasites Induce Distinct Biochemical Changes in the Mandible Muscles of Their Host. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4589. [PMID: 31533250 PMCID: PMC6769763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some parasites have evolved the ability to adaptively manipulate host behavior. One notable example is the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato, which has evolved the ability to alter the behavior of ants in ways that enable fungal transmission and lifecycle completion. Because host mandibles are affected by the fungi, we focused on understanding changes in the metabolites of muscles during behavioral modification. We used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass (HPLC-MS/MS) to detect the metabolite difference between controls and O. unilateralis-infected ants. There was a significant difference between the global metabolome of O. unilateralis-infected ants and healthy ants, while there was no significant difference between the Beauveria bassiana treatment ants group compared to the healthy ants. A total of 31 and 16 of metabolites were putatively identified from comparisons of healthy ants with O. unilateralis-infected ants and comparisons of B. bassiana with O. unilateralis-infected samples, respectively. This result indicates that the concentrations of sugars, purines, ergothioneine, and hypoxanthine were significantly increased in O. unilateralis-infected ants in comparison to healthy ants and B. bassiana-infected ants. This study provides a comprehensive metabolic approach for understanding the interactions, at the level of host muscles, between healthy ants and fungal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Raquel Loreto
- Center for Infectious Diseases Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil.
| | - Philip Smith
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Andrew Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Liande Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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46
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Elbanhawy AA, Elsherbiny EA, Abd El-Mageed AE, Abdel-Fattah GM. Potential of fungal metabolites as a biocontrol agent against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and the possible mechanisms of action. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 159:34-40. [PMID: 31400782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the insecticidal activity of the different organic extracts from the entomopathogenic fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum towards cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. The methanol extracts from the mycelia and spores of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against A. gossypii compared with other extracts, which LC50 values were recorded to be 57.60 and 94.18 ppm, respectively. The major constituents identified in both methanol extracts by GC-MS analysis were linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The methanol extracts of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum caused a voluminous increase in the total carbohydrates content of A. gossypii adults, while the total protein content was significantly decreased by both extracts. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly reduced by methanol extracts. The P. lilacinum extract caused a considerable reduction in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), α- and β-esterase by 28.9, 27.9 and 23.4%, respectively. Both extracts induced a significant increase in phenoloxidase and chitinase activity of A. gossypii adults. These results suggest that C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum methanol extracts could be used as a promising approach for the management of A. gossypii in many economically crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Elbanhawy
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsherbiny A Elsherbiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Abd El-Mageed
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Abdel-Fattah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Genome sequence of Isaria javanica and comparative genome analysis insights into family S53 peptidase evolution in fungal entomopathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7111-7128. [PMID: 31273397 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Isaria javanica is an important entomopathogen that parasitizes various insects and is effective for pest control. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the genomes (IJ1G and IJ2G) of two I. javanica strains isolated from different insects. The genomes were approximately 35 Mb in size with 11,441 and 11,143 protein-coding genes, respectively. Using a phylogenomic approach, we evaluated genome evolution across five entomopathogenic fungi in Cordycipitaceae. By comparative genome analysis, it was found that family S53 serine peptidases were expanded in Cordycipitaceae entomopathogens, particularly in I. javanica. Gene duplication events were identified based on phylogenetic relationships inferred from 82 S53 peptidases within six entomopathogenic fungal genomes. Moreover, we found that carbohydrate-active enzymes and proteinases were the largest secretory protein groups encoded in the I. javanica genome, especially chitinases (GH18), serine and aspartic peptidases (S53, S08, S10, A01). Pathogenesis-related genes and genes for bacterial-like toxins and secondary metabolites were also identified. By comparative transcriptome analysis, differentially expressed genes in response to insect nutrients (in vitro) were identified. Moreover, most S53 peptidases were detected to be significantly upregulated during the initial fungal infection process in insects (in vivo) by RT-qPCR. Our results provide new clues about understanding evolution of pathogenic proteases and may suggest that abundant S53 peptidases in the I. javanica genome may contribute to its effective parasitism on various insects.
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48
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Momose I, Onodera T, Doi H, Adachi H, Iijima M, Yamazaki Y, Sawa R, Kubota Y, Igarashi M, Kawada M. Leucinostatin Y: A Peptaibiotic Produced by the Entomoparasitic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1120-1127. [PMID: 31017786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leucinostatin Y, a new peptaibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of the entomoparasitic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum 40-H-28. The planar structure was elucidated by detailed analysis of its NMR and MS/MS data. The absolute configurations of the amino acids were partially determined by an advanced Marfey's method. The biological activities of leucinostatin Y were assessed using human pancreatic cancer cells, revealing the importance of the C-terminus of leucinostatins for preferential cytotoxicity to cancer cells under glucose-deprived conditions and inhibition of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Takefumi Onodera
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Doi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Masatomi Iijima
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Yohko Yamazaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Numazu, 18-24 Miyamoto , Numazu-shi , Shizuoka 410-0301 , Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) , Tokyo, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki , Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-0021 , Japan
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49
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Moloinyane S, Nchu F. The Effects of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana Inoculation on Infestation Level of Planococcus ficus, Growth and Volatile Constituents of Potted Greenhouse Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020072. [PMID: 30696046 PMCID: PMC6409710 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are being explored for the management of phytophagous insect pests. The effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) inoculation of grape plants on the infestation level of P. ficus, tissue nutrient contents, and growth and volatile constituents of potted grape plants were assessed. Grapevine plants were individually inoculated with a suspension of 1 × 108 conidia mL−1 of B. bassiana by drenching before experimentally infesting each of them with thirty adult females of P. ficus. At four weeks post-treatment, the fungus was re-isolated from leaves of 50% of the fungus-exposed plants. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in all the plant growth parameters measured in the fungus-treated and control plants. Plant tissue analysis revealed markedly higher contents of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaf tissue of plants exposed to the B. bassiana relative to the control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that a significantly (X2 = 5.1; p < 0.02) higher number of known anti-insect volatile compounds (nine) were present among fungus treated plants compared to the control plants (five). Naphthalene, which is toxic to insects and humans, was detected only in the volatiles of the fungus-exposed plants. B. bassiana did not have any significant effect on total polyphenol, alkaloid, and flavonoids. Overall, treatment with fungus did not inhibit the infestation by P. ficus. In conclusion, these findings shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in endophytic fungus-plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphokazi Moloinyane
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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50
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He Y, Zhang W, Peng F, Lu R, Zhou H, Bao G, Wang B, Huang B, Li Z, Hu F. Metabolomic variation in wild and cultured cordyceps and mycelia of Isaria cicadae. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4478. [PMID: 30578653 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong He
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliaten of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Fan Peng
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Ruili Lu
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Naval Postgraduate School; Monterey CA USA
| | - Guanhu Bao
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Bin Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Zengzhi Li
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei China
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